Afazja
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Afazja poudarowa stanowi poważne powikłanie neurologiczne, które znacząco wpływa na rokowanie i jakość życia pacjentów. Kluczowymi czynnikami prognostycznymi są lokalizacja i rozmiar uszkodzenia mózgu, wyjściowa ciężkość afazji, wiek pacjenta, poziom wykształcenia oraz rodzaj udaru (krwotoczny vs niedokrwienny). Największa poprawa funkcji językowych obserwowana jest w ciągu pierwszych kilku miesięcy po incydencie, z osiągnięciem plateau około 12 miesięcy. Modele prognostyczne, takie jak SPEAK-6 i SPEAK-12, umożliwiają ocenę długoterminowych wyników terapii, choć wymagają dalszej walidacji, zwłaszcza pod kątem czasu oceny wyników. Wczesne funkcjonalne neuroobrazowanie, zwłaszcza aktywacja lewego tylnego dolnego zakrętu skroniowego, poprawia dokładność predykcji wyników językowych.

Prognozy dla afazji – przewidywanie wyników

Afazja jest jednym z najpoważniejszych i najbardziej obawianych następstw udaru mózgu i innych urazów mózgu. To zaburzenie mowy może mieć dewastujący wpływ na życie pacjenta, a osoby z afazją poudarową charakteryzują się wyższą chorobowością i śmiertelnością w porównaniu do pacjentów poudarowych bez afazji1. Przewidywanie rokowania w afazji stanowi kluczowy element postępowania klinicznego, jednak właściwe określenie perspektyw poprawy funkcji językowych pozostaje złożonym wyzwaniem ze względu na liczne czynniki wpływające na proces zdrowienia2.

Czynniki determinujące rokowanie

Rokowanie w afazji zależy w dużej mierze od etiologii leżącej u podstaw schorzenia. Najlepiej poznany jest przebieg afazji w chorobach naczyniowych mózgu3. Wyniki badań wskazują na kilka kluczowych czynników wpływających na prognozę:

  • Lokalizacja i rozmiar zmiany – rozległe uszkodzenia w lewej półkuli mózgu z afazją globalną mają znacznie gorsze rokowanie niż małe zmiany podkorowe z anomią4
  • Wyjściowa ciężkość afazji – silnie koreluje z długoterminowym deficytem; pacjenci z łagodniejszymi objawami na początku mają największe szanse na całkowity powrót do zdrowia56
  • Baseline fonologiczny – komponent językowy najbardziej predykcyjny dla poprawy po roku7
  • Wiek – młodszy wiek wiąże się z lepszymi wynikami po roku89
  • Wykształcenie – wyższy poziom edukacji koreluje z lepszymi wynikami10
  • Rodzaj udaru – krwotoczny (w przeciwieństwie do niedokrwiennego) może mieć lepsze rokowanie11
  • Wskaźnik Barthela – wyższy wskaźnik oznacza lepsze rokowanie12

Warto zaznaczyć, że badania pokazują, podobnie jak w przypadku funkcji motorycznych, istnieje wysoce przewidywalny związek między poprawą afazji a początkowym stopniem upośledzenia, który ma charakter proporcjonalny13. Porównywalność odzyskiwania sprawności motorycznej i językowej sugeruje, że wspólne mechanizmy mogą regulować redukcję poudarowych zaburzeń neurologicznych w różnych domenach funkcjonalnych14.

Czasowy przebieg zdrowienia

Większość pacjentów z afazją poudarową doświadcza pewnego stopnia poprawy, jednak przebieg czasowy tego procesu wykazuje charakterystyczny wzorzec15:

  • Największa poprawa następuje w ciągu pierwszych kilku miesięcy16
  • Proces zdrowienia zazwyczaj osiąga płaskowyż po roku17
  • W fazie podostrej (około 2 tygodnie po udarze) pacjenci z cięższymi zaburzeniami bezpośrednio po udarze mogą wykazywać silniejszą spontaniczną poprawę18

Co istotne, nawet pacjenci ze znaczną afazją mogą odnieść korzyści z intensywnych schematów leczenia, również po okresie spontanicznego zdrowienia19. Mniejsze badania u pacjentów z afazją wynikającą z pourazowego uszkodzenia mózgu wskazują, że przebieg kliniczny jest podobny do afazji poudarowej20.

