Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/jaundice-newborn/treatment/

  Speak to your midwife, health visitor or GP if your baby develops jaundice. They’ll be able to assess whether treatment is needed. […] Treatment is usually only needed if your baby has high levels of a substance called bilirubin in their blood, so tests need to be carried out to check this. […] If your baby’s jaundice does not improve over time, or tests show high levels of bilirubin in their blood, they may be admitted to hospital and treated with phototherapy or an exchange transfusion. […] These treatments are recommended to reduce the risk of a rare but serious complication of newborn jaundice called kernicterus, which can cause brain damage. […] Phototherapy is treatment with a special type of light (not sunlight). […] It’s sometimes used to treat newborn jaundice by making it easier for your baby’s liver to break down and remove the bilirubin from your baby’s blood.

• #1 Infant jaundice – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infant-jaundice/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373870

  Mild infant jaundice often disappears on its own within two or three weeks. For moderate or severe jaundice, your baby may need to stay longer in the newborn nursery or be readmitted to the hospital. […] Treatments to lower the level of bilirubin in your baby’s blood may include: […] Light therapy (phototherapy). Your baby may be placed under a special lamp that emits light in the blue-green spectrum. The light changes the shape and structure of bilirubin molecules in such a way that they can be excreted in both the urine and stool. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Jaundice may be related to blood type differences between mother and baby. […] Exchange transfusion. Rarely, when severe jaundice doesn’t respond to other treatments, a baby may need an exchange transfusion of blood. This involves repeatedly withdrawing small amounts of blood and replacing it with donor blood, thereby diluting the bilirubin and maternal antibodies a procedure that’s performed in a newborn intensive care unit.

• #1 Newborn jaundice – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/newborn-jaundice-discharge

  Your baby has newborn jaundice. This common condition is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Your child’s skin and sclera (whites of their eyes) will look yellow. […] Some newborns need to be treated before they leave the hospital. Others may need to go back to the hospital when they are a few days old. Treatment in the hospital most often lasts 1 to 2 days. Your child needs treatment when their bilirubin level is too high or rising too quickly. […] To help break down the bilirubin, your child will be placed under bright lights (phototherapy) in a warm, enclosed bed. The infant will wear only a diaper and special eye shades. Your baby may have an intravenous (IV) line to give them fluids. […] Rarely, your baby may need treatment called a double volume blood exchange transfusion. This is used when the baby’s bilirubin level is very high.

• #1 Patient education: Jaundice in newborn infants (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/jaundice-in-newborn-infants-beyond-the-basics/print

  Jaundice treatment is aimed at efficiently and safely reducing the level of bilirubin in the blood before it becomes toxic. […] Babies with higher bilirubin levels benefit from frequent assessment, and some will need treatment (which is usually brief). This treatment is described below. […] Phototherapy is the most common medical treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in babies. It is a special „blue light” therapy that does not contain ultraviolet light and is usually delivered by LED lights or specialized optical fibers. In most cases, phototherapy is the only treatment required. […] The blue light breaks down bilirubin into compounds that are easier for a baby’s body to eliminate in stool and urine. In almost all babies, treatment with phototherapy is successful in decreasing bilirubin levels within 24 to 48 hours.

• #1 Jaundice in Newborns | Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/j/jaundice

  Over half of all newborns develop some amount of jaundice, a yellow coloring in their skin, during the first week of life. This is usually temporary, but could be a sign of a more serious illness. […] Specific treatment will be determined by your baby’s doctor based on: […] Treatment may include: […] Phototherapy: Jaundice and increased bilirubin levels usually decrease when the baby is exposed to special blue lights. Phototherapy takes several hours to begin working and is used throughout the day and night. The baby’s eyes must be protected, and temperature monitored during treatment. […] Fiberoptic blanket: Another form of phototherapy is a fiberoptic blanket placed under the baby. This may be used alone or in combination with regular phototherapy. […] Exchange transfusion: This replaces the baby’s blood with fresh blood to help lower the levels of bilirubin. […] Treatment of underlying conditions: Treating any underlying cause of hyperbilirubinemia, such as infection.

