Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nickel allergy – Knowledge and References – Taylor & Francis

  https://taylorandfrancis.com/knowledge/Engineering_and_technology/Biomedical_engineering/Nickel_allergy/

  Nickel is the most common contact allergen, with 15–20% of women suffering from nickel allergy; a frequency 3–10 times higher than in men. This is believed to be due, in large, to the higher exposure of women and girls to nickel releasing articles with direct skin contact such as jewelry. Nickel allergy also affects many children. The best way to reduce the widespread occurrence, is prevention of sensitization to nickel by identifying nickel releasing items and making sure they do not come in contact with skin. The population should, therefore, be protected from nickel-releasing objects. […] Nickel released from decorative electroplated articles can cause ACD, appearing as a rash, itch, redness or dry skin in nickel-sensitised persons. Often called Nickel Allergy, this happens when some nickel-containing items are in direct and prolonged contact with the skin, causing the immune system to become nickel-sensitised should sufficient nickel ions be absorbed through the skin repeatedly in the same area. Once affected, further exposure to nickel ions can cause nickel-allergic reactions and while the symptoms will dissipate after removal of the source, ACD can reoccur with further exposure to nickel ions.

• #2

  https://www.prevention.com/health/a20453150/one-in-ten-women-are-allergic-to-nickel/

  According to a recent study in the International Journal of Dermatology, 1 in 10 women are allergic to nickel but only 2% of men are. […] Nickel allergies are responsible for unsightly rashes, some eczema, and blisters at the site of contact. […] The UK has been on the case for years, having banned the use of nickel in products that involve prolonged skin exposure in 2000. […] Heres how to limit your exposure to nickel without taking a permanent vacation across the pond: […] One fix: Make wearing only hypoallergenic jewelry a habit. […] If you need another reason to drop the habit: Theres nickel in your cigs, which means smoking ups your nickel levels. […] Let your water run for a few seconds before filling a glass, and consider getting a water filter to remove the metal. […] Opt for mineral makeup without iron-oxide pigments, or ask your makeup companies if their products contain nickel. […] it may be helpful to avoid nickel-rich foods, such as fish, canned veggies and fruit, and chocolate.

• #3 Nickel Sensitivity in Children Due to Using Stainless Steel Crowns: A Narrative Review – Journal of Pediatrics Review

  https://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=363&slc_lang=en&sid=1&ftxt=1&html=1

  Nickel causes allergies in almost 10% of the population and was identified as a mutagenic and carcinogenic agent in some studies. […] Studies suggested that the average prevalence of nickel allergy in Eastern Europe and North America is approximately 8.6%. […] Investigations also indicated that 1.1 million American children are potentially allergic to nickel. […] It has also been reported that 8% to 10% of children and adolescents in the European general population present nickel allergy. […] However, this prevalence was about 23.7% in the children of North America between 1994 to 2014. […] Nickel ion is a common cause of contact allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. […] Nickel released from appliances, like orthodontic braces, causes allergic reactions and reduces the strength of appliances.

• #4 Nickel allergy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nickel-allergy?content_id=CON-20157225

  The best strategy to prevent a nickel allergy from developing is to avoid prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. […] However, it’s not always easy to avoid nickel because it’s present in so many products. Home test kits are available to check for nickel in metal items. […] The following tips may help you avoid nickel exposure: […] Avoid jewelry that contains nickel. Purchase jewelry that’s made of materials that aren’t likely to cause allergic reactions. Look for jewelry made from such metals as nickel-free stainless steel, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, 18-karat yellow gold, or nickel-free yellow gold and sterling silver. […] Before getting a piercing, check to be sure the studio uses sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles in sealed packages. […] Look for safer substitutes for common nickel-containing items: […] If you have to be exposed to nickel at work, creating a barrier between you and the nickel may help. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help.

• #5 Nickel allergy: Symptoms, treatment, and what to avoid

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321400

  The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with products containing nickel. […] The best way to manage a nickel allergy is to avoid anything containing the metal. […] There is no cure for an allergy to nickel. The best way to prevent a reaction is to avoid the allergen.

• #6 Nickel allergy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351534

  The first step in treating nickel allergy is avoiding contact with the metal. There’s no cure for nickel allergy. Once you develop a sensitivity to nickel, you’ll develop a rash (contact dermatitis) whenever you come into contact with the metal. […] You may use some of the following treatments at home to treat contact dermatitis due to nickel allergy. If these treatments don’t help or the rash worsens, contact your doctor. Home remedies include the following: […] Avoid certain over-the-counter ointments, such as antibiotic creams, which may contain ingredients particularly neomycin that can worsen an allergic reaction.

• #7 Nickel allergy | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nickel-allergy

  The best strategy to prevent a nickel allergy from developing is to avoid prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. […] However, it’s not always easy to avoid nickel because it’s present in so many products. Home test kits are available to check for nickel in metal items. […] The following tips may help you avoid nickel exposure: […] Avoid jewelry that contains nickel. Purchase jewelry that’s made of materials that aren’t likely to cause allergic reactions. Look for jewelry made from such metals as nickel-free stainless steel, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, 18-karat yellow gold, or nickel-free yellow gold and sterling silver. […] Before getting a piercing, check to be sure the studio uses sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles in sealed packages.

