Afazja
Epidemiologia

Afazja, będąca wyniszczającym zaburzeniem językowym po udarze mózgu, dotyka około 21-38% pacjentów z ostrym udarem niedokrwiennym, z roczną zapadalnością 43-60 przypadków na 100 000 mieszkańców w Europie i USA. Najczęstszym typem jest afazja globalna (25-66,4%), a ryzyko jej wystąpienia wzrasta z wiekiem, osiągając 43% u osób powyżej 85 lat. Kobiety mają 1,23-krotnie wyższe ryzyko afazji poudarowej niż mężczyźni (OR=1,23; 95% CI=1,19-1,29; P<0,001). Migotanie przedsionków znacząco zwiększa częstość afazji (22,2% vs. 7,6%). Afazja wiąże się z wydłużonym pobytem szpitalnym o średnio 1,86 dnia i wyższym wynikiem w zmodyfikowanej skali Rankina (wzrost o 1,49), co wskazuje na gorsze rokowanie i wyższe koszty opieki zdrowotnej. Poza udarem, afazja może wynikać z urazów głowy, guzów mózgu, chorób neurodegeneracyjnych czy infekcji, z częstością występowania od 1% do 50% w zależności od etiologii.

Epidemiologia afazji

Afazja jest jednym z najbardziej wyniszczających zaburzeń poznawczych występujących po udarze mózgu. Definicyjnie stanowi utratę lub upośledzenie zdolności językowych spowodowanych uszkodzeniem mózgu, wpływając na komunikację, funkcjonowanie społeczne oraz jakość życia pacjentów i ich opiekunów12. Problem ten dotyka znacznej części populacji, choć świadomość społeczna na jego temat pozostaje ograniczona.

Rozpowszechnienie afazji

Dane epidemiologiczne wskazują, że afazja dotyka około 2 milionów osób w Stanach Zjednoczonych i około 250 000 osób w Wielkiej Brytanii12. Co roku w Stanach Zjednoczonych diagnozuje się około 180 000 nowych przypadków afazji, z czego około 170 000 jest spowodowanych udarem mózgu12. Afazja występuje u jednego na 272 Amerykanów, co czyni ją częstszą niż wiele innych powszechnych schorzeń, w tym porażenie mózgowe, stwardnienie rozsiane, choroba Parkinsona czy dystrofia mięśniowa12.

W Indiach szacuje się, że liczba osób z afazją wynosi około 2 milionów, przy czym częstość występowania w społeczeństwie wynosi 3000 na milion mieszkańców1. Z kolei w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych roczna zapadalność na afazję poudarową szacowana jest na 43-60 przypadków na 100 000 mieszkańców1.

Afazja poudarowa

Udar mózgu jest najczęstszą przyczyną afazji12. Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że afazja występuje u 21-38% pacjentów z ostrym udarem mózgu12. Inne źródła podają, że około 25-40% osób, które przeżyły udar, rozwija afazję na skutek uszkodzenia obszarów mózgu odpowiedzialnych za przetwarzanie języka12.

W badaniu przeprowadzonym na geograficznie określonej populacji 188 015 mieszkańców, wśród 269 pacjentów z pierwszym w życiu udarem niedokrwiennym mózgu, u 80 (30%; 95% CI, 24 do 36) zdiagnozowano afazję. Całkowity współczynnik zapadalności na afazję spowodowaną pierwszym udarem niedokrwiennym wynosił 43 na 100 000 mieszkańców (95% CI, 33 do 52)12.

Typy afazji i ich występowanie

Afazja globalna jest najczęstszym typem afazji obserwowanym w ostrej fazie udaru mózgu, występującym z częstością około 25-66,4% przypadków12. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Egipcie, afazja globalna stanowiła 50,5% przypadków, po której następowała afazja ruchowa (27,8%) i afazja czuciowa (11,1%). Afazja przewodzeniowa i nominalna były rzadsze i występowały odpowiednio tylko u 8,3% i 2,8% pacjentów1.

W innym badaniu przeprowadzonym w Egipcie w Szpitalu Uniwersyteckim w Assiut, względna częstość występowania afazji naczyniowej wynosiła 7,1% i była częstsza wśród pacjentów płci męskiej (57,9%). Najczęstszym typem była afazja globalna (66,4%), po której następowała afazja prążkowiowa (11,2%), afazja Broca (8,4%), afazja wzgórzowa (4,7%), afazja Wernickego (2,8%), afazja transkorowa mieszana (1,9%) oraz afazja przewodzeniowa, transkorowa ruchowa, transkorowa czuciowa, anomia i afemia (po 0,9% dla każdego typu)1.

Czynniki ryzyka i demograficzne determinanty afazji

Wiek jest ważnym czynnikiem w epidemiologii afazji. Osoby w wieku 65 lat lub młodsze mają 15% szans na wystąpienie afazji poudarowej, podczas gdy osoby w wieku 85 lat lub starsze mają 43% szans na rozwój tego stanu1. Badania sugerują, że regeneracja po afazji spowodowanej udarem jest mniej korzystna u pacjentów powyżej 70 roku życia niż u młodszych pacjentów12.