• #1 Treating jaundice | Information for the public | Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg98/ifp/chapter/treating-jaundice

  If your baby’s bilirubin level is very high or rising quickly, or if your baby’s jaundice does not improve after phototherapy, your baby’s treatment should be stepped up. The healthcare team should offer 'intensified’ phototherapy. This involves increasing the amount of light used in phototherapy. […] If the level of bilirubin in your baby’s blood is very high, your baby might need a complete changeover of blood (an exchange transfusion) because this is the quickest way to lower the bilirubin levels. […] The doctor may suggest a treatment called intravenous immunoglobulin (sometimes called IVIG), which is a blood product.

• #1 Newborn jaundice – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/newborn-jaundice-discharge

  The health care provider may stop phototherapy and send your child home when their bilirubin level is low enough to be safe. Your child’s bilirubin level will need to be checked in the provider’s office, 24 hours after therapy stops, to make sure the level is not rising again. […] If the bilirubin level is not too high or not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home with a fiber optic blanket, which has tiny bright lights in it. […] You must keep the light therapy on your child’s skin and feed your child every 2 to 3 hours (10 to 12 times a day). Feeding prevents dehydration and helps bilirubin leave the body. […] Therapy will continue until your baby’s bilirubin level lowers enough to be safe. Your baby’s provider will want to check the level again in 2 to 3 days.

• #1 CG-DME-12 Home Phototherapy Devices for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

  https://www.anthem.com/dam/medpolicies/abc/active/guidelines/gl_pw_a053626.html

  In the home setting, phototherapy is accomplished by using a blanket or a neck ring that emits fiber optic light. […] If the serum bilirubin level is rising in spite of home phototherapy, the infant may be treated with intensive phototherapy in the inpatient setting. […] Home phototherapy can be less costly and disruptive to family routines and breastfeeding and may help improve bonding and reduce stress compared with readmission for phototherapy. […] Home phototherapy should not be used if there is any question about the quality of the home phototherapy device, the ability to have the device delivered to the home rapidly, concerns about the family’s ability to use the device, or concerns about the ability to measure bilirubin concentrations daily. […] Discontinuing phototherapy is an option when the TSB has decreased by at least 2 mg/dL below the hour-specific threshold at the initiation of phototherapy.

• #1 Neonatal Jaundice – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532930/

  Phototherapy and exchange transfusions are the mainstays of treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and a subset of patients also respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is more complex and depends on the etiology of the jaundice. […] Phototherapy (PT) remains the first-line treatment for managing pathologic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. […] The TSB level at which PT is indicated is determined based on the risk factors for neurotoxicity present, the infant’s gestational age, and hour-specific TSB. […] Exchange transfusion (ET) is the second-line treatment for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia since phototherapy was developed in the 1950s. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used when immune-mediated hemolysis is the cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which prevents RBC hemolysis by coating Fc receptors on RBCs. […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is tailored to the specific etiology of the jaundice.

• #1 Neonatal Jaundice | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23803

  Phototherapy and exchange transfusions are the mainstays of treatment of UHB, and a subset of patients also respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). […] Phototherapy (PT) remains the first-line treatment for managing pathologic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PT reduces TSB to safe levels and decreases the risk of bilirubin toxicity and the need for exchange transfusion. […] Exchange transfusion (ET) is the second-line treatment for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia since phototherapy was developed in the 1950s. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used when immune-mediated hemolysis is the cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which prevents RBC hemolysis by coating Fc receptors on RBCs. The AAP recommends IVIG infusion in immune-mediated hemolysis if TSB remains within 2 to 3 mg/dL of the exchange threshold despite intensive phototherapy. […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is tailored to the specific etiology of the jaundice. To achieve the best outcomes, patients diagnosed with biliary atresia require a Kasai operation (hepatic portoenterostomy) within the first 2 months of life to prevent irreversible liver damage.

• #1 Patient education: Jaundice in newborn infants (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/jaundice-in-newborn-infants-beyond-the-basics/print

  Phototherapy is usually given in a hospital. In some cases, it can be done at home if the baby is healthy and at lower risk for developing severe hyperbilirubinemia. […] For the treatment to be successful, babies should have as much skin as possible exposed to the light. […] Phototherapy is stopped when bilirubin levels in the blood drop to a safe level. […] Babies whose bilirubin levels increase to toxic levels despite other treatments, or who have signs of or are at significant risk for brain damage, may need something called „emergency exchange transfusion.” This is a life-saving procedure that is used to rapidly decrease dangerously high levels of bilirubin.