Modele prognostyczne afazji

Wobec złożoności czynników wpływających na rokowanie w afazji, opracowano specjalne modele prognostyczne mające na celu przewidywanie długoterminowych wyników terapii. Przykładem takiego narzędzia jest model SPEAK (Sequential Prognostic Evaluation of Aphasia after stroKe)21.

Model SPEAK

Model SPEAK został opracowany do przewidywania długoterminowych wyników afazji spowodowanej udarem22. W procesie walidacji tego modelu wyróżniono dwie wersje:

  • SPEAK-12 – oryginalna wersja modelu, przewidująca wyniki po 12 miesiącach, charakteryzująca się dobrymi właściwościami dyskryminacyjnymi2324
  • SPEAK-6 – zaktualizowana wersja modelu dostosowana do przewidywania wyników po 6 miesiącach od udaru2526

Przeprowadzone badania walidacyjne wykazały, że model SPEAK bardzo dobrze różnicuje między dobrym (ASRS 4 lub 5) a złym (ASRS <4) wynikiem. Kalibracja była jednak początkowo nieoptymalna, ponieważ model był zbyt optymistyczny w przewidywaniu pozytywnych wyników afazji, częściowo ze względu na różnicę w czasie oceny wyników (1 rok w SPEAK vs 6 miesięcy w badaniu walidacyjnym RATS-3)27.

Autorzy badania zalecają dalszą zewnętrzną walidację zarówno SPEAK-12, jak i SPEAK-6, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem czynnika czasu, ponieważ czas po wystąpieniu udaru, w którym zbierane są dane dotyczące predyktorów i wyników, okazuje się kluczowy dla odpowiedniej walidacji modelu28.

Biomarkery neuroobrazowe

Coraz większe znaczenie w prognozowaniu wyników afazji mają techniki neuroobrazowe. Badania z wykorzystaniem funkcjonalnego obrazowania mózgu pokazują, że:29

  • Wynik językowy wiązał się ze zwiększeniem aktywacji w lewym i prawym tylnym dolnym zakręcie skroniowym w ciągu pierwszego roku
  • Zwiększenie aktywacji w prawym dolnym zakręcie czołowym było odwrotnie skorelowane z poprawą funkcji językowych
  • Predykcja wyników poprawiła się dzięki dodaniu wczesnej aktywacji językowej lewego tylnego dolnego zakrętu skroniowego do modelu regresji z początkową wydajnością językową jako pierwszym predyktorem

Badania te sugerują, że wczesne funkcjonalne obrazowanie neuroanatomiczne poprawia przewidywanie wyników afazji po udarze, a ocena aktywacji funkcjonalnej nienaruszonych obszarów sieci językowej może dodatkowo pomóc w przewidywaniu wyników30.

Przewidywanie odpowiedzi na terapię

Dokładne przewidywanie odpowiedzi na leczenie u osób z afazją jest ważne dla klinicystów, aby móc zidentyfikować, kto odniesie korzyści z terapii, a kto nie31. Jednak przewidywanie odpowiedzi na leczenie w afazji jest trudne ze względu na złożone współoddziaływanie różnych czynników32.

Czynniki wpływające na odpowiedź terapeutyczną

Na podstawie badań zidentyfikowano kilka czynników, które mogą determinować odpowiedź na terapię3334:

  • Czas od wystąpienia – wpływ czasu na wyniki terapii wymaga ostrożnej interpretacji; najnowsze badania sugerują, że poza okresem spontanicznego zdrowienia, czas od wystąpienia nie wydaje się być związany z odpowiedzią na terapię, szczególnie w przewlekłej fazie afazji35
  • Dawkowanie terapii – ilość i intensywność terapii logopedycznej (SLT) istotnie wpływa na wyniki leczenia; badania potwierdzają założenie, że głównie dawkowanie SLT wpływa na wyniki terapii36
  • Wyjściowy stopień nasilenia afazji – istnieją solidne dowody potwierdzające, że większe nasilenie afazji wiąże się z niższym wskaźnikiem spontanicznego zdrowienia i gorszą odpowiedzią na leczenie37
  • Indywidualna zmienność – wiek w momencie wystąpienia udaru, płeć, wykształcenie, lateralizacja, czynniki psychospołeczne, zdolności poznawcze i genetyka to czynniki, które mogą przewidywać wyniki leczenia38
  • Klasyfikacja afazji – jest ściśle związana z lokalizacją i rozmiarem zmiany oraz koreluje z ciężkością afazji, ale wpływ typu afazji na przewidywanie odpowiedzi na leczenie pozostaje niepewny39