Jeśli chodzi o różnice płciowe, metaanaliza obejmująca 168 259 pacjentów z udarem i 31 058 pacjentów z afazją poudarową wykazała, że ryzyko afazji poudarowej było 1,23 razy wyższe u kobiet niż u mężczyzn (OR=1,23, 95% CI=1,19-1,29, P<0,001), z częstością występowania afazji poudarowej wynoszącą 31% u mężczyzn i 36% u kobiet oraz ogólną częstością 34% (P<0,001)1. Średni wiek wystąpienia afazji u kobiet (78 lat) jest wyższy niż u mężczyzn (71 lat)1.

Migotanie przedsionków (AF) jest istotnym czynnikiem ryzyka udaru niedokrwiennego z afazją. Pacjenci z migotaniem przedsionków częściej prezentowali afazję (22,2% vs. 7,6%) i byli bardziej poważnie upośledzeni12.

Badania wykazały również, że zaawansowany wiek i kardioembolizm były związane ze zwiększonym ryzykiem afazji. Nasilenie i płynność afazji nie były jednak zależne od zmiennych demograficznych1.

Wpływ afazji na opiekę zdrowotną i wyniki leczenia

Afazja wiąże się z wysoką zachorowalnością i śmiertelnością zarówno krótko-, jak i długoterminową oraz zwiększonymi wydatkami na opiekę zdrowotną12. Pacjenci z afazją mają dłuższe pobyty w szpitalu i wyższe koszty opieki zdrowotnej1.

W badaniu oceniającym długość pobytu (LOS) i zmodyfikowaną skalę Rankina (mRS) przy wypisie u pacjentów z ostrym udarem niedokrwiennym z afazją, stwierdzono, że osoby z afazją miały o 1,86 dnia dłuższy pobyt w szpitalu niż osoby, które przeżyły udar bez afazji. Ponadto, obecność afazji była związana z 1,49 wzrostem średniego wyniku mRS1.

Afazja jest ważnym markerem niekorzystnego wyniku u pacjentów z łagodnym udarem niedokrwiennym i jest najważniejszym predyktorem wyniku społecznego u pacjentów z udarem z afazją1.

Afazja w innych schorzeniach neurologicznych

Chociaż udar mózgu jest najczęstszą przyczyną afazji, może ona również występować w wyniku urazów głowy, guzów mózgu, autoimmunologicznych chorób neurologicznych, infekcji mózgu lub chorób neurodegeneracyjnych (takich jak demencje)1.

Badania dotyczące afazji związanej z urazowym uszkodzeniem mózgu (TBI) są ograniczone. Jedno badanie wykazało, że afazja wtórna do TBI występowała u 1% weteranów wojen w Iraku i Afganistanie, a dwa dodatkowe badania wykazały, że afazja występowała u 13%-19% osób z TBI1. Na podstawie tych badań, Simmons-Mackie szacuje częstość występowania afazji wywołanej przez TBI na poziomie od 64 653 do 1 228 4211.

Badanie przeprowadzone przez Davie i wsp. oszacowało, że częstość występowania afazji w wyniku pierwotnych guzów mózgu wynosiła od 30% do 50%. Na podstawie tych danych, Simmons-Mackie szacuje wskaźnik częstości występowania afazji związanej z guzem na poziomie od 198 028 do 330 0481.

W przypadku pierwotnej postępującej afazji (PPA), badanie przeprowadzone na kohorcie francuskiej wykazało, że wskaźnik zapadalności wynosił 1,14 na 100 000 osobolat, podczas gdy wskaźnik zapadalności na chorobę Alzheimera wynosił 35,7 na 100 000 osobolat1.

Afazja dwujęzyczna

Chociaż istnieje niewiele badań na temat epidemiologii afazji dwujęzycznej, Paridis i wsp. szacują, że rocznie można spodziewać się około 45 000 nowych przypadków afazji dwujęzycznej1.

Deficyty językowe w ostrej afazji

Badanie ScreeLing przeprowadzone u 141 osób z ostrą afazją (2 tygodnie po udarze), 23 z przewlekłą afazją i 138 zdrowych osób kontrolnych wykazało, że w 22,4% przypadków deficyty były obecne tylko na 1 z 3 poziomów językowych. Fonologia była najczęściej zaburzona (16,3%), w porównaniu z semantyką (2,7%) i składnią (3,4%)1.

Liczba upośledzonych poziomów językowych była związana z nasileniem afazji: pacjenci z zaburzeniami na 3 poziomach mieli najniższe wyniki w teście żetonowym; pacjenci z selektywnym zaburzeniem fonologicznym mieli najwyższe oceny mowy spontanicznej. Sama fonologia wyjaśniała 54,6% wariancji w ocenie mowy spontanicznej1.

Świadomość afazji w społeczeństwie

Pomimo powszechności afazji, świadomość społeczna na jej temat jest niska. Badania wskazują, że 84,5% ludzi nigdy nie słyszało terminu „afazja”, a tylko 8,8% osób słyszało o afazji i potrafi zidentyfikować ją jako zaburzenie językowe1.

