Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5775124/

  During the last decade, there has been heated debate regarding whether compulsive sexual behaviour should be classified as a mental/behavioural disorder. Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder has been proposed for inclusion as an impulse control disorder in the ICD11. It is characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges, resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour over an extended period (e.g., six months or more) that causes marked distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning. […] The proposed diagnostic guidelines also emphasize that compulsive sexual behaviour disorder should not be diagnosed based on psychological distress related to moral judgments or disapproval about sexual impulses, urges or behaviours that would otherwise not be considered indicative of psychopathology.

• #2 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_sexual_behaviour_disorder

  Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD) is a psychiatric disorder which manifests as a pattern of behavior involving intense preoccupation with sexual fantasies and behaviours that cause significant levels of mental distress, cannot be voluntarily curtailed, and risk or cause harm to oneself or others. […] CSBD is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an impulse-control disorder in the ICD-11. In contrast, the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) DSM-5 does not recognise CSBD as a standalone diagnosis. […] ICD-11 includes a diagnosis for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD). CSBD is not an addiction. […] CSBD is defined as a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour. […] Symptoms may include repetitive sexual activities becoming a central focus of the person’s life to the point of neglecting health and personal care or other interests, activities and responsibilities; numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly reduce repetitive sexual behaviour; and continued repetitive sexual behaviour despite adverse consequences or deriving little or no satisfaction from it.

• #3 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Is Now Recognized as a Disorder, But It isn’t the Same as Sex Addiction | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-who

  According to the ICD, the hallmark symptoms of CSBD are repetitive sexual activities becoming a central focus of the persons life to the point of neglecting health and personal care or other interests, activities and responsibilities; numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly reduce repetitive sexual behaviour; and continued repetitive sexual behaviour despite adverse consequences or deriving little or no satisfaction from it. […] While the official diagnosis may be new, for many mental health professionals, the condition is something they see and discuss often. […] Its worth noting that a CSBD diagnosis is not same thing as having a high sex drive or large number of sexual partners. […] The ICD criteria also cautions against conflating violating social or cultural norms with having a clinical condition.

• #4 Compulsive sexual behavior – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360453

  You can ask your health care provider to refer you to a mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating compulsive sexual behavior. Or you may decide to contact a mental health provider directly. A mental health exam may include talking about your: […] Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction. […] In the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the World Health Organization defines compulsive sexual behavior disorder as an impulse control disorder. […] More research is needed to come up with standard guidelines for diagnosis. But, for now, diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional who has expertise in addictions and compulsive sexual behaviors will likely give the best results.

• #5 Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11214846/

  Clinical sexologic and sexual medicine expertise for the diagnosis and treatment of CSBD in the psychiatric-psychotherapeutic context is imperative to differentiate and understand the determinants and impact of CSBD and related out-of-control sexual behaviors on mental and sexual well-being, to detect forensically relevant and nonrelevant forms, and to refine best practices in care and treatment. Evidence-based, sexual medicine-informed therapies should be offered to achieve a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences. […] The notion that out of control, driven sexual behavior associated with distress and negative consequences is considered a mental disorder is still quite controversial. On one hand, compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) has a diagnostic formulation as a CSB disorder (CSBD) that was included as an impulse control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). On the other, it was not included as hypersexual disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

• #6 Sex Addiction: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22690-sex-addiction-hypersexuality-and-compulsive-sexual-behavior

  Sexual addiction is an intense focus on sexual fantasies, urges or activities that cant be controlled and cause distress or harm your health, relationships, career or other aspects of your life. […] Debate is ongoing if hypersexuality can be classified as a mental health disorder. The American Psychiatric Association rejected a proposal to include hypersexual disorder as a condition in DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), their manual for assessing and diagnosing mental health conditions. […] At present, there isnt an agreed diagnostic criteria for hypersexuality. Despite this, mental health professionals skilled in addiction disorders will recognize life-consuming sexual behaviors and can offer appropriate treatment options. […] Sexual addiction, or hypersexuality, is treated with a combination of medications, psychotherapy and self-help group therapy.