Skuteczność intensywnej terapii

Badania wykazały, że intensywna terapia logopedyczna (SLT) jest skuteczna w przewlekłej fazie afazji40. Liczne badania potwierdzają skuteczność intensywnych protokołów SLT zarówno dla podostrej, jak i przewlekłej fazy afazji41.

W jednym z badań odsetek natychmiastowej odpowiedzi na intensywną terapię logopedyczną wyniósł 59%. Zaobserwowano znaczną poprawę we wszystkich podtestach i podskalach Aacheńskiego Testu Afazji (AAT), co wskazuje na szeroką skuteczność w różnych domenach językowych42. Wyniki te potwierdzają, że:

  • Stopień poprawy wywołanej terapią nie różnił się między grupami o różnym czasie trwania choroby43
  • Czas od wystąpienia, dawkowanie terapii i nasilenie afazji na początku leczenia były predyktorami natychmiastowej odpowiedzi na leczenie44
  • Wysokie wskaźniki odpowiedzi w grupie przewlekłej (60%) pokazują, że poprawa na poziomie indywidualnym jest nadal możliwa miesiące, a nawet lata po udarze45

Badania wskazują również, że domeny językowe podlegające poprawie mogą być zróżnicowane. Niedawny przegląd podsumował, że poprawa w zakresie nazywania jest najbardziej stabilnym wynikiem terapii w badaniach nad intensywnymi programami terapeutycznymi (ICAP)46. Jednakże niektóre badania wskazują, że inne domeny językowe poza produkcją mowy (tj. pisanie, czytanie i rozumienie), komunikacja funkcjonalna oraz jakość życia również mogą ulec poprawie u osób z przewlekłą afazją47.

Wyzwania i przyszłe perspektywy

Pomimo postępów w rozumieniu czynników prognostycznych w afazji, nadal istnieją znaczące wyzwania w dokładnym przewidywaniu indywidualnych wyników48.

Ograniczenia obecnych modeli prognostycznych

Wiarygodne podejścia do przewidywania odpowiedzi na leczenie afazji pozostają trudne do ustalenia ze względu na złożony i heterogeniczny charakter tego nabytego schorzenia49. Wśród głównych wyzwań wymienia się:

  • Złożoność interakcji między różnymi czynnikami wpływającymi na zdrowienie
  • Heterogeniczność populacji pacjentów z afazją
  • Różnorodność metodologiczna w badaniach nad afazją
  • Trudności w standaryzacji miar wyników leczenia

Jednym z kluczowych wyzwań jest wybór odpowiednich miar wyników leczenia. Najprostszą odpowiedzią wydaje się być surowy wynik różnicowy (zmiany) między pomiarem przed leczeniem a pomiarem po leczeniu. Im większa zmiana, tym silniejsza odpowiedź na leczenie50. Jednocześnie badacze wskazują na problemy z niektórymi miarami zmiany, które są bezpośrednio ważone przez początkową ciężkość, co może prowadzić do błędnych wniosków51.

Przyszłe kierunki badań

Integracja podejść multimodalnych, które łączą różne źródła danych (np. biomarkery, pomiary behawioralne i neuroobrazowe), jest obiecującym kierunkiem w udoskonalaniu modeli predykcyjnych zdrowienia afazji i dostosowywaniu interwencji do indywidualnych potrzeb, co ostatecznie optymalizuje procesy zdrowienia52.

Badania pokazują, że wczesne funkcjonalne obrazowanie neuroanatomiczne może poprawić przewidywanie wyników afazji po udarze53. Predykcja wyników językowych ulega poprawie poprzez dodanie stopnia aktywacji lewego tylnego dolnego zakrętu skroniowego podczas zadań językowych w fazie podostrej do modelu regresji obejmującego wiek, objętość zmiany i wyjściową wydajność językową54.