Terapia i prognozy w afazji

Regeneracja po afazji jest możliwa nawet w ciężkich przypadkach12. Badania wykazały, że zdolności językowe i komunikacyjne mogą nadal poprawiać się przez wiele lat i czasami towarzyszy im nowa aktywność w tkance mózgowej w pobliżu uszkodzonego obszaru1.

Czynniki wpływające na regenerację

Istnieje wiele czynników prognostycznych, które mogą przewidzieć tempo regeneracji afazji, takich jak wiek pacjenta, typ afazji, rozmiar, lokalizacja i patologia zmiany1. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Egipcie stwierdzono lepszą regenerację w przypadku udaru krwotocznego niż niedokrwiennego (p=0,010 po miesiącu i p=0,019 po trzech miesiącach). Wykazano również ujemną korelację między wielkością zawału mózgu a wskaźnikiem regeneracji, z lepszą regeneracją w przypadku zawałów o małych rozmiarach (p=0,031)1.

Rokowanie dla pacjentów z afazją może być determinowane przez przyczynę afazji, wiek pacjenta i obecność innych chorób współistniejących. Starsi pacjenci mają trudniejszą regenerację. Afazja spowodowana udarem ma lepsze rokowanie niż ta spowodowana guzem lub chorobą neurodegeneracyjną1.

Metody leczenia

Terapia mowy i języka pozostaje głównym sposobem leczenia afazji, chociaż skuteczność konwencjonalnych terapii nie została jednoznacznie udowodniona12.

Kilka badań kontrolowanych placebo sugeruje, że piracetam jest skuteczny w regeneracji afazji, gdy zostanie rozpoczęty wkrótce po udarze, ale jego skuteczność zanika u pacjentów z przewlekłą afazją12.

Środki farmakologiczne działające na układ cholinergiczny (np. donepezil) wykazały obiecujące rezultaty. Dane z badań pojedynczych przypadków, serii przypadków i badania otwartego sugerują, że donepezil może mieć korzystny wpływ na przewlekłą afazję poudarową1.

Randomizowane badania kontrolowane donepezilu i innych środków cholinergicznych w afazji poudarowej są uzasadnione12.

Osoby z afazją poudarową, które otrzymały alternatywną i wspomagającą terapię komunikacyjną (AACT) oraz standardową terapię logopedyczną (SLT), wykazały poprawę w zakresie wykonywania zadań językowych i komunikacji funkcjonalnej, a także pozytywny wpływ na ich dobrostan psychiczny i ogólną jakość życia w porównaniu z osobami, które otrzymały tylko konwencjonalną SLT1.

Monitoring i badania epidemiologiczne

Istnieje potrzeba dwóch rodzajów badań w obszarze afazji: (i) epidemiologiczne badanie społeczne dotyczące częstości występowania i zapadalności oraz (ii) bank danych szpitalnych dotyczący częstości występowania afazji z rejestrów udarów w całym kraju1.

Trwają również prace nad nowymi narzędziami do oceny postępów w komunikacji u osób z afazją. Przykładem jest projekt rozwoju narzędzia opartego na sztucznej inteligencji, które mierzy sukces komunikacyjny u osób z afazją. Naukowcy mają na celu dostarczenie modelu dużego języka typu open-source (LLM), zdolnego do analizowania zadań opowiadania historii, który mógłby stać się pierwszym standardowym narzędziem do pomiaru połączonego dyskursu u osób z afazją1.