• #7 Compulsive sexual behavior // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior

  Compulsive sexual behavior is sometimes called hypersexuality or sexual addiction. […] Compulsive sexual behavior may involve different kinds of commonly enjoyable sexual experiences. […] No matter what it’s called or the exact nature of the behavior, untreated compulsive sexual behavior can damage your self-esteem, relationships, career, health and other people. […] Ask for help if you feel you’ve lost control of your sexual behavior, especially if your behavior causes problems for you or other people. […] Compulsive sexual behavior tends to get worse over time without treatment, so get help when you first notice a problem. […] You can ask your health care provider to refer you to a mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating compulsive sexual behavior. […] Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction.

• #8 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_sexual_behaviour_disorder

  Criteria: Pattern of failure to control intense, sexual impulses or urges and resulting repetitive sexual behaviour; Manifested over an extended period of time (i.e., 6 months or more); Causes marked distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviours is not sufficient to meet this requirement). […] DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR have no such diagnosis.

• #9 What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder? in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 11 Issue 2 (2020)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/11/2/article-p160.xml

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is currently defined in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; WHO, 2020; Kraus et al., 2018) as an impulse control disorder and characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual urges and behaviors where an individual (1) devotes excessive time to sexual activities to the point of neglecting health, personal care, interests, and responsibilities, (2) experiences diminished control manifest by multiple unsuccessful efforts to reduce sexual behavior, (3) continues sexual activity despite adverse consequences, (4) continues engagement in sexual behavior even when little or no satisfaction is derived, and (5) experiences significant distress or impairment across life domains or important areas of functioning. The classification also cautions, Distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors is not sufficient to meet this requirement. Additionally, paraphilic disorders are exclusionary.

• #10 Diagnostic Criteria for Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) – MedicalCRITERIA.com

  https://medicalcriteria.com/web/compulsive-sexual-behavior/

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is currently defined as an impulse control disorder and characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual urges and behaviors where an individual (1) devotes excessive time to sexual activities to the point of neglecting health, personal care, interests, and responsibilities, (2) experiences diminished control manifest by multiple unsuccessful efforts to reduce sexual behavior, (3) continues sexual activity despite adverse consequences, (4) continues engagement in sexual behavior even when little or no satisfaction is derived, and (5) experiences significant distress or impairment across life domains or important areas of functioning. […] The classification also cautions, Distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors is not sufficient to meet this requirement. Additionally, paraphilic disorders are exclusionary. […] Distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors is not sufficient for a CSBD diagnosis.

• #11 Compulsive sexual behavior – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/compulsive-sexual-behavior/

  Some signs that you may have compulsive sexual behavior include: You have repeated and intense sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors that take up a lot of your time and feel as if theyre beyond your control. You feel driven or have frequent urges to do certain sexual behaviors, feel a release of the tension afterward, but also feel guilt or deep regret. Youve tried without success to reduce or control your sexual fantasies, urges or behavior. You use compulsive sexual behavior as an escape from other problems, such as loneliness, depression, anxiety or stress. You continue to engage in sexual behaviors in spite of them causing serious problems. These could include the possibility of getting or giving someone else a sexually transmitted infection, the loss of important relationships, trouble at work, financial issues, or legal problems. You have trouble making and keeping healthy and stable relationships.

• #12 What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder? in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 11 Issue 2 (2020)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/11/2/article-p160.xml

  The ICD-11 definition shares similarities with the proposed criteria for hypersexual disorder (HD) that was considered, but ultimately excluded from the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Kafka, 2010, 2014), with several notable differences relating to (1) emotion and/or stress-regulation-related features, (2) moral incongruence related to sexual behaviors, (3) problematic sexual behaviors related to substance use, and (4) less satisfaction from sexual activities. […] Emotion-regulation-related symptoms are not included in criteria for CSBD in the ICD-11 despite data showing CSB is often associated with using sex to cope with difficult emotions (e.g., sadness, shame, loneliness, boredom, or anger), stress or painful experiences. […] Collectively, the aforementioned research underscores the importance of associations between emotion-regulation or stress-proneness and CSB.