• #8 Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/nickel-allergy

  If you have a nickel allergy, the best way to avoid symptoms is to avoid objects containing nickel. To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, board-certified dermatologists recommend following these tips. […] To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, dermatologists recommend the following tips: […] Choose jewelry carefully. Its common for a nickel allergy to develop from wearing jewelry containing nickel. […] Check your clothing. It’s also common for belt buckles, bra hooks, and metal buttons, zippers and snaps to contain nickel. […] Cover electronics. Recent reports suggest that some electronic devices, including cell phones, laptops, and tablets, may contain nickel. […] Substitute household objects containing nickel with objects made of other materials. […] Avoid foods containing nickel if you are extremely sensitive to nickel.

• #9 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #10 Nickel allergy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nickel-allergy?content_id=CON-20157225

  The best strategy to prevent a nickel allergy from developing is to avoid prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. […] However, it’s not always easy to avoid nickel because it’s present in so many products. Home test kits are available to check for nickel in metal items. […] The following tips may help you avoid nickel exposure: […] Avoid jewelry that contains nickel. Purchase jewelry that’s made of materials that aren’t likely to cause allergic reactions. Look for jewelry made from such metals as nickel-free stainless steel, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, 18-karat yellow gold, or nickel-free yellow gold and sterling silver. […] Before getting a piercing, check to be sure the studio uses sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles in sealed packages. […] Look for safer substitutes for common nickel-containing items: […] If you have to be exposed to nickel at work, creating a barrier between you and the nickel may help. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help.

• #11 Nickel allergy prevention | nickelsafe

  https://www.nickelsafe.co.uk/prevention

  For those of us who have no nickel allergy, avoid wearing jewelry that contains nickel to stop it ever occurring. However once you have a nickel allergy, it’s best to avoid all contact wherever possible. […] Only wear hypo-allergenic jewelry […] Avoid all jewelry with nickel, as well as white gold and cobalt. They may contain nickel and could cause an allergic reaction. […] Don’t wear jewelry that contains nickel or has ever caused you to experience a nickel rash. Be sure that your earring backs are made of hypoallergenic materials.

• #12 Nickel allergy prevention | nickelsafe

  https://www.nickelsafe.co.uk/prevention

  For those of us who have no nickel allergy, avoid wearing jewelry that contains nickel to stop it ever occurring. However once you have a nickel allergy, it’s best to avoid all contact wherever possible. […] Only wear hypo-allergenic jewelry […] Avoid all jewelry with nickel, as well as white gold and cobalt. They may contain nickel and could cause an allergic reaction. […] Don’t wear jewelry that contains nickel or has ever caused you to experience a nickel rash. Be sure that your earring backs are made of hypoallergenic materials.

• #13 Nickel Allergies Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/nickel

  While the allergy itself cant be prevented, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction to nickel is to avoid all objects containing it. Always check with the manufacturer, retailer, or label to find out if an item is made of or contains nickel before you buy or use it. […] Talk to your doctor about avoiding these foods if youre allergic to nickel. People with a nickel allergy should also: abstain from using stainless steel cooking equipment, avoid wearing jewelry containing nickel or getting a body piercing, avoid wearing clothing with plastic or coated zippers and buttons, check with an orthodontist about nickel before getting orthodontic braces, ask an ophthalmologist if eyeglasses contain nickel before buying them, tell doctors about a nickel allergy before having any surgeries. […] If you have a nickel allergy and work in an industry where youre frequently exposed to nickel, talk to your employer and your doctor. They can help you determine a plan moving forward for avoiding nickel and preventing an allergic reaction.

• #14

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7330428/

  Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a category of inflammatory skin conditions resulting from an interaction between a chemical and the skin that results in a type IV delayed-hypersensitivity immune response. Some risk factors for the development of ACD may be genetic, but acquisition of ACD is believed to be due to exposure. One of the most common causes of ACD is the ubiquitous metal, nickel. The European Union addressed the increasing rates of nickel sensitization by instituting the Nickel Directive in 1994. This mandates that products intended for prolonged contact with the skin should release no more than 0.5 ug/cm2/week, with a specific restriction on piercings (wounded skin) limited to 0.2 ug/cm2/week. The institution of the directive has led to significantly decreased rates of nickel sensitization across Europe (Fors et al., 2012).

• #15 Preventing nickel allergy using various topcoats for decorative items – Research Outreach

  https://researchoutreach.org/articles/preventing-nickel-allergy/

  Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of skin reaction that can be aggravated by nickel causing the skin to become red and itchy. The aim of these coatings is to keep the concentration of nickel comfortably under the REACH (the EU Commissions Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) safety restrictions and thus minimise the risk of nickel allergy. […] A collaboration between Dr William Y.Lo and Clive Whittington aims to improve the use of nickel in the marketplace and help prevent nickel allergy. […] Clive Whittington and Dr William Lo evaluated non-nickel surface coatings which enable nickel-containing consumer products to be safely placed on the market without concern for nickel release. Such products must comply with specific regulations covered by the EU Nickel Restrictions which impose limits on the amount of nickel released from articles intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with skin (like the back of a watch).

• #16 Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31994473/

  Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). […] Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient’s education about the possible use of alternative products. […] A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. […] This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.

• #17 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049216-overview

  Nickel is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis in the world. The incidence of nickel allergic contact dermatitis in North America is increasing; in contrast, new regulations in Europe have resulted in a decreasing prevalence of nickel allergy in young and middle-aged women. […] Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel typically is manifested by dermatitis at the sites where earrings or necklaces containing nickel are worn or where metal objects containing nickel are in contact with the skin. […] Disulfiram: Occasionally, an individual who is highly allergic to nickel and has severe vesicular hand dermatitis will benefit from treatment with disulfiram (Antabuse); the drug has a chelating effect.