• #1 Jaundice in Newborns (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html

  Most types of jaundice go away on their own. Others need treatment to lower bilirubin levels. […] Treatment depends on the cause of the jaundice, the bilirubin levels, and a baby’s age. […] Mild jaundice goes away after 1 or 2 weeks as a baby’s body gets rid of the extra bilirubin on its own. For newborns with breastfeeding jaundice, mothers should breastfeed the baby more often. If the baby is not getting enough breast milk, the doctor may suggest supplementing with formula. […] For more serious cases of jaundice, treatment should start as soon as possible. Babies may get: fluids. A loss of fluids (dehydration) will cause bilirubin levels to rise. […] phototherapy. Babies lie under lights with little clothing so their skin is exposed. The light changes the bilirubin to a form that can easily pass out of the body. Light-therapy blankets may also be used.

• #1 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/metabolic-electrolyte-and-toxic-disorders-in-neonates/neonatal-hyperbilirubinemia

  Treatment of hyperbilirubinemia is directed at the underlying disorder. In addition, treatment for hyperbilirubinemia itself may be necessary. […] Physiologic jaundice usually is not clinically significant and resolves within 1 week. Frequent formula or human milk feedings can reduce the incidence and severity of hyperbilirubinemia by increasing gastrointestinal motility and frequency of stools, thereby minimizing the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin. The type of formula does not seem important in increasing bilirubin excretion. […] Breastfeeding jaundice may be prevented or reduced by increasing the frequency of feedings. If the bilirubin level continues to increase 18 mg/dL (308 micromol/L) in a term infant with early breastfeeding jaundice, a temporary change from human milk to formula may be appropriate; phototherapy also may be indicated at higher levels.

• #1 Evaluation and Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0601/p873.html

  Supplementation with formula may be considered if the infant’s intake is inadequate, weight loss is excessive, the infant appears dehydrated, or the jaundice is severe. […] Phototherapy should be interrupted for breastfeeding unless the infant’s bilirubin levels are approaching those that require exchange transfusion.

• #1 Breast Milk Jaundice Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/973629-treatment

  Continue breastfeeding and supplement with formula. […] Temporary interruption of breastfeeding is rarely needed and is not recommended unless serum bilirubin levels reach 20 mg/dL (340 mol/L). […] For infants with serum bilirubin levels in the range of 17-25 mg/dL (294-430 mol/L), add phototherapy to any of the previously stated treatment options. […] The most rapid way to reduce the bilirubin level is to interrupt breastfeeding for 24 hours, feed with formula, and use phototherapy; however, in most infants, interrupting breastfeeding is not necessary or advisable. […] Phototherapy can be administered with standard phototherapy units and fiberoptic blankets. […] Fiberoptic phototherapy can often be safely administered at home, which may allow for improved infant-maternal bonding.

• #1 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0500/neonatal-hyperbilirubinemia.html

  Neonatal jaundice due to hyperbilirubinemia is common, and most cases are benign. […] It is important to evaluate all newborns for risk factors for bilirubin-related neurotoxicity, and it is reasonable to obtain screening bilirubin levels in newborns with risk factors. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) revised its clinical practice guideline in 2022 and reconfirmed its recommendation for universal neonatal hyperbilirubinemia screening in newborns 35 weeks’ gestational age or greater. […] The AAP also released new nomograms for initiating phototherapy based on gestational age at birth and the presence of neurotoxicity risk factors, with higher thresholds than in previous guidelines. […] Phototherapy decreases the need for an exchange transfusion but has the potential for short- and long-term adverse effects, including diarrhea and increased risk of seizures.

• #1 Jaundice in newborn babies | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/jaundice-in-newborn-babies-/

  Mild jaundice does not normally need any treatment. […] If the level of bilirubin in your baby’s blood is high, your baby may need to stay in hospital to have treatment. Your baby may be given a treatment called phototherapy, which involves placing your baby under a lamp that shines a special type of blue light onto the skin. This light helps to break down the bilirubin, which will then be passed out of your baby’s body in the urine and stools. […] Blood samples will usually be taken every 6 to 12 hours in order to measure the amount of bilirubin in your baby’s blood. […] Babies with extremely high bilirubin levels may need to be treated in an intensive care unit. These babies may need an exchange transfusion which involves replacing the baby’s blood with new blood from a donor. This is very rare; with the appropriate use of phototherapy only very few babies with jaundice need this invasive treatment.

