Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ischemic colitis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ischemic-colitis

  Since the cause of ischemic colitis isn’t always clear, there’s no certain way to prevent the disorder. Most people who have ischemic colitis recover quickly and may never have another episode. […] To prevent recurrent episodes of ischemic colitis, some healthcare professionals recommend stopping any medicine that might cause the condition. Making sure to stay hydrated, especially when doing vigorous outdoor activities, is also important. This is especially true for those living in warm climates. A test for clotting problems may be recommended as well, especially if no other cause for ischemic colitis is apparent.

• #2 Ischemic Colitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/facts-about-ischemic-colitis

  Ischemic Colitis Prevention […] For most people, an ischemic colitis attack is a one-time thing — it never happens again. In others, it can become an ongoing problem. […] You might be able to prevent another episode. To stack the odds in your favor: Stay hydrated, to avoid constipation and blood vessel constriction. […] Discuss your medications with your doctor. If one medication triggered the problem, your doctor may know of others that will work better for you. […] Maintain normal blood pressure, but avoid aggressive treatments for high blood pressure. […] Stop smoking. It damages virtually all your organs, including blood vessels. […] If you have heart disease, your doctor may recommend blood thinners. More clinical studies are needed before this becomes a general recommendation for all heart disease patients with ischemic colitis. People who also develop mesenteric venous thrombosis may also be put on blood thinners. […] Systemic corticosteroids are not recommended to treat or prevent ischemic colitis. That’s because they may worsen damage and cause a perforation or tear in the colon. Ongoing studies are looking at whether certain IV steroids given with IV antibiotics can help in cases of severe ischemic colitis.

• #3 Ischemic Colitis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24513-ischemic-colitis

  How can I prevent ischemic colitis? So many things can lead to ischemic colitis that it may not be possible to prevent all of them. However, its always a good idea to take care of your preexisting conditions, especially those that affect your heart, blood vessels and kidneys. Avoiding smoking or using recreational drugs and eating a heart-healthy diet may prevent these conditions from worsening or causing complications. Strenuous exercise can also lead to ischemic colitis (runners colitis) by stressing your hearts capacity to pump enough blood. If youre an endurance athlete, staying well-hydrated can help prevent this.

• #4 Ischemic colitis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322162

  It may be possible for people to reduce their chances of developing chronic ischemic colitis. For example, because smoking is a risk factor for this condition, avoiding tobacco smoke can make ischemic colitis less likely. […] Preventing those conditions can also help avoid ischemic colitis. […] Research suggests that people can lower their risk of developing atherosclerosis by doing the following: regularly exercising, maintaining a healthful, balanced diet, maintaining a healthful bodyweight.

• #5 Ischemic Colitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ischemic-colitis

  A healthy lifestyle can reduce your risk of developing hardened arteries. The basics of a healthy lifestyle include: exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, treating heart conditions that can lead to blood clots, such as an irregular heartbeat, monitoring your blood cholesterol and blood pressure, not smoking. […] Your doctor may also recommend that you stop taking any medication that can cause ischemic colitis. These drugs can include certain antibiotics or heart and migraine medications. Make sure you tell your doctor what medications you’re currently taking.

• #6 Ischemic Colitis + 5 Natural Treatments to Help Find Relief – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/ischemic-colitis/

  5 Natural Ways to Prevent Ischemic Colitis Improve Symptoms […] 1. Reduce Inflammation Gastrointestinal Damage […] Increased inflammation, a history of gastrointestinal problems, and autoimmune diseases can all contribute to ischemic colitis or make it worse. A healthy diet and lifestyle are important for controlling inflammation within the intestines and also for regulating blood pressure/circulation. […] 2. Prevent Treat Abnormal Blood Pressure […] If your blood pressure is too high or too low, you may be at an increased risk for problems like thickening of the arteries or blood clots. Risk factors for having abnormal blood pressure include low nutrient intake, a poor diet high in sodium, obesity or being overweight, smoking, lack of physical activity/sedentary lifestyle, high amounts of chronic stress, other compounding medical problems, and a family history of high blood pressure.