• #13 Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11214846/

  Making a diagnosis of CSBD requires a careful assessment, which would include a thorough sexual history and examination of current symptomology. It would also involve taking a somatic and psychiatric history to exclude somatic causes of CSB (eg, neurologic disease or side effects of drugs or medication). In addition, the examining person must be able to perform a psychiatric assessment to make a differential psychiatric diagnosis and identify mental health comorbidities. […] After diagnosing CSBD and recognizing the potential comorbid and contributing factors, the crucial step is to develop a biopsychosocial case formulation considering all the complex factors with the broadest possible understanding of the specific role that sexuality plays in contributing to or maintaining the dysfunctional behavior.

• #14 Hypersexual Behavior: Could You Be Addicted To Sex?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypersexuality-disorder-5205366

  There are no specific diagnostic criteria for hypersexuality disorder since it is not included in the DSM-5 as a formal diagnosis. […] Some mental health professionals use the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder in the ICD-11. They may also use the criteria for addictive disorders since hypersexuality can be considered a form of behavioral addiction. […] A mental healthcare counselor will go over a person’s thoughts and behaviors related to sex, especially those that feel difficult to control. To get a complete picture of someone’s health and how they are impacted by compulsive sexual behavior, a counselor may ask about: Relationships, Substance use, Financial or legal consequences, Disruption of day-to-day life, Ability or inability to control the behaviors, Increasing need to engage in the behaviors, Feelings of anxiety or restlessness when not able to engage in the behaviors, Loss of the ability to obtain pleasure from the behaviors. […] Additionally, significant or stressful life events and feelings of guilt, shame, remorse, or low self-esteem may be explored. A screening tool may be used to gauge symptoms.

• #15 Assessing compulsive sexual behavior disorder: The development and international validation of the compulsive sexual behavior disorder-diagnostic inventory (CSBD-DI).

  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3th2d6t2

  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The World Health Organizations International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), a new diagnosis that is both controversial and groundbreaking, as it is the first diagnosis to codify a disorder related to excessive, compulsive, and out-of-control sexual behavior. […] The inclusion of this novel diagnosis demonstrates a clear need for valid assessments of this disorder that may be quickly administered in both clinical and research settings. […] FINDINGS: Across both studies and all samples, results revealed strong psychometric qualities for the 7-item CSBD-DI, demonstrating evidence of validity via correlations with key behavioral indicators and longer measures of compulsive sexual behavior. […] Analyses from nationally representative samples revealed residual metric invariance across languages, scalar invariance across gender, strong evidence of validity, and utility in classifying individuals who self-identified as having problematic and excessive sexual behavior, as evidenced by ROC analyses revealing suitable cutoffs for a screening instrument. […] Collectively, these findings demonstrate the cross-cultural utility of the CSBD-DI as a novel measure for CSBD and provide a brief, easily administrable instrument for screening for this novel disorder.

• #16 Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) – Psychology Tools

  https://psychology-tools.com/test/sast

  The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) is a specialized tool developed to help identify behaviors that may indicate sexual compulsivity or addiction. […] The goal was to produce a reliable measure that could differentiate between behaviors that are considered addictive and those that are not, thereby aiding in the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of individuals exhibiting problematic sexual behaviors. […] By standardizing the assessment of sexually compulsive behavior, the SAST plays a significant role in both clinical diagnosis and in the planning of appropriate intervention strategies. […] The Sexual Addiction Screening Test serves as an important instrument in the field of mental health and sexual behavior assessment. Its development was informed by the need for a standardized approach to identifying and understanding sexually addictive behaviors, supporting healthcare providers in offering effective and tailored treatment solutions.

