Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Nursing Care Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impact daily functioning. ADHD can present challenges in academic, social, and familial domains, leading to difficulties in concentration, organization, and impulse control. […] Nurses must be knowledgeable enough in taking care of patients with ADHD; environmental and behavioral settings should be taken into consideration. […] Assessment of ADHD typically involves the comprehensive evaluation of information gathered from a number of sources, including parents/carers, family members, teachers, partners and colleagues, depending on the age of the patient. […] The major goals for a patient with ADHD are: Implement appropriate memory retraining techniques, such as keeping calendar, writing list, memory cue games, mnemonic device using computers, and so forth.

• #2 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, also called ADHD, is a long-term condition that affects millions of children. It often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a mix of ongoing problems. These can include having a hard time paying attention, being hyperactive and being impulsive. […] While treatment won’t cure ADHD, it can help a great deal with symptoms. Besides giving education about ADHD, treatment can involve medicines and behavior therapies. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in results. […] If you’re concerned that your child shows signs of ADHD, see your pediatrician or family healthcare professional. Your healthcare professional can do a medical evaluation to check for other causes of your child’s symptoms. Then if needed, your child may be referred to a specialist, such as a developmental-behavioral pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist or pediatric neurologist.

• #3

  https://neurolaunch.com/which-nursing-objective-would-the-nurse-add-to-the-plan-of-care-for-a-child-with-adhd/

  Crafting a symphony of care, nurses orchestrate transformative strategies that harmonize the discordant rhythms of young minds grappling with ADHD. This intricate dance of compassion and expertise forms the cornerstone of effective nursing care plans for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As the prevalence of ADHD continues to rise in pediatric populations, the role of nurses in managing this complex neurodevelopmental disorder has become increasingly crucial. […] ADHD, characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, affects approximately 5-10% of school-aged children worldwide. These symptoms can significantly impact a child’s daily functioning, academic performance, and social relationships. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a pivotal role in the assessment, management, and ongoing care of children with ADHD. Their unique position allows them to bridge the gap between medical interventions and practical, day-to-day support for both the child and their family.

• #4 ADHD in Kids & Teens (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html

  ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is a medical condition. A person with ADHD has differences in brain development and brain activity that affect attention, the ability to sit still, and self-control. ADHD can affect kids and teens at school, at home, and in friendships. […] Treatment for ADHD usually includes: […] The right treatment helps ADHD improve. Parents and teachers can teach younger kids to get better at managing their attention, behavior, and emotions. As they grow older, kids should learn to improve their own attention and self-control. […] When ADHD is not treated, it can be hard for kids to succeed. This may lead to low self-esteem, depression, oppositional behavior, school failure, risk-taking behavior, or family conflict. […] ADHD can improve when kids get treatment, eat healthy food, get enough sleep and exercise, and have supportive parents who know how to respond to ADHD.

• #5 ADHD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/adhd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  ADHD often becomes noticeable in childhood, usually when a child starts going to school and continues into adulthood. […] Nurses may care for patients with ADHD in schools, public health settings, and when admitted for inpatient care. Nurses are involved with educating parents of children with ADHD and supporting them through pharmacological and behavioral health treatment. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. […] Family members may have difficulty providing efficient support or guidance to the client with ADHD. […] ADHD causes low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which helps control movements and emotions, and can cause altered thinking. […] Poor dietary habits have been linked to ADHD, and stimulant medications prescribed for the disorder can cause appetite suppression and weight loss.

• #6 Pediatric ADHD Evaluation | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  Our ADHD experts at OHSUs Child Development and Rehabilitation Center have broad experience with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. […] We offer your family: […] A team approach to assessing your child, with experts from: […] Recommendations for: […] Access to other specialists at OHSU Doernbecher Childrens Hospital and elsewhere at OHSU. […] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of the brain that results in hyperactivity, trouble paying attention and impulsive behavior. […] For a diagnosis of ADHD to be made, problems must: […] ADHD is one of the most common childhood brain disorders. It has three types: […] Your child’s primary care provider can screen for and treat ADHD. […] We take referrals of complex cases. […] At your child’s visit, you can expect: […] We will provide you and your child with resources to manage ADHD with your primary care provider, school and community agencies. […] Medications that help with ADHD symptoms include: […] Experts at OHSU are studying ways to improve ADHD diagnosis, treatment and management.

• #7 What doctors wish patients knew about ADHD in children | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-adhd-children

  ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that has many risk factors or contributing factors that can affect individuals at different times in life in different ways, Dr. Shook said. […] There are different types of ADHD and in children its more common to see more levels of hyperactivity and impulsiveness, Dr. Shook said. […] For a person with ADHD, it can have a huge impact on their daily life, no matter their age, Dr. Shook said. […] A lot of kids with ADHD might be more impulsive and have disruptive behaviors, Dr. Shook said. […] For children and students, we think of treatment in three baskets. We have behavioral, academic and medical or medicine treatments, Dr. Shook said. […] When it comes to children who are school age 6 years or older, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends combining medication treatment with behavior therapy, Dr. Shook said. […] We know that ADHD goes undiagnosed often in children and adults and even when its diagnosed, it goes untreated often, Dr. Shook said.

• #8 ADHD | What is ADHD & The Effects in Young People | headspace

  https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/adhd/

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can affect a person’s ability to focus, pay attention and control impulses or restlessness. […] ADHD can impact a person’s ability to do things like study and work. […] There are plenty of strategies, support, and treatments available to help people manage their symptoms, embrace their strengths, and live rewarding, and meaningful lives. […] Despite its challenges, lots of people with ADHD embrace their unique strengths and perspectives, and find ways to thrive in their personal, student or professional lives. […] People experiencing ADHD can find it difficult to do what is expected of them in their studies, relationships, or at work. […] Some of the challenges people with ADHD might experience at school, uni or TAFE are things like: paying attention in class or while studying, time management and completing assignments on time, forgetfulness and disorganisation, impulsivity, like acting without thinking.

• #9 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350895

  In general, a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is made if the core symptoms of ADHD start early in life before age 12 and create major problems at home and at school on an ongoing basis. […] Standard treatments for ADHD in children include medicines, behavior therapy, counseling and education services. These treatments can lessen many of the symptoms of ADHD, but they don’t cure it. Treatment also can help prevent some complications caused by ADHD. It may take some time to find what works best for your child. […] Children with ADHD often benefit from behavior therapy, social skills training, parent skills training and counseling. These may be provided by a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker or other mental health professional. Some children with ADHD also may have other mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. Counseling may help both ADHD and the other condition.

• #10 Care of the Patient with ADHD | CNA Ceu | CEUfast

  https://ceufast.com/course/adhd

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that is usually identified in childhood, but up to 60% of people have symptoms in adulthood (Nicholson, 2019). Comorbid conditions include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, learning disorder, tics disorder, bipolar disorder, and cigarette smoking (Pearson Leung, 2021). […] ADHD is identified through behaviors and testing. Common behaviors fall into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity(Nicholson, 2019). Inattentive children or adults have difficulty keeping their minds centered on one thing. They tend to get bored and jump from task to task. Asking them to give their attention to one thing is very difficult. […] Hyperactivity is being in constant excessive movement. The individual with ADHD cannot seem to sit still and squirm. They may talk quickly or constantly and may also be fidgety.

• #11 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  A child with ADHD has three main symptoms inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. […] A child with ADHD needs support and understanding from their family, carers and teachers. […] Medication, positive parenting strategies, school support and counselling may help children with ADHD and their families. […] ADHD is a condition that affects a young child’s behaviour and learning. […] Caring for a child with ADHD can be challenging. […] Make sure everyone who cares for the child uses a consistent approach and works as a team to support each other. […] There are a number of ways to help reduce your child’s ADHD symptoms. […] ADHD medications are most commonly stimulant medications. They can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve a child’s ability to focus, work, and learn. […] Parents and carers of children with ADHD may find that they benefit from parenting skills training that helps them learn how to encourage and reward positive behaviours in their child.

• #12 Information

  https://bedslutonchildrenshealth.nhs.uk/neurodiversity-support/adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/

  ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition. It can also be known as ADD (attention deficit disorder). The symptoms can be split into 3 categories, difficulties with attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. […] ADHD is a form of neurodiversity. This means that children and young people with ADHD think and work differently as their brains work slightly differently. ADHD does not affect intelligence. It cannot be 'cured’ and it cannot be 'outgrown’. Children and young people with ADHD will grow up into adults with ADHD. […] It can be difficult to know where to start to help your child or young person with their ADHD. ADHD cannot be 'cured’, but you can help your child or young person to manage their symptoms. […] ADHD cannot be managed just using medication. Managing ADHD symptoms needs a combination of different elements, including: learning and understanding ADHD (also known as psychoeducation), a whole person approach, medication, therapy, behavioural strategies.

• #13

  https://ijanm.com/HTML_Papers/International%20Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Nursing%20Management__PID__2015-3-2-16.html

  Parents may report that the child was fussy and had problems as an infant or they may not have noticed the hyperactive behavior until the child was a toddler or entered day care or school. […] The child cannot sit still in a chair and squirms and wiggles while trying to do so. […] Mood may be labile, even to the point of verbal outbursts or temper tantrums. […] The child is alert and oriented with no sensory or perceptual alterations such as hallucinations. […] Children with ADHD usually exhibit poor judgment and often do not think before acting. […] The self-esteem of children with ADHD is low. […] The child is usually unsuccessful academically and socially at school. […] Nursing diagnoses commonly used when working with children with ADHD include the following: Risk for Injury, Ineffective Role Performance, Impaired Social Interaction, Compromised Family Coping.

• #14 Care of the Patient with ADHD | CNA Ceu | CEUfast

  https://ceufast.com/course/adhd

  Impulsivity occurs when the person is impatient and reacts immediately to situations or events. […] Interventions should include a structured environment and a routine that provides consistent, clear rules and organizational strategies (Pearson Leung, 2021). […] For children and adults, developing routines for tasks can be helpful to keep them focused. Keeping directions and routines simple is also helpful. […] A reward system is also helpful, as studies show that those with ADHD are more responsive to immediate rewards (Pearson Leung, 2021). […] A person with hyperactivity may be distressed and embarrassed about their behavior. Be empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding when working with these people. […] Inattentive people are easier to work with if you break up tasks into small pieces with breaks in between the tasks.

• #15 Increase the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD who get appropriate treatment — EMC‑04 – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/children/increase-proportion-children-and-adolescents-adhd-who-get-appropriate-treatment-emc-04

  Children with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) are more likely to have problems at school and at home. This leads to higher rates of injuries and emergency department visits. […] But many children with ADHD dont get effective behavioral treatment or medication. Strategies to increase access to treatment, like health care provider training or telemental health, and efforts to increase parents involvement in their childs treatment can help more children get the treatment they need. […] Increase the proportion of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who receive developmentally appropriate treatment, including behavioral therapy and/or medication.