• #7 Ischemic Colitis – In Depth Of It! – By Dr. Radhika Amulraj | Lybrate

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/ischemic-colitis-in-depth-of-it/c5855af658fffd0d725a2e4865538417

  There is no prevention of ischemic colitis. You can do following to avoid complications: […] Stop smoking […] Take cholesterol-lowering medication […] Control chronic illnesses, such as diabetes […] Exercise regularly.

• #8 Ischemic Colitis + 5 Natural Treatments to Help Find Relief – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/ischemic-colitis/

  3. Eliminate Use of Risky Medications […] A number of medications can cause ischemic colitis. So, whenever possible, its best to avoid using any prescription (and, of course, recreational) drugs that you dont need. Talk to your doctor about your risk for ischemic colitis based on your current health and use of medications. […] 4. Prevent or Treat Blood Clotting Abnormalities […] To help prevent blood clots from forming, its important to stay active and eat a healthy diet. Make it a priority to exercise regularly and avoid long periods of prolonged inactivity or immobilization. Aim to be active for at least 30 minutes daily. […] 5. Avoid Becoming Dehydrated Overexertion […] Drinking water throughout the day is the best way to stay hydrated, especially whenever youre losing fluids, such as if youre doing vigorous exercise. Severe dehydration can cause changes in blood pressure and potential serious problems like heat exhaustion, fainting and cardiac problems.

• #9 A Beginner’s Guide to Ischemic Colitis: Symptoms, Treatment and Diet | Diet vs Disease

  https://www.dietvsdisease.org/ischemic-colitis-symptoms-treatment-diet/

  Ischemic colitis can also occur in endurance athletes like marathon runners and triathletes. Staying well-hydrated with plenty of fluids and electrolytes is crucial for prevention of an IC attack during intense bouts of exercise. […] Treatment for IC typically includes a round of antibiotics, IV fluids and a liquid diet. […] A clear liquid diet may be recommended. […] In fact, it’s best to address any underlying condition that may have caused IC with a well-balanced whole foods diet that minimizes inflammation. […] Overall, your main goal is to focus on any underlying condition (or medication) that may be restricting blood flow to your colon, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, blood clots, low or high blood pressure or diabetes. […] Eating a well-balanced diet of fresh, whole foods is one of the surest ways to improve all of these conditions and ultimately prevent IC for good.

• #10

  https://journals.lww.com/acgcr/fulltext/2024/06000/soccer_game_turned_bloody__a_case_of.30.aspx

  Ischemic colitis (IC) should be considered as a cause for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with recent vigorous physical activity. […] In most cases, exercise-induced IC resolves completely with supportive care and correction of hypovolemia. Careful monitoring is appropriate before pursuing further evaluation. […] Strategies for preventing IC include conditioning with gradual increase in duration and intensity of exercise, limiting exercise intensity, avoiding training in excessive heat, proper hydration before, during, and after exercise, and judicious nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. […] In a broader context of health management and disease prevention in athletes, addressing risk factors that could predispose them to IC becomes essential to optimize their peak performance and prevent health decline in those engaged in rigorous exercise.

• #11 Ischaemic colitis: practical challenges and evidence-based recommendations for management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7802492/

  Ischaemic colitis is common, rising in incidence and associated with a high mortality rate, especially in cases where surgical intervention is required. […] High-quality supportive/conservative treatment remains the backbone of medical therapy. […] Antibiotics are recommended, but there is little evidence on the benefit of other pharmacological interventions. […] Surgical intervention should be considered in the setting of circulatory compromise, abdominal pain without rectal bleeding, pancolonic or isolated right-sided distribution, and in patients with peritoneal signs. […] Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin is generally recommended, but there is no established role for formal anticoagulation in the acute setting. […] Secondary prevention with antiplatelets and anticoagulants should, however, be considered at time of discharge. […] As there is a lack of evidence in support of specific risk-reducing medical therapies following an episode of IC, secondary prophylaxis should be tailored to individual thromboembolic risk factors.