• #18

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7330428/

  In 2008, the American Contact Dermatitis Society Public Relations Committee presented a resolution to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) advocating for a European Unionlike nickel directive. The next year, the AAD published an article in support of a nickel directive. Two years later, in 2011, the American Medical Association House of Delegates adopted the resolution (Jacob et al., 2009). […] In 2015, the American Contact Dermatitis Society developed a set of four priorities and communicated to the AAD: RESOLVED, that the AAD take a lead role in reducing exposure to Nickel in the U.S. by way of the following: 1. Develop educational materials and prioritize a public campaign on the consequences of nickel exposure. 2. Consider advocacy directed to nickel sensitization and allergy to be a high priority for the AAD. 3. Encourage industry to voluntarily reduce the use of nickel in products that contact the skin. 4. Advocate with the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Congress, and the Surgeon General on making this a priority of their public health policies.

• #19

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7330428/

  In 2008, the American Contact Dermatitis Society Public Relations Committee presented a resolution to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) advocating for a European Unionlike nickel directive. The next year, the AAD published an article in support of a nickel directive. Two years later, in 2011, the American Medical Association House of Delegates adopted the resolution (Jacob et al., 2009). […] In 2015, the American Contact Dermatitis Society developed a set of four priorities and communicated to the AAD: RESOLVED, that the AAD take a lead role in reducing exposure to Nickel in the U.S. by way of the following: 1. Develop educational materials and prioritize a public campaign on the consequences of nickel exposure. 2. Consider advocacy directed to nickel sensitization and allergy to be a high priority for the AAD. 3. Encourage industry to voluntarily reduce the use of nickel in products that contact the skin. 4. Advocate with the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Congress, and the Surgeon General on making this a priority of their public health policies.

• #20 nickel allergic contact dermatitis; sensitization; diagnosis; prevention strategy; therapy and management Archives – Dermatitis Academy

  https://www.dermatitisacademy.com/tag/nickel-allergic-contact-dermatitis-sensitization-diagnosis-prevention-strategy-therapy-and-management/

  On June 23, 2016, a historic event occurred the first US Nickel Workshop. […] A top priority was discussed at the nickel workshop of removing high nickel-release materials from use in piercing posts (used in jewelry) by using appropriate low nickel-releasing materials (e.g. surgical stainless steel, high quality gold, etc.) since piercing directly introduces released nickel to an open wound. This is especially important for children who, if sensitized, have a lifetime to deal with the consequences. […] The most sure way to prevent recurrence of dermatitis is to avoid skin contact with items that release nickel. […] Additional measures, such as use of antiperspirants or decrease in smoking, can decrease the recurrence of allergic contact dermatitis.

• #21 Nickel allergy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nickel-allergy?content_id=CON-20157225

  The best strategy to prevent a nickel allergy from developing is to avoid prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. […] However, it’s not always easy to avoid nickel because it’s present in so many products. Home test kits are available to check for nickel in metal items. […] The following tips may help you avoid nickel exposure: […] Avoid jewelry that contains nickel. Purchase jewelry that’s made of materials that aren’t likely to cause allergic reactions. Look for jewelry made from such metals as nickel-free stainless steel, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, 18-karat yellow gold, or nickel-free yellow gold and sterling silver. […] Before getting a piercing, check to be sure the studio uses sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles in sealed packages. […] Look for safer substitutes for common nickel-containing items: […] If you have to be exposed to nickel at work, creating a barrier between you and the nickel may help. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help.

• #22 Nickel Allergies Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/nickel

  While the allergy itself cant be prevented, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction to nickel is to avoid all objects containing it. Always check with the manufacturer, retailer, or label to find out if an item is made of or contains nickel before you buy or use it. […] Talk to your doctor about avoiding these foods if youre allergic to nickel. People with a nickel allergy should also: abstain from using stainless steel cooking equipment, avoid wearing jewelry containing nickel or getting a body piercing, avoid wearing clothing with plastic or coated zippers and buttons, check with an orthodontist about nickel before getting orthodontic braces, ask an ophthalmologist if eyeglasses contain nickel before buying them, tell doctors about a nickel allergy before having any surgeries. […] If you have a nickel allergy and work in an industry where youre frequently exposed to nickel, talk to your employer and your doctor. They can help you determine a plan moving forward for avoiding nickel and preventing an allergic reaction.

• #23

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7330428/

  Although abstinence is the greatest opportunity for prevention (Rundle et al., 2018), the best practice for piercing would be to have a professional use plastic, nickel-free metal, or a low-nickel-releasing stainless steel such as AISI 304, 316L, or 430, all of which release less 0.03 ug/cm2/week, which is significantly below the European Union safety standard of 0.2 ug/cm2/week8 (Haudrechy et al., 1997). […] To protect the skin against the most common causes of ACD, avoid piercing the skin, especially when young, particularly with posts that contain nickel-releasing metals. This adage is particularly important to follow early in life to reduce ongoing nickel contact and the risk of developing allergy. Lastly, delaying piercing until after the placement of high-nickel-containing orthodontics may reduce sensitization risk by a factor of 1.5 to 2 (Fors et al., 2012).

• #24

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7330428/

  Although abstinence is the greatest opportunity for prevention (Rundle et al., 2018), the best practice for piercing would be to have a professional use plastic, nickel-free metal, or a low-nickel-releasing stainless steel such as AISI 304, 316L, or 430, all of which release less 0.03 ug/cm2/week, which is significantly below the European Union safety standard of 0.2 ug/cm2/week8 (Haudrechy et al., 1997). […] To protect the skin against the most common causes of ACD, avoid piercing the skin, especially when young, particularly with posts that contain nickel-releasing metals. This adage is particularly important to follow early in life to reduce ongoing nickel contact and the risk of developing allergy. Lastly, delaying piercing until after the placement of high-nickel-containing orthodontics may reduce sensitization risk by a factor of 1.5 to 2 (Fors et al., 2012).