• #16 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy

  https://www.parentprojectmd.org/care/care-guidelines/by-area/learning-and-behavior/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/

  Children with Duchenne are at increased risk for having an attention-deficit disorder. The formal name for this type of condition is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). […] It is important to note that because of muscle weakness and physical limitations, symptoms of hyperactivity may be less obvious in children with Duchenne. Thus, impulsivity may be the most obvious feature of ADHD for these children. […] All types of ADHD may include weaknesses in executive functioning. Thus, children with ADHD are more likely to have problems getting started on things, and have difficulty with planning, problem-solving, and time management. […] It is important to know that some of the cognitive patterns observed in Duchenne can lead to a child being misidentified as having ADHD. More specifically, language or discrete short-term memory deficits may cause a child to appear inattentive or forgetful, or to have difficulty following directions.

• #17 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Nursing Care Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impact daily functioning. ADHD can present challenges in academic, social, and familial domains, leading to difficulties in concentration, organization, and impulse control. […] Nurses must be knowledgeable enough in taking care of patients with ADHD; environmental and behavioral settings should be taken into consideration. […] Assessment of ADHD typically involves the comprehensive evaluation of information gathered from a number of sources, including parents/carers, family members, teachers, partners and colleagues, depending on the age of the patient. […] The major goals for a patient with ADHD are: Implement appropriate memory retraining techniques, such as keeping calendar, writing list, memory cue games, mnemonic device using computers, and so forth.

• #18 The diagnosis and management of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in children and young people: a commentary on current practice and future recommendations | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/1/bjgpopen20X101043

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural disorder with symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. It is estimated that the prevalence of ADHD worldwide is 5.29% in children and adolescents, and it is more common in males. ADHD must be diagnosed by a paediatrician, psychiatrist, or ADHD specialist. […] Early diagnosis and intervention improves educational outcomes for children and is important for their social development. The chronic nature of ADHD means that symptoms often persist through to adulthood, initially affecting a child or adolescents schooling, friendships, and daily life, and later on disrupting work and relationships. […] The Care Quality Commission has identified long waiting times between referral and diagnosis, with waits for treatment of up to 18 months. A report by Young Minds in 2018 found the majority of children and young people were waiting 5 months to a year for an initial assessment, and over 50% of children requiring treatment then had to wait at least 6 months before treatment was initiated.

• #19 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (not being able to keep focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting to the setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment without thought). ADHD is considered a chronic and debilitating disorder and is known to impact the individual in many aspects of their life including academic and professional achievements, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning (Harpin, 2005). ADHD can lead to poor self-esteem and social function in children when not appropriately treated (Harpin et al., 2016). […] ADHD is typically diagnosed by mental health providers or primary care providers. A psychiatric evaluation will include a description of symptoms from the patient and caregivers, completion of scales and questionnaires by patient, caregivers and teachers, complete psychiatric and medical history, family history, and information regarding education, environment, and upbringing. It may also include a referral for medical evaluation to rule out other medical conditions.

• #20 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/adhd/

  It is common for children to have challenges with attention, learning or behavior. […] ADHD is the most common mental health problem in children. It affects up to 10% of youth. […] Many children with ADHD have other challenges, including learning or behavioral problems. It is important to diagnose and treat these issues as well. […] Behavior therapy (also called behavior modification therapy) and medicine are the treatments that work best for youth with ADHD. […] Treatment is usually helpful for most children and teens with ADHD. Symptoms improve fastest by using behavior therapy and medicines together. […] With treatment, many young people with ADHD attend college and become successful adults. […] Seattle Childrens Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine providers specialize in evaluating children who might have ADHD. We develop a treatment plan to fit your childs needs. Then we work with you and your childs primary care provider (PCP) to make sure your child gets ongoing care to help them succeed at home, at school and in the community.

• #21 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350895

  In general, a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is made if the core symptoms of ADHD start early in life before age 12 and create major problems at home and at school on an ongoing basis. […] Standard treatments for ADHD in children include medicines, behavior therapy, counseling and education services. These treatments can lessen many of the symptoms of ADHD, but they don’t cure it. Treatment also can help prevent some complications caused by ADHD. It may take some time to find what works best for your child. […] Children with ADHD often benefit from behavior therapy, social skills training, parent skills training and counseling. These may be provided by a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker or other mental health professional. Some children with ADHD also may have other mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. Counseling may help both ADHD and the other condition.

• #22 ADHD in Children and Adolescents | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/all-clinical-recommendations/ADHD.html

  Any child 4 through 18 years of age who presents with academic or behavioral problems and symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity should be evaluated for ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD should be based on the criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, with information obtained from parents/guardians, teachers, and other school and mental health clinicians involved in the child’s care. […] A child being evaluated for ADHD should also be assessed for other conditions that might coexist with ADHD, including emotional, behavioral, developmental, and physical conditions. […] Children with ADHD should be managed following the principles of the chronic care model and the Medical Home. […] Preschool-aged children (4-5 years of age) should be treated with behavior therapy as the first line of treatment. Methylphenidate may be prescribed if the behavior interventions do not provide significant improvement and there is moderate-to-severe continuing disturbance in the child’s function.

• #23 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) possess distinctive behavioral and neurobiological characteristics, and these individuals face a range of unique challenges that may have an impact on optimal management as they transition to full adulthood. […] The challenges related to transition of patients with ADHD from child and adolescent to adult mental health services have been well documented. […] A diagnosis of ADHD also reduces the life expectancy of young adults and increases the mortality rate. […] In AYAs, normal healthy behaviors are often difficult to distinguish from the subtle symptoms of ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD remains a significant challenge in all age groups due to the wide variability in ADHD symptoms, the changes in ADHD symptoms with age, and the presence of comorbidities.

• #24 ADHD in children and youth: Part 1—Etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/adhd-etiology-diagnosis-and-comorbidity

  ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. […] Specific recommendations for information gathering, testing, and referral are offered. […] ADHD prevalence in the paediatric population has been stable over the past three decades except in the USA, where it has increased. […] Current estimates show that 50% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms of ADHD in adolescence and adulthood. […] ADHD is a disorder with multiple etiologies. […] ADHD remains challenging to diagnose because specific biomarkers and symptom specificity are lacking, the scope for differential diagnosis is large, and comorbidities are often present. […] Obtaining a diagnosis of ADHD in preschoolers and adolescents can be complicated. […] The presence of a comorbid disorder can affect symptom presentation, increase symptom severity, and lead to greater functional impairment.

• #25 ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/research

  Multiple approaches showed promising diagnostic performance (e.g., using parental rating scales), but estimates of performance varied considerably across studies, and the strength of evidence (SoE) was generally low. […] Diagnostic test performance likely depends on whether youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are being differentiated from typically developing children or from clinically referred children who had some kind of mental health or behavioral problem. […] Rating scales for parent, teacher, or self-assessment as a diagnostic tool for ADHD have high internal consistency but poor to moderate reliability between raters, indicating that obtaining ratings from multiple informants (the youth, both parents, and teachers) may be valuable to inform clinical judgement.

• #26 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350895

  In general, a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is made if the core symptoms of ADHD start early in life before age 12 and create major problems at home and at school on an ongoing basis. […] Standard treatments for ADHD in children include medicines, behavior therapy, counseling and education services. These treatments can lessen many of the symptoms of ADHD, but they don’t cure it. Treatment also can help prevent some complications caused by ADHD. It may take some time to find what works best for your child. […] Children with ADHD often benefit from behavior therapy, social skills training, parent skills training and counseling. These may be provided by a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker or other mental health professional. Some children with ADHD also may have other mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. Counseling may help both ADHD and the other condition.

• #27 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can often be managed with the right treatment. […] When a child is diagnosed with ADHD, parents often have concerns about which treatment is right for their child. ADHD can often be managed with the right treatment. […] To find the best options for children, it is recommended that parents work closely with others involved in their child’s life teachers, coaches, and other family members. […] For children with ADHD younger than 6 years of age, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends parent training in behavior management as the first line of treatment, before medication is tried. […] For children 6 years of age and older, the recommendations include medication and behavior therapy togetherparent training in behavior management for children up to age 12 and other types of behavior therapy and training for adolescents.

• #28 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  Good treatment plans will include close monitoring of whether and how much the treatment helps the child’s behavior, as well as making changes as needed along the way. […] Behavior therapy is an important part of treatment for children with ADHD. […] For young children with ADHD, behavior therapy is an important first step before trying medication because: Parent training in behavior management gives parents the skills and strategies to help their child. […] For children ages 6 years and older, AAP recommends combining medication treatment with behavior therapy. […] Medication can help children manage their ADHD symptoms in their everyday life and can help them control the behaviors that cause difficulties with family, friends, and at school. […] For children under 6 years of age, experts recommend using medication only after behavior therapy has been tried because the medication may not be as effective, and the side effects may be more severe. […] It is important for parents to work with their child’s healthcare providers to find the medication that works best for their child.

• #29 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  A child with ADHD has three main symptoms inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. […] A child with ADHD needs support and understanding from their family, carers and teachers. […] Medication, positive parenting strategies, school support and counselling may help children with ADHD and their families. […] ADHD is a condition that affects a young child’s behaviour and learning. […] Caring for a child with ADHD can be challenging. […] Make sure everyone who cares for the child uses a consistent approach and works as a team to support each other. […] There are a number of ways to help reduce your child’s ADHD symptoms. […] ADHD medications are most commonly stimulant medications. They can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve a child’s ability to focus, work, and learn. […] Parents and carers of children with ADHD may find that they benefit from parenting skills training that helps them learn how to encourage and reward positive behaviours in their child.

• #30 ADHD in children and young people

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/adhd-children-teenagers/

  Talk to a SENCO (special educational needs coordinator), or a school nurse where available, about changes that could help a child or young person. […] ADHD medicines must be started and monitored by an ADHD specialist. […] Talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) might be recommended to help a child or young person with ADHD with problem solving and expressing their feelings. […] If your child or teenager has ADHD, there are ways you can help them manage their symptoms with support from their school or a doctor.

• #31 ADHD in Children and Adolescents | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/all-clinical-recommendations/ADHD.html

  Elementary school-aged children (6-11 years of age) should be treated with FDA-approved medications for ADHD and/or behavioral therapy. […] Adolescents (12-18 years of age) should be treated with FDA-approved medications, with assent, for ADHD and may be treated with behavioral therapy. […] Co-morbid conditions should be diagnosed and managed appropriately.

• #32 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder marked by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. […] Symptoms begin in childhood and can interfere with daily life, including social relationships and school or work performance. […] Effective treatments are available to manage symptoms. […] Therapy for children and teens requires parents to play an active role. Treatment sessions with the child alone are more likely to be effective for treating symptoms of anxiety or depression that may co-occur with ADHD than for managing core symptoms of the disorder. […] Many children and teens with ADHD benefit from school-based behavioral interventions and academic accommodations. Interventions include behavior management plans or classroom-taught organizational and study skills.