• #12 Severe ischemic colitis following olanzapine use: a Case Report

  http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082016000900018

  Ischemic colitis is the most common subtype of intestinal ischemia usually resulting from vasospasm, vessel occlusion or mesenteric hypoperfusion. […] Clinicians should be aware of how to recognize and treat the potentially life-threatening effects of neuroleptics. […] Many drugs have been associated with ischemic colitis including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vasopressors, cytotoxic agents, and neuroleptics. […] A study from the French Pharmacovigilance database also linked olanzapine to at least 4 potential cases of ischemic colitis. […] After exclusion of infectious, autoimmune and thrombophilic diseases, we assumed a presumptive diagnosis of ischemic colitis secondary to neuroleptics. […] Suspension of any drugs associated with ischemic colitis has been suggested to be beneficial. […] In conclusion, ischemic colitis associated with neuroleptics is an unusual but potential severe disease. Efforts should be aimed at prevention with early recognition and treatment of constipation. Alternatively, monitoring or switching to other antipsychotics may be an option.

• #13 Ischemic colitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_colitis

  Ischemic colitis is a well-recognized complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, when the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery is covered by the aortic graft. Thus, patients without adequate collateralization are at risk for ischemia of the descending and sigmoid colon. […] The complication can be prevented through careful selection of subjects that may require replanting inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and completing the pre surgical procedure information with an instrumental evaluation during surgical treatment. […] The use of prophylactic antibiotics in ischemic colitis has not been prospectively evaluated in humans, but many authorities recommend their use based on the animal data.

• #14 Predictive Factors for Severe Outcomes in Ischemic Colitis

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?pn=search&uid=744&vmd=Full

  Ischemic colitis includes a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild to severe forms. This study aimed to determine the factors that are related to the occurrence of severe ischemic colitis. […] If patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis are also treated for chronic kidney disease or have poor performance status, more attention and early intervention are necessary. […] Therefore, it is necessary for patients with suspicious ischemic colitis to receive active treatment (e.g., surgery) at an early stage and to be observed carefully if they are treated with chronic kidney disease and if their performance status is poor overall.

• #15 Predictive Factors for Severe Outcomes in Ischemic Colitis

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl15167

  Ischemic colitis includes a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild to severe forms. This study aimed to determine the factors that are related to the occurrence of severe ischemic colitis. […] If patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis are also treated for chronic kidney disease or have poor performance status, more attention and early intervention are necessary. […] Therefore, it is highly important to treat patients differently by recognizing the factors that influence bad effects prognostically. […] In conclusion, factors that can predict poor prognosis in ischemic colitis were comorbidity of chronic kidney disease and high ECOG performance status score. Therefore, it is necessary for patients with suspicious ischemic colitis to receive active treatment (e.g., surgery) at an early stage and to be observed carefully if they are treated with chronic kidney disease and if their performance status is poor overall.

• #16

  https://journals.lww.com/acgcr/fulltext/2024/04000/progesterone_only_contraceptive_induced_ischemic.10.aspx

  Ischemic colitis (IC) occurs when there is a temporary lack of adequate blood supply to the intestines, particularly in vulnerable areas such as the splenic flexure and sigmoid colon, which lack sufficient collateral blood vessels. […] Although estrogen-containing oral contraceptives are known to increase thromboembolic risk, the impact of progesterone is not well understood. […] Young women may experience ischemic colitis (IC) because of hormonal therapy’s prothrombotic effects. […] Although estrogen dose correlates with venous thromboembolism risk, progesterone’s direct correlation remains uncertain. […] In cases of contraceptive-induced IC, patients typically recover after discontinuing the hormonal contraceptive. […] The mechanism underlying progesterone-only contraceptives triggering ischemic events remains poorly understood, underscoring the need for further research and more vigilance in patients using progesterone-only contraceptives. […] Despite the widespread usage of progesterone-only contraceptives, the occurrence of IC within this patient population remains unrecognized. […] Further studies are needed to better comprehend the impact of progesterone on coagulation, particularly concerning the mesenteric vasculature.