Zrozumienie patologicznej predykcji in vivo jest kluczowe w chorobach neurodegeneracyjnych, ponieważ strategie terapeutyczne farmakologiczne są lub wkrótce będą skierowane na zmniejszenie lub usuwanie toksycznych cząsteczek, takich jak amyloid, tau lub TDP. Badania podkreślają znaczenie poprawy wczesnej diagnostyki afazji w celu lepszego zrozumienia powiązań z chorobą Alzheimera1.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1
    https://quizgecko.com/learn/understanding-aphasia-definition-and-epidemiology-vf1xyc
    Aphasia results from a focal brain lesion in the language-dominant hemisphere, affecting communicative and social functioning, quality of life, and the quality of life of their relatives and caregivers. […] 30-35% of stroke survivors have aphasia. […] Aphasia results in higher healthcare costs and longer hospital stays for affected individuals (PWA). […] Stroke can lead to poor long-term outcomes, including social isolation, depression, and a poor quality of life. […] Persons with aphasia have long-term service needs.
  • #1 Aphasia Statistics – The National Aphasia Association
    https://aphasia.org/aphasia-resources/aphasia-statistics/
    84.5% of people have never heard the term Aphasia. […] 8.8% of people have heard of aphasia and can identify it as a language disorder. […] 34.7% of people that are aphasia aware either have aphasia or know someone that does. […] More people have aphasia than have many other common conditions, including cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, or muscular dystrophy. […] About 1 third (225,000) of strokes result in aphasia. […] There are at least 2,000,000 people in the USA with aphasia. […] There are at least 250,000 people in Great Britain with aphasia.
  • #1 Aphasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559315/
    According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), there are 180,000 new cases of aphasia in the United States each year, affecting 1 in every 272 Americans. Approximately one-third of these cases result from cerebrovascular accidents. The most common type is global aphasia. The incidence of stroke-induced aphasia is equal among men and women; however, the incidence is age-dependent. Individuals aged 65 or younger have a 15% chance of being affected, whereas those aged 85 or older have a 43% chance of developing the condition. Approximately 25% to 40% of stroke survivors experience aphasia due to damage to the brain’s language-processing regions.
  • #1
    https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2019/22020/expert_group_meeting_on_aphasia__a_report.3.aspx
    Aphasia persists as a disability in 21%38% of stroke survivors. Community incidence is 43/100,000/year, and prevalence is 3000 per million. […] The number of persons with aphasia (PWA) in the country is likely to be around two million. There is need for two types of studies: (i) a community-based epidemiological study for prevalence and incidence. A basic outline of door-to-door survey methodology will be prepared and shared with members of IAN as well as the Indian Speech and Hearing Association (ISHA); (ii) a hospital-based databank on the prevalence of aphasia from stroke registries across the country.
  • #1 A hospital-based study of post-stroke aphasia: frequency, risk factors, and topographic representation | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0128-1
    The crude prevalence rate of stroke in Qena, Egypt, is high (922/100,000). For the first time, we estimate the frequency of aphasia following the first-ever ischemic stroke and its relationship to the site of lesion in Arabic-speaking countries. […] The frequency of post-stroke aphasia was recorded in 20%, and atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a high-risk factor for ischemic stroke with aphasia. […] Our data are consistent with other reports as regards the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke aphasia. Atrial fibrillation represents a high-risk factor for ischemic strokes with aphasia. Global and motor aphasia are the major subtypes. The lesion locations are predictive of aphasia subtypes. […] It has been estimated that about 2138% of stroke patients develop aphasia. The reported annual incidence of post-stroke aphasia in Europe and the United States of America (USA) is 4360 per 100,000.
  • #1 Aphasia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135944-overview
    Aphasia occurs in a variety of cerebrovascular, traumatic, and degenerative conditions. […] Stroke is likely the most common cause of aphasia, and it has been estimated that about 20-30% of stroke patients develop aphasia. […] Data on incidence of aphasia in the United States are limited. […] No reliable data exist on the incidence of aphasia in different racial groups. […] In stroke, for example, African Americans have almost a twofold higher incidence as compared with whites. […] Not enough data are available to evaluate differences in the incidence and clinical features of aphasia in men and women. […] Age may be an important factor in recovery. Some studies suggest that recovery from aphasia due to a stroke is less favorable in patients older than age 70 than in younger patients.
  • #1 Poststroke aphasia: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. – Document – Gale Academic OneFile
    https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA200669575&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=1170229X&p=AONE&sw=w
    Aphasia, the loss or impairment of language caused by brain damage, is one of the most devastating cognitive impairments of stroke. Aphasia is present in 21-38% of acute stroke patients and is associated with high short- and long-term morbidity, mortality and expenditure. […] Recovery from aphasia is possible even in severe cases. […] While speech-language therapy remains the mainstay treatment of aphasia, the effectiveness of conventional therapies has not been conclusively proved. […] Several placebo-controlled trials suggest that piracetam is effective in recovery from aphasia when started soon after the stroke, but its efficacy vanishes in patients with chronic aphasia. […] Randomised controlled trials of donepezil and other cholinergic agents in poststroke aphasia are warranted.
  • #1 Epidemiology of aphasia attributable to first ischemic stroke: incidence, severity, fluency, etiology, and thrombolysis
    https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/18470/