• #1 CG-DME-12 Home Phototherapy Devices for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

  https://provider.healthybluela.com/dam/medpolicies/abcbs/active/guidelines/gl_pw_a053626.html

  Discontinuing phototherapy is an option when the TSB has decreased by at least 2 mg/dL below the hour-specific threshold at the initiation of phototherapy. […] The AAP/American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines for perinatal care (2017) state that home phototherapy is a therapy option and eligible candidates require proper home care follow-up and supervision including obtaining blood samples to measure TSB levels. […] In conclusion, this study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of home phototherapy as an effective treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. […] This meta-analysis further confirms the efficacy of home-based phototherapy as an effective alternative to hospital-based phototherapy for the reduction of TSB concentrations with comparable durations of therapy.

• #1 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0500/neonatal-hyperbilirubinemia.html

  The decision to start phototherapy is typically based on the TSB level. […] Phototherapy is often completed in the hospital, but home phototherapy with an LED-based device is an option for certain newborns who require phototherapy after discharge. […] Phototherapy decreases the need for an exchange transfusion but has not been shown to decrease the incidence of kernicterus. […] Short-term risks of phototherapy include temperature instability, diarrhea, and physical separation of the newborn from the parents. […] Long-term adverse effects include an increased risk of seizures, especially in males, at a rate of 2 to 7 per 1,000 newborns treated. […] These risks highlight the importance of initiating phototherapy only in newborns who exceed the 2022 AAP thresholds. […] Subthreshold phototherapy is not recommended.

• #1 Phototherapy for Jaundice in Newborns – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/phototherapy-for-jaundice-in-newborns.html

  Your newborn should feed in his or her usual way during the phototherapy. He or she may need to feed more often. This will help get rid of the bilirubin through his or her urine and bowel movements. […] Your newborn could become too cold or too warm during the treatment. He or she may be irritable or tired, or spit up more. He or she may become dehydrated. He or she may get a skin burn or rash from the lights. Your newborn could have eye damage if his or her eyes are not protected by an eye mask.

• #1 Filtered sunlight a safe, low-tech treatment for newborn jaundice | News Center

  https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/09/filtered-sunlight-a-safe-low-tech-treatment-for-jaundice.html

  Safe sunlight exposure under canopies that remove harmful rays is a low-cost, effective way to give phototherapy to jaundiced infants in impoverished settings, according to a new study. […] Newborn jaundice can be treated with filtered sunlight, providing a safe, inexpensive, low-tech solution to a health problem that now causes permanent brain damage or death in more than 150,000 babies in developing countries each year. […] The filtered-sunlight treatment was as safe and effective as the blue-light lamps traditionally used to treat infant jaundice, the study found. […] Phototherapy with lamps that emit blue wavelengths has been the most prevalent newborn jaundice treatment since the 1960s. […] The two therapies worked similarly well: Filtered sunlight was effective on 93 percent of treatment days, and conventional phototherapy on 90 percent of treatment days. The treatments were also similarly safe.

• #1 Jaundice in new born: Potential New Therapy from India | India Science, Technology & Innovation – ISTI Portal

  https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/featured-science/jaundice-new-born-potential-new-therapy-india

  An elated Dr. Samir K. Pal went on record saying that Zinc oxide nano-particles represented a promising nano-therapy for Jaundice. […] This motivated the team to find out a newer solution independent of any photo-activation. Thus, Dr. Pal and his team started to work on Manganese-based nano particles as therapeutic agent to combat elevated levels of Bilirubin. […] The efficacy of the nano-particles in symptomatic treatment of elevated levels of Bilirubin was found to be ultra-high. […] Team Member Aniruddha Adhikari points out that currently, this is the only medicine that can directly and safely degrade Bilirubin inside the body. […] The success in mouse model has raised the hope that this technique will work on humans as well. Prof. Samir K. Pal, lead researcher is now looking for sponsors to take this study forward and initiate stringent human clinical trials. […] It is a matter of national pride that from India comes the news of a brand new therapy that has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of Jaundice; globally plus maybe have implications in the treatment of hepatic damage too.