Wiedza o czasoprzestrzennych wzorcach zmian sieci językowej może pomóc w przewidywaniu wyniku u pacjentów z afazją poudarową, a ocena aktywacji funkcjonalnej nienaruszonych obszarów sieci językowej może dodatkowo pomóc w przewidywaniu wyników55.

Podsumowanie kliniczne

Przewidywanie rokowania w afazji pozostaje złożonym wyzwaniem klinicznym, jednak na podstawie aktualnych badań można sformułować kilka kluczowych wniosków dla praktyki klinicznej:

  • Większość pacjentów z afazją poudarową doświadcza pewnego stopnia poprawy, przy czym największy postęp następuje w pierwszych miesiącach po incydencie56
  • Początkowa ciężkość afazji jest jednym z najsilniejszych predyktorów długoterminowych wyników5758
  • Lokalizacja i rozmiar zmiany neurologicznej istotnie wpływają na prognozę – duże uszkodzenia lewej półkuli mózgu wiążą się z gorszym rokowaniem59
  • Intensywna terapia logopedyczna przynosi korzyści nawet w przewlekłej fazie afazji, a wysokie wskaźniki odpowiedzi (około 60%) obserwuje się nawet miesiące lub lata po udarze60
  • Funkcjonalne badania neuroobrazowe mogą zwiększyć dokładność prognozowania, szczególnie gdy są wykonywane we wczesnej fazie po udarze61

Modele prognostyczne takie jak SPEAK-6 mogą być stosowane w codziennej praktyce klinicznej do różnicowania pacjentów z dobrym i złym rokowaniem językowym w 6 miesięcy po udarze, choć wymagają dalszej walidacji62. Zasadniczo, integracja danych klinicznych, demograficznych, neuropsychologicznych i neuroobrazowych oferuje najbardziej kompleksowe podejście do przewidywania wyników w afazji.