• #25 Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/nickel-allergy

  If you have a nickel allergy, the best way to avoid symptoms is to avoid objects containing nickel. To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, board-certified dermatologists recommend following these tips. […] To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, dermatologists recommend the following tips: […] Choose jewelry carefully. Its common for a nickel allergy to develop from wearing jewelry containing nickel. […] Check your clothing. It’s also common for belt buckles, bra hooks, and metal buttons, zippers and snaps to contain nickel. […] Cover electronics. Recent reports suggest that some electronic devices, including cell phones, laptops, and tablets, may contain nickel. […] Substitute household objects containing nickel with objects made of other materials. […] Avoid foods containing nickel if you are extremely sensitive to nickel.

• #26 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #27 Nickel allergy | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nickel-allergy

  Look for safer substitutes for common nickel-containing items: […] If you have to be exposed to nickel at work, creating a barrier between you and the nickel may help. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help. […] Try covering buttons, snaps, zippers or tool handles with duct tape or with a clear barrier, such as Nickel Guard. Clear nail polish on jewelry may help, but may have to be reapplied often.

• #28

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Nickel-Allergy.aspx

  For children allergic to nickel, anything from jeans with metal buttons to handheld electronics can cause a red, itchy rash. […] Although there is no cure for nickel allergy, here are a few ways to help prevent reactions: […] Avoid clothing with metal buttons, snaps, rivets and zippers. Look for belts, watches and jewelry and other accessories that are labeled „nickel-free,” or buy items that are hypoallergenic are or made of surgical-grade stainless steel, gold, silver, or platinum. […] Sew a piece of cloth over the metal to prevent direct contact with skin. It may also help to put two coats of clear nail polish on metal that touches skin. […] Place a nickel-free case around your child’s tablet or phone that covers the parts made of metal. […] Advise your child not to keep loose coins and keys in pockets.

• #29 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #30 Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/nickel-allergy

  If you have a nickel allergy, the best way to avoid symptoms is to avoid objects containing nickel. To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, board-certified dermatologists recommend following these tips. […] To avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, dermatologists recommend the following tips: […] Choose jewelry carefully. Its common for a nickel allergy to develop from wearing jewelry containing nickel. […] Check your clothing. It’s also common for belt buckles, bra hooks, and metal buttons, zippers and snaps to contain nickel. […] Cover electronics. Recent reports suggest that some electronic devices, including cell phones, laptops, and tablets, may contain nickel. […] Substitute household objects containing nickel with objects made of other materials. […] Avoid foods containing nickel if you are extremely sensitive to nickel.

• #31 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #32

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Nickel-Allergy.aspx

  For children allergic to nickel, anything from jeans with metal buttons to handheld electronics can cause a red, itchy rash. […] Although there is no cure for nickel allergy, here are a few ways to help prevent reactions: […] Avoid clothing with metal buttons, snaps, rivets and zippers. Look for belts, watches and jewelry and other accessories that are labeled „nickel-free,” or buy items that are hypoallergenic are or made of surgical-grade stainless steel, gold, silver, or platinum. […] Sew a piece of cloth over the metal to prevent direct contact with skin. It may also help to put two coats of clear nail polish on metal that touches skin. […] Place a nickel-free case around your child’s tablet or phone that covers the parts made of metal. […] Advise your child not to keep loose coins and keys in pockets.

• #33 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #34 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #35 Nickel Allergy: Rash, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17842-nickel-allergy

  Steps you can take to prevent nickel allergy include: […] Avoid foods rich in nickel if you’re highly sensitive. […] Choose jewelry that doesn’t contain nickel. Wear jewelry made from copper, platinum, sterling silver, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium or 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may include nickel. […] Opt for household items like kitchen tools, keys, pots and pans, and razors that don’t contain nickel. Brass, silicone, stainless steel and titanium are good alternatives. […] Place protective covers on cell phones, laptops and tablets. […] Select watchbands made from cloth, leather or plastic. […] Use plastic belt buckles, bra hooks, buttons, snaps and zippers. […] You also can take steps to prevent nickel allergy by talking with service providers: […] Ask your orthodontist if your braces may contain nickel before getting them. […] Ensure that piercing or tattoo providers use surgical-grade stainless-steel instruments that don’t contain nickel. […] Make sure your eyeglasses don’t contain nickel before you buy them. Purchase glasses made from plastic or titanium instead.

• #36

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Nickel-Allergy.aspx

  Avoid sitting on metal chairs or plastic chairs with metal tabs while wearing shorts. […] Avoid ear piercing, at least until after a child is past the age when they might get braces. […] Cosmetics and other beauty products that contain metal should be avoided. […] Particularly if a child has a known nickel allergy, it might be useful to avoid foods that contain nickel. […] Run tap water for a few seconds before washing, drinking, and cooking to help flush out any nickel that can leach from pipes and fixtures. […] Teens and young adults who are allergic to nickel should use extra caution if they are considering getting tattoos, since some inks contain nickel.