• #17 Assessing compulsive sexual behavior disorder: The development and international validation of the compulsive sexual behavior disorder-diagnostic inventory (CSBD-DI) in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 12 Issue 1 (2023)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/12/1/article-p242.xml

  Importantly, in addition to being a psychiatric disorder in its own right, symptoms of CSBD are also associated with a range of psychiatric comorbidities including anxiety, general emotional dysregulation, depression, and substance use disorders. […] Given the above, the primary purpose of the present work was to develop a brief, easily administrable, and quickly scorable instrument that fully covered all CSBD symptoms, which we termed the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Diagnostic Inventory (CSBD-DI). […] Collectively, these findings demonstrate the cross-cultural utility of the CSBD-DI as a novel measure for CSBD and provide a brief, easily administrable instrument for screening for this novel disorder.

• #18 Compulsive Sexual Behavior| Causes | Symptoms | Risk Factors | Diagnosis |Treatment | Prevention

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/compulsive-sexual-behavior

  Compulsive sexual behavior is classified as: […] How Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Diagnosed? […] A psychological evaluation performed by the doctor or therapist will usually involve diagnosis based on criteria as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). […] Screening instruments are usually questionnaires that assess addiction based on the patient’s responses. This can often mean that misdiagnosis is possible since the questionnaires rely on the patient’s honesty. Some of the screening tests that might be used are: […] The Sexual Addiction Screening Test: A self-report checklist for symptoms, consisting of 25 items. This helps identify risky behaviors predisposing to sexual addiction and compulsive sexual behavior. […] Total sexual outlet is a behavioral screening test that identifies seven sexual orgasms per week as indicative of at-risk behavior – such individuals may need further testing.

• #19 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Engel and colleagues cross-sectional study examining individual characteristics and signs of coercive sexual behavior conducted on a large German-speaking population of 564 women and 630 men showed that women levels of CSB symptom severity (measured accordingly to criteria of hypersexual disorder [HD] proposed by Kafka in 2010), pornography use, masturbation, and engaging in partnered sex were lower among women than men. […] Lower prevalence of CSB symptoms among women than men was also found in a Bthe and colleagues cross-sectional study on a large, diverse, non-clinical sample of 6132 women and 11,902 men using HBI-19 questionnaire. […] Gender and Sexual Orientation-Based Comparisons showed that LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) men scored the highest on each HBI-19 subscale, while heterosexual women scored the lowest.

• #20 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  A French cross-sectional study of Blais-Lecours and colleagues, conducted on a community sample of 597 women and 235 men aged 18-78 years, revealed that 51% of women and 90.2% of men declared consuming cyberpornography. […] Moreover, using The Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI), authors found that women (as compared to men) reported less pornography time use, perceived compulsivity to pornography, sexual compulsivity, and efforts to access cyberpornography. […] According to the results of Weinstein and colleagues’ investigation conducted on a group of 192 Israeli men and 75 women, women exhibited lower rates of feeling urges to pornography and frequency of cybersex compared to men. […] A study of Harper and Hodgins involving Canadian university students (105 women and 86 men) showed less frequent pornography use and later age of pornography exposure among women (as compared to men).

• #21 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5775124/

  The proposed diagnostic guidelines also assist the clinician in differentiating compulsive sexual behaviour disorder from other mental disorders and other health conditions. […] Currently, there is an active scientific discussion about whether compulsive sexual behaviour disorder can constitute the manifestation of a behavioural addiction. […] Growing evidence suggests that compulsive sexual behaviour disorder is an important clinical problem with potentially serious consequences if left untreated. We believe that including the disorder in the ICD11 will improve the consistency with which health professionals approach the diagnosis and treatment of persons with this condition, including consistency regarding when a disorder should not be diagnosed. […] The proposed diagnostic guidelines will be tested in international multilingual Internetbased field studies using standardized case material, which will help to assess the generalizability of the construct across different regions and cultures, and clinicians ability to distinguish it from normal variations in sexual behaviour and from other disorders.