• #1 How a Sleep Sack May Improve Treating Newborns With Jaundice | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2018/01/a-game-changer-in-treating-newborn-jaundice

  A new sleep sack being developed at University Hospitals could change how hospitals treat newborns with jaundice. […] Katherine Griswold, MD, and others at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies Childrens Hospital are working with a medical device company to develop a phototherapy sleep sack that wraps the infant in fiber optic blue light. The sleep sack decreases the infants jaundice-causing bile while allowing the infant to be swaddled, held and fed during treatment and may eliminate the need for eye protection. […] Phototherapy is the process of using overhead lights or fiber-optic pads to expose the baby to certain light wavelengths, which eliminates bile in the blood. […] We thought, if we could get the light into the sleep sack and wrap it around the baby, wouldnt that be great? The baby would be happier and the mom would be happier,” Dr. Griswold says.

• #1 Phototherapy for Newborn Jaundice | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/phototherapy-newborn-jaundice

  If the bilirubin levels are not severe, treatment may be paused for feeding and skin-to-skin care. The care team will closely watch your baby’s bilirubin levels, temperature, and fluids (hydration) during phototherapy. You will need to feed your baby often. Feeding 8 to 12 times a day will help get rid of the bilirubin. […] Another way to treat jaundice is with a lighted pad called a bili blanket. It’s a portable phototherapy device that uses light from tiny fiberoptic cables or LED lights. The pad may be used in the hospital or at home. For phototherapy at home, the care team will give you instructions for how to use the bili blanket. Your doctor will order a home health referral. […] Always wash your hands before taking care of your baby’s needs. Feed your baby often. This will help lower bilirubin levels. Feed your baby 8 to 12 times daily. If youre breastfeeding, keep doing it. You can remove the bili blanket when you feed your baby. Put it back on your baby’s skin as soon as you’re done.

• #1 Family Health Service – Newborn Jaundice

  https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english/health_info/child/15666.html

  Newborn Jaundice is a common condition in babies that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. It is caused by an increase in a natural substance called bilirubin in blood. […] Jaundice usually appears on the second or third day of life and it takes about two to three weeks to subside when their liver is more effective at processing bilirubin. […] Newborn Jaundice is not a serious problem in most healthy babies. However, very high bilirubin levels can be dangerous and can cause brain damage in some babies. […] Ensure your baby has adequate feeding to prevent dehydration. You can tell from the amount of urine and stool your baby passed in a day. […] As bilirubin level may go up in first few days of life, bring baby to Maternal and Child Health Centre or your Family doctor/ paediatrician for assessment soon after discharge from hospital.

• #1 Treatment for Jaundice – Breastfeeding Support

  https://breastfeeding.support/treatment-for-jaundice/

  Newborn jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) is quite common in newborn babies as all babies are born with more red blood cells than they need for life outside the uterus, and these are broken down releasing the yellow pigment bilirubin. […] If the need for treatment for jaundice is identified, this may involve phototherapy, supplementation with milk or exchange transfusion. […] Phototherapy is a treatment that uses blue spectrum light to lower bilirubin levels. The babys skin absorbs the light waves which break down bilirubin molecules in the body into a water soluble form that the body can get rid of more easily via the bowel (in poop!). […] If one of the causes of a babys jaundice is not enough milk intake (starvation jaundice), a baby may need to be supplemented with pumped breast milk, donor breast milk or cows milk formula in addition to the mother working with an IBCLC lactation consultant to increase her milk supply.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/jaundice.aspx

  Jaundice is the yellow color seen in the skin of many newborns. It happens when a chemical called bilirubin builds up in the baby’s blood. […] Most jaundice requires no treatment. […] When treatment is needed, babies are placed undressed under special lights (phototherapy). Phototherapy helps lower the bilirubin level. […] Very high bilirubin levels are a medical emergency that might require admission to the intensive care unit and other treatment. This may include a special type of blood transfusion that can rapidly decrease the bilirubin level. […] In breastfed babies, it is common for jaundice to last 1 month or occasionally longer. In formula-fed babies, most jaundice goes away by 2 weeks. Let your baby’s doctor know if your baby has jaundice for more than 2 weeks if your baby is formula fed, or longer than 4 weeks if your baby is primarily breastfed.

• #1 Neonatal Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/neonatal-jaundice-leaflet

  If the level of bilirubin goes very high then this can cause brain damage in your baby and cause problems like cerebral palsy, learning difficulties and hearing problems. Damage to the brain caused by high bilirubin levels is called kernicterus. […] The outlook for physiological jaundice and breast-feeding jaundice is excellent and the jaundice will not cause any long-term problems.