• #33 Supporting children and young people with ADHD | Anna Freud

  https://www.annafreud.org/resources/family-wellbeing/supporting-treatments/supporting-children-and-young-people-with-adhd

  Information for parents and carers to support children and young people with ADHD. […] ADHD is a behavioural disorder with three main categories of symptoms; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. […] A child or young person with ADHD can be challenging due to the intensity of their behaviours. […] ADHD involves inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviours. These can all be quite disruptive in everyday life and can be difficult to manage for a parent or carer. […] There are many ways to support a child or young person with ADHD. Understanding ADHD is one way to help: learning how it impacts the child or young person, understand it from their perspective and normalise it. […] A routine will help your child, they can focus on their tasks for the day. […] It is important to be open to a child or young person with ADHD, ask questions about their experiences rather than statements or your own opinions about it.

• #34 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can often be managed with the right treatment. […] When a child is diagnosed with ADHD, parents often have concerns about which treatment is right for their child. ADHD can often be managed with the right treatment. […] To find the best options for children, it is recommended that parents work closely with others involved in their child’s life teachers, coaches, and other family members. […] For children with ADHD younger than 6 years of age, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends parent training in behavior management as the first line of treatment, before medication is tried. […] For children 6 years of age and older, the recommendations include medication and behavior therapy togetherparent training in behavior management for children up to age 12 and other types of behavior therapy and training for adolescents.

• #35 Preschoolers and ADHD – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/for-parents/preschoolers-and-adhd/

  Parenting a Child with ADHD […] ADHD Toolkit Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Teens […] Evaluating for Childhood ADHD […] Treatment Overview […] Managing Medication […] Psychosocial Treatments […] Parent Training and Education […] School Interventions […] Social Skills Interventions […] ADHD and Childcare […] Diagnosing ADHD in Adolescence […] Treatment of Teens with ADHD […] Parenting Teens with ADHD […] Preschoolers with ADHD […] Behavioral Therapy for Young Children […] Preschoolers with ADHD are more likely to have difficulties in daycare or school, including problems with peer relationships, learning, and a higher risk of injuries. An early diagnosis is important so that your child can get the needed help to minimize these problems. […] When it comes to treatment for preschool and kindergarten-aged children, the AAP calls for behavioral treatments first and medication only when needed. Behavioral therapy from child and adolescent therapists who specialize in ADHD will provide both the parents and the children techniques to teach and reinforce positive behaviors and skills.

• #36 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder marked by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. […] Symptoms begin in childhood and can interfere with daily life, including social relationships and school or work performance. […] Effective treatments are available to manage symptoms. […] Therapy for children and teens requires parents to play an active role. Treatment sessions with the child alone are more likely to be effective for treating symptoms of anxiety or depression that may co-occur with ADHD than for managing core symptoms of the disorder. […] Many children and teens with ADHD benefit from school-based behavioral interventions and academic accommodations. Interventions include behavior management plans or classroom-taught organizational and study skills.

• #37 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  Students whose ADHD impairs their learning may qualify for special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or for a Section 504 plan (for children who do not require special education) under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Children with ADHD can benefit from study skills instruction, changes to the classroom setup, alternative teaching techniques and a modified curriculum.

• #38 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  ADHD treatment usually encompasses a combination of therapy and medication intervention. In preschool-age and younger children, the recommended first-line approach includes behavioral strategies in the form of parent management training and school intervention. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based therapy modality to help young children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. […] Teachers and school staff can provide parents and doctors with information to help evaluate behavior and learning problems and can assist with behavioral training. However, school staff cannot diagnose ADHD, make decisions about treatment or require that a student take medication to attend school. Only parents and guardians can make those decisions with the child’s health care clinician.

• #39 Neurodiversity (ADHD and Autism) – A guide for teachers – Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.tewv.nhs.uk/about-your-care/conditions/adhd/information-for-teachers/

  Research has shown that structured programmes of advice for parents and teachers can improve behaviour and concentration. […] Working with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism in the classroom can be challenging. Don’t take it personally. There is a medical reason for much of the child/young person’s behaviour. A reason is not an excuse. ADHD and Autism, is the reason for unacceptable behaviour, but not an excuse for it. […] Every adult in school should understand the needs of the child and good communication with parents ensures consistency of approach to the academic and social difficulties that may arise in school. […] With your help children and young people with ADHD and Autism can learn to control their behaviour better. […] Regular child or young person centred reviews should be held in school. Parents /carers, teachers, SENCO’s and the child or young person should work closely together.

• #40 Identifying and Treating ADHD in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/psych/mental-health-professional-resources/primary-care-articles/identifying-treating-adhd/

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in childhood. Approximately 11.3% of youth (ages 5 to 17) in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD. […] With all this in mind, its important for primary care providers to know how to recognize, diagnose and treat ADHD in their practices. […] Timely identification of youth with ADHD is critical, as poorly controlled ADHD symptoms can negatively impact their academic performance, peer relationships and self-esteem. […] Both behavioral therapy and medication can help children with ADHD and age is a critical determining factor in what providers may choose. […] Nonpharmacological treatment approaches are a critical component of an ADHD treatment plan. This often includes behavior therapy, such as parent management training (PMT), and school-based interventions.

• #41 Identifying and Treating ADHD in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/psych/mental-health-professional-resources/primary-care-articles/identifying-treating-adhd/

  For children under age 6, mental health experts recommend behavior therapy as a first-line treatment. […] For children ages 6 to 11 years, the gold standard treatment is a combination of medication and behavior therapy. […] For youth ages 12 years and older, a multimodal treatment approach remains first-line; however, providers must consider unique circumstances in adolescent developmental including incorporating increased collaboration between parents and adolescent in developing behavioral contingencies, engaging in collaborative problem solving and improving parent-adolescent conflict and communication.

• #42 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD in Children CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder-adhd-in-children/

  In this course we will learn about ADHD in children, and why it is important for pediatric healthcare providers to identify the signs and treatment options. […] It is vital for nurses and healthcare providers to recognize the signs and symptoms of ADHD in children, so they are able to reach their full potential. […] Providers must utilize evidence-based practice protocols from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) to treat ADHD in children. […] Healthcare providers need to recognize the symptoms of ADHD in children and get them the care they need to reduce the adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD. […] The evaluation for ADHD in children must be comprehensive so that a diagnosis can be confirmed and other diagnoses can be excluded. […] Treatment for ADHD is multimodal and involves medication, school-based, family, and behavioral interventions.

• #43 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD in Children CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder-adhd-in-children/

  Behavior interventions are a central part of treatment for ADHD in children. […] The goal of behavior interventions includes changing the social and physical environment of the child with ADHD using rewards and not punishment to change their behavior. […] There are hundreds of different ADHD medications available. […] Stimulant medications used to treat ADHD in children have common side effects that must be monitored and addressed. […] Treating ADHD is extremely important. Untreated ADHD can result in severe problems. These can be long-term complications and include substance abuse, lack of self-esteem, eating disorders, impulsive behavior, frequent vehicle accidents, injuries, relationship difficulties, financial and employment instability, depression, and anxiety. […] The care of children with ADHD is multimodal and requires the whole family and community to assist with behavioral interventions. For children who are on ADHD medication, it is essential to monitor closely for side effects and growth.

• #44 The Nurse Role in the Management of ADHD in Children and Adolescent: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8902137/

  To review literature regarding existing and recommended roles for nurses in the management of children with ADHD. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary across countries with nurses working independently or as part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] The literature review gave information to suggest that nurses can have a significant role in providing a range of medical and non-medical management. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary, and the requirements for training and certification for specialties within nursing differed between countries. […] In this review, we found nurses working either independently or as a part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] Nurses already carry out many key tasks relating to children and adolescents with ADHD, although the extent of this practice seems to vary between areas and countries.

• #45 The Nurse Role in the Management of ADHD in Children and Adolescent: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8902137/

  In fact, nurses were recommended to be involved in almost every aspect of ADHD management including assessment and diagnostics, psychosocial support, medical, and non-medical treatment, and in the lead of entire ADHD services. […] Providing support and care may be of particular importance for lifelong chronic conditions. […] This literature review gives information to suggest that nurses can play a major role in providing continuity of care for children and adolescents with ADHD.

• #46 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-2/

  Nurses and healthcare providers usually present a fundamental role in the management of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a disorder that is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development which often persists into adolescence and adulthood. […] This nursing guide highlights an overview of ADHD, its nursing care management, interventions, and assessment. […] Nursing care for a client with ADHD includes the following: […] During assessment, the nurse gathers information through direct observation and from the child’s parents, daycare providers (if any), and teachers. […] Nursing diagnosis commonly used when working with children with ADHD include the following: […] Treatment outcomes for clients with ADHD may include the following: […] Nursing interventions for clients with ADHD include: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a client with ADHD includes the following:

• #47

  https://ijanm.com/HTML_Papers/International%20Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Nursing%20Management__PID__2015-3-2-16.html

  Childhood behavioral disorders include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD). Nurses play a vital role in the management of Childhood Behavioral Disorders. The nursing management of Childhood Behavioral Disorders shall be discussed well through the application nursing process approach. […] Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders (ADHD) is a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity. ADHD begins in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. About 30% to 50% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms as adults. […] During assessment, the nurse gathers information from the child’s parents, day care providers (if any), and teachers as well as through direct observation.

• #48 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  This article describes a nurse-led innovation to improve assessment, diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. […] To improve care for the children and young people it serves, a mental health service developed a nurse-led initiative that improved multidisciplinary working, including shared care with general practice. […] The project increased the teams capacity and reduced the waiting list for patients. […] By improving communication with GPs, it also allowed patients repeat prescriptions to be managed in primary care. […] Overall, the new model has also made an annual saving for the trust in prescription costs. […] It is, therefore, important that advanced nurses explore innovations in assessment tools that may maximise diagnostic accuracy and equity across service provision.

• #49 Evaluating nurse prescriber-led ADHD clinics for children and young people | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/evaluating-nurse-prescriber-led-adhd-clinics-for-children-and-young-people-30-01-2023/

  Nurse prescribers often manage children and young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, many of whom present with complex, comorbid mental health difficulties that require longer follow-up and additional therapies. […] A mental health trust undertook a service evaluation to explore the safety and effectiveness of nurse prescriber-led clinics. […] NPs in ADHD clinics are responsible for medication initiation, stabilisation, monitoring and review, and staffing levels should align with the caseload. […] Often, children and young people (CYP) in ADHD clinics have comorbid mental health difficulties. […] Since 2019, there has been a national 33% year-on-year referral increase into CAMHS for a range of mental health conditions and long wait times can delay treatment for these additional mental health needs.

• #50 ADHD: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOoqCmTto26vRm23Ipa4_eTidJRktMH4RFATjMWdKhRUOEJQ7p_QY

  ADHD management typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. The approach is tailored to the individuals needs, age, and the severity of symptoms. In children, behavioral interventions often focus on improving school performance, social interactions, and managing disruptive behavior. […] Nurses can help in managing ADHD by providing education, supporting medication adherence, and helping families implement behavioral strategies. Nurses can assist with monitoring medication effects, encouraging adherence to therapy, and offering resources to support academic or occupational success. […] Education can help patients and their caregivers understand ADHD and manage symptoms effectively. Consider the following with patient education: […] Encourage families to stay involved in the patients care and work closely with teachers or employers to provide consistent support across settings.