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a geographically defined population, we assessed incidence and determinants of aphasia attributable to first-ever ischemic stroke (FEIS). […] Among 188,015 inhabitants, 269 patients had FEIS, of whom 80 (30%; 95% CI, 24 to 36) had aphasia. The overall incidence rate of aphasia attributable to FEIS amounted to 43 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 33 to 52). […] Annually, 43 of 100,000 inhabitants had aphasia resulting from first ischemic stroke. Advancing age and cardioembolism were associated with an increased risk for aphasia. Severity and fluency of aphasia were not affected by demographic variables.
  • #1 Acute vascular aphasia (Chapter 5) – The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/behavioral-and-cognitive-neurology-of-stroke/acute-vascular-aphasia/2846C94D6FB351EA2A545A633174CFA5
    Aphasia has been studied extensively at the acute and subacute stages of stroke (see Chapter 4). However, these important studies do not adequately cover the initial stage (i.e. the first hours and days post-stroke), a critical period for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. With the development of hyperacute management of stroke, a few studies have re-examined the characteristics, determinants, and prognosis of acute aphasia. […] Aphasia is observed with a prevalence ranging from 21% to 33% of patients admitted for acute stroke (Brust et al., 1976; Laska et al., 2001; Godefroy et al., 2002). A very high prevalence (from 38% to 45%) has been observed at the hyperacute stage with tests including non-aphasic disturbances such as the language subtest of stroke scale (Pedersen et al., 1995) or a naming subtest (Riepe et al., 2004) and this presumably inflates the prevalence of aphasia (Thommessen et al., 2002).
  • #1 A hospital-based study of post-stroke aphasia: frequency, risk factors, and topographic representation | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0128-1
    Literature concerning the frequency of post-stroke aphasia, risk factors, and the relations between aphasia type and lesion location are limited, especially in Egypt. […] The aim of this study is to estimate the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke aphasia, following the first-ever ischemic stroke, and to study the relations of type of aphasia and lesions location of stroke Egypt. This is the first time that aphasia epidemiology is being studied in Arabic-speaking countries. […] In the present study, the incidence of aphasia following first ever ischemic stroke cases was 20% which was similar to others. […] Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) tended to present more often with aphasia (22.2 vs. 7.6%) and were more severely impaired. […] In the present study, global aphasia was the most common (50.5%) followed by motor (27.8%) and sensory aphasia (11.1%). Both conductive and nominal aphasia were uncommon and were found in only 8.3% and 2.8% respectively. Our results are similar to many other studies which found that both global and motor aphasia are the major subtypes. […] Despite remarkable differences between western languages and Arabic, the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke aphasia as well as lesion localization are similar. Global and motor aphasia were the major subtypes.
  • #1 Relative frequency and prognosis of vascular aphasia (follow-up at 3 months) in the Neurology Department of Assiut University Hospital | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0086-7
    Relative frequency of vascular aphasia in the Neurology Department of Assiut University Hospital was 7.1% and more common among male patients (57.9%), with the most frequent type was global aphasia (66.4%). […] There is no sufficient data about aphasia epidemiology in Egypt, and few studies was conducted about that but in this study relative frequency of PSA in Assiut University Hospital was 7.1%, and this nearly agreed with El-Tallawy and colleagues, 2015, a previous study done at Assiut, which reported PSA among 6.7% of stroke patients. […] The most frequent type of aphasia was global aphasia (66.4%), followed by striatal (11.2%), Brocas (8.4%), thalamic (4.7%), Wernicke (2.8%), mixed transcortical (1.9%), conduction, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, anomia, and aphemia (0.9% for each type of them).
  • #1 Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text
    https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04765-0
    To analyse and discuss the association of gender differences with the risk and incidence of poststroke aphasia (PSA) and its types, and to provide evidence-based guidance for the prevention and treatment of poststroke aphasia in clinical practice. […] The analysis of 168,259 patients with stroke and 31,058 patients with PSA showed that the risk of PSA was 1.23 times higher in female than in male (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.191.29, P0.001), with a prevalence of PSA of 31% in men and 36% in women, and an overall prevalence of 34% (P0.001). […] There are gender differences in the incidence and types of PSA. The risk of PSA in female is higher than that in male. […] The incidence of stroke is increasing year by year, from 13.34% in 2003 to 21.94% in 2014 and 29.55% in 2021. […] The gender difference in the incidence of PSA is related to the bilateralization of language functional areas in the female brain.
  • #1 Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text
    https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04765-0
    The median age of female(78) onset is higher than that of male(71) onset. […] The probability of aphasia in female after stroke is higher than that in male, and the severity is also higher than that in male, which is caused by the damage of language function areas in both brains of women after stroke.
  • #1 (PDF) Aphasia after acute ischemic stroke: epidemiology and impact on tertiary care resources
    https://www.academia.edu/127683070/Aphasia_after_acute_ischemic_stroke_epidemiology_and_impact_on_tertiary_care_resources
    Introduction. This study aimed to reveal the disease burden of aphasia after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at the national level and investigate the impact of aphasia on tertiary care resources and patient outcomes. […] We aimed to investigate the length of stay (LOS) and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in aphasic, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in order to estimate aphasia-related disease burden at a national level. […] Of 92 patients included in the study, 30 (32.6 %) had aphasia on admission. […] In a marginally significant unadjusted hierarchical multiple regression model, individuals with aphasia had a LOS of 1.86 days longer than stroke survivors without aphasia. […] In addition, the presence of aphasia was associated with a 1.49 increase in the mean mRS score.