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  1. 13.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #2 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Aphasia is a serious consequence of stroke that results in a breakdown in communication. The course of aphasia recovery differs between afflicted individuals, and responsiveness to treatment cannot be predicted. […] The second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] As accurate prediction of treatment response in PWA is important (who benefits/who does not), the second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] It could be assumed that as several factors may influence treatment outcomes (e.g., age, type and severity of aphasia, comorbidities, motivation, and engagement), predictions can be made about who responds to aphasia treatment. Nonetheless, predicting aphasia recovery is inherently challenging due to the complex interplay of various factors.
  • #3 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #4 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #5 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #6 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #7 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #8 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #9 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #10 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #11 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #12 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #13 Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20538700/
    Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity. […] We show that, like motor recovery, there is a highly predictable relation between aphasia recovery and initial impairment, which is also proportional in nature. […] The comparability of recovery from motor and language impairment suggests that common mechanisms may govern reduction of poststroke neurologic impairment across different functional domains and that they could be the focus of therapeutic intervention.
  • #14 Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20538700/
    Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity. […] We show that, like motor recovery, there is a highly predictable relation between aphasia recovery and initial impairment, which is also proportional in nature. […] The comparability of recovery from motor and language impairment suggests that common mechanisms may govern reduction of poststroke neurologic impairment across different functional domains and that they could be the focus of therapeutic intervention.
  • #15 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #16 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #17 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #18 Aphasia treatment outcome measures – some are worse than others | C-STAR
    https://cstar.sc.edu/aphasia-treatment-outcome-measures-some-are-worse-than-others/
    To cut to the chase, among a few other predictors, by far the strongest predictor of the composite language score (CS) in the subacute phase turns out to be the CS that was obtained in the acute phase. Once again, severity predicts aphasia recovery, one is tempted to take home. […] The positive correlation, therefore, means that actual recovery in the subacute stage is indeed predicted by severity, but in the opposite direction of what we usually find in studies of chronic aphasia. […] Apparently, if anything, patients who are more severely impaired immediately post-stroke show a stronger spontaneous recovery in the subacute stage (two weeks post stroke) in this study. […] My two cents are that, if we do want to investigate to what extent baseline severity is a predictor for response to treatment, raw change scores still seem to be the most informative.
  • #19 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #20 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #21 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    About 30% of stroke patients suffer from aphasia. As aphasia strongly affects daily life, most patients request a prediction of outcome of their language function. Prognostic models provide predictions of outcome, but external validation is essential before models can be used in clinical practice. We aim to externally validate the prognostic model from the Sequential Prognostic Evaluation of Aphasia after stroKe (SPEAK-model) for predicting the long-term outcome of aphasia caused by stroke. […] The original model, renamed SPEAK-12, has good discriminative properties, but needs further external validation. After additional external validation, the updated SPEAK-model, SPEAK-6, may be used in daily practice to discriminate between patients with good and patients with poor outcome of aphasia at six months after stroke.
  • #22 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    About 30% of stroke patients suffer from aphasia. As aphasia strongly affects daily life, most patients request a prediction of outcome of their language function. Prognostic models provide predictions of outcome, but external validation is essential before models can be used in clinical practice. We aim to externally validate the prognostic model from the Sequential Prognostic Evaluation of Aphasia after stroKe (SPEAK-model) for predicting the long-term outcome of aphasia caused by stroke. […] The original model, renamed SPEAK-12, has good discriminative properties, but needs further external validation. After additional external validation, the updated SPEAK-model, SPEAK-6, may be used in daily practice to discriminate between patients with good and patients with poor outcome of aphasia at six months after stroke.
  • #23 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    About 30% of stroke patients suffer from aphasia. As aphasia strongly affects daily life, most patients request a prediction of outcome of their language function. Prognostic models provide predictions of outcome, but external validation is essential before models can be used in clinical practice. We aim to externally validate the prognostic model from the Sequential Prognostic Evaluation of Aphasia after stroKe (SPEAK-model) for predicting the long-term outcome of aphasia caused by stroke. […] The original model, renamed SPEAK-12, has good discriminative properties, but needs further external validation. After additional external validation, the updated SPEAK-model, SPEAK-6, may be used in daily practice to discriminate between patients with good and patients with poor outcome of aphasia at six months after stroke.