• #22 Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11214846/

  Another challenge of the initial clinical assessment is to rule out false CSBD presentations, as a CSBD mental disorder diagnosis may be used by a patient or partner as a convenient excuse for sexual misconduct (eg, when a sexual affair is discovered by a partner). Therefore, assessing one’s motivation to seek treatment is an important part of the evaluation. […] According to the ICD-11, CSBD diagnosis should not be assigned if (1) there is no evidence of a persistent failure to control sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors and the presence of all other diagnostic requirements outside of mood episodes; (2) sexual disinhibition due to neurocognitive disorder is attributed to primary disease; and (3) impaired control over sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors is due to the direct effect of psychoactive substances, including recreational drugs or medications, on the central nervous system, with the onset corresponding to use of the substance or medication.

• #23 Compulsive Sexual Behavior | Diagnosis & Treatment | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/diseases-conditions/diagnosis-treatment/compulsive-sexual-behavior/

  Your healthcare professional or mental health professional may ask you about your sexual thoughts, urges and behaviors, and level of control you feel you have over them, as well as other sexual symptoms (see Symptoms and Causes section). […] Your healthcare provider may also want to rule out other conditions for which hypersexuality may be a symptom, such as bipolar disorder (manic episode), hyperandrogenism, anxiety, personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourettes disorder. […] At present, there isnt an agreed diagnostic criteria for hypersexuality. Despite this, mental health professionals skilled in addiction disorders will recognize life-consuming sexual behaviors and can offer appropriate treatment options.

• #24 Sexual Addiction Disorder, DSM 5, Therapy, Screening, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/sexual_addiction/article.htm

  To establish a sexual addiction diagnosis, healthcare professionals will work to distinguish sexual addictions from medical conditions that may include hypersexual symptoms. Examples of such conditions include seizures, tumors, dementia, and Huntington’s disease, which may involve injuries to certain areas of the brain like the frontal or temporal lobes and therefore affect behavior.

• #25 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  It is critical to differentiate CSB from healthy sexual activity, which is part of normal human experience and relationships. […] There is a growing recognition of CSB as a significant mental health issue akin to other addictive behaviors. […] Individuals with CSB often experience significant emotional distress, including feelings of guilt, shame, and a perceived lack of control over their behaviors, which are common among recognized mental health disorders. […] Understanding CSB involves recognizing the behaviors as excessive and intrusive, distinguishing them from normal sexual activities, and acknowledging the substantial distress and dysfunction they cause. […] Diagnosing Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) presents a complex challenge for healthcare professionals due to several inherent issues, including the lack of consensus on classification, the subjective nature of “normal” sexual behavior, and the overlap with other psychiatric conditions.

• #26 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  This absence complicates the identification and treatment of CSB as it lacks standardized guidelines for diagnosis. […] There is an ongoing debate among professionals about whether CSB should be classified as an addiction, a compulsion, an impulse control disorder, or a symptom of other psychiatric disorders. […] The challenges in diagnosing CSB are significant but not insurmountable. […] A thoughtful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive approach can facilitate accurate diagnosis, leading to effective treatment plans tailored to the unique needs of each individual.

• #27 Compulsive sexual behavior: A nonjudgmental approach | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/compulsive-sexual-behavior-nonjudgmental-approach

  Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB), also referred to as sexual addiction or hypersexuality, is characterized by repetitive and intense preoccupations with sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors that are distressing to the individual and/or result in psychosocial impairment. Individuals with CSB often perceive their sexual behavior to be excessive but are unable to control it. CSB can involve fantasies and urges in addition to or in place of the behavior but must cause clinically significant distress and interference in daily life to qualify as a disorder. […] Although CSB may be common, it usually goes undiagnosed. This potentially problematic behavior often is not diagnosed because of: Shame and secrecy. Embarrassment and shame, which are fundamental to CSB, appear to explain, in part, why few patients volunteer information regarding this behavior unless specifically asked. Patient lack of knowledge. Patients often do not know that their behavior can be successfully treated. Clinician lack of knowledge. Few health care professionals have education or training in CSB. A lack of recognition of CSB also may be due to our limited understanding regarding the limits of sexual normality. In addition, the classification of CSB is unclear and not agreed upon, and moral judgments often are involved in understanding sexual behaviors.