  • #1 (PDF) Aphasia after acute ischemic stroke: epidemiology and impact on tertiary care resources
    https://www.academia.edu/127683070/Aphasia_after_acute_ischemic_stroke_epidemiology_and_impact_on_tertiary_care_resources
    Aphasia is an important post-stroke sequela. […] We estimated the prevalence and main determinants of post-stroke aphasia in the prefecture of Arcadia, Greece. […] The study offers a quantitative estimate of the public health problem of post-stroke aphasia in Greece and suggests that the role of diabetes in post-stroke aphasia may be more important than previously appreciated. […] Aphasia related to ischemic stroke is a major health problem affecting the quality of life profoundly. […] The frequency of post-stroke aphasia was recorded in 20%, and atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a high-risk factor for ischemic stroke with aphasia. […] Aphasia is a predicting factor of outcome and it is the most important predictor of social outcome in patients with stroke with aphasia. […] Aphasia is an early marker of unfavorable outcome in mild ischemic stroke patients.
  • #1 Aphasia – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasia
    Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, epilepsy, autoimmune neurological diseases, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementias). […] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1-0.4% in developed countries. […] Aphasia affects about two million people in the U.S. and 250,000 people in Great Britain. […] Nearly 180,000 people acquire the disorder every year in the U.S., 170,000 due to stroke. […] 25% to 40% of people who survive a stroke develop aphasia as a result of damage to the language-processing regions of the brain.
  • #1 Aphasia
    https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/aphasia/?srsltid=AfmBOor5gP2sFvUyOYJ57_HQdK5tJKkfgVLaWcNZ1wsMEa8PQvTDQm35
    Incidence of aphasia refers to the number of new cases identified in a specified time period. […] Prevalence of aphasia refers to the number of people who are living with aphasia in a given time period. […] It is estimated that roughly 100,000-180,000 people acquire aphasia each year in the United States. […] Additional data suggest that 24 million people in the United States are living with aphasia. […] Data suggest that roughly 25%-50% of all strokes result in aphasia and that it is more common in older adults. […] Very few statistics are available regarding the incidence and prevalence of TBI-induced aphasia. […] One study conservatively found that aphasia secondary to TBI occurred in 1% of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and two additional studies found that aphasia occurred in 13%-19% of individuals with TBI.
  • #1 Aphasia
    https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/aphasia/?srsltid=AfmBOor5gP2sFvUyOYJ57_HQdK5tJKkfgVLaWcNZ1wsMEa8PQvTDQm35
    Simmons-Mackie estimates the prevalence of TBI-induced aphasia to be as low as 64,653 and as high as 1,228,421 based upon data extrapolated from these studies. […] A study by Davie et al. estimated that the incidence of aphasia as a result of primary brain tumors ranged from 30% to 50%. […] Using these data, Simmons-Mackie estimates the prevalence rate of tumor-associated aphasia to be between 198,028 and 330,048.
  • #1 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The goal of the present study, based on a French cohort, was to describe the demographics and the evolution of subjects with (PPA) in comparison with Alzheimers disease (AD) on a period of 7 years. […] This study improves the knowledge of PPA epidemiology and has the potential to help adopting appropriate public health service policies. It supports the hypothesis that PPA is diagnosed later than AD. […] The incidence rate of PPA was 1.14 per 100,000 person-years, while the incidence rate of AD was 35.7 per 100,000 persons-years. […] The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group.
  • #1 Neuro-ophthalmology of Bilingual Aphasia – EyeWiki
    https://eyewiki.org/Neuro-ophthalmology_of_Bilingual_Aphasia
    The general incidence of aphasia is estimated to be 300,000 per year with cumulative prevalence estimated to be over a million people in the United States. […] Although there is a paucity of studies on the epidemiology of bilingual aphasia, Paridis et al approximated that 45,000 new cases of bilingual aphasia are expected annually.
  • #1 The ScreeLing: Occurrence of linguistic deficits in acute aphasia post-stroke – SEARCH
    https://primo.qatar-weill.cornell.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1011174026/974WCMCIQ_INST:VU1
    To investigate the occurrence of semantic, phonological and syntactic deficits in acute aphasia with the ScreeLing after the establishment of its psychometric properties. To examine the relationship between these deficits and: (i) overall aphasia severity; and (ii) quality of Spontaneous Speech. The reliability and validity of the ScreeLing was established by investigating 141 subjects with acute aphasia (2 weeks after stroke), 23 with chronic aphasia, and 138 healthy controls. […] The ScreeLing was found to be valid and reliable for assessing the presence and severity of aphasia and linguistic deficits at 12 days after stroke. In 22.4% of the patients deficits were found in only 1 of the 3 linguistic levels; phonology was most frequently disturbed (16.3%), compared with semantics (2.7%), and syntax (3.4%).
  • #1 The ScreeLing: Occurrence of linguistic deficits in acute aphasia post-stroke – SEARCH
    https://primo.qatar-weill.cornell.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1011174026/974WCMCIQ_INST:VU1
    The number of impaired linguistic levels was related to aphasia severity: patients with a 3-level disorder had the lowest Token Test scores; patients with a selective phonological disorder had the highest Spontaneous Speech ratings. Phonology alone explained 54.6% of the variance in the Spontaneous Speech rating. In the acute stage, linguistic-level deficits are already present independently of each other, with phonology affected most frequently.
  • #1 Aphasia, Caused by Stroke or TBI, is Frustrating and Little Known | Health.mil
    https://health.mil/News/Articles/2021/06/29/Aphasia-Caused-by-Stroke-or-TBI-is-Frustrating-and-Little-Known?type=Articles&page=3