  • #24 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The original SPEAK-model, renamed SPEAK-12, performs well in predicting language outcome after 1 year in patients with aphasia due to stroke. As calibration was initially unsatisfactory, we propose an updated version of SPEAK-12 for the prediction of the probability of good language outcome at 6 months: SPEAK-6. Further external validation of SPEAK-12 and SPEAK-6 is recommended. Special attention should be given to timing, as time after stroke onset at which predictors and outcome data are collected appears crucial for adequate model validation. Our results show that SPEAK-6 may be used in daily practice to discriminate between stroke patients with good and patients with poor language outcome at 6 months after stroke.
  • #25 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The SPEAK-model performed very well in terms of discriminating between good (ASRS 4 or 5) and poor (ASRS 4) outcome. However, calibration was suboptimal, as it was overoptimistic in predicting good aphasia outcome, partly due to the difference in timing of the outcome which was 1 year in SPEAK and 6 months in RATS-3. Therefore, we proposed an updated version of the SPEAK-model for the prediction of outcome at 6 months. […] We therefore suggest an updated version, SPEAK-6, to predict outcome at 6 months. More extensive updating could imply refitting the models to the new dataset, to obtain new model coefficients. However, as the model discrimination was good, we updated only the intercept to make the model applicable to predict outcome at 6 months, when the average probability of a good outcome is lower than at 1 year. We recommend that the updated SPEAK-6 is validated in the future in new independent datasets.
  • #26 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The original SPEAK-model, renamed SPEAK-12, performs well in predicting language outcome after 1 year in patients with aphasia due to stroke. As calibration was initially unsatisfactory, we propose an updated version of SPEAK-12 for the prediction of the probability of good language outcome at 6 months: SPEAK-6. Further external validation of SPEAK-12 and SPEAK-6 is recommended. Special attention should be given to timing, as time after stroke onset at which predictors and outcome data are collected appears crucial for adequate model validation. Our results show that SPEAK-6 may be used in daily practice to discriminate between stroke patients with good and patients with poor language outcome at 6 months after stroke.
  • #27 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The SPEAK-model performed very well in terms of discriminating between good (ASRS 4 or 5) and poor (ASRS 4) outcome. However, calibration was suboptimal, as it was overoptimistic in predicting good aphasia outcome, partly due to the difference in timing of the outcome which was 1 year in SPEAK and 6 months in RATS-3. Therefore, we proposed an updated version of the SPEAK-model for the prediction of outcome at 6 months. […] We therefore suggest an updated version, SPEAK-6, to predict outcome at 6 months. More extensive updating could imply refitting the models to the new dataset, to obtain new model coefficients. However, as the model discrimination was good, we updated only the intercept to make the model applicable to predict outcome at 6 months, when the average probability of a good outcome is lower than at 1 year. We recommend that the updated SPEAK-6 is validated in the future in new independent datasets.
  • #28 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The original SPEAK-model, renamed SPEAK-12, performs well in predicting language outcome after 1 year in patients with aphasia due to stroke. As calibration was initially unsatisfactory, we propose an updated version of SPEAK-12 for the prediction of the probability of good language outcome at 6 months: SPEAK-6. Further external validation of SPEAK-12 and SPEAK-6 is recommended. Special attention should be given to timing, as time after stroke onset at which predictors and outcome data are collected appears crucial for adequate model validation. Our results show that SPEAK-6 may be used in daily practice to discriminate between stroke patients with good and patients with poor language outcome at 6 months after stroke.
  • #29 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #30 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #31 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Aphasia is a serious consequence of stroke that results in a breakdown in communication. The course of aphasia recovery differs between afflicted individuals, and responsiveness to treatment cannot be predicted. […] The second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] As accurate prediction of treatment response in PWA is important (who benefits/who does not), the second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] It could be assumed that as several factors may influence treatment outcomes (e.g., age, type and severity of aphasia, comorbidities, motivation, and engagement), predictions can be made about who responds to aphasia treatment. Nonetheless, predicting aphasia recovery is inherently challenging due to the complex interplay of various factors.
  • #32 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Aphasia is a serious consequence of stroke that results in a breakdown in communication. The course of aphasia recovery differs between afflicted individuals, and responsiveness to treatment cannot be predicted. […] The second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] As accurate prediction of treatment response in PWA is important (who benefits/who does not), the second aim of this study is to highlight the challenges related to the prediction of individualized aphasia treatment response. […] It could be assumed that as several factors may influence treatment outcomes (e.g., age, type and severity of aphasia, comorbidities, motivation, and engagement), predictions can be made about who responds to aphasia treatment. Nonetheless, predicting aphasia recovery is inherently challenging due to the complex interplay of various factors.
  • #33 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #34
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #35
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    The amount of improvements in the AAT profile level between pre- and post-treatment did not depend on the group of chronicity after individual correction for spontaneous recovery. […] The overall interaction tests for interaction with age, interaction with dosage of SLT and time post-onset were not statistically significant. […] Our results support the assumption that it is mainly the dosage of SLT that influences the outcome of therapy. […] High responder rates in the chronic subgroup (60%) show that improvement at the individual level is still possible months to even years after stroke. […] The careful interpretation of time post-onset as a predictor of therapy outcome is in line with a recent review which states that time post-onset does not seem to be related to therapy response beyond spontaneous recovery, specifically not in the chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #36