• #17 Caregiving Network Blog | Foods to Avoid with Ischemic Colitis: A Comprehensive Guide – Caregiving Network Blog

  https://caregivingnetwork.com/blog/reading-room/foods-to-avoid-with-ischemic-colitis-a-comprehensive-guide/

  Diet plays a crucial role in managing ischemic colitis. A well-planned diet for seniors and others affected can significantly help manage symptoms and even prevent complications. […] A survey found that 60% of ischemic colitis patients saw symptom improvement when they reduced high-fat and spicy foods. […] A study found that a high-fiber diet reduced the risk of developing ischemic colitis by up to 40%. […] Staying well-hydrated is crucial for anyone, especially those dealing with ischemic colitis. Proper hydration aids in digestion and can help prevent complications. […] Balanced, well-portioned meals can provide nutrients without overloading the digestive system. This is especially important for managing symptoms effectively. […] Regular check-ins with a healthcare provider can help adapt your diet for elderly individuals or anyone affected by ischemic colitis. This is crucial for effective long-term management.

• #18 Treat the Early Signs of Ischemic Colitis to Protect Your Overall Health | Colon & Rectal Surgical Specialists

  https://www.crssny.com/conditions/ischemic-colitis/

  When ischemic colitis is caught early, most patients can expect a full recovery after undergoing treatment. […] If you are concerned you may have ischemic colitis, it is critical to visit a specialist as soon as possible to receive treatment and prevent long-term damage to your digestive tract.

• #19 Ischemic colitis caused increased early and delayed mortality | World Journal of Emergency Surgery | Full Text

  https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-018-0193-2

  Ischemic colitis continues to present a challenge in its management. A better understanding of the disease process is required. And one needs to adhere to sound surgical principles for a timely diagnosis and treatment, especially in older patients with worrisome clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. […] A prompt surgical intervention is required for disease complications such as perforation and frank ischemia. However, one must bear in mind the older age group with comorbid diseases in which you might consider an earlier intervention even with more subtle signs such as higher lactate levels. An earlier surgery could improve the low patient survival rate in this complicated group. […] The disease process needs a better understanding in order to tailor the appropriate treatment, especially surgical intervention for those patients who require it.

• #20 Ischemic colitis as a cause of severe hematochezia: A mini review

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/ischemic-colitis-as-a-cause-of-severe-hematochezia-a-mini-review

  Ischemic colitis (IC) is a common cause of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in the elderly. […] Further research is warranted for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of patients with severe hematochezia from IC. […] According to the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Clinical Guideline for IC published in 2015, colonoscopy within 48 hours is strongly recommended in patients with a suspicion of IC. […] Although the majority of IC patients do not require antimicrobial therapy, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents against anaerobes and gram-negative bacteria are recommended in those with moderate and severe IC due to an increased risk of bacterial translocation, inflammatory response to ischemia, and peritonitis. […] For IC patients with severe painless bleeding from diffuse mucosal injury, very few have been treated with angiographic embolization.

• #21 Ischemic colitis involving the right-side colon: clinical case report and diagnostic considerations – Huang – Journal of Xiangya Medicine

  https://jxym.amegroups.org/article/view/8132/html

  In addition to clinical presentation, imaging examination, and colonoscopy, risk factor screening is important in ischemic colitis diagnosis. […] The analysis of risk factors can help clinicians to predict the prognosis of patients and to carry out intervention measures in time. […] When colonoscopy is difficult to perform, risk factor analysis can be helpful in clinical diagnosis. It also helps clinicians implement empiric therapy and early detection of complications. […] For patients with unexplained abdominal pain and hematochezia, the high-risk factors of thrombus and intestinal ischemia should be evaluated routinely. […] These patients should undergo an ischemic colitis risk factor analysis. If the patient has multiple risk factors, they can be managed for clinical symptoms according to the ischemic colitis principles of care. […] On the basis of conservative treatment, we should closely observe the changes of the disease, identify the danger signals as soon as possible, and intervene in time.