• #37

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Nickel-Allergy.aspx

  For children allergic to nickel, anything from jeans with metal buttons to handheld electronics can cause a red, itchy rash. […] Although there is no cure for nickel allergy, here are a few ways to help prevent reactions: […] Avoid clothing with metal buttons, snaps, rivets and zippers. Look for belts, watches and jewelry and other accessories that are labeled „nickel-free,” or buy items that are hypoallergenic are or made of surgical-grade stainless steel, gold, silver, or platinum. […] Sew a piece of cloth over the metal to prevent direct contact with skin. It may also help to put two coats of clear nail polish on metal that touches skin. […] Place a nickel-free case around your child’s tablet or phone that covers the parts made of metal. […] Advise your child not to keep loose coins and keys in pockets.

• #38 Nickel Allergies Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/nickel

  While the allergy itself cant be prevented, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction to nickel is to avoid all objects containing it. Always check with the manufacturer, retailer, or label to find out if an item is made of or contains nickel before you buy or use it. […] Talk to your doctor about avoiding these foods if youre allergic to nickel. People with a nickel allergy should also: abstain from using stainless steel cooking equipment, avoid wearing jewelry containing nickel or getting a body piercing, avoid wearing clothing with plastic or coated zippers and buttons, check with an orthodontist about nickel before getting orthodontic braces, ask an ophthalmologist if eyeglasses contain nickel before buying them, tell doctors about a nickel allergy before having any surgeries. […] If you have a nickel allergy and work in an industry where youre frequently exposed to nickel, talk to your employer and your doctor. They can help you determine a plan moving forward for avoiding nickel and preventing an allergic reaction.

• #39 Nickel allergy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nickel-allergy?content_id=CON-20157225

  The best strategy to prevent a nickel allergy from developing is to avoid prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. […] However, it’s not always easy to avoid nickel because it’s present in so many products. Home test kits are available to check for nickel in metal items. […] The following tips may help you avoid nickel exposure: […] Avoid jewelry that contains nickel. Purchase jewelry that’s made of materials that aren’t likely to cause allergic reactions. Look for jewelry made from such metals as nickel-free stainless steel, surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, 18-karat yellow gold, or nickel-free yellow gold and sterling silver. […] Before getting a piercing, check to be sure the studio uses sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles in sealed packages. […] Look for safer substitutes for common nickel-containing items: […] If you have to be exposed to nickel at work, creating a barrier between you and the nickel may help. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help.

• #40

  https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=244&toxid=44

  Nickel allergy is estimated to affect 416% of the global population. […] You may eliminate or reduce the risk of an allergic skin reaction by avoiding direct and prolonged skin contact with high nickel-releasing items such as jewelry and instead purchasing items that are made with surgical stainless steel or are labelled hypoallergenic. […] If you work with nickel, be sure to wear the necessary protective clothing and equipment and always follow safety procedures, including showering and changing your clothes before you go home each day.

• #41 Nickel Allergy – ECARF

  https://www.ecarf.org/en/information-portal/allergies-overview/nickel-allergy/

  Nickel is the most common contact allergen in the world. […] The EU nickel directive stipulates that nickel-containing products intended for direct and prolonged contact with the skin may release no more than 0.5 g Ni/cm2/week. […] The most effective method for relieving symptoms is to avoid the allergy-triggering substance. People who are allergic to nickel should stay away from everyday objects containing nickel and avoid prolonged skin contact. If contact cannot be avoided completely, safety measures such as gloves or protective clothing can help. […] In rare cases, the nickel content in food can exacerbate eczema in patients with a severe nickel allergy. But before putting such patients on a low nickel diet, a doctor should perform an oral provocation test with nickel. The thresholds and trigger foods vary by individual, and patients should therefore seek the help of a nutrition specialist in order to determine which foods are safe and which need to be avoided.

• #42 Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31994473/

  Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). […] Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient’s education about the possible use of alternative products. […] A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. […] This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.

• #43 Nickel Allergy Treatment Boston | Metal Allergy DermatologistNickel Allergy Treatment Boston | Metal Allergy Dermatologist

  https://www.dermboston.com/dermatology-services-boston/medical-treatments/nickel-allergy/

  A common skin allergy that appears as a rash after exposure to anything containing nickel such as jewelry, cell phones, eyeglasses, etc. […] Nickel allergy remains for life but can be controlled. […] Avoid jewelry, clothing snaps, cell phones are other nickel containing products. […] Avoid jewelry containing nickel. […] Avoid nickel-rich foods such as fish and chocolate since foods with a high nickel content could also cause a rash in patients with a nickel allergy.

• #44 Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31994473/

  Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). […] Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient’s education about the possible use of alternative products. […] A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. […] This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.

• #45

  https://www.prevention.com/health/a20453150/one-in-ten-women-are-allergic-to-nickel/

  According to a recent study in the International Journal of Dermatology, 1 in 10 women are allergic to nickel but only 2% of men are. […] Nickel allergies are responsible for unsightly rashes, some eczema, and blisters at the site of contact. […] The UK has been on the case for years, having banned the use of nickel in products that involve prolonged skin exposure in 2000. […] Heres how to limit your exposure to nickel without taking a permanent vacation across the pond: […] One fix: Make wearing only hypoallergenic jewelry a habit. […] If you need another reason to drop the habit: Theres nickel in your cigs, which means smoking ups your nickel levels. […] Let your water run for a few seconds before filling a glass, and consider getting a water filter to remove the metal. […] Opt for mineral makeup without iron-oxide pigments, or ask your makeup companies if their products contain nickel. […] it may be helpful to avoid nickel-rich foods, such as fish, canned veggies and fruit, and chocolate.