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    The amount of improvements in the AAT profile level between pre- and post-treatment did not depend on the group of chronicity after individual correction for spontaneous recovery. […] The overall interaction tests for interaction with age, interaction with dosage of SLT and time post-onset were not statistically significant. […] Our results support the assumption that it is mainly the dosage of SLT that influences the outcome of therapy. […] High responder rates in the chronic subgroup (60%) show that improvement at the individual level is still possible months to even years after stroke. […] The careful interpretation of time post-onset as a predictor of therapy outcome is in line with a recent review which states that time post-onset does not seem to be related to therapy response beyond spontaneous recovery, specifically not in the chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #37 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #38 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #39 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #40
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #41
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #42
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #43
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #44
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. […] Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. […] The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. […] The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. […] Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response. […] Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients. […] Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive SLT for the subacute and chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #45
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    The amount of improvements in the AAT profile level between pre- and post-treatment did not depend on the group of chronicity after individual correction for spontaneous recovery. […] The overall interaction tests for interaction with age, interaction with dosage of SLT and time post-onset were not statistically significant. […] Our results support the assumption that it is mainly the dosage of SLT that influences the outcome of therapy. […] High responder rates in the chronic subgroup (60%) show that improvement at the individual level is still possible months to even years after stroke. […] The careful interpretation of time post-onset as a predictor of therapy outcome is in line with a recent review which states that time post-onset does not seem to be related to therapy response beyond spontaneous recovery, specifically not in the chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #46
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    A recent review summarized that improvements in naming were the most robust findings of therapy outcomes in ICAP research. […] However, some studies indicate that other language domains apart from speech production (i.e., writing, reading, and comprehension), functional communication and quality of life can also improve in PWA with chronic aphasia. […] Our primary objective was the examination of immediate treatment-induced improvements, evaluated with a validated and standardized outcome measure (Aachen Aphasia Test, AAT) which allows comparisons at the group level but also psychometric single-case analysis. […] The responder rate was 63% using a liberal correction and did not fall beyond 57% using a conservative correction for the entire cohort. […] After correction for spontaneous recovery with the historical mean change score, 59% PWA showed significant improvements between pre- and post-treatment AAT, with the highest responder rate being in the early subacute group.
  • #47
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    A recent review summarized that improvements in naming were the most robust findings of therapy outcomes in ICAP research. […] However, some studies indicate that other language domains apart from speech production (i.e., writing, reading, and comprehension), functional communication and quality of life can also improve in PWA with chronic aphasia. […] Our primary objective was the examination of immediate treatment-induced improvements, evaluated with a validated and standardized outcome measure (Aachen Aphasia Test, AAT) which allows comparisons at the group level but also psychometric single-case analysis. […] The responder rate was 63% using a liberal correction and did not fall beyond 57% using a conservative correction for the entire cohort. […] After correction for spontaneous recovery with the historical mean change score, 59% PWA showed significant improvements between pre- and post-treatment AAT, with the highest responder rate being in the early subacute group.
  • #48 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #49 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #50 Aphasia treatment outcome measures – some are worse than others | C-STAR
    https://cstar.sc.edu/aphasia-treatment-outcome-measures-some-are-worse-than-others/
    One would hope that anyone who has been involved with aphasia treatment studies has at some point struggled with the question of what primary outcome measure to use. […] The simplest answer, I believe, is the raw difference (change) score between the pre-treatment measure and the post-treatment measure. The larger the change, the stronger the response to treatment. […] One of the strongest predictors of aphasia recovery happens to be the initial or baseline severity of the patient. In chronic aphasia, typically, patients with mild-moderate severity appear to respond better to interventions than more severely impaired patients. […] In this study, the authors set out to identify behavioral and neurological predictors of the severity of language impairment in the subacute stage post-stroke, so that is around 2 weeks post-stroke, based on immediately acute tests and measurements (obtained within 72 hours post-stroke).
  • #51 Aphasia treatment outcome measures – some are worse than others | C-STAR
    https://cstar.sc.edu/aphasia-treatment-outcome-measures-some-are-worse-than-others/
    Therefore, in recognition of the fact that all of these measures are flawed to different extents, and for different reasons, I also believe it is best to provide multiple measures in our reports, including the weighted change score. […] Whatever we choose, however, what we cannot do is (1) make unqualified claims about initial absolute severity predicting absolute severity at later stages, or (2) make unqualified claims about initial severity predicting change scores if those scores themselves are directly weighted by the initial severity in the first place.
  • #52 Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1674