• #51 Evaluating nurse prescriber-led ADHD clinics for children and young people | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/evaluating-nurse-prescriber-led-adhd-clinics-for-children-and-young-people-30-01-2023/

  Nurse prescribers often manage children and young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, many of whom present with complex, comorbid mental health difficulties that require longer follow-up and additional therapies. […] A mental health trust undertook a service evaluation to explore the safety and effectiveness of nurse prescriber-led clinics. […] NPs in ADHD clinics are responsible for medication initiation, stabilisation, monitoring and review, and staffing levels should align with the caseload. […] Often, children and young people (CYP) in ADHD clinics have comorbid mental health difficulties. […] Since 2019, there has been a national 33% year-on-year referral increase into CAMHS for a range of mental health conditions and long wait times can delay treatment for these additional mental health needs.

• #52 School nurses key to providing ‘safety net’ for children with ADHD | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/analysis/school-nurses-key-to-providing-safety-net-for-children-with-adhd/

  School nurses are playing a major role in giving children safe access to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication in schools. […] Ms Graham believes it is imperative to have a school nurse overseeing medication for children in schools noting the potential for risk when busy admin staff are asked to do this instead. […] Ms Graham says her role is vital in reminding children to take their medications throughout the day, and for safely providing ADHD medication to pupils who may have forgotten to take their medication before school. […] Julia Parsons, a school nurse at Leicester Grammar School, says school nurses offer a crucial line of communication between parents, teachers and specialists outside of the school environment. […] Both Ms Parsons and Ms Graham told Nursing in Practice that they had seen a significant rise in parents seeking diagnosis or pupils presenting with ADHD symptoms since the Covid-19 pandemic.

• #53 School nurses key to providing ‘safety net’ for children with ADHD | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/analysis/school-nurses-key-to-providing-safety-net-for-children-with-adhd/

  Chief executive and founder of charity ADHD UK, Henry Shelford, says it is unrealistic to expect children with ADHD to always remember to take their medication at home, especially if they take different prescriptions throughout the day. […] Given this, Mr Shelford believes schools should provide a safety net for students who have forgotten to take their ADHD medication and sees school nurses as a key part of this. […] ADHD can make children feel very isolated, and a school nurse can be that person they trust to help them, Mr Shelford says. […] Earlier this month, Nursing in Practice reported on findings from the School and Public Health Nurses Association (SAPHNA) which found that more than four in five school nurses do not have enough staff to deliver a school nursing service.

• #54 ADHD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/adhd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  ADHD often becomes noticeable in childhood, usually when a child starts going to school and continues into adulthood. […] Nurses may care for patients with ADHD in schools, public health settings, and when admitted for inpatient care. Nurses are involved with educating parents of children with ADHD and supporting them through pharmacological and behavioral health treatment. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. […] Family members may have difficulty providing efficient support or guidance to the client with ADHD. […] ADHD causes low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which helps control movements and emotions, and can cause altered thinking. […] Poor dietary habits have been linked to ADHD, and stimulant medications prescribed for the disorder can cause appetite suppression and weight loss.

• #55

  https://neurolaunch.com/which-nursing-objective-would-the-nurse-add-to-the-plan-of-care-for-a-child-with-adhd/

  Developing an effective nursing care plan for a child with ADHD requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique needs of each individual. The first step in this process is a thorough assessment of the child’s symptoms, strengths, and challenges. This assessment should include information from multiple sources, such as parents, teachers, and direct observations of the child in various settings. […] Collaboration with multidisciplinary teams is essential in developing a comprehensive care plan. This may include working with pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, occupational therapists, and special education professionals. Each team member brings unique expertise that contributes to a holistic understanding of the child’s needs and the most effective interventions. […] Involving family members in the care planning process is crucial for several reasons. Parents and caregivers provide valuable insights into the child’s behavior at home and can offer context for symptoms observed in other settings. Additionally, family involvement is essential for the successful implementation of interventions and strategies in the home environment. Nurses should educate family members about ADHD, its management, and ways to support the child’s development.

• #56 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  This supports NICEs recommendations, which advise that people with ADHD would benefit from improved organisation of care. […] This includes better integration of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), child health services and adult mental health services. […] NICE, therefore, recommends that these services form multidisciplinary specialist ADHD teams and/or clinics for children and separate teams and/or clinics for adults. […] To address national inconsistencies and long waiting lists, a programme called Focus ADHD is working with NHS trusts across England to improve assessment for children and young people. […] This clinical leadership ensures we have an equitable assessment offer across our three teams and can provide timely care under strong clinical governance within an evidence-based framework.

• #57 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  The project has created a collaborative relationship and consistent approach between CAMHS and GPs in managing ADHD in CYP. […] Across our ADHD teams, up to 90% of patients now receive a shared-care approach, which means their ongoing prescribing has moved to primary care. […] The project has also improved ongoing ADHD management in primary care. […] Improving the communication between providers has enabled a more-fluid transition for patients who need a step-up or step-down of service provision. […] Overall, this model has saved the trust 202,000 a year in prescription costs alone; this equates to a mean average cost of 675.62 per individual. […] There is a need to build a consistent and collaborative pathway that best supports the ongoing management of CYP who require ADHD assessment, diagnosis and treatment. […] Nurse prescribers are ideally placed to offer the knowledge and expertise to drive important change. […] As independent prescribers, we can offer a consistent patient journey from holistic assessment through to treatment and positive outcomes.

• #58 Primary care provision for young people with ADHD: a multi-perspective qualitative study | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/74/743/e408

  Several HCPs and participants with lived experience spoke about the mental health cost of living with ADHD and trying to access care, including reports of self-harm and suicidality. […] HCPs and participants with lived experience agreed that clarification or standardisation of responsibilities for provision would be helpful. […] Many participants expressed a need for improved training and information, such as on care plans/pathways and medication, to help them feel more confident in caring for patients with ADHD. […] Participants discussed a range of ways that support for ADHD in primary care could be improved. Flexibility was highlighted by many HCPs, including varied ways to book appointments/contact patients. […] Reasonable adjustments at practice level, such as offering longer appointments and simplifying administration processes, could help meet the requirements of the Equality Act 2010 by making health care more accessible to individuals living with the attentional and organisational challenges related to ADHD.

• #59 School nurses key to providing ‘safety net’ for children with ADHD | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/analysis/school-nurses-key-to-providing-safety-net-for-children-with-adhd/

  School nurses are playing a major role in giving children safe access to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication in schools. […] Ms Graham believes it is imperative to have a school nurse overseeing medication for children in schools noting the potential for risk when busy admin staff are asked to do this instead. […] Ms Graham says her role is vital in reminding children to take their medications throughout the day, and for safely providing ADHD medication to pupils who may have forgotten to take their medication before school. […] Julia Parsons, a school nurse at Leicester Grammar School, says school nurses offer a crucial line of communication between parents, teachers and specialists outside of the school environment. […] Both Ms Parsons and Ms Graham told Nursing in Practice that they had seen a significant rise in parents seeking diagnosis or pupils presenting with ADHD symptoms since the Covid-19 pandemic.

• #60 The Nurse Role in the Management of ADHD in Children and Adolescent: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8902137/

  To review literature regarding existing and recommended roles for nurses in the management of children with ADHD. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary across countries with nurses working independently or as part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] The literature review gave information to suggest that nurses can have a significant role in providing a range of medical and non-medical management. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary, and the requirements for training and certification for specialties within nursing differed between countries. […] In this review, we found nurses working either independently or as a part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] Nurses already carry out many key tasks relating to children and adolescents with ADHD, although the extent of this practice seems to vary between areas and countries.

• #61 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  This article describes a nurse-led innovation to improve assessment, diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. […] To improve care for the children and young people it serves, a mental health service developed a nurse-led initiative that improved multidisciplinary working, including shared care with general practice. […] The project increased the teams capacity and reduced the waiting list for patients. […] By improving communication with GPs, it also allowed patients repeat prescriptions to be managed in primary care. […] Overall, the new model has also made an annual saving for the trust in prescription costs. […] It is, therefore, important that advanced nurses explore innovations in assessment tools that may maximise diagnostic accuracy and equity across service provision.

• #62 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  This article describes a nurse-led innovation to improve assessment, diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. […] To improve care for the children and young people it serves, a mental health service developed a nurse-led initiative that improved multidisciplinary working, including shared care with general practice. […] The project increased the teams capacity and reduced the waiting list for patients. […] By improving communication with GPs, it also allowed patients repeat prescriptions to be managed in primary care. […] Overall, the new model has also made an annual saving for the trust in prescription costs. […] It is, therefore, important that advanced nurses explore innovations in assessment tools that may maximise diagnostic accuracy and equity across service provision.

• #63 Evaluating nurse prescriber-led ADHD clinics for children and young people | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/evaluating-nurse-prescriber-led-adhd-clinics-for-children-and-young-people-30-01-2023/

  Inadequate staffing levels, case complexity and unscheduled work also contribute to delays in treatment and services ability to adhere to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellences (NICE) ADHD guidance. […] To address the above issues, we designed a service evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of NP-led ADHD clinics in Hampshire CAMHS. […] Overall results for the five areas (namely, safe, effective, caring, responsive and well led) are shown in Fig 1. […] NPs mostly agreed that thorough risk assessment and collaborative care planning occurred during an ADHD clinic appointment. […] In total, 100% of NPs and 83% of DMPs reported that the care and treatment of patients were delivered in line with legislation. […] NPs were also asked questions about service user participation and flexibility for young people regarding their privacy and parental engagement; 100% responded that they prioritise this.

• #64 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350895

  Your child should see a healthcare professional regularly while being treated for ADHD. If symptoms are much better and stable, visits usually take place every 3 to 6 months. […] Caring for a child with ADHD can be challenging for the whole family. Caregivers may be distressed by their child’s behavior as well as by the way other people respond. The stress of dealing with ADHD can lead to conflict in a marriage or partnership. These problems can be made worse by the financial burden that ADHD can place on families.

• #65 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know

  Mental health professionals can educate parents about the disorder and how it affects a family. They also can help parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to their child. Examples include parenting skills training, stress management techniques for parents, and support groups that help parents and families connect with others who have similar concerns. […] Although there is no cure for ADHD, current treatments may help reduce symptoms and improve functioning. Common treatments for ADHD are medication, psychotherapy, and other behavioral interventions. For children, treatment often includes parent education and school-based programs. […] Psychological interventions for ADHD can take many forms and be combined with medication and other elements for parents, families, and teachers. […] Some people find it helpful to get support from a professional life coach or ADHD coach who can teach them skills to improve daily functioning.

• #66 Supporting children and young people with ADHD | Anna Freud

  https://www.annafreud.org/resources/family-wellbeing/supporting-treatments/supporting-children-and-young-people-with-adhd

  Information for parents and carers to support children and young people with ADHD. […] ADHD is a behavioural disorder with three main categories of symptoms; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. […] A child or young person with ADHD can be challenging due to the intensity of their behaviours. […] ADHD involves inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviours. These can all be quite disruptive in everyday life and can be difficult to manage for a parent or carer. […] There are many ways to support a child or young person with ADHD. Understanding ADHD is one way to help: learning how it impacts the child or young person, understand it from their perspective and normalise it. […] A routine will help your child, they can focus on their tasks for the day. […] It is important to be open to a child or young person with ADHD, ask questions about their experiences rather than statements or your own opinions about it.

• #67 The diagnosis and management of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in children and young people: a commentary on current practice and future recommendations | BJGP Open

  https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/1/bjgpopen20X101043

  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance gives clear recommendations for initial diagnosis, ongoing symptom management, and transition of care for children and young people with ADHD. […] Most families received no written information about ADHD at diagnosis, whereas NICE guidance states that support should be offered to families, and parents should be asked how the diagnosis has affected them and how they can be supported. […] A number of international recommendations to primary care and CAMHS arose from the multicentre study that would improve service provision to children and young people with ADHD. The overall recommendation is a requirement for improved adherence to NICE guidance in order to promote equality across healthcare services for children and young people.

• #68 Preschoolers and ADHD – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/for-parents/preschoolers-and-adhd/

  Parent training programs taught by trained therapists can give caretakers the tools and strategies to help children who have ADHD. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 1 in 2 preschoolers do not receive recommended behavioral treatment. The rates of preschool-aged children taking medication for ADHD has doubled in the last four years, and 1 in 4 receive only medication treatment, which should be the last resort. […] There is a movement within the field of ADHD to increase access to behavior therapy for young children, particularly to behavioral parenting therapy that is considered evidence-based and effective.

• #69 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4784-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  ADHD is treatable with medications and therapies that manage symptoms and make daily life easier. […] ADHD symptoms begin in childhood (commonly between ages 3 and 6) and may continue into adulthood. But some people don’t get a diagnosis until they’re adults. […] If your child has ADHD, their provider may recommend one or more of the following: Parent training. Therapists teach you how to help your child build on their strengths and improve behaviors that cause them difficulty. […] The goal of ADHD treatment is to improve symptoms as your child goes about their daily life. […] Yes, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) considers ADHD a developmental disability. The condition can affect your child’s ability to do their daily activities, including learning at school. Your child may qualify for special education and/or modified instruction in school. […] ADHD doesn’t go away but doesn’t have to be an impairing condition. You can’t outgrow it, but treatment can help manage your symptoms.

• #70 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4784-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  ADHD is treatable with medications and therapies that manage symptoms and make daily life easier. […] ADHD symptoms begin in childhood (commonly between ages 3 and 6) and may continue into adulthood. But some people don’t get a diagnosis until they’re adults. […] If your child has ADHD, their provider may recommend one or more of the following: Parent training. Therapists teach you how to help your child build on their strengths and improve behaviors that cause them difficulty. […] The goal of ADHD treatment is to improve symptoms as your child goes about their daily life. […] Yes, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) considers ADHD a developmental disability. The condition can affect your child’s ability to do their daily activities, including learning at school. Your child may qualify for special education and/or modified instruction in school. […] ADHD doesn’t go away but doesn’t have to be an impairing condition. You can’t outgrow it, but treatment can help manage your symptoms.

• #71 ADHD Support For Your Child | Parents Advice Guide | YoungMinds

  https://www.youngminds.org.uk/parent/parents-a-z-mental-health-guide/adhd/

  You and your child should be offered support and advice to help you manage some of the challenges that might be affecting day-to-day life. Medication and talking therapies may also be offered. These options should be discussed with you when your child is diagnosed. […] Parenting a child with ADHD can sometimes be isolating, upsetting or exhausting. Sometimes parents feel judged or blamed by others (unjustifiably as parenting does not cause ADHD). It is entirely understandable if you are finding things difficult. […] It’s important to recognise the impact the situation is having on you, and think about ways you can take care of yourself including getting support from other people so that you can take some time off.

• #72 ADHD and Exhaustion: Providing Care for Children | Best Care

  https://bestcaremn.com/blog/kids-with-addadhd-should-receive-excellent-home-care-services/

  To avoid burnout, its important to establish a support network and incorporate self-care practices into your routine. […] ADHD and exhaustion are closely linked and managing your well-being is crucial to providing effective care. […] Managing ADHD in children requires patience, consistency, and a deep understanding of the condition. As a caregiver to a child with ADHD, you provide a supportive and structured environment that helps children manage their symptoms effectively.

• #73 ADHD Support For Your Child | Parents Advice Guide | YoungMinds

  https://www.youngminds.org.uk/parent/parents-a-z-mental-health-guide/adhd/

  You and your child should be offered support and advice to help you manage some of the challenges that might be affecting day-to-day life. Medication and talking therapies may also be offered. These options should be discussed with you when your child is diagnosed. […] Parenting a child with ADHD can sometimes be isolating, upsetting or exhausting. Sometimes parents feel judged or blamed by others (unjustifiably as parenting does not cause ADHD). It is entirely understandable if you are finding things difficult. […] It’s important to recognise the impact the situation is having on you, and think about ways you can take care of yourself including getting support from other people so that you can take some time off.

• #74 5 tips for managing ADHD in children – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/5-tips-to-manage-adhd-in-children

  While treatment won’t cure ADHD, it can help a great deal with symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications and behavioral interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in outcome. […] It’s also essential to work with a therapist who specializes in ADHD to learn coping mechanisms — beyond medications — that can help with ADHD symptoms and behaviors. A therapist can enhance the effectiveness of the medication and give tools to empower those with ADHD using behavioral, psychological, social, educational and lifestyle interventions. […] Here are five behavioral strategies to help manage your child’s ADHD: […] If your child is on medication for ADHD, make sure they take it as prescribed. Contact your child’s healthcare team if problems arise. Ensure your child is getting enough sleep, eating a well-balanced diet consisting of three meals, a snack and adequate fluids daily, and has an outlet for some form of daily exercise. These healthy habits will help your child to feel their best and help minimize ADHD symptoms.

• #75 5 tips for managing ADHD in children – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/5-tips-to-manage-adhd-in-children

  Work together to make a checklist of what needs to be done daily for your child to refer to, including such tasks as chores, getting ready for bed and preparing for school. […] Be a good role model for the behavior you want your child to use. Factor in some special time three to five days a week with your child that is conflict-free and does not involve a screen to help maintain a solid parent-child relationship. Help your child develop at least one close friendship.

• #76 ADHD across the lifespan: What it looks like in children and teens | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine

  https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-across-the-lifespan-what-it-looks-like-in-children-and-teens

  The right treatment, support, and coping strategies can help young people with ADHD at each stage of their development. […] Here are some ways parents, teachers, and other caregivers can help young people navigate ADHD from childhood through adolescence. […] Children with ADHD thrive on predictability. Set a consistent schedule and stick to it as much as possible. This provides a sense of stability and helps them stay on track. […] Individualized training and support that build organizational, social, and behavioral skills can help young people with ADHD surviveand thriveat school. […] Mental health professionals offer therapy, education, and support to help young people manage ADHD. They can also help parents of children with ADHD learn about the disorder, develop new skills, and connect with other parents in similar situations. […] Puberty can exacerbate ADHD symptoms, making it harder for teenagers to stay focused, remember things, and manage their emotions. […] Therapists and other mental health professionals can help teenagers with ADHD develop effective skills to manage their symptoms now and as they grow older.

• #77 Neurodiversity (ADHD and Autism) – A guide for teachers – Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.tewv.nhs.uk/about-your-care/conditions/adhd/information-for-teachers/

  Research has shown that structured programmes of advice for parents and teachers can improve behaviour and concentration. […] Working with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism in the classroom can be challenging. Don’t take it personally. There is a medical reason for much of the child/young person’s behaviour. A reason is not an excuse. ADHD and Autism, is the reason for unacceptable behaviour, but not an excuse for it. […] Every adult in school should understand the needs of the child and good communication with parents ensures consistency of approach to the academic and social difficulties that may arise in school. […] With your help children and young people with ADHD and Autism can learn to control their behaviour better. […] Regular child or young person centred reviews should be held in school. Parents /carers, teachers, SENCO’s and the child or young person should work closely together.

• #78 Attention Deficit Disorder in Children | CarePlus New Jersey

  https://careplusnj.org/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-children/

  Family members of a kid with ADHD and the child’s teachers can work together to be more aware of the child’s symptoms and other children with common symptoms of ADHD. […] Children with ADHD may struggle with social skills, impacting relationships and interactions with peers. […] Teachers of children with ADHD can practice the following tips for their classroom: Create a structured and predictable classroom environment. […] ADHD affects a child’s parents and siblings as much as it does them. […] Nutrition and exercise can help manage ADHD. […] ADHD is a complex condition that requires understanding, support, and appropriate management. By recognizing the symptoms of ADHD, seeking professional help, and implementing strategies to manage ADHD symptoms, children with ADHD can thrive academically, socially, and emotionally. […] If you have concerns about your child’s behavior, seek professional guidance from our team at CarePlus New Jersey.

• #79 Neurodiversity (ADHD and Autism) – A guide for teachers – Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.tewv.nhs.uk/about-your-care/conditions/adhd/information-for-teachers/

  Research has shown that structured programmes of advice for parents and teachers can improve behaviour and concentration. […] Working with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism in the classroom can be challenging. Don’t take it personally. There is a medical reason for much of the child/young person’s behaviour. A reason is not an excuse. ADHD and Autism, is the reason for unacceptable behaviour, but not an excuse for it. […] Every adult in school should understand the needs of the child and good communication with parents ensures consistency of approach to the academic and social difficulties that may arise in school. […] With your help children and young people with ADHD and Autism can learn to control their behaviour better. […] Regular child or young person centred reviews should be held in school. Parents /carers, teachers, SENCO’s and the child or young person should work closely together.

• #80 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  This care plan is designed to guide nursing professionals in managing and supporting patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It focuses on understanding the condition, identifying symptoms, and implementing effective interventions to improve attention span, reduce hyperactivity, and enhance coping strategies. […] Improved attention span and concentration. […] Reduction in hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. […] Enhanced social and academic functioning. […] Development of effective coping mechanisms. […] Family understanding and support for managing ADHD. […] Structure helps reduce distractions and aids in focusing and task completion. […] Prevention of injury is critical, especially in hyperactive and impulsive individuals. […] Improving social skills can enhance peer relationships and social interactions.

• #81 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  Students whose ADHD impairs their learning may qualify for special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or for a Section 504 plan (for children who do not require special education) under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Children with ADHD can benefit from study skills instruction, changes to the classroom setup, alternative teaching techniques and a modified curriculum.

• #82 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4784-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd

  ADHD is treatable with medications and therapies that manage symptoms and make daily life easier. […] ADHD symptoms begin in childhood (commonly between ages 3 and 6) and may continue into adulthood. But some people don’t get a diagnosis until they’re adults. […] If your child has ADHD, their provider may recommend one or more of the following: Parent training. Therapists teach you how to help your child build on their strengths and improve behaviors that cause them difficulty. […] The goal of ADHD treatment is to improve symptoms as your child goes about their daily life. […] Yes, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) considers ADHD a developmental disability. The condition can affect your child’s ability to do their daily activities, including learning at school. Your child may qualify for special education and/or modified instruction in school. […] ADHD doesn’t go away but doesn’t have to be an impairing condition. You can’t outgrow it, but treatment can help manage your symptoms.

• #83 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  Students whose ADHD impairs their learning may qualify for special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or for a Section 504 plan (for children who do not require special education) under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Children with ADHD can benefit from study skills instruction, changes to the classroom setup, alternative teaching techniques and a modified curriculum.

• #84 Neurodiversity (ADHD and Autism) – A guide for teachers – Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.tewv.nhs.uk/about-your-care/conditions/adhd/information-for-teachers/

  Be consistent. Work out in advance what to do when a child behaves well or where there are difficulties – then do it consistently. […] Use regular rewards systems and keep changing them to maintain interest. […] Use school buddy system to support with friendships. […] Encourage participation in lunch time and after school club. […] Praise – label and praise positive social behaviour you would like to see more of, for example “Well done I really like the way you stayed calm there!”

• #85 ADHD across the lifespan: What it looks like in children and teens | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine

  https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-across-the-lifespan-what-it-looks-like-in-children-and-teens

  The right treatment, support, and coping strategies can help young people with ADHD at each stage of their development. […] Here are some ways parents, teachers, and other caregivers can help young people navigate ADHD from childhood through adolescence. […] Children with ADHD thrive on predictability. Set a consistent schedule and stick to it as much as possible. This provides a sense of stability and helps them stay on track. […] Individualized training and support that build organizational, social, and behavioral skills can help young people with ADHD surviveand thriveat school. […] Mental health professionals offer therapy, education, and support to help young people manage ADHD. They can also help parents of children with ADHD learn about the disorder, develop new skills, and connect with other parents in similar situations. […] Puberty can exacerbate ADHD symptoms, making it harder for teenagers to stay focused, remember things, and manage their emotions. […] Therapists and other mental health professionals can help teenagers with ADHD develop effective skills to manage their symptoms now and as they grow older.

• #86 Neurodiversity (ADHD and Autism) – A guide for teachers – Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.tewv.nhs.uk/about-your-care/conditions/adhd/information-for-teachers/

  Be consistent. Work out in advance what to do when a child behaves well or where there are difficulties – then do it consistently. […] Use regular rewards systems and keep changing them to maintain interest. […] Use school buddy system to support with friendships. […] Encourage participation in lunch time and after school club. […] Praise – label and praise positive social behaviour you would like to see more of, for example “Well done I really like the way you stayed calm there!”

• #87 Supporting children and young people with ADHD | Anna Freud

  https://www.annafreud.org/resources/family-wellbeing/supporting-treatments/supporting-children-and-young-people-with-adhd

  It is key to keep consistent contact with schools and colleges. […] You can work with the school or college to provide goals for your child and discuss strategies to help them. […] It is important to realise that siblings will be impacted by ADHD. […] Extended family may need to be aware of ADHD if they are visiting your child. […] It may be helpful to explain your childs ADHD to extended family, so they are able to support you.

• #88 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/adhd/

  The Behavior and Attention Management Program sees children and teens ages 5 to 15 with disruptive behavior or attention problems, like ADHD, and their families. We offer diagnostic evaluations for ADHD and consultation for children diagnosed with ADHD. […] Our team works with your childs PCP to offer evidence-based treatments tailored to your child. Treatment may include a range of options like parenting groups through the Behavior and Attention Management Program to teach you skills for dealing with ADHD, medicines for ADHD, suggestions for your childs school and referrals to other Seattle Childrens clinics and community resources.

• #89 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  ADHD treatment usually encompasses a combination of therapy and medication intervention. In preschool-age and younger children, the recommended first-line approach includes behavioral strategies in the form of parent management training and school intervention. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based therapy modality to help young children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. […] Teachers and school staff can provide parents and doctors with information to help evaluate behavior and learning problems and can assist with behavioral training. However, school staff cannot diagnose ADHD, make decisions about treatment or require that a student take medication to attend school. Only parents and guardians can make those decisions with the child’s health care clinician.

• #90 ADHD in Kids & Teens (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html

  ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is a medical condition. A person with ADHD has differences in brain development and brain activity that affect attention, the ability to sit still, and self-control. ADHD can affect kids and teens at school, at home, and in friendships. […] Treatment for ADHD usually includes: […] The right treatment helps ADHD improve. Parents and teachers can teach younger kids to get better at managing their attention, behavior, and emotions. As they grow older, kids should learn to improve their own attention and self-control. […] When ADHD is not treated, it can be hard for kids to succeed. This may lead to low self-esteem, depression, oppositional behavior, school failure, risk-taking behavior, or family conflict. […] ADHD can improve when kids get treatment, eat healthy food, get enough sleep and exercise, and have supportive parents who know how to respond to ADHD.

• #91 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Being healthy is important for all children and can be especially important for children with ADHD. The core symptoms of ADHD, including impulsivity and inattention, might lead children to behave in ways that can put their health at risk or cause them to forget healthy and protective behaviors. […] Having a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD deal with stress and difficulties in their daily lives. In addition to recommended treatments such as behavior therapy and medication, a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD manage their ADHD symptoms. Parents and healthcare providers can learn more about health risks associated with ADHD and about healthy habits that can help protect children from long-term health risks. […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for mental, behavioral, and emotional concerns and disorders, such as mood disorders, including anxiety and depression.

• #92 ADHD | What is ADHD & The Effects in Young People | headspace

  https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/adhd/

  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can affect a person’s ability to focus, pay attention and control impulses or restlessness. […] ADHD can impact a person’s ability to do things like study and work. […] There are plenty of strategies, support, and treatments available to help people manage their symptoms, embrace their strengths, and live rewarding, and meaningful lives. […] Despite its challenges, lots of people with ADHD embrace their unique strengths and perspectives, and find ways to thrive in their personal, student or professional lives. […] People experiencing ADHD can find it difficult to do what is expected of them in their studies, relationships, or at work. […] Some of the challenges people with ADHD might experience at school, uni or TAFE are things like: paying attention in class or while studying, time management and completing assignments on time, forgetfulness and disorganisation, impulsivity, like acting without thinking.

• #93 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889

  ADHD can make life hard for children. Children with ADHD often have trouble in the classroom, which can lead to failing grades and being judged by other children and adults. […] To help lower your child’s risk of ADHD: During pregnancy, avoid anything that could harm your baby’s development before birth. For example, don’t drink alcohol, use drugs or smoke cigarettes. Protect your child from exposure to pollutants and toxins, including cigarette smoke and lead paint. Limit screen time. Although still not proved, it may be a good idea for young children to limit TV, video games and other screen time.

• #94 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889

  ADHD can make life hard for children. Children with ADHD often have trouble in the classroom, which can lead to failing grades and being judged by other children and adults. […] To help lower your child’s risk of ADHD: During pregnancy, avoid anything that could harm your baby’s development before birth. For example, don’t drink alcohol, use drugs or smoke cigarettes. Protect your child from exposure to pollutants and toxins, including cigarette smoke and lead paint. Limit screen time. Although still not proved, it may be a good idea for young children to limit TV, video games and other screen time.

• #95

  https://ijanm.com/HTML_Papers/International%20Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Nursing%20Management__PID__2015-3-2-16.html

  Parents may report that the child was fussy and had problems as an infant or they may not have noticed the hyperactive behavior until the child was a toddler or entered day care or school. […] The child cannot sit still in a chair and squirms and wiggles while trying to do so. […] Mood may be labile, even to the point of verbal outbursts or temper tantrums. […] The child is alert and oriented with no sensory or perceptual alterations such as hallucinations. […] Children with ADHD usually exhibit poor judgment and often do not think before acting. […] The self-esteem of children with ADHD is low. […] The child is usually unsuccessful academically and socially at school. […] Nursing diagnoses commonly used when working with children with ADHD include the following: Risk for Injury, Ineffective Role Performance, Impaired Social Interaction, Compromised Family Coping.

• #96 ADHD | What is ADHD & The Effects in Young People | headspace

  https://headspace.org.au/explore-topics/for-young-people/adhd/

  Some of the challenges people with ADHD might experience in their relationships are things like: planning and following through with tasks, which can lead to breaking promises or missing catch-ups, difficulties with communication, like losing track of what has been said or getting distracted and talking off track, difficulty with managing feelings. […] Some of the challenges people with ADHD might experience in the workplace are things like: time management and meeting deadlines, organising competing tasks and completing tasks, being impulsive and making mistakes, talking and interacting with others, and relationships with colleagues. […] With the right strategies and support though, people with ADHD can do well in their studies, careers, and relationships. […] Experiencing ADHD symptoms can impact how a person feels about themselves.

• #97 ADHD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/adhd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Patients with ADHD are at risk for delayed development in behavior, social skills, and learning. […] The core characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder include hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can increase the patients risk for injuries such as fractures, burns, head injuries, occupational injuries, and more.

• #98 ADHD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/adhd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Patients with ADHD are at risk for delayed development in behavior, social skills, and learning. […] The core characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder include hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can increase the patients risk for injuries such as fractures, burns, head injuries, occupational injuries, and more.

• #99 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Children with ADHD have increased risk of injury to the mouth and teeth, as well as cavities (also known as caries or tooth decay). […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for being overweight or having obesity. Healthy habits for children include developing healthy eating habits, participating in daily physical activity based on age, limiting the amount of daily screen time from TVs, computers, phones, and other electronics, and getting the recommended amount of sleep each night based on age. […] Talk with your provider about the best way to protect your child’s health. Additionally, some treatments for ADHD, such as stimulant medication, may have side effects that could affect your child’s health, such as difficulty sleeping and loss of appetite.

• #100 ADHD: Children often use healthcare services before diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/children-with-adhd-frequently-use-healthcare-service-before-diagnosis-study-finds

  A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Nottingham and Kings College London reports that children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are twice as likely to utilize healthcare services in the two years before their diagnosis, compared to their peers. […] Researchers say these findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to consider ADHD as a potential diagnosis, particularly for children seeking medical assistance for common issues such as tonsillitis, asthma, or eczema. […] They say the study sheds light on the challenges faced by young people with ADHD and underscores the importance of early identification and intervention to help prevent long-term health and well-being issues. […] The researchers said that children and young people with ADHD frequently consult healthcare professionals, yet current guidelines from organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the American Academy of Pediatrics lack specific recommendations for earlier ADHD detection.

• #101 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Being healthy is important for all children and can be especially important for children with ADHD. The core symptoms of ADHD, including impulsivity and inattention, might lead children to behave in ways that can put their health at risk or cause them to forget healthy and protective behaviors. […] Having a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD deal with stress and difficulties in their daily lives. In addition to recommended treatments such as behavior therapy and medication, a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD manage their ADHD symptoms. Parents and healthcare providers can learn more about health risks associated with ADHD and about healthy habits that can help protect children from long-term health risks. […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for mental, behavioral, and emotional concerns and disorders, such as mood disorders, including anxiety and depression.

• #102 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  ADHD rarely exists in isolation and is commonly comorbid with other neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders throughout adolescence, including mood and anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, SUDs, oppositional defiant disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and tic disorders. […] Given the nature of symptoms experienced by AYAs with ADHD (eg, impulsivity and difficulty in processing and managing information), when they are asked to make decisions about treatment, support from their parents can be crucial. […] Achieving adherence to ADHD medication is a well documented challenge in the management of adolescents with ADHD, despite evidence suggesting that continued treatment into adulthood improves long-term outcomes. […] Optimal management of AYAs with ADHD may be time-consuming for physicians, but they should be prepared to proactively follow up with the patient to provide ongoing support, monitor medication use, and reinforce the importance of medication adherence. […] The treatment of ADHD in AYAs should therefore be prioritized, and unnecessary delays should be avoided, given that adolescence is a time when the adaptive neurobiological mechanisms of the adolescent brain may be at their most responsive to therapeutic interventions for ADHD.

• #103 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

  An early diagnosis is important so that your child can get the needed help. Don’t wait to see if the problems will get better on their own. Most often, they don’t. […] Unfortunately, children with ADHD are at an increased risk of experiencing depression and suicidal thoughts or behaviors throughout their lifetime, which suggests emotional and social factors should be a focus of care for these children. […] Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning it begins to reveal itself and cause problems as the brain develops during childhood. It impacts the ability to regulate attention, behavior, and emotion.

• #104 Primary care provision for young people with ADHD: a multi-perspective qualitative study | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/74/743/e408

  Several HCPs and participants with lived experience spoke about the mental health cost of living with ADHD and trying to access care, including reports of self-harm and suicidality. […] HCPs and participants with lived experience agreed that clarification or standardisation of responsibilities for provision would be helpful. […] Many participants expressed a need for improved training and information, such as on care plans/pathways and medication, to help them feel more confident in caring for patients with ADHD. […] Participants discussed a range of ways that support for ADHD in primary care could be improved. Flexibility was highlighted by many HCPs, including varied ways to book appointments/contact patients. […] Reasonable adjustments at practice level, such as offering longer appointments and simplifying administration processes, could help meet the requirements of the Equality Act 2010 by making health care more accessible to individuals living with the attentional and organisational challenges related to ADHD.

• #105 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD in Children CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder-adhd-in-children/

  Behavior interventions are a central part of treatment for ADHD in children. […] The goal of behavior interventions includes changing the social and physical environment of the child with ADHD using rewards and not punishment to change their behavior. […] There are hundreds of different ADHD medications available. […] Stimulant medications used to treat ADHD in children have common side effects that must be monitored and addressed. […] Treating ADHD is extremely important. Untreated ADHD can result in severe problems. These can be long-term complications and include substance abuse, lack of self-esteem, eating disorders, impulsive behavior, frequent vehicle accidents, injuries, relationship difficulties, financial and employment instability, depression, and anxiety. […] The care of children with ADHD is multimodal and requires the whole family and community to assist with behavioral interventions. For children who are on ADHD medication, it is essential to monitor closely for side effects and growth.

• #106 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) possess distinctive behavioral and neurobiological characteristics, and these individuals face a range of unique challenges that may have an impact on optimal management as they transition to full adulthood. […] The challenges related to transition of patients with ADHD from child and adolescent to adult mental health services have been well documented. […] A diagnosis of ADHD also reduces the life expectancy of young adults and increases the mortality rate. […] In AYAs, normal healthy behaviors are often difficult to distinguish from the subtle symptoms of ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD remains a significant challenge in all age groups due to the wide variability in ADHD symptoms, the changes in ADHD symptoms with age, and the presence of comorbidities.

• #107 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) possess distinctive behavioral and neurobiological characteristics, and these individuals face a range of unique challenges that may have an impact on optimal management as they transition to full adulthood. […] The challenges related to transition of patients with ADHD from child and adolescent to adult mental health services have been well documented. […] A diagnosis of ADHD also reduces the life expectancy of young adults and increases the mortality rate. […] In AYAs, normal healthy behaviors are often difficult to distinguish from the subtle symptoms of ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD remains a significant challenge in all age groups due to the wide variability in ADHD symptoms, the changes in ADHD symptoms with age, and the presence of comorbidities.

• #108 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Being healthy is important for all children and can be especially important for children with ADHD. The core symptoms of ADHD, including impulsivity and inattention, might lead children to behave in ways that can put their health at risk or cause them to forget healthy and protective behaviors. […] Having a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD deal with stress and difficulties in their daily lives. In addition to recommended treatments such as behavior therapy and medication, a healthy lifestyle can help children with ADHD manage their ADHD symptoms. Parents and healthcare providers can learn more about health risks associated with ADHD and about healthy habits that can help protect children from long-term health risks. […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for mental, behavioral, and emotional concerns and disorders, such as mood disorders, including anxiety and depression.

• #109 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Children with ADHD have increased risk of injury to the mouth and teeth, as well as cavities (also known as caries or tooth decay). […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for being overweight or having obesity. Healthy habits for children include developing healthy eating habits, participating in daily physical activity based on age, limiting the amount of daily screen time from TVs, computers, phones, and other electronics, and getting the recommended amount of sleep each night based on age. […] Talk with your provider about the best way to protect your child’s health. Additionally, some treatments for ADHD, such as stimulant medication, may have side effects that could affect your child’s health, such as difficulty sleeping and loss of appetite.

• #110 5 tips for managing ADHD in children – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/5-tips-to-manage-adhd-in-children

  While treatment won’t cure ADHD, it can help a great deal with symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications and behavioral interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in outcome. […] It’s also essential to work with a therapist who specializes in ADHD to learn coping mechanisms — beyond medications — that can help with ADHD symptoms and behaviors. A therapist can enhance the effectiveness of the medication and give tools to empower those with ADHD using behavioral, psychological, social, educational and lifestyle interventions. […] Here are five behavioral strategies to help manage your child’s ADHD: […] If your child is on medication for ADHD, make sure they take it as prescribed. Contact your child’s healthcare team if problems arise. Ensure your child is getting enough sleep, eating a well-balanced diet consisting of three meals, a snack and adequate fluids daily, and has an outlet for some form of daily exercise. These healthy habits will help your child to feel their best and help minimize ADHD symptoms.

• #111 Protecting the Health of Children with ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/articles/protecting-the-health-of-children.html

  Children with ADHD have increased risk of injury to the mouth and teeth, as well as cavities (also known as caries or tooth decay). […] Children with ADHD are at increased risk for being overweight or having obesity. Healthy habits for children include developing healthy eating habits, participating in daily physical activity based on age, limiting the amount of daily screen time from TVs, computers, phones, and other electronics, and getting the recommended amount of sleep each night based on age. […] Talk with your provider about the best way to protect your child’s health. Additionally, some treatments for ADHD, such as stimulant medication, may have side effects that could affect your child’s health, such as difficulty sleeping and loss of appetite.

• #112 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889

  ADHD can make life hard for children. Children with ADHD often have trouble in the classroom, which can lead to failing grades and being judged by other children and adults. […] To help lower your child’s risk of ADHD: During pregnancy, avoid anything that could harm your baby’s development before birth. For example, don’t drink alcohol, use drugs or smoke cigarettes. Protect your child from exposure to pollutants and toxins, including cigarette smoke and lead paint. Limit screen time. Although still not proved, it may be a good idea for young children to limit TV, video games and other screen time.

• #113 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-children-90-P02552

  ADHD is a behavior disorder. It’s often first diagnosed in childhood. Treatment for ADHD may include psychostimulant medicines. These medicines help balance chemicals in the brain. They help the brain to focus and may reduce the major symptoms of ADHD. Parents may also get training in behavior management skills. Your child may also be able to take self-management training at school. A healthcare provider diagnoses ADHD after observing a child’s behavior and doing certain tests. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] Experts don’t know how to prevent ADHD in children. But spotting and treating it early can lessen symptoms and enhance your child’s normal development. It can also improve your child’s quality of life.

• #114 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889

  ADHD can make life hard for children. Children with ADHD often have trouble in the classroom, which can lead to failing grades and being judged by other children and adults. […] To help lower your child’s risk of ADHD: During pregnancy, avoid anything that could harm your baby’s development before birth. For example, don’t drink alcohol, use drugs or smoke cigarettes. Protect your child from exposure to pollutants and toxins, including cigarette smoke and lead paint. Limit screen time. Although still not proved, it may be a good idea for young children to limit TV, video games and other screen time.

• #115 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) possess distinctive behavioral and neurobiological characteristics, and these individuals face a range of unique challenges that may have an impact on optimal management as they transition to full adulthood. […] The challenges related to transition of patients with ADHD from child and adolescent to adult mental health services have been well documented. […] A diagnosis of ADHD also reduces the life expectancy of young adults and increases the mortality rate. […] In AYAs, normal healthy behaviors are often difficult to distinguish from the subtle symptoms of ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD remains a significant challenge in all age groups due to the wide variability in ADHD symptoms, the changes in ADHD symptoms with age, and the presence of comorbidities.

• #116 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  ADHD rarely exists in isolation and is commonly comorbid with other neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders throughout adolescence, including mood and anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, SUDs, oppositional defiant disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and tic disorders. […] Given the nature of symptoms experienced by AYAs with ADHD (eg, impulsivity and difficulty in processing and managing information), when they are asked to make decisions about treatment, support from their parents can be crucial. […] Achieving adherence to ADHD medication is a well documented challenge in the management of adolescents with ADHD, despite evidence suggesting that continued treatment into adulthood improves long-term outcomes. […] Optimal management of AYAs with ADHD may be time-consuming for physicians, but they should be prepared to proactively follow up with the patient to provide ongoing support, monitor medication use, and reinforce the importance of medication adherence. […] The treatment of ADHD in AYAs should therefore be prioritized, and unnecessary delays should be avoided, given that adolescence is a time when the adaptive neurobiological mechanisms of the adolescent brain may be at their most responsive to therapeutic interventions for ADHD.

• #117 Management of Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Unique Challenges, Innovative Solutions

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/management-adolescents-young-adults-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-unique-challenges-innovative-solutions/

  Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) possess distinctive behavioral and neurobiological characteristics, and these individuals face a range of unique challenges that may have an impact on optimal management as they transition to full adulthood. […] The challenges related to transition of patients with ADHD from child and adolescent to adult mental health services have been well documented. […] A diagnosis of ADHD also reduces the life expectancy of young adults and increases the mortality rate. […] In AYAs, normal healthy behaviors are often difficult to distinguish from the subtle symptoms of ADHD. […] The diagnosis of ADHD remains a significant challenge in all age groups due to the wide variability in ADHD symptoms, the changes in ADHD symptoms with age, and the presence of comorbidities.

• #118 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350895

  Your child should see a healthcare professional regularly while being treated for ADHD. If symptoms are much better and stable, visits usually take place every 3 to 6 months. […] Caring for a child with ADHD can be challenging for the whole family. Caregivers may be distressed by their child’s behavior as well as by the way other people respond. The stress of dealing with ADHD can lead to conflict in a marriage or partnership. These problems can be made worse by the financial burden that ADHD can place on families.

• #119 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  Good treatment plans will include close monitoring of whether and how much the treatment helps the child’s behavior, as well as making changes as needed along the way. […] Behavior therapy is an important part of treatment for children with ADHD. […] For young children with ADHD, behavior therapy is an important first step before trying medication because: Parent training in behavior management gives parents the skills and strategies to help their child. […] For children ages 6 years and older, AAP recommends combining medication treatment with behavior therapy. […] Medication can help children manage their ADHD symptoms in their everyday life and can help them control the behaviors that cause difficulties with family, friends, and at school. […] For children under 6 years of age, experts recommend using medication only after behavior therapy has been tried because the medication may not be as effective, and the side effects may be more severe. […] It is important for parents to work with their child’s healthcare providers to find the medication that works best for their child.

• #120 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  Good treatment plans will include close monitoring of whether and how much the treatment helps the child’s behavior, as well as making changes as needed along the way. […] Behavior therapy is an important part of treatment for children with ADHD. […] For young children with ADHD, behavior therapy is an important first step before trying medication because: Parent training in behavior management gives parents the skills and strategies to help their child. […] For children ages 6 years and older, AAP recommends combining medication treatment with behavior therapy. […] Medication can help children manage their ADHD symptoms in their everyday life and can help them control the behaviors that cause difficulties with family, friends, and at school. […] For children under 6 years of age, experts recommend using medication only after behavior therapy has been tried because the medication may not be as effective, and the side effects may be more severe. […] It is important for parents to work with their child’s healthcare providers to find the medication that works best for their child.

• #121 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  People with ADHD state a preference for digital apps as an adjunct to usual care. […] The limited evidence base on DHIs for ADHD suggests combining digital apps and support networks, and utilising multimodal delivery methods may also enhance the delivery of healthcare information. […] With recent research indicating a failure of healthcare for young people with ADHD, there is a clear need for improvements to existing provision. […] An increased role for primary care in the management of ADHD, may increase access to healthcare for currently underserved groups. […] Digital health interventions (DHIs) offer remote access and the ability to be used repeatedly, which may provide cost effective support and enhance the delivery of healthcare for young people with ADHD via primary care, acting as an adjunct to mental health provisions.

• #122 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative health outcomes, with risks reduced through evidence-based treatments. […] Currently many young people with ADHD are unable to access adequate care, with negative consequences for patients and their communities. […] The aim of this mixed methods study is to explore the healthcare information preferences of people with lived experience of ADHD in the primary care context and considers these in the light of the emerging body of literature on DHIs for ADHD. […] Digital apps, followed by support groups, were deemed the most useful information resource types by survey respondents, but were the least currently used/provided. […] Over 40% participants indicated a preference for signposting to all resource types by their general practitioner (GP), suggesting that GPs are credible sources for ADHD healthcare information.

• #123 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  People with ADHD state a preference for digital apps as an adjunct to usual care. […] The limited evidence base on DHIs for ADHD suggests combining digital apps and support networks, and utilising multimodal delivery methods may also enhance the delivery of healthcare information. […] With recent research indicating a failure of healthcare for young people with ADHD, there is a clear need for improvements to existing provision. […] An increased role for primary care in the management of ADHD, may increase access to healthcare for currently underserved groups. […] Digital health interventions (DHIs) offer remote access and the ability to be used repeatedly, which may provide cost effective support and enhance the delivery of healthcare for young people with ADHD via primary care, acting as an adjunct to mental health provisions.

• #124 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative health outcomes, with risks reduced through evidence-based treatments. […] Currently many young people with ADHD are unable to access adequate care, with negative consequences for patients and their communities. […] The aim of this mixed methods study is to explore the healthcare information preferences of people with lived experience of ADHD in the primary care context and considers these in the light of the emerging body of literature on DHIs for ADHD. […] Digital apps, followed by support groups, were deemed the most useful information resource types by survey respondents, but were the least currently used/provided. […] Over 40% participants indicated a preference for signposting to all resource types by their general practitioner (GP), suggesting that GPs are credible sources for ADHD healthcare information.

• #125 ADHD: Children often use healthcare services before diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/children-with-adhd-frequently-use-healthcare-service-before-diagnosis-study-finds

  A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Nottingham and Kings College London reports that children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are twice as likely to utilize healthcare services in the two years before their diagnosis, compared to their peers. […] Researchers say these findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to consider ADHD as a potential diagnosis, particularly for children seeking medical assistance for common issues such as tonsillitis, asthma, or eczema. […] They say the study sheds light on the challenges faced by young people with ADHD and underscores the importance of early identification and intervention to help prevent long-term health and well-being issues. […] The researchers said that children and young people with ADHD frequently consult healthcare professionals, yet current guidelines from organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the American Academy of Pediatrics lack specific recommendations for earlier ADHD detection.

• #126 ADHD: Children often use healthcare services before diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/children-with-adhd-frequently-use-healthcare-service-before-diagnosis-study-finds

  The researchers said the results are important because it is known that early identification of ADHD can lead to more effective treatments, including therapeutic interventions and medications. […] The researchers said the study underscores the importance of conducting additional research to identify children with ADHD at an earlier stage, thereby enabling them to receive more timely and effective assistance. […] Experts say there is a need to raise awareness of ADHD in order for professionals to consider it as a potential diagnosis. […] Therefore, we used a very large dataset from primary and secondary care medical records (covering 8 percent of the English population) to investigate what happens for young people before diagnosis, he added. […] We found that young people with ADHD attend healthcare services twice as often as controls without ADHD in the two years before diagnosis.

• #127 Increase the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD who get appropriate treatment — EMC‑04 – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/children/increase-proportion-children-and-adolescents-adhd-who-get-appropriate-treatment-emc-04

  Children with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) are more likely to have problems at school and at home. This leads to higher rates of injuries and emergency department visits. […] But many children with ADHD dont get effective behavioral treatment or medication. Strategies to increase access to treatment, like health care provider training or telemental health, and efforts to increase parents involvement in their childs treatment can help more children get the treatment they need. […] Increase the proportion of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who receive developmentally appropriate treatment, including behavioral therapy and/or medication.

• #128 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  Evidence suggests that DHIs for ADHD can be a beneficial adjunct to usual care and improve attention and social function for people with ADHD. […] The aim of this study is to compare the current availability of DHIs which could support the delivery of healthcare for young people with ADHD with the needs and expectations of people with lived experience of ADHD. […] The findings from our survey show that digital apps would be deemed the most useful by young people with ADHD and their supporters, followed by support groups. […] This study investigates the current availability of peer reviewed research on DHIs for young people and ADHD with the preferences of people with lived experience.

• #129 Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a survey and scoping review | BMC Digital Health | Full Text

  https://bmcdigitalhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44247-024-00129-1

  People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative health outcomes, with risks reduced through evidence-based treatments. […] Currently many young people with ADHD are unable to access adequate care, with negative consequences for patients and their communities. […] The aim of this mixed methods study is to explore the healthcare information preferences of people with lived experience of ADHD in the primary care context and considers these in the light of the emerging body of literature on DHIs for ADHD. […] Digital apps, followed by support groups, were deemed the most useful information resource types by survey respondents, but were the least currently used/provided. […] Over 40% participants indicated a preference for signposting to all resource types by their general practitioner (GP), suggesting that GPs are credible sources for ADHD healthcare information.

• #130 The Nurse Role in the Management of ADHD in Children and Adolescent: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8902137/

  To review literature regarding existing and recommended roles for nurses in the management of children with ADHD. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary across countries with nurses working independently or as part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] The literature review gave information to suggest that nurses can have a significant role in providing a range of medical and non-medical management. […] The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary, and the requirements for training and certification for specialties within nursing differed between countries. […] In this review, we found nurses working either independently or as a part of a team with delegated responsibility. […] Nurses already carry out many key tasks relating to children and adolescents with ADHD, although the extent of this practice seems to vary between areas and countries.

• #131 ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision

  https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/887042/adhd-in-children-and-young-people-prevalence-care-pathways-service-provision

  Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioural disorder systematic reviews indicate that the community prevalence of ADHD globally is between 2% to 7%, with an average of around 5%. […] Estimates of the administrative (clinically diagnosed and/or recorded) prevalence vary worldwide and although increasing over time, ADHD is still relatively under-recognised and under-diagnosed in most countries, particularly in girls and older children. […] The timely recognition and treatment of children with ADHD-type difficulties provides an opportunity to improve their long-term outcomes. […] This review includes a systematic review of the community and administrative prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents; an overview of the barriers to accessing care for ADHD; a description of costs associated with ADHD; and a broad discussion of evidence-based pathways for the delivery of clinical care, including a focus on key issues for two specific age groups – pre-school children and adolescents requiring transition of care from child to adult services.

• #132 ADHD: Children often use healthcare services before diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/children-with-adhd-frequently-use-healthcare-service-before-diagnosis-study-finds

  One of the answers may be more training for healthcare professionals. […] Another solution may involve greater services to assess, diagnose and treat young people with ADHD. […] However, the current situation is that there are not enough services and they have long waiting times. […] With that in mind, Prasad concluded by saying we need to design better healthcare pathways that can prioritize young people correctly.

• #133 A nurse-led model of care for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/a-nurse-led-model-of-care-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-05-09-2022/

  The project has created a collaborative relationship and consistent approach between CAMHS and GPs in managing ADHD in CYP. […] Across our ADHD teams, up to 90% of patients now receive a shared-care approach, which means their ongoing prescribing has moved to primary care. […] The project has also improved ongoing ADHD management in primary care. […] Improving the communication between providers has enabled a more-fluid transition for patients who need a step-up or step-down of service provision. […] Overall, this model has saved the trust 202,000 a year in prescription costs alone; this equates to a mean average cost of 675.62 per individual. […] There is a need to build a consistent and collaborative pathway that best supports the ongoing management of CYP who require ADHD assessment, diagnosis and treatment. […] Nurse prescribers are ideally placed to offer the knowledge and expertise to drive important change. […] As independent prescribers, we can offer a consistent patient journey from holistic assessment through to treatment and positive outcomes.

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