• #46 Nickel Allergy – ECARF

  https://www.ecarf.org/en/information-portal/allergies-overview/nickel-allergy/

  Nickel is the most common contact allergen in the world. […] The EU nickel directive stipulates that nickel-containing products intended for direct and prolonged contact with the skin may release no more than 0.5 g Ni/cm2/week. […] The most effective method for relieving symptoms is to avoid the allergy-triggering substance. People who are allergic to nickel should stay away from everyday objects containing nickel and avoid prolonged skin contact. If contact cannot be avoided completely, safety measures such as gloves or protective clothing can help. […] In rare cases, the nickel content in food can exacerbate eczema in patients with a severe nickel allergy. But before putting such patients on a low nickel diet, a doctor should perform an oral provocation test with nickel. The thresholds and trigger foods vary by individual, and patients should therefore seek the help of a nutrition specialist in order to determine which foods are safe and which need to be avoided.

• #47 Nickel Allergy – ECARF

  https://www.ecarf.org/en/information-portal/allergies-overview/nickel-allergy/

  Nickel is the most common contact allergen in the world. […] The EU nickel directive stipulates that nickel-containing products intended for direct and prolonged contact with the skin may release no more than 0.5 g Ni/cm2/week. […] The most effective method for relieving symptoms is to avoid the allergy-triggering substance. People who are allergic to nickel should stay away from everyday objects containing nickel and avoid prolonged skin contact. If contact cannot be avoided completely, safety measures such as gloves or protective clothing can help. […] In rare cases, the nickel content in food can exacerbate eczema in patients with a severe nickel allergy. But before putting such patients on a low nickel diet, a doctor should perform an oral provocation test with nickel. The thresholds and trigger foods vary by individual, and patients should therefore seek the help of a nutrition specialist in order to determine which foods are safe and which need to be avoided.

• #48 High Prevalence of Nickel Allergy in an Overweight Female Population: A Pilot Observational Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123265

  In our Allergy Unit, we incidentally observed that a low Nickel diet, prescribed for delayed allergy to Nickel sulfate, reduced body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in overweight patients. […] We also had the chance to report the efficacy of a low Nickel diet on BMI and waist circumference in Nickel-sensitive overweight subjects. […] According to the current guidance for Nickel allergy treatment, a normocaloric balanced diet, formulated to be low only in Nickel (80-100 g/daily), was prescribed to allergic overweight patients. […] A low Nickel diet is the standard therapy for sensitive patients with dermatitis associated with systemic manifestations. […] When a normocaloric diet, formulated to be low only in Nickel (100 g/daily), was prescribed to allergic overweight females as the established therapy for their allergy, they manifested a reduction in body mass index and waist circumference in the first three months of diet, and this reduction was maintained stable at six months of follow up.

• #49 High Prevalence of Nickel Allergy in an Overweight Female Population: A Pilot Observational Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123265

  In our Allergy Unit, we incidentally observed that a low Nickel diet, prescribed for delayed allergy to Nickel sulfate, reduced body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in overweight patients. […] We also had the chance to report the efficacy of a low Nickel diet on BMI and waist circumference in Nickel-sensitive overweight subjects. […] According to the current guidance for Nickel allergy treatment, a normocaloric balanced diet, formulated to be low only in Nickel (80-100 g/daily), was prescribed to allergic overweight patients. […] A low Nickel diet is the standard therapy for sensitive patients with dermatitis associated with systemic manifestations. […] When a normocaloric diet, formulated to be low only in Nickel (100 g/daily), was prescribed to allergic overweight females as the established therapy for their allergy, they manifested a reduction in body mass index and waist circumference in the first three months of diet, and this reduction was maintained stable at six months of follow up.

• #50 High Prevalence of Nickel Allergy in an Overweight Female Population: A Pilot Observational Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123265

  This pilot observational analysis showed a substantially higher prevalence of Nickel allergy among overweight females, especially those with metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease. A normocaloric low Nickel diet was effective in reducing BMI in this population. Further research is strongly needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

• #51

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Nickel-Allergy.aspx

  Avoid sitting on metal chairs or plastic chairs with metal tabs while wearing shorts. […] Avoid ear piercing, at least until after a child is past the age when they might get braces. […] Cosmetics and other beauty products that contain metal should be avoided. […] Particularly if a child has a known nickel allergy, it might be useful to avoid foods that contain nickel. […] Run tap water for a few seconds before washing, drinking, and cooking to help flush out any nickel that can leach from pipes and fixtures. […] Teens and young adults who are allergic to nickel should use extra caution if they are considering getting tattoos, since some inks contain nickel.

• #52 Nickel Allergies Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/nickel

  While the allergy itself cant be prevented, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction to nickel is to avoid all objects containing it. Always check with the manufacturer, retailer, or label to find out if an item is made of or contains nickel before you buy or use it. […] Talk to your doctor about avoiding these foods if youre allergic to nickel. People with a nickel allergy should also: abstain from using stainless steel cooking equipment, avoid wearing jewelry containing nickel or getting a body piercing, avoid wearing clothing with plastic or coated zippers and buttons, check with an orthodontist about nickel before getting orthodontic braces, ask an ophthalmologist if eyeglasses contain nickel before buying them, tell doctors about a nickel allergy before having any surgeries. […] If you have a nickel allergy and work in an industry where youre frequently exposed to nickel, talk to your employer and your doctor. They can help you determine a plan moving forward for avoiding nickel and preventing an allergic reaction.

• #53 Nickel allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_allergy

  Nickel has a wide utility of application in manufactured metals because it is both strong and malleable, leading to ubiquitous presence and the potential for consumers to be in contact with it daily. However, for those who have the rash of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a nickel allergy, it can be a challenge to avoid. Foods, common kitchen utensils, cell phones, jewelry, and many other items may contain nickel and be a source of irritation due to the allergic reaction caused by the absorption of free released nickel through direct and prolonged contact. The most appropriate measure for nickel-allergic persons is to prevent contact with the allergen. […] In 2011, researchers showed that applying a thin layer of glycerine emollient containing nanoparticles of either calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate on an isolated piece of pig skin (in vitro) and on the skin of mice (in vivo) prevents the penetration of nickel ions into the skin. The nanoparticles capture nickel ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions that can cause skin irritation.

• #54 Nickel allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_allergy

  Nickel has a wide utility of application in manufactured metals because it is both strong and malleable, leading to ubiquitous presence and the potential for consumers to be in contact with it daily. However, for those who have the rash of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a nickel allergy, it can be a challenge to avoid. Foods, common kitchen utensils, cell phones, jewelry, and many other items may contain nickel and be a source of irritation due to the allergic reaction caused by the absorption of free released nickel through direct and prolonged contact. The most appropriate measure for nickel-allergic persons is to prevent contact with the allergen. […] In 2011, researchers showed that applying a thin layer of glycerine emollient containing nanoparticles of either calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate on an isolated piece of pig skin (in vitro) and on the skin of mice (in vivo) prevents the penetration of nickel ions into the skin. The nanoparticles capture nickel ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions that can cause skin irritation.

• #55 Nickel allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_allergy

  Nickel has a wide utility of application in manufactured metals because it is both strong and malleable, leading to ubiquitous presence and the potential for consumers to be in contact with it daily. However, for those who have the rash of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a nickel allergy, it can be a challenge to avoid. Foods, common kitchen utensils, cell phones, jewelry, and many other items may contain nickel and be a source of irritation due to the allergic reaction caused by the absorption of free released nickel through direct and prolonged contact. The most appropriate measure for nickel-allergic persons is to prevent contact with the allergen. […] In 2011, researchers showed that applying a thin layer of glycerine emollient containing nanoparticles of either calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate on an isolated piece of pig skin (in vitro) and on the skin of mice (in vivo) prevents the penetration of nickel ions into the skin. The nanoparticles capture nickel ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions that can cause skin irritation.

• #56 Preventing nickel allergy using various topcoats for decorative items – Research Outreach

  https://researchoutreach.org/articles/preventing-nickel-allergy/

  Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of skin reaction that can be aggravated by nickel causing the skin to become red and itchy. The aim of these coatings is to keep the concentration of nickel comfortably under the REACH (the EU Commissions Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) safety restrictions and thus minimise the risk of nickel allergy. […] A collaboration between Dr William Y.Lo and Clive Whittington aims to improve the use of nickel in the marketplace and help prevent nickel allergy. […] Clive Whittington and Dr William Lo evaluated non-nickel surface coatings which enable nickel-containing consumer products to be safely placed on the market without concern for nickel release. Such products must comply with specific regulations covered by the EU Nickel Restrictions which impose limits on the amount of nickel released from articles intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with skin (like the back of a watch).

• #57 Preventing nickel allergy using various topcoats for decorative items – Research Outreach

  https://researchoutreach.org/articles/preventing-nickel-allergy/

  The researchers found regular hexavalent chromium, microporous trivalent chromium from a chloride electrolyte, ultraviolet (UV) cured polyurethane electrophoretic coatings and an electrodeposited palladium barrier all prevent nickel release. Additionally, nickel-containing stainless steel with or without a PVD TiN coating readily passed the CEN nickel release tests. The results of this work mean these coatings and alloys can be used for decorative articles that are sold in the market without concerns about nickel release exceeding the recommended limits.

• #58 Preventing nickel allergy using various topcoats for decorative items – Research Outreach

  https://researchoutreach.org/articles/preventing-nickel-allergy/

  The researchers found regular hexavalent chromium, microporous trivalent chromium from a chloride electrolyte, ultraviolet (UV) cured polyurethane electrophoretic coatings and an electrodeposited palladium barrier all prevent nickel release. Additionally, nickel-containing stainless steel with or without a PVD TiN coating readily passed the CEN nickel release tests. The results of this work mean these coatings and alloys can be used for decorative articles that are sold in the market without concerns about nickel release exceeding the recommended limits.

• #59 Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03641-0

  Metal allergy is one of the typical disorders of the immune system, is a major challenge in the application of dental/medical materials. […] Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. […] We hypothesized that there is an association between Sema3A and metal allergy, which has not been reported. […] Our results suggest that inhibition of Sema3A expression may have suppressed TNF- secretion by inhibiting p38 in keratinocytes. […] Therefore, in the Sema3A cKO mice, the Th1 response is likely suppressed and the alteration in balance of the Th1/Th2 response might have led to an alleviated Ni allergy reaction. […] It is conceivable that Sema3A has the potential to be further developed to provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for metal allergy.

• #60 Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03641-0

  Metal allergy is one of the typical disorders of the immune system, is a major challenge in the application of dental/medical materials. […] Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. […] We hypothesized that there is an association between Sema3A and metal allergy, which has not been reported. […] Our results suggest that inhibition of Sema3A expression may have suppressed TNF- secretion by inhibiting p38 in keratinocytes. […] Therefore, in the Sema3A cKO mice, the Th1 response is likely suppressed and the alteration in balance of the Th1/Th2 response might have led to an alleviated Ni allergy reaction. […] It is conceivable that Sema3A has the potential to be further developed to provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for metal allergy.