    Individual variability plays an important role in therapy response. Age at stroke onset, sex, education, handedness, psychosocial factors, cognitive abilities, and genetics are all factors that may predict treatment outcomes. […] Aphasia classification is intricately linked to lesion location and lesion size and correlates with aphasia severity, but when it comes to predicting treatment response, the impact of aphasia type remains uncertain. […] There is robust evidence supporting that higher severity is associated with lower rates of spontaneous recovery and poorer response to treatment. […] Reliable approaches for predicting aphasia treatment response remain evasive due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this acquired condition. Integrating multimodal approaches that combine various data sources (e.g., biomarkers, behavioral and neuroimaging measures) holds promise in refining predictive models of aphasia recovery and tailoring interventions to individual needs, ultimately optimizing aphasia recovery.
  • #53 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #54 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #55 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #56 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #57 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment/print
    Aphasia can be a devastating condition and is one of the most feared consequences of cerebral infarction and other brain injuries. […] Patients with poststroke aphasia have greater morbidity and mortality than stroke patients without aphasia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. […] Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. […] The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. […] In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. […] Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery.
  • #58 Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20538700/
    Improvement in aphasia scores after stroke is well predicted by initial severity. […] We show that, like motor recovery, there is a highly predictable relation between aphasia recovery and initial impairment, which is also proportional in nature. […] The comparability of recovery from motor and language impairment suggests that common mechanisms may govern reduction of poststroke neurologic impairment across different functional domains and that they could be the focus of therapeutic intervention.
  • #59 Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aphasia-prognosis-and-treatment
    Aphasia: Prognosis and treatment […] PROGNOSIS […] Recovery from aphasia is influenced by lesion location and type of aphasia. As an example, large lesions in the left hemisphere with global aphasia have a much poorer recovery than small, subcortical lesions with anomia. […] The prognosis for aphasia recovery depends in large part upon the underlying etiology. This has been best studied in cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with poststroke aphasia improve to some extent. Most improvement occurs within the first few months and plateaus after one year. The severity of the initial aphasia strongly correlates with the long-term deficit; those with milder degrees of aphasia at onset are the most likely to recover completely. In one study of poststroke aphasia, baseline phonology was the linguistic component that was most predictive of recovery at one year; other factors associated with good one-year outcomes were younger age, higher Barthel Index, higher educational level, and hemorrhagic (as opposed to ischemic) stroke. Patients with significant aphasia may benefit from intensive treatment regimens even after the period of spontaneous recovery. Smaller studies in patients with aphasia resulting from traumatic brain injury indicate that the clinical course is similar to poststroke aphasia.
  • #60
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-024-12429-7
    The amount of improvements in the AAT profile level between pre- and post-treatment did not depend on the group of chronicity after individual correction for spontaneous recovery. […] The overall interaction tests for interaction with age, interaction with dosage of SLT and time post-onset were not statistically significant. […] Our results support the assumption that it is mainly the dosage of SLT that influences the outcome of therapy. […] High responder rates in the chronic subgroup (60%) show that improvement at the individual level is still possible months to even years after stroke. […] The careful interpretation of time post-onset as a predictor of therapy outcome is in line with a recent review which states that time post-onset does not seem to be related to therapy response beyond spontaneous recovery, specifically not in the chronic phase of aphasia.
  • #61 Etiology of language network changes during recovery of aphasia after stroke | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19302-4
    Knowledge of spatiotemporal patterns of language network changes may help in predicting outcome in aphasic stroke patients. […] Language outcome was related to increase of activation in left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus over the first year, while activation increase in right inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated to language recovery. […] Outcome prediction improved by addition of early language-induced activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus to a regression model with baseline language performance as first predictor. […] In conclusion, early functional neuroimaging improves outcome prediction of aphasia after stroke. […] Prediction of language outcome is improved by adding the extent of activation of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus during PWM in the subacute phase to a regression model including age, lesion volume, and language performance at baseline. […] Our study shows that assessment of functional activation of intact language network areas can further help in outcome prediction.
  • #62 Validation of a prediction model for long-term outcome of aphasia after stroke | BMC Neurology | Full Text
    https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-018-1174-5
    The original SPEAK-model, renamed SPEAK-12, performs well in predicting language outcome after 1 year in patients with aphasia due to stroke. As calibration was initially unsatisfactory, we propose an updated version of SPEAK-12 for the prediction of the probability of good language outcome at 6 months: SPEAK-6. Further external validation of SPEAK-12 and SPEAK-6 is recommended. Special attention should be given to timing, as time after stroke onset at which predictors and outcome data are collected appears crucial for adequate model validation. Our results show that SPEAK-6 may be used in daily practice to discriminate between stroke patients with good and patients with poor language outcome at 6 months after stroke.