    Cardiovascular disease, or overall heart health, may affect older people more generally, but outcomes like stroke aphasia occur because of a downturn in fitness much earlier in life, including time on active duty. This is part of the Military Health System’s focus on „Total Force Fitness,” to keep service members in top shape holistically throughout their military careers. […] The ability to talk, listen, read and write can all be impaired differently, or to differing degrees, she said, and so it’s vital for patients with aphasia to undergo a speech language evaluation as soon as possible. […] According the National Institutes of Health website, „Research has shown that language and communication abilities can continue to improve for many years and are sometimes accompanied by new activity in brain tissue near the damaged area. Some of the factors that may influence the amount of improvement include the cause of the brain injury, the area of the brain that was damaged and its extent, and the age and health of the individual.”
  • #1 Relative frequency and prognosis of vascular aphasia (follow-up at 3 months) in the Neurology Department of Assiut University Hospital | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0086-7
    Better recovery was reported with hemorrhagic stroke more than ischemic stroke (p=0.010 after one month and p=0.019 after three months). […] In the present study, there was a negative correlation between the size of cerebral infarction and recovery rate as better recovery was for small-sized infarction (p=0.031). […] There were many prognostic factors which can predict rate of aphasia recovery like age of the patient, aphasia type, size, site, and pathology of the lesion.
  • #1 Global aphasia – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Global_aphasia
    Aphasia is much more prevalent in the elderly population. […] Among post stroke patients: Aphasia was found to be slightly more prevalent in women, although no significant difference existed when intracerebral hemorrhage was noted to be a cause. […] Factors that indirectly increase the risk for Cerebrovascular accidents are therefore implicated as risk factors for global aphasia: […] Global aphasia in post-stroke patients can convert into Broca’s aphasia over time. […] Prognosis for Aphasic patients can be determined by cause of aphasia, age of patient, and presence of other co-morbidities. Older patients have a harder time recovering. Aphasia caused by stroke has a better prognosis, than that caused by a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease.
  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00002512-200522020-00006
    Aphasia, the loss or impairment of language caused by brain damage, is one of the most devastating cognitive impairments of stroke. Aphasia is present in 21-38% of acute stroke patients and is associated with high short- and long-term morbidity, mortality and expenditure. […] Recovery from aphasia is possible even in severe cases. […] While speech-language therapy remains the mainstay treatment of aphasia, the effectiveness of conventional therapies has not been conclusively proved. […] Several placebo-controlled trials suggest that piracetam is effective in recovery from aphasia when started soon after the stroke, but its efficacy vanishes in patients with chronic aphasia. […] Pharmacological agents operating on the cholinergic system (e.g. donepezil) have shown promise. […] Data from single-case studies, case series and an open-label study suggest that donepezil may have beneficial effects on chronic poststroke aphasia. […] Randomised controlled trials of donepezil and other cholinergic agents in poststroke aphasia are warranted.
  • #1 International Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences – Articles List
    https://www.ijehs.com/?_action=article&kw=2751541&_kw=Communicative+Effectiveness+Index
    Background: Stroke is the primary cause of low quality of life and disability worldwide. Almost one-third of stroke patients are diagnosed with post-stroke aphasia, a language disorder that hinders the interpretation and formulation of language symbols. […] Individuals with post-stroke aphasia who received AACT and SLT demonstrated improved language performance and functional communication, as well as a positive impact on their psychological well-being and overall quality of life when compared to those who received only conventional SLT. […] The study provides new insights into implementing AAC for PWA post stroke as an early and initial intervention protocol, as it allows for early recovery when compared to conventional SLT alone.
  • #1 Kurland Developing AI Tool for Measuring Communication Ability in People with Language Impairments : School of Public Health & Health Sciences : UMass AmherstUMass Collegiate MSchool of Public Health & Health SciencesXFind us on FacebookFind us on YouTube
    https://www.umass.edu/public-health-sciences/news/kurland-developing-ai-tool-measuring-communication
    Jacquie Kurland, associate professor of speech, language and hearing sciences, will use a three-year, $1.06 million funding award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) to develop and test an AI tool that measures communication success in people with aphasia, a common language impairment following stroke and other left-hemisphere brain damage. […] Ultimately, the researchers aim to deliver an open-source large language model (LLM), able to analyze story retelling tasks, that could become the first standard tool for measuring connected discourse in people with aphasia. […] This work could lead to a paradigm shift in clinicians’ and clinical researchers’ ability to assess real-world communication improvements in patients across a broad swath of populations with speech, language and communication impairments.
  • #1 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] It thus appears essential to establish a diagnosis of PPA to set up an adapted medical treatment. […] Understanding in vivo pathological prediction is crucial in neurodegenerative diseases because therapeutic pharmacological strategies are, or soon will be, directed towards decreasing or clearing toxic molecules, such as amyloid, tau or TDP. This study highlights importance to improve early diagnosis of PPA to better understand links with AD.
  • #2
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00002512-200522020-00006