• #28 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often labeled as sex addiction, commonly manifests alongside a range of other mental health disorders, presenting significant challenges. […] Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often referred to in lay terms as sex addiction, is a condition marked by an uncontrollable urge to engage in sexual activities despite potential negative consequences. […] Despite its profound impact on individuals and communities, CSB remains a controversial and complex topic within the mental health field. […] However, the World Health Organization has acknowledged its significance by including Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11, characterizing it as an impulse control disorder. […] One of the most crucial aspects of CSB is its frequent co-occurrence with other psychiatric disorders.

• #29 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Is Now Recognized as a Disorder, But It isn’t the Same as Sex Addiction | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-who

  Compulsive sexual behavior, when properly diagnosed, is not in any way related to who or what it is that turns a person on. […] The CSBD diagnostic criteria are based on science rather than conjecture, and very specifically take morality and personal judgement out of the equation. […] WHOs addition of CSBD has stirred up this existing controversy on the subject of how to define and diagnose disorders related to sexual behavior. […] The specific language that the medical community (and society in general) uses for a particular condition matters; it shapes our conception of the condition, and in turn, determines how people dealing with those issues are perceived and the treatment they receive. […] In regards to CSBD, the largest point of contention is whether or not the disorder should be categorized as an addiction.

• #30 Compulsive sexual behavior: A nonjudgmental approach | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/compulsive-sexual-behavior-nonjudgmental-approach

  Before making a diagnosis of CSB, it is important for clinicians to consider whether they are stigmatizing negative consequences, distress, or social impairment based on unconscious bias toward certain sexual behaviors. […] Various psychiatric disorders also may include excessive sexual behavior as part of their clinical presentation, and it is important to differentiate that behavior from CSB. […] Research suggests that approximately one-half of adults with CSB meet criteria for at least 1 other psychiatric disorder, such as mood, anxiety, substance use, impulse control, or personality disorders. […] Limited research and a lack of standardized criteria can make compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) challenging to properly diagnose and treat. Initial evidence suggests that certain antidepressants and psychotherapeutic treatments can reduce symptoms of CSB.

• #31 Three Diagnoses for Problematic Hypersexuality; Which Criteria Predict Help-Seeking Behavior?

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6907

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder, the newly accepted ICD-11 diagnosis, differs from the sex addiction diagnosis mostly in the addition of one indicator and a set of guidelines. […] The guidelines caution against overpathologizing, particularly of preoccupation with sex and distress related to feelings of guilt and shame. […] The importance of „Social pressure” in association with PH has been noted and possibly this characteristic is associated with moral (self-)disapproval. […] Given the discriminative power of the „Negative Effects” factor, this factor can be used to assess PH in a subpopulation of those in doubt about being afflicted by PH. […] This exploratory research suggests that the factor „Negative Effects” will be the most optimal in correctly assessing PH and discriminating PH from other conditions.

• #32 FAQ On the New Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Diagnosis – Sex and Relationship Healing

  https://sexandrelationshiphealing.com/blog/faq-on-the-new-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-diagnosis/

  It’s massively important. For people who are sexually addicted/compulsive, having an official diagnosis will help to reduce shame while making it easier to get useful treatment (just as official diagnoses for alcoholism and drug addiction did in the 1970s). […] For clinicians, it makes it easier to identify and diagnose the issue. […] The CSBD diagnosis is based on scientific research, not opinