Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #2 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #3 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0250-9

  Most patients with GBS, even those who were tetraplegic at nadir or required mechanical ventilation for a long period of time, show extensive recovery, especially in the first year after disease onset. […] About 80% of patients with GBS regain the ability to walk independently at 6 months after disease onset. […] The probability of regaining walking ability can be calculated in individual patients using the modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS) prognostic tool. […] Despite the generally positive prospects for patients with GBS, death occurs in 3-10% of cases, most commonly owing to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, which can occur in both the acute and the recovery phase. […] Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and severe disease at onset. […] Long-term residual complaints are also common and can include neuropathic pain, weakness and fatigue. […] However, recovery from these complaints may still occur 5 years after disease onset. […] Recurrent episodes of GBS are rare, affecting 2-5% of patients, but this percentage is still higher than the lifetime risk of GBS in the general population (0.1%).

• #5 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  Short of death, the worst-case scenario in GBS is tetraplegia within 24 hours, with incomplete recovery after 18 months or longer. The best-case scenario is mild difficulty walking, with recovery within weeks. The usual scenario, however, is peak weakness in 10-14 days, with recovery in weeks to months. Average time on a ventilator (without treatment) is 50 days. There are likely many mild cases of GBS that are never definitively diagnosed, and patients make full recovery without treatment. The spectrum of milder disease has not been well studied nor clarified. […] Approximately 80% patients with GBS walk independently at 6 months, and about 60% of patients attain full recovery of motor strength by 1 year. Recovery in approximately 5-10% of patients with GBS is prolonged, with several months of ventilator dependency and a very delayed, incomplete recovery.

• #6 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  Short of death, the worst-case scenario in GBS is tetraplegia within 24 hours, with incomplete recovery after 18 months or longer. The best-case scenario is mild difficulty walking, with recovery within weeks. The usual scenario, however, is peak weakness in 10-14 days, with recovery in weeks to months. Average time on a ventilator (without treatment) is 50 days. There are likely many mild cases of GBS that are never definitively diagnosed, and patients make full recovery without treatment. The spectrum of milder disease has not been well studied nor clarified. […] Approximately 80% patients with GBS walk independently at 6 months, and about 60% of patients attain full recovery of motor strength by 1 year. Recovery in approximately 5-10% of patients with GBS is prolonged, with several months of ventilator dependency and a very delayed, incomplete recovery.

• #7

• #8 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  A 2008 epidemiologic study reported a 2-12% mortality rate despite ICU management, although the rate may be less than 5% in tertiary care centers with a team of medical professionals who are familiar with GBS management. […] GBS-associated mortality rates increase markedly with age. In the United States, the case-fatality ratio ranges from 0.7% in persons younger than 15 years to 8.6% in individuals older than 65 years. […] A significant percentage of survivors of GBS have persistent motor sequelae. Estimates indicate that 15-20% of patients have moderate residual deficits from GBS and that 1-10% are left severely disabled. […] The following factors have been associated with adverse effect on outcomes in GBS: Preceding gastrointestinal infection or diarrheal illness, Older age (57 years or older), Poor upper extremity muscle strength, Acute hospital stay of longer than 11 days, ICU requirement, Need for mechanical ventilation, Medical Research Council (MRC) score below 40, Discharge to rehabilitation.

• #9 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  A 2008 epidemiologic study reported a 2-12% mortality rate despite ICU management, although the rate may be less than 5% in tertiary care centers with a team of medical professionals who are familiar with GBS management. […] GBS-associated mortality rates increase markedly with age. In the United States, the case-fatality ratio ranges from 0.7% in persons younger than 15 years to 8.6% in individuals older than 65 years. […] A significant percentage of survivors of GBS have persistent motor sequelae. Estimates indicate that 15-20% of patients have moderate residual deficits from GBS and that 1-10% are left severely disabled. […] The following factors have been associated with adverse effect on outcomes in GBS: Preceding gastrointestinal infection or diarrheal illness, Older age (57 years or older), Poor upper extremity muscle strength, Acute hospital stay of longer than 11 days, ICU requirement, Need for mechanical ventilation, Medical Research Council (MRC) score below 40, Discharge to rehabilitation.

• #10 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15838-guillain-barre-syndrome

  Most people make a full recovery from GBS with treatment and rehabilitation. […] But with treatment, most people fully recover from the condition. […] The prognosis (outlook) for Guillain-Barr syndrome can vary. Most people with GBS improve considerably over a period of months. But about 30% of adults and even more children have some remaining muscle weakness three years after diagnosis. […] In the majority of cases, the symptoms of Guillain-Barr syndrome improve significantly with time and treatment. Most people start to recover two to three weeks after symptoms first start. The length of total recovery can vary from months to a year or more depending on the severity. […] People who recover from Guillain-Barr syndrome have a normal life expectancy. Less than 2% of people die from GBS in the acute phase when symptoms are at their worst.

• #11 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  Most patients have residual pain and fatigue, due to persistent axonal loss. […] Recurrence rate is 7% with the mean interval between recurrences being 7 years. […] Typical course in patients who recover: to walking unassisted: 3 months, full recovery: 6 months. […] However, there is permanent disability in severe cases.

• #12 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #13 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  A 2008 epidemiologic study reported a 2-12% mortality rate despite ICU management, although the rate may be less than 5% in tertiary care centers with a team of medical professionals who are familiar with GBS management. […] GBS-associated mortality rates increase markedly with age. In the United States, the case-fatality ratio ranges from 0.7% in persons younger than 15 years to 8.6% in individuals older than 65 years. […] A significant percentage of survivors of GBS have persistent motor sequelae. Estimates indicate that 15-20% of patients have moderate residual deficits from GBS and that 1-10% are left severely disabled. […] The following factors have been associated with adverse effect on outcomes in GBS: Preceding gastrointestinal infection or diarrheal illness, Older age (57 years or older), Poor upper extremity muscle strength, Acute hospital stay of longer than 11 days, ICU requirement, Need for mechanical ventilation, Medical Research Council (MRC) score below 40, Discharge to rehabilitation.

• #14 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  A 2008 epidemiologic study reported a 2-12% mortality rate despite ICU management, although the rate may be less than 5% in tertiary care centers with a team of medical professionals who are familiar with GBS management. […] GBS-associated mortality rates increase markedly with age. In the United States, the case-fatality ratio ranges from 0.7% in persons younger than 15 years to 8.6% in individuals older than 65 years. […] A significant percentage of survivors of GBS have persistent motor sequelae. Estimates indicate that 15-20% of patients have moderate residual deficits from GBS and that 1-10% are left severely disabled. […] The following factors have been associated with adverse effect on outcomes in GBS: Preceding gastrointestinal infection or diarrheal illness, Older age (57 years or older), Poor upper extremity muscle strength, Acute hospital stay of longer than 11 days, ICU requirement, Need for mechanical ventilation, Medical Research Council (MRC) score below 40, Discharge to rehabilitation.

• #15 Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0250-9

  Most patients with GBS, even those who were tetraplegic at nadir or required mechanical ventilation for a long period of time, show extensive recovery, especially in the first year after disease onset. […] About 80% of patients with GBS regain the ability to walk independently at 6 months after disease onset. […] The probability of regaining walking ability can be calculated in individual patients using the modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS) prognostic tool. […] Despite the generally positive prospects for patients with GBS, death occurs in 3-10% of cases, most commonly owing to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, which can occur in both the acute and the recovery phase. […] Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and severe disease at onset. […] Long-term residual complaints are also common and can include neuropathic pain, weakness and fatigue. […] However, recovery from these complaints may still occur 5 years after disease onset. […] Recurrent episodes of GBS are rare, affecting 2-5% of patients, but this percentage is still higher than the lifetime risk of GBS in the general population (0.1%).

• #16 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #17 Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview

  A 2008 epidemiologic study reported a 2-12% mortality rate despite ICU management, although the rate may be less than 5% in tertiary care centers with a team of medical professionals who are familiar with GBS management. […] GBS-associated mortality rates increase markedly with age. In the United States, the case-fatality ratio ranges from 0.7% in persons younger than 15 years to 8.6% in individuals older than 65 years. […] A significant percentage of survivors of GBS have persistent motor sequelae. Estimates indicate that 15-20% of patients have moderate residual deficits from GBS and that 1-10% are left severely disabled. […] The following factors have been associated with adverse effect on outcomes in GBS: Preceding gastrointestinal infection or diarrheal illness, Older age (57 years or older), Poor upper extremity muscle strength, Acute hospital stay of longer than 11 days, ICU requirement, Need for mechanical ventilation, Medical Research Council (MRC) score below 40, Discharge to rehabilitation.

• #18 Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Natural history and prognostic factors: a retrospective review of 106 cases | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-13-95

  Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is characterized by acute onset and progressive course, and is usually associated with a good prognosis. However, there are forms of poor prognosis, needing ventilatory support and major deficits at discharge. With this study we try to identify the factors associated with a worse outcome. […] The prognosis is usually good, showing a complete functional recovery or with minimal deficits in the 90% of patients 1 year after the onset of illness. Several factors have been identified as predictors of poor outcome. […] Older age, severe deficits at onset, injured cranial nerves, requiring MV, and axonal lesion patterns in the NCS were demonstrated as poor prognostic factors. […] Some factors were analysed as possible predictors of a poor outcome: 1) patients with ages greater than 55 years were most affected at the admission, with greater deficits at discharge and at the third, sixth and twelfth month; 2) severity at admission, score based on the GBS disability scale, was also associated with more disability at discharge and at the successive medical reviews; 3) cranial nerve involvement was related with greater deficits at discharge and 4) mechanical ventilation requirement showed greater sequels at discharge.

• #19 Early recognition of poor prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059137/

  Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) has a highly diverse clinical course and outcome, yet patients are treated with a standard therapy. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from additional treatment, provided they can be identified early, when nerve degeneration is potentially reversible and treatment is most effective. […] A clinical prediction model applicable early in the course of disease accurately predicts the first 6 months outcome in GBS. […] The main predictors of being unable to walk independently at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months were MRC sumscore, age, and preceding diarrhea in our study. […] The mEGOS is an accurate and validated model for prediction of outcome at several timepoints in the first 6 months after onset of GBS. An important advantage above existing models is that the mEGOS can be used in the early phase of disease when the process of nerve damage is ongoing and possibly reversible. This model predicts commonly used trial endpoints in GBS and can be used to conduct new trials selectively in patients with poor outcome. […] The model may provide a first step toward individualized treatment in GBS.

• #20 Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Natural history and prognostic factors: a retrospective review of 106 cases | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-13-95

  Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is characterized by acute onset and progressive course, and is usually associated with a good prognosis. However, there are forms of poor prognosis, needing ventilatory support and major deficits at discharge. With this study we try to identify the factors associated with a worse outcome. […] The prognosis is usually good, showing a complete functional recovery or with minimal deficits in the 90% of patients 1 year after the onset of illness. Several factors have been identified as predictors of poor outcome. […] Older age, severe deficits at onset, injured cranial nerves, requiring MV, and axonal lesion patterns in the NCS were demonstrated as poor prognostic factors. […] Some factors were analysed as possible predictors of a poor outcome: 1) patients with ages greater than 55 years were most affected at the admission, with greater deficits at discharge and at the third, sixth and twelfth month; 2) severity at admission, score based on the GBS disability scale, was also associated with more disability at discharge and at the successive medical reviews; 3) cranial nerve involvement was related with greater deficits at discharge and 4) mechanical ventilation requirement showed greater sequels at discharge.

• #21 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #22 Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Natural history and prognostic factors: a retrospective review of 106 cases | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-13-95

  Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is characterized by acute onset and progressive course, and is usually associated with a good prognosis. However, there are forms of poor prognosis, needing ventilatory support and major deficits at discharge. With this study we try to identify the factors associated with a worse outcome. […] The prognosis is usually good, showing a complete functional recovery or with minimal deficits in the 90% of patients 1 year after the onset of illness. Several factors have been identified as predictors of poor outcome. […] Older age, severe deficits at onset, injured cranial nerves, requiring MV, and axonal lesion patterns in the NCS were demonstrated as poor prognostic factors. […] Some factors were analysed as possible predictors of a poor outcome: 1) patients with ages greater than 55 years were most affected at the admission, with greater deficits at discharge and at the third, sixth and twelfth month; 2) severity at admission, score based on the GBS disability scale, was also associated with more disability at discharge and at the successive medical reviews; 3) cranial nerve involvement was related with greater deficits at discharge and 4) mechanical ventilation requirement showed greater sequels at discharge.

• #23 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #24 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  To determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). […] In the univariate analysis, disability score of 3 (P=0.03), autonomic nerve involvement (P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008), and absent compound muscle action potential (CMAP; P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In the multivariate analysis, cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (P=0.022) were independently associated with poor functional outcome. […] Disability score 3, cranial and autonomic nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP were predictors of independent walking in childhood GBS in this study; early rehabilitation program may prevent further impairments secondary to immobility in these patients.

• #25 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  To determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). […] In the univariate analysis, disability score of 3 (P=0.03), autonomic nerve involvement (P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008), and absent compound muscle action potential (CMAP; P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In the multivariate analysis, cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (P=0.022) were independently associated with poor functional outcome. […] Disability score 3, cranial and autonomic nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP were predictors of independent walking in childhood GBS in this study; early rehabilitation program may prevent further impairments secondary to immobility in these patients.

• #26 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  The mean time to achieve independent walking was 2.973.02 months, and 96% of patients could walk without assistance within 1 year. […] For children with GBS, having a disability score of 3 (OR: 23.28, 95% CI: 1.24431.77, P=0.03), having autonomic nerve involvement (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.6611.97, P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.4310.57, P=0.008), and absence of CMAP (OR: 8.67, 95% CI: 1.0976.86, P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In multivariate analyses, cranial nerve involvement (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.072.61, P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.092.28, P=0.022) were found to be important and independent poor predictors of unaided walking. […] On the basis of the findings of this study, children with a disability score 3, autonomic and cranial nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP had poor outcomes with respect to achieving independent walking at 6 months.

• #27 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  To determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). […] In the univariate analysis, disability score of 3 (P=0.03), autonomic nerve involvement (P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008), and absent compound muscle action potential (CMAP; P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In the multivariate analysis, cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (P=0.022) were independently associated with poor functional outcome. […] Disability score 3, cranial and autonomic nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP were predictors of independent walking in childhood GBS in this study; early rehabilitation program may prevent further impairments secondary to immobility in these patients.

• #28 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  The mean time to achieve independent walking was 2.973.02 months, and 96% of patients could walk without assistance within 1 year. […] For children with GBS, having a disability score of 3 (OR: 23.28, 95% CI: 1.24431.77, P=0.03), having autonomic nerve involvement (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.6611.97, P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.4310.57, P=0.008), and absence of CMAP (OR: 8.67, 95% CI: 1.0976.86, P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In multivariate analyses, cranial nerve involvement (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.072.61, P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.092.28, P=0.022) were found to be important and independent poor predictors of unaided walking. […] On the basis of the findings of this study, children with a disability score 3, autonomic and cranial nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP had poor outcomes with respect to achieving independent walking at 6 months.

• #29 Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Natural history and prognostic factors: a retrospective review of 106 cases | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-13-95

  Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is characterized by acute onset and progressive course, and is usually associated with a good prognosis. However, there are forms of poor prognosis, needing ventilatory support and major deficits at discharge. With this study we try to identify the factors associated with a worse outcome. […] The prognosis is usually good, showing a complete functional recovery or with minimal deficits in the 90% of patients 1 year after the onset of illness. Several factors have been identified as predictors of poor outcome. […] Older age, severe deficits at onset, injured cranial nerves, requiring MV, and axonal lesion patterns in the NCS were demonstrated as poor prognostic factors. […] Some factors were analysed as possible predictors of a poor outcome: 1) patients with ages greater than 55 years were most affected at the admission, with greater deficits at discharge and at the third, sixth and twelfth month; 2) severity at admission, score based on the GBS disability scale, was also associated with more disability at discharge and at the successive medical reviews; 3) cranial nerve involvement was related with greater deficits at discharge and 4) mechanical ventilation requirement showed greater sequels at discharge.

• #30 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  The mean time to achieve independent walking was 2.973.02 months, and 96% of patients could walk without assistance within 1 year. […] For children with GBS, having a disability score of 3 (OR: 23.28, 95% CI: 1.24431.77, P=0.03), having autonomic nerve involvement (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.6611.97, P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.4310.57, P=0.008), and absence of CMAP (OR: 8.67, 95% CI: 1.0976.86, P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In multivariate analyses, cranial nerve involvement (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.072.61, P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.092.28, P=0.022) were found to be important and independent poor predictors of unaided walking. […] On the basis of the findings of this study, children with a disability score 3, autonomic and cranial nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP had poor outcomes with respect to achieving independent walking at 6 months.

• #31 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  The mean time to achieve independent walking was 2.973.02 months, and 96% of patients could walk without assistance within 1 year. […] For children with GBS, having a disability score of 3 (OR: 23.28, 95% CI: 1.24431.77, P=0.03), having autonomic nerve involvement (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.6611.97, P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.4310.57, P=0.008), and absence of CMAP (OR: 8.67, 95% CI: 1.0976.86, P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In multivariate analyses, cranial nerve involvement (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.072.61, P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.092.28, P=0.022) were found to be important and independent poor predictors of unaided walking. […] On the basis of the findings of this study, children with a disability score 3, autonomic and cranial nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP had poor outcomes with respect to achieving independent walking at 6 months.

• #32 Subtypes and Prognosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Southwest China | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0133520

  The proportion of different subtypes of Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) and their prognosis varied significantly among different regions. […] The prognosis of AMAN group was poorer than that of AIDP group at 3 month and 6 month follow-up (P0.001). […] Prognosis of AMAN group and BBE-GBS group is poorer than that of AIDP group at 3 month and 6 month follow-up. […] Hughes3 at nadir and dysautonomia are predictors of poor prognosis at 6 month follow-up. […] Patients with AIDP has significantly better outcome at 3 months follow up and 6 months follow up than patients with AMAN (P = 0.001; P = 0.000,respectively) and patients with BBE-GBS (P = 0.000; P = 0.0001,respectively); […] Prognosis of MFS group and that of CNV group at 6 months were both good(HFGS1). […] Our findings suggest that the prognosis of BBE-GBS and AMAN are worse than that of patients with AIDP. […] We also found that HFGS at nadir equal or exceeded 3, dysautonomia are independent predictors of poor outcome at 6 month follow-up.

• #33 Subtypes and Prognosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Southwest China | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0133520

  The proportion of different subtypes of Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) and their prognosis varied significantly among different regions. […] The prognosis of AMAN group was poorer than that of AIDP group at 3 month and 6 month follow-up (P0.001). […] Prognosis of AMAN group and BBE-GBS group is poorer than that of AIDP group at 3 month and 6 month follow-up. […] Hughes3 at nadir and dysautonomia are predictors of poor prognosis at 6 month follow-up. […] Patients with AIDP has significantly better outcome at 3 months follow up and 6 months follow up than patients with AMAN (P = 0.001; P = 0.000,respectively) and patients with BBE-GBS (P = 0.000; P = 0.0001,respectively); […] Prognosis of MFS group and that of CNV group at 6 months were both good(HFGS1). […] Our findings suggest that the prognosis of BBE-GBS and AMAN are worse than that of patients with AIDP. […] We also found that HFGS at nadir equal or exceeded 3, dysautonomia are independent predictors of poor outcome at 6 month follow-up.

• #34 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  The EGOS score (Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used 2 weeks after admission to predict the ability of the patient to walk at 6 months, and is based on: […] The mEGOS score (modified Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used at 1 week, and replaces disability with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength score. […] Risk of respiratory failure can be predicted by the EGRIS score (Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score) based on: […] Peroneal nerve conduction block and low vital capacity are also predictive of respiratory failure, but not part of the EGRIS score. […] 3-7% mortality from medical complications in hospital (Europe and North America). […] Up to 20% of patients are still significantly disabled at 6 months. […] 15% still have significant functional disability at 1 year, improvements can still occur after 3 or more years.

• #35 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  The EGOS score (Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used 2 weeks after admission to predict the ability of the patient to walk at 6 months, and is based on: […] The mEGOS score (modified Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used at 1 week, and replaces disability with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength score. […] Risk of respiratory failure can be predicted by the EGRIS score (Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score) based on: […] Peroneal nerve conduction block and low vital capacity are also predictive of respiratory failure, but not part of the EGRIS score. […] 3-7% mortality from medical complications in hospital (Europe and North America). […] Up to 20% of patients are still significantly disabled at 6 months. […] 15% still have significant functional disability at 1 year, improvements can still occur after 3 or more years.

• #36 Early recognition of poor prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059137/

  Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) has a highly diverse clinical course and outcome, yet patients are treated with a standard therapy. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from additional treatment, provided they can be identified early, when nerve degeneration is potentially reversible and treatment is most effective. […] A clinical prediction model applicable early in the course of disease accurately predicts the first 6 months outcome in GBS. […] The main predictors of being unable to walk independently at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months were MRC sumscore, age, and preceding diarrhea in our study. […] The mEGOS is an accurate and validated model for prediction of outcome at several timepoints in the first 6 months after onset of GBS. An important advantage above existing models is that the mEGOS can be used in the early phase of disease when the process of nerve damage is ongoing and possibly reversible. This model predicts commonly used trial endpoints in GBS and can be used to conduct new trials selectively in patients with poor outcome. […] The model may provide a first step toward individualized treatment in GBS.

• #37 Early recognition of poor prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059137/

  Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) has a highly diverse clinical course and outcome, yet patients are treated with a standard therapy. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from additional treatment, provided they can be identified early, when nerve degeneration is potentially reversible and treatment is most effective. […] A clinical prediction model applicable early in the course of disease accurately predicts the first 6 months outcome in GBS. […] The main predictors of being unable to walk independently at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months were MRC sumscore, age, and preceding diarrhea in our study. […] The mEGOS is an accurate and validated model for prediction of outcome at several timepoints in the first 6 months after onset of GBS. An important advantage above existing models is that the mEGOS can be used in the early phase of disease when the process of nerve damage is ongoing and possibly reversible. This model predicts commonly used trial endpoints in GBS and can be used to conduct new trials selectively in patients with poor outcome. […] The model may provide a first step toward individualized treatment in GBS.

• #38 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  The EGOS score (Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used 2 weeks after admission to predict the ability of the patient to walk at 6 months, and is based on: […] The mEGOS score (modified Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used at 1 week, and replaces disability with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength score. […] Risk of respiratory failure can be predicted by the EGRIS score (Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score) based on: […] Peroneal nerve conduction block and low vital capacity are also predictive of respiratory failure, but not part of the EGRIS score. […] 3-7% mortality from medical complications in hospital (Europe and North America). […] Up to 20% of patients are still significantly disabled at 6 months. […] 15% still have significant functional disability at 1 year, improvements can still occur after 3 or more years.

• #39 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  The EGOS score (Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used 2 weeks after admission to predict the ability of the patient to walk at 6 months, and is based on: […] The mEGOS score (modified Erasmus GBS outcome scale) can be used at 1 week, and replaces disability with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength score. […] Risk of respiratory failure can be predicted by the EGRIS score (Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score) based on: […] Peroneal nerve conduction block and low vital capacity are also predictive of respiratory failure, but not part of the EGRIS score. […] 3-7% mortality from medical complications in hospital (Europe and North America). […] Up to 20% of patients are still significantly disabled at 6 months. […] 15% still have significant functional disability at 1 year, improvements can still occur after 3 or more years.

• #40 Neurofilament light chain improves clinical prognostic models for Guillain-Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/jnnp-2025-336046v1?rss=1

  Several prognostic models predict clinical outcomes in Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS). […] We investigated the added prognostic value of NfL in serum (sNfL) and cerebrospinal fluid (cNfL) to models based on clinical factors predicting respiratory failure and inability to walk in GBS. […] Higher sNfL at entry, week 1 and week 2 and cNfL at entry were associated with inability to walk at 4 and 26 weeks. […] The EGOS and mEGOS improved after adding NfL (C-statistic range: 0.010.11), especially the models predicting outcome at 26 weeks. […] A new model predicting inability to walk at 26 weeks consisting of sNfL at entry, GBS disability score at entry and Medical Research Council sum score at week 2 performed best (C-statistic: 0.88 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.94)). […] Addition of NfL may improve clinical prognostic models for the prediction of inability to walk, but not of respiratory failure.

• #41 Neurofilament light chain improves clinical prognostic models for Guillain-Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/jnnp-2025-336046v1?rss=1

  Several prognostic models predict clinical outcomes in Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS). […] We investigated the added prognostic value of NfL in serum (sNfL) and cerebrospinal fluid (cNfL) to models based on clinical factors predicting respiratory failure and inability to walk in GBS. […] Higher sNfL at entry, week 1 and week 2 and cNfL at entry were associated with inability to walk at 4 and 26 weeks. […] The EGOS and mEGOS improved after adding NfL (C-statistic range: 0.010.11), especially the models predicting outcome at 26 weeks. […] A new model predicting inability to walk at 26 weeks consisting of sNfL at entry, GBS disability score at entry and Medical Research Council sum score at week 2 performed best (C-statistic: 0.88 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.94)). […] Addition of NfL may improve clinical prognostic models for the prediction of inability to walk, but not of respiratory failure.

• #42 Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and response to plasmapheresis in Guillain–Barré syndrome: a prospective observational study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-020-0154-z

  GuillainBarr Syndrome (GBS) is one of the most severe neurological diseases that causes marked disability and even death. […] The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker for GBS and response to treatment with plasmapheresis. […] Patients with a poor outcome had a significantly high NLR than patients with a good outcome (p=0.006). […] NLR may be a rapid, simple, inexpensive biomarker for predicting the severity of GBS, outcome of patients, and their response to plasmapheresis. […] To clarify the role of NLR in the prediction of GBS prognosis, we found that patients with a poor outcome had a significantly higher initial NLR1 value than patients with a good outcome (p=0.007), and after plasmapheresis, NLR2 was still significantly high in patients with a poor outcome (p=0.01).

• #43 Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and response to plasmapheresis in Guillain–Barré syndrome: a prospective observational study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-020-0154-z

  Our findings agreed with those of Geyik et al. who concluded that NLR values positively and significantly correlated with disease severity, and the authors added that this ratio might be a promising marker in GBS. […] To evaluate the therapeutic role of plasmapheresis in GBS and its relation to NLR, we found that the cut-off value for the NLR for predicting response to plasmapheresis in GBS was 4.4 with 81.5% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity (p=0.001). […] Our results show that NLR could be considered a new simple, rapid, and inexpensive marker of inflammation in GBS patients. The baseline peripheral blood NLR could be used as a practical and reliable prognostic marker for GBS patients and their response to plasmapheresis.

• #44 Guillain-Barre syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19 | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00310-7

  SC2-GBS does not differ from non-SC2-GBS regarding clinical presentation and treatment, but the outcome of SC2-GBS is worse compared to non-CS2-GBS patients. The prevalence/incidence of GBS most likely increased since the outbreak of the pandemic. […] Early diagnosis of SC2-GBS is warranted because if appropriate treatment is applied in due time, the overall outcome from the infection may improve.

• #45 Guillain-Barre syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19 | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00310-7

  SC2-GBS does not differ from non-SC2-GBS regarding clinical presentation and treatment, but the outcome of SC2-GBS is worse compared to non-CS2-GBS patients. The prevalence/incidence of GBS most likely increased since the outbreak of the pandemic. […] Early diagnosis of SC2-GBS is warranted because if appropriate treatment is applied in due time, the overall outcome from the infection may improve.

• #46 Guillain-Barre syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19 | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00310-7

  This review summarises and discusses recent findings concerning the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome (SC2-GBS). […] the outcome of SC2-GBS is worse compared to non-CS2-GBS patients, and the prevalence/incidence of GBS most likely increased since the outbreak of the pandemic. Early diagnosis of SC2-GBS is warranted to apply appropriate treatment in due time and to improve the overall outcome from the infection. […] This systematic review shows that SC2-GBS is not due to a direct attack of the virus but rather due to an immunological reaction to the virus. It also shows that the number of reports about SC2-GBS is increasing and that the outcome is worse compared to non-SC2-GBS. […] Though there are no prediction models for the outcome or the need of artificial ventilation in SC2-GBS patients available, there are indications that the outcome is poor if there are complications from hypercoagulability (stroke, pulmonary embolism) and if there are superinfections or sepsis.

• #47 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Even when appropriately treated GBS remains fatal in about 4% of cases, up to about 20% of patients are able to walk unaided at 4 weeks, and only 60% recover full motor strength at 1 year, at which stage about 14% are left with a severe disability. […] In the longer-term, it appears clear that GBS impairs function as well as social life beyond 1 year, resulting in work changes in nearly 40% of patients and in persistent pain in about 40% of all cases, including in pure motor forms, at 1 year and likely beyond. […] These findings highlight the current limitations of available therapies for GBS and the need to find newer, more effective treatment options.

• #48 Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0250-9

  Most patients with GBS, even those who were tetraplegic at nadir or required mechanical ventilation for a long period of time, show extensive recovery, especially in the first year after disease onset. […] About 80% of patients with GBS regain the ability to walk independently at 6 months after disease onset. […] The probability of regaining walking ability can be calculated in individual patients using the modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS) prognostic tool. […] Despite the generally positive prospects for patients with GBS, death occurs in 3-10% of cases, most commonly owing to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, which can occur in both the acute and the recovery phase. […] Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and severe disease at onset. […] Long-term residual complaints are also common and can include neuropathic pain, weakness and fatigue. […] However, recovery from these complaints may still occur 5 years after disease onset. […] Recurrent episodes of GBS are rare, affecting 2-5% of patients, but this percentage is still higher than the lifetime risk of GBS in the general population (0.1%).

• #49 Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0250-9

  Most patients with GBS, even those who were tetraplegic at nadir or required mechanical ventilation for a long period of time, show extensive recovery, especially in the first year after disease onset. […] About 80% of patients with GBS regain the ability to walk independently at 6 months after disease onset. […] The probability of regaining walking ability can be calculated in individual patients using the modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS) prognostic tool. […] Despite the generally positive prospects for patients with GBS, death occurs in 3-10% of cases, most commonly owing to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, which can occur in both the acute and the recovery phase. […] Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and severe disease at onset. […] Long-term residual complaints are also common and can include neuropathic pain, weakness and fatigue. […] However, recovery from these complaints may still occur 5 years after disease onset. […] Recurrent episodes of GBS are rare, affecting 2-5% of patients, but this percentage is still higher than the lifetime risk of GBS in the general population (0.1%).

• #50 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  Most patients have residual pain and fatigue, due to persistent axonal loss. […] Recurrence rate is 7% with the mean interval between recurrences being 7 years. […] Typical course in patients who recover: to walking unassisted: 3 months, full recovery: 6 months. […] However, there is permanent disability in severe cases.

• #51 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Even when appropriately treated GBS remains fatal in about 4% of cases, up to about 20% of patients are able to walk unaided at 4 weeks, and only 60% recover full motor strength at 1 year, at which stage about 14% are left with a severe disability. […] In the longer-term, it appears clear that GBS impairs function as well as social life beyond 1 year, resulting in work changes in nearly 40% of patients and in persistent pain in about 40% of all cases, including in pure motor forms, at 1 year and likely beyond. […] These findings highlight the current limitations of available therapies for GBS and the need to find newer, more effective treatment options.

• #52 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Even when appropriately treated GBS remains fatal in about 4% of cases, up to about 20% of patients are able to walk unaided at 4 weeks, and only 60% recover full motor strength at 1 year, at which stage about 14% are left with a severe disability. […] In the longer-term, it appears clear that GBS impairs function as well as social life beyond 1 year, resulting in work changes in nearly 40% of patients and in persistent pain in about 40% of all cases, including in pure motor forms, at 1 year and likely beyond. […] These findings highlight the current limitations of available therapies for GBS and the need to find newer, more effective treatment options.