    Aphasia, the loss or impairment of language caused by brain damage, is one of the most devastating cognitive impairments of stroke. Aphasia is present in 21-38% of acute stroke patients and is associated with high short- and long-term morbidity, mortality and expenditure. […] Recovery from aphasia is possible even in severe cases. […] While speech-language therapy remains the mainstay treatment of aphasia, the effectiveness of conventional therapies has not been conclusively proved. […] Several placebo-controlled trials suggest that piracetam is effective in recovery from aphasia when started soon after the stroke, but its efficacy vanishes in patients with chronic aphasia. […] Pharmacological agents operating on the cholinergic system (e.g. donepezil) have shown promise. […] Data from single-case studies, case series and an open-label study suggest that donepezil may have beneficial effects on chronic poststroke aphasia. […] Randomised controlled trials of donepezil and other cholinergic agents in poststroke aphasia are warranted.
  • #2 Aphasia – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasia
    Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, epilepsy, autoimmune neurological diseases, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementias). […] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1-0.4% in developed countries. […] Aphasia affects about two million people in the U.S. and 250,000 people in Great Britain. […] Nearly 180,000 people acquire the disorder every year in the U.S., 170,000 due to stroke. […] 25% to 40% of people who survive a stroke develop aphasia as a result of damage to the language-processing regions of the brain.
  • #2 Aphasia Statistics – The National Aphasia Association
    https://aphasia.org/aphasia-resources/aphasia-statistics/
    84.5% of people have never heard the term Aphasia. […] 8.8% of people have heard of aphasia and can identify it as a language disorder. […] 34.7% of people that are aphasia aware either have aphasia or know someone that does. […] More people have aphasia than have many other common conditions, including cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, or muscular dystrophy. […] About 1 third (225,000) of strokes result in aphasia. […] There are at least 2,000,000 people in the USA with aphasia. […] There are at least 250,000 people in Great Britain with aphasia.
  • #2 Aphasia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1176568-overview
    Aphasia occurs in a variety of cerebrovascular, traumatic, and degenerative conditions. […] Stroke is likely the most common cause of aphasia, and it has been estimated that about 20-30% of stroke patients develop aphasia. […] The number of patients with language disorders secondary to traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, and other brain lesions such as arteriovenous malformations is not precisely known. […] No reliable data exist on the incidence of aphasia in different racial groups. […] In stroke, for example, African Americans have almost a twofold higher incidence as compared with whites. […] Not enough data are available to evaluate differences in the incidence and clinical features of aphasia in men and women. […] Some studies suggest a lower incidence of aphasia in women because they may have more bilaterality of language function. […] Age may be an important factor in recovery. […] Some studies suggest that recovery from aphasia due to a stroke is less favorable in patients older than age 70 than in younger patients.
  • #2 Epidemiology of aphasia attributable to first ischemic stroke: incidence, severity, fluency, etiology, and thrombolysis.
    https://sonar.rero.ch/global/documents/98230
    In a geographically defined population, we assessed incidence and determinants of aphasia attributable to first-ever ischemic stroke (FEIS). […] Among 188,015 inhabitants, 269 patients had FEIS, of whom 80 (30%; 95% CI, 24 to 36) had aphasia. The overall incidence rate of aphasia attributable to FEIS amounted to 43 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 33 to 52). […] Annually, 43 of 100,000 inhabitants had aphasia resulting from first ischemic stroke. Advancing age and cardioembolism were associated with an increased risk for aphasia. Severity and fluency of aphasia were not affected by demographic variables.
  • #2 Relative frequency and prognosis of vascular aphasia (follow-up at 3 months) in the Neurology Department of Assiut University Hospital | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0086-7
    Relative frequency of vascular aphasia in the Neurology Department of Assiut University Hospital was 7.1% and more common among male patients (57.9%), with the most frequent type was global aphasia (66.4%). […] There is no sufficient data about aphasia epidemiology in Egypt, and few studies was conducted about that but in this study relative frequency of PSA in Assiut University Hospital was 7.1%, and this nearly agreed with El-Tallawy and colleagues, 2015, a previous study done at Assiut, which reported PSA among 6.7% of stroke patients. […] The most frequent type of aphasia was global aphasia (66.4%), followed by striatal (11.2%), Brocas (8.4%), thalamic (4.7%), Wernicke (2.8%), mixed transcortical (1.9%), conduction, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, anomia, and aphemia (0.9% for each type of them).
  • #2 A hospital-based study of post-stroke aphasia: frequency, risk factors, and topographic representation | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text
    https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-019-0128-1
    Literature concerning the frequency of post-stroke aphasia, risk factors, and the relations between aphasia type and lesion location are limited, especially in Egypt. […] The aim of this study is to estimate the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke aphasia, following the first-ever ischemic stroke, and to study the relations of type of aphasia and lesions location of stroke Egypt. This is the first time that aphasia epidemiology is being studied in Arabic-speaking countries. […] In the present study, the incidence of aphasia following first ever ischemic stroke cases was 20% which was similar to others. […] Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) tended to present more often with aphasia (22.2 vs. 7.6%) and were more severely impaired. […] In the present study, global aphasia was the most common (50.5%) followed by motor (27.8%) and sensory aphasia (11.1%). Both conductive and nominal aphasia were uncommon and were found in only 8.3% and 2.8% respectively. Our results are similar to many other studies which found that both global and motor aphasia are the major subtypes. […] Despite remarkable differences between western languages and Arabic, the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke aphasia as well as lesion localization are similar. Global and motor aphasia were the major subtypes.