• #1 Jaundice In Babies | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/jaundice

  Mild jaundice is common in ppi (babies), but baby jaundice is not always normal. If your baby has yellow skin or eyes and pale poo or dark (yellow or brown) wee, your baby needs a special blood test. See a health professional or midwife as soon as possible. […] Jaundice that appears in the first 24 hours after birth is not normal – it needs checking by a health professional straight away. […] Jaundice at any age with pale poos and dark wee needs checking with a blood test. […] Severe jaundice can be serious – with correct early treatment, long-term problems are rare. […] If the bilirubin level is high, phototherapy (bright light therapy) is the most commonly used treatment. It does not contain rays that would harm your baby. Phototherapy is very safe and effective and can only happen in hospitals.

• #2 Infant jaundice – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infant-jaundice/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373870

  Mild infant jaundice often disappears on its own within two or three weeks. For moderate or severe jaundice, your baby may need to stay longer in the newborn nursery or be readmitted to the hospital. […] Treatments to lower the level of bilirubin in your baby’s blood may include: […] Light therapy (phototherapy). Your baby may be placed under a special lamp that emits light in the blue-green spectrum. The light changes the shape and structure of bilirubin molecules in such a way that they can be excreted in both the urine and stool. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Jaundice may be related to blood type differences between mother and baby. […] Exchange transfusion. Rarely, when severe jaundice doesn’t respond to other treatments, a baby may need an exchange transfusion of blood. This involves repeatedly withdrawing small amounts of blood and replacing it with donor blood, thereby diluting the bilirubin and maternal antibodies a procedure that’s performed in a newborn intensive care unit.

• #2 Neonatal Jaundice – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532930/

  Phototherapy and exchange transfusions are the mainstays of treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and a subset of patients also respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is more complex and depends on the etiology of the jaundice. […] Phototherapy (PT) remains the first-line treatment for managing pathologic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. […] The TSB level at which PT is indicated is determined based on the risk factors for neurotoxicity present, the infant’s gestational age, and hour-specific TSB. […] Exchange transfusion (ET) is the second-line treatment for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia since phototherapy was developed in the 1950s. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used when immune-mediated hemolysis is the cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which prevents RBC hemolysis by coating Fc receptors on RBCs. […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is tailored to the specific etiology of the jaundice.

• #2 Phototherapy for Newborn Jaundice | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/phototherapy-newborn-jaundice

  But some babies have severe jaundice. This is a sign that their body cant break down the bilirubin fast enough. If too much builds up, it can harm a baby’s brain and nervous system. In these cases, the baby needs phototherapy. This means exposing the skin to light. It helps speed up the breakdown of bilirubin. It changes it into a form that can leave the body more easily. […] One way to treat jaundice is with a phototherapy lamp. This is often done in a hospital. Your baby will be placed under a special light. This light changes the form of the bilirubin in the skin. Phototherapy is often prescribed in single, double, or triple units. This means how many light sources are used. Your baby’s doctor will decide how many units to use. […] During treatment, your babys eyes are covered for protection and comfort. The rest of their body is naked, except for a diaper. This way the light reaches most of their skin. The staff will change the babys position often. This is to make sure all of your baby’s skin is exposed to the light.

• #2 Newborn jaundice – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/newborn-jaundice-discharge

  The health care provider may stop phototherapy and send your child home when their bilirubin level is low enough to be safe. Your child’s bilirubin level will need to be checked in the provider’s office, 24 hours after therapy stops, to make sure the level is not rising again. […] If the bilirubin level is not too high or not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home with a fiber optic blanket, which has tiny bright lights in it. […] You must keep the light therapy on your child’s skin and feed your child every 2 to 3 hours (10 to 12 times a day). Feeding prevents dehydration and helps bilirubin leave the body. […] Therapy will continue until your baby’s bilirubin level lowers enough to be safe. Your baby’s provider will want to check the level again in 2 to 3 days.

• #2 Newborn jaundice: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001559.htm

  Treatment is not needed most of the time. […] When treatment is needed, the type will depend on: […] A baby will need treatment if the bilirubin level is too high or is rising too quickly. […] A baby with jaundice needs to take in plenty of fluids with breast milk or formula: […] In rare cases, a baby may receive extra fluids by intravenous (IV). […] Sometimes, special blue lights are used on infants whose bilirubin levels are very high. These lights work by helping to break down bilirubin in the skin. This is called phototherapy. […] If the bilirubin level is not too high or is not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home with a fiberoptic blanket, which has tiny bright lights in it. […] In the most severe cases of jaundice, an exchange transfusion is required. In this procedure, the baby’s blood is replaced with fresh blood. Giving IV immunoglobulin to babies who have severe jaundice may also be effective in reducing bilirubin levels.

• #2 Jaundice in Newborns (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html

  exchange blood transfusion. This emergency procedure is done if very high bilirubin levels do not come down with phototherapy. The baby’s blood is replaced with blood from a donor to quickly lower bilirubin levels. […] intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Babies with blood type incompatibilities get this through an IV (into a vein). IVIg blocks antibodies that attack red blood cells and reduces the need for an exchange transfusion.

• #2 Neonatal Jaundice | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23803

  Phototherapy and exchange transfusions are the mainstays of treatment of UHB, and a subset of patients also respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). […] Phototherapy (PT) remains the first-line treatment for managing pathologic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PT reduces TSB to safe levels and decreases the risk of bilirubin toxicity and the need for exchange transfusion. […] Exchange transfusion (ET) is the second-line treatment for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia since phototherapy was developed in the 1950s. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used when immune-mediated hemolysis is the cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which prevents RBC hemolysis by coating Fc receptors on RBCs. The AAP recommends IVIG infusion in immune-mediated hemolysis if TSB remains within 2 to 3 mg/dL of the exchange threshold despite intensive phototherapy. […] Treatment of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is tailored to the specific etiology of the jaundice. To achieve the best outcomes, patients diagnosed with biliary atresia require a Kasai operation (hepatic portoenterostomy) within the first 2 months of life to prevent irreversible liver damage.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/jaundice-newborn/treatment/

  If your baby has a very high level of bilirubin in their blood or phototherapy has not been effective, they may need a complete blood transfusion, known as an exchange transfusion. […] If the jaundice is caused by rhesus disease (when the mother has rhesus-negative blood and the baby has rhesus-positive blood), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used.

• #2 CG-DME-12 Home Phototherapy Devices for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

  https://www.provider.wellpoint.com/dam/medpolicies/wellpoint/active/guidelines/gl_pw_a053626.html

  This document addresses the use of home phototherapy and the devices used for the treatment of neonatal jaundice that is physiologic (that is, non-pathologic) in nature. […] Home phototherapy devices are considered medically necessary when the criteria below are met: […] Home phototherapy devices for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are considered not medically necessary when the criteria above have not been met. […] Home phototherapy devices for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are considered not medically necessary when more than one phototherapy device (intensive phototherapy) is used in the home setting. […] In the hospital setting, phototherapy is delivered by exposing the infant to fluorescent light. […] For those infants with very high bilirubin levels, intensive phototherapy may be used.

• #2 Evaluation and Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0601/p873.html

  Phototherapy is an effective treatment for hyperbilirubinemia, but the number needed to treat varies widely depending on sex, gestational age, and time since delivery. […] Phototherapy decreases the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. […] Phototherapy decreases the need for exchange transfusion in newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia. […] Although phototherapy is effective in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia, exchange transfusion is occasionally indicated. […] Exchange transfusion should be performed in infants with TSB levels in the range indicated by the nomogram, with TSB levels of 25 mg per dL (427.6 mol per L) or greater, and with jaundice and signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends promoting breastfeeding for infants with jaundice, assessing for the adequacy of breastfeeding, and increasing the frequency to eight to 12 times per day.

• #2 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0500/neonatal-hyperbilirubinemia.html

  Phototherapy should be used only for newborns who exceed thresholds recommended by the current AAP hour-specific phototherapy nomograms. […] The AAP neonatal hyperbilirubinemia guideline provides hour-specific thresholds for initiation of phototherapy based on gestational age and the presence or absence of neurotoxicity risk factors. […] Employ phototherapy only for infants exceeding treatment threshold. […] Phototherapy is the first-line treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. […] The AAP neonatal hyperbilirubinemia guideline provides hour-specific thresholds for initiation of phototherapy based on gestational age and the presence or absence of neurotoxicity risk factors. […] Newborns of younger gestational age and newborns with neurotoxicity risk factors have lower thresholds for initiating phototherapy.