• #53 Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-019-0250-9

  Most patients with GBS, even those who were tetraplegic at nadir or required mechanical ventilation for a long period of time, show extensive recovery, especially in the first year after disease onset. […] About 80% of patients with GBS regain the ability to walk independently at 6 months after disease onset. […] The probability of regaining walking ability can be calculated in individual patients using the modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS) prognostic tool. […] Despite the generally positive prospects for patients with GBS, death occurs in 3-10% of cases, most commonly owing to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, which can occur in both the acute and the recovery phase. […] Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and severe disease at onset. […] Long-term residual complaints are also common and can include neuropathic pain, weakness and fatigue. […] However, recovery from these complaints may still occur 5 years after disease onset. […] Recurrent episodes of GBS are rare, affecting 2-5% of patients, but this percentage is still higher than the lifetime risk of GBS in the general population (0.1%).

• #54 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  Most patients have residual pain and fatigue, due to persistent axonal loss. […] Recurrence rate is 7% with the mean interval between recurrences being 7 years. […] Typical course in patients who recover: to walking unassisted: 3 months, full recovery: 6 months. […] However, there is permanent disability in severe cases.

• #55 Early recognition of poor prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059137/

  Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) has a highly diverse clinical course and outcome, yet patients are treated with a standard therapy. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from additional treatment, provided they can be identified early, when nerve degeneration is potentially reversible and treatment is most effective. […] A clinical prediction model applicable early in the course of disease accurately predicts the first 6 months outcome in GBS. […] The main predictors of being unable to walk independently at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months were MRC sumscore, age, and preceding diarrhea in our study. […] The mEGOS is an accurate and validated model for prediction of outcome at several timepoints in the first 6 months after onset of GBS. An important advantage above existing models is that the mEGOS can be used in the early phase of disease when the process of nerve damage is ongoing and possibly reversible. This model predicts commonly used trial endpoints in GBS and can be used to conduct new trials selectively in patients with poor outcome. […] The model may provide a first step toward individualized treatment in GBS.

• #56 Early recognition of poor prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3059137/

  Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) has a highly diverse clinical course and outcome, yet patients are treated with a standard therapy. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from additional treatment, provided they can be identified early, when nerve degeneration is potentially reversible and treatment is most effective. […] A clinical prediction model applicable early in the course of disease accurately predicts the first 6 months outcome in GBS. […] The main predictors of being unable to walk independently at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months were MRC sumscore, age, and preceding diarrhea in our study. […] The mEGOS is an accurate and validated model for prediction of outcome at several timepoints in the first 6 months after onset of GBS. An important advantage above existing models is that the mEGOS can be used in the early phase of disease when the process of nerve damage is ongoing and possibly reversible. This model predicts commonly used trial endpoints in GBS and can be used to conduct new trials selectively in patients with poor outcome. […] The model may provide a first step toward individualized treatment in GBS.

• #57 Predictive factors for achieving independent walking in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr201767

  To determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). […] In the univariate analysis, disability score of 3 (P=0.03), autonomic nerve involvement (P=0.003), cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008), and absent compound muscle action potential (CMAP; P=0.048) were found to be significantly associated with poor walking outcome at 6 months. […] In the multivariate analysis, cranial nerve involvement (P=0.008) and absence of CMAP (P=0.022) were independently associated with poor functional outcome. […] Disability score 3, cranial and autonomic nerve involvement, and absence of CMAP were predictors of independent walking in childhood GBS in this study; early rehabilitation program may prevent further impairments secondary to immobility in these patients.

• #58 Outcome and its predictors in Guillain–Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/83/7/711

  Despite the use of plasma exchanges and intravenous immunoglobulins, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) still carries non-negligible morbidity and mortality. […] GBS causes severe persistent disability in 14% of patients at 1 year. […] Mortality is of about 4% within the first year. […] Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. […] The prognosis of GBS is generally considered favourable. […] Long-term function is compromised in a significant proportion of subjects. […] Knowledge of prognostic factors can substantially improve patient care and provides essential prognostic answers for patients and relatives at an early stage in the course of the illness.

• #59 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) • LITFL • CCC Neurology

  https://litfl.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/

  Most patients have residual pain and fatigue, due to persistent axonal loss. […] Recurrence rate is 7% with the mean interval between recurrences being 7 years. […] Typical course in patients who recover: to walking unassisted: 3 months, full recovery: 6 months. […] However, there is permanent disability in severe cases.

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