• #61 Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03641-0

  Metal allergy is one of the typical disorders of the immune system, is a major challenge in the application of dental/medical materials. […] Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. […] We hypothesized that there is an association between Sema3A and metal allergy, which has not been reported. […] Our results suggest that inhibition of Sema3A expression may have suppressed TNF- secretion by inhibiting p38 in keratinocytes. […] Therefore, in the Sema3A cKO mice, the Th1 response is likely suppressed and the alteration in balance of the Th1/Th2 response might have led to an alleviated Ni allergy reaction. […] It is conceivable that Sema3A has the potential to be further developed to provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for metal allergy.

• #62 Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03641-0

  Metal allergy is one of the typical disorders of the immune system, is a major challenge in the application of dental/medical materials. […] Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. […] We hypothesized that there is an association between Sema3A and metal allergy, which has not been reported. […] Our results suggest that inhibition of Sema3A expression may have suppressed TNF- secretion by inhibiting p38 in keratinocytes. […] Therefore, in the Sema3A cKO mice, the Th1 response is likely suppressed and the alteration in balance of the Th1/Th2 response might have led to an alleviated Ni allergy reaction. […] It is conceivable that Sema3A has the potential to be further developed to provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for metal allergy.

• #63 Metal Allergy – Allergy Asthma & Immunology

  https://mccallergy.com/metal-allergy

  A metal allergy is an adverse reaction to metals that most people are exposed to regularly, such as gold, platinum, and nickel. […] The prevention and management of a metal allergy largely depend on the severity of the allergy. In many cases, treatment methods aim to reduce metal allergy symptoms. These may include antihistamines, topical creams, or immunotherapy. […] Topical creams coat the skin with an oily substance that prevents contact with metal allergens. Antihistamines help reduce itching and allergic reactions by blocking histamine release from mast cells. […] A standard treatment method for mild allergies is oral antihistamines such as Allegra (fexofenadine) or Claritin (loratadine).

• #64 Nickel allergy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351534

  The first step in treating nickel allergy is avoiding contact with the metal. There’s no cure for nickel allergy. Once you develop a sensitivity to nickel, you’ll develop a rash (contact dermatitis) whenever you come into contact with the metal. […] You may use some of the following treatments at home to treat contact dermatitis due to nickel allergy. If these treatments don’t help or the rash worsens, contact your doctor. Home remedies include the following: […] Avoid certain over-the-counter ointments, such as antibiotic creams, which may contain ingredients particularly neomycin that can worsen an allergic reaction.

• #65 Nickel allergy: Symptoms, treatment, and what to avoid

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321400

  The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with products containing nickel. […] The best way to manage a nickel allergy is to avoid anything containing the metal. […] There is no cure for an allergy to nickel. The best way to prevent a reaction is to avoid the allergen.

• #66 Nickel Allergy Symptoms & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/nickel-allergy

  Nickel avoidance is the best means of preventing an adverse reaction. Here are some steps you can take to lessen your risk: […] There is no long-term fix for a nickel allergy. It is possible, however, to control nickel allergies, with a combination of symptom treatment and prevention.

• #67 Jewelry allergy. Jewellery allergy

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/jewellery-allergy

  If you have a jewellery allergy, a dermatologist can perform a skin patch test to determine if you have a metal allergy. Once your nickel or cobalt allergy is confirmed, it is essential to avoid contact with that metal. The following tips may help when purchasing jewellery. […] Look for jewellery that is hypoallergenic, i.e. made of stainless steel, at least 18-karat gold, sterling silver, or polycarbonate plastic. […] Test your metal items to see if they contain nickel or cobalt. Obtain a testing kit from your dermatologist, pharmacist, or online.

• #68

  https://www.prevention.com/health/a20436701/nickel-in-blackberries-and-smart-phones-cause-skin-allergies/

  Is your smart phone making you itch? Approximately one-third of all Blackberries contain nickel, one of the most common allergens that causes contact dermatitis, according to new data presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (ACAAI). […] If your skin’s in contact with the metal for too long, you could develop an allergy to it, according to the Mayo Clinic. […] There’s no cure for a nickel allergy, so your best bet is to eliminate the nickel-contaminated substance that’s giving you fits, says Dr. Mucci. Translation: Out with your Blackberry, in with another smart phone. […] Not sure whether it’s an allergic reaction or just dry skin? See your doctor for a patch test, suggests Dr. Mucci. Your doc will place small quantities of potential allergens (including nickel) on your skin, and leave them on for two days to test for a reaction.

• #69

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/Nickel-Allergic-Contact-Dermatitis.aspx

  Nickel is the No. 1 confirmed contact allergen nationwide in all age groups. […] A new American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement, Nickel-Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Identification, Treatment, and Prevention,” reported in the May 2020 Pediatrics journal calls on the U.S. government to enforce protective regulations regarding nickel used in clothing and jewelry to reduce allergic risk potential. […] The AAP policy recommends the U.S. adopt similar regulation.

• #70

  https://www.wyndly.com/blogs/learn/nickel-allergy?srsltid=AfmBOoqo41k8hPrNffzVLjhfu4LZaXKgKeF7t4QEsr5Y_HQGLVXkbR0E

  Nickel allergy prevention primarily involves avoiding all contact with nickel. Since nickel is common in many everyday items, this can require careful scrutiny of products before use. Educating oneself about which items commonly contain nickel can significantly reduce the chances of developing an allergy. […] Remember, nickel allergy develops after repeated or prolonged exposure to items containing nickel. Therefore, minimizing contact with nickel-containing items is the most effective prevention strategy. If you suspect you may have developed a nickel allergy, seeking advice from a healthcare professional is crucial to manage symptoms effectively and prevent further allergic reactions.

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