• #22 Factors influencing hospital stay duration for patients with mild ischemic colitis: a retrospective study | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00665-4

  Cerebrovascular disease, abdominal surgical history, higher d-dimer levels, and higher positive fecal occult blood test results are independent and significant factors that influence longer hospital stays for patients with mild ischemic colitis. Probiotics helped reduce hospital stay in these patients. […] Probiotic use was greater in patients hospitalized for 8 days (76.2% vs. 54.1%, p=0.022). […] The patients who received probiotic treatment had a significantly shorter hospital stay duration than patients who did not receive probiotic treatment (OR=0.237; 95% CI 0.0780.717; p=0.011). […] These findings emphasize the importance of early identification of risk factors associated with longer hospital stays and provide a clear target to develop better disease management strategies for patients with mild IC to shorten their hospital stay duration and consequently reduce the cost of healthcare.

• #23 Congestive ischemic colitis successfully treated with anti-inflammatory therapy: A case report

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i1/142.htm

  Congestive ischemic colitis is a rare subtype of ischemic colitis with an unknown pathophysiology. Excluding conservative management, such as fasting, no established treatment exists; therefore, surgical intervention should be considered in some cases if symptoms worsen. Current literature suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may effectively treat congestive ischemic colitis. […] Anti-inflammatory therapy, specifically glucocorticoids and 5-aminosalicylate, has demonstrated promising efficacy and introduces potential novel treatment options for congestive ischemic colitis. […] Since no clear treatment guidelines exist, surgical treatment should be considered if symptoms worsen during bowel rest. […] The use of anti-inflammatory agents, such as glucocorticoids and 5-aminosalicylate, shows promise and may lead to novel effective therapies.

• #24 Ischemic Colitis Diagnosis and Treatment – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/ischemic-colitis-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Managing the risk factors: […] Monitoring the medications that can affect the blood flow […] Maintain hydration, especially in high-risk persons […] Control blood pressure […] Lifestyle modifications: […] Maintain a healthy diet to support cardiac health […] Exercise regularly […] Regular medical check-ups and monitoring and management of comorbid risk factors.

• #25 Case Report: Ischemic Colitis in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Unforeseen Gastrointestinal Complication in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 104 Issue 1 (2021)

  https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/104/1/article-p63.xml

  Ischemic colitis, although the most common ischemic pathology of the GI tract, is relatively rare, occurring as a result of colonic hypoperfusion. […] The innumerable causes of colonic ischemia can be categorized into occlusive and nonocclusive pathologies. […] SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to the development of coagulopathy and thromboembolic complications in severe COVID-19 patients. […] Severe COVID-19 can lead to nonocclusive colonic ischemia, as shock and hemodynamic compromise are common in COVID-19 pneumonia. […] In critically ill patients, it is ideal to use vasopressors with caution, keeping in mind the ischemic complications, and diagnosing and managing them early in its course for better patient outcomes.

• #26 Ischemic colitis as a cause of severe hematochezia: A mini review

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/ischemic-colitis-as-a-cause-of-severe-hematochezia-a-mini-review

  Despite IC being a common cause of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB), there are very few reports in literature of these IC patients presenting with painless hematochezia. […] There are very few reports of patients with IC as a cause of severe hematochezia in the literature. […] For IC with severe hematochezia, more evidence-based data on primary prevention, early diagnosis, effective pharmacological treatment, and endoscopic hemostasis are lacking but needed to improve patient outcomes.

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