• #2 Phototherapy for Newborn Jaundice | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/phototherapy-newborn-jaundice

  If the bilirubin levels are not severe, treatment may be paused for feeding and skin-to-skin care. The care team will closely watch your baby’s bilirubin levels, temperature, and fluids (hydration) during phototherapy. You will need to feed your baby often. Feeding 8 to 12 times a day will help get rid of the bilirubin. […] Another way to treat jaundice is with a lighted pad called a bili blanket. It’s a portable phototherapy device that uses light from tiny fiberoptic cables or LED lights. The pad may be used in the hospital or at home. For phototherapy at home, the care team will give you instructions for how to use the bili blanket. Your doctor will order a home health referral. […] Always wash your hands before taking care of your baby’s needs. Feed your baby often. This will help lower bilirubin levels. Feed your baby 8 to 12 times daily. If youre breastfeeding, keep doing it. You can remove the bili blanket when you feed your baby. Put it back on your baby’s skin as soon as you’re done.

• #2 How a Sleep Sack May Improve Treating Newborns With Jaundice | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2018/01/a-game-changer-in-treating-newborn-jaundice

  And, because the baby can be held and fed while inside the phototherapy sleep sack, the opportunity for parent-infant bonding is increased without decreasing the treatment’s duration and effectiveness. […] „In the future, we hope to further compare the phototherapy sleep sack with standard phototherapy and evaluate whether increased parental compliance with treatment decreases hospital length of stay, Dr. Griswold says. […] Once the results of the pilot study are in, families may even be able to use the phototherapy sleep sack to treat their infant at home. […] A pediatrician may be able to prescribe it as a piece of durable medical equipment that will be returned, Dr. Griswold says. If the device works and our patients are happier with it, its a home run.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/jaundice-newborn-babies/

  If your baby has jaundice, your GP, PHN or midwife will tell you if treatment is needed. Babies only need treatment if they have a high level of bilirubin. […] The main treatment for jaundice is phototherapy. This involves placing your baby under a special light or on a special blanket that helps to clear the jaundice. […] The treatment is done in hospital. Your baby will be in hospital for at least 12 to 24 hours. When their bilirubin level is low enough, you can take them home. […] Your baby may need another blood test after their treatment has finished. This is to make sure their bilirubin level stays down. […] It’s important that your baby gets plenty of fluids if they have jaundice. […] Feed your baby at least every 3 to 4 hours. Wake them up for feeds. […] If your baby becomes dehydrated, they may need extra fluids through a drip. This is a small plastic tube placed into their arm, hand or foot. Fluids can be given into your baby’s bloodstream using this tube.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/jaundice-childhood-illnesses

  If your baby’s bilirubin level is high, he will need to be admitted to the hospital for phototherapy. This is done by placing your unclothed baby under special lights. […] Phototherapy will lower the bilirubin level. The level at which jaundice is treated is significantly lower than those at which brain damage is a concern and treatment can help prevent the harmful effects of jaundice. […] However, in some occasions, the level of jaundice may be so high that phototherapy may not be effective. A special procedure known as exchange transfusion might then be necessary. […] Putting your baby in sunlight is not recommended. It does not reduce the jaundice level effectively. Moreover, newborns should never be placed under direct sunlight as they might be overheated.

• #2 Neonatal Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/neonatal-jaundice-leaflet

  If the level of bilirubin goes very high then this can cause brain damage in your baby and cause problems like cerebral palsy, learning difficulties and hearing problems. Damage to the brain caused by high bilirubin levels is called kernicterus. […] The outlook for physiological jaundice and breast-feeding jaundice is excellent and the jaundice will not cause any long-term problems.

• #3 Patient education: Jaundice in newborn infants (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/jaundice-in-newborn-infants-beyond-the-basics/print

  Jaundice treatment is aimed at efficiently and safely reducing the level of bilirubin in the blood before it becomes toxic. […] Babies with higher bilirubin levels benefit from frequent assessment, and some will need treatment (which is usually brief). This treatment is described below. […] Phototherapy is the most common medical treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in babies. It is a special „blue light” therapy that does not contain ultraviolet light and is usually delivered by LED lights or specialized optical fibers. In most cases, phototherapy is the only treatment required. […] The blue light breaks down bilirubin into compounds that are easier for a baby’s body to eliminate in stool and urine. In almost all babies, treatment with phototherapy is successful in decreasing bilirubin levels within 24 to 48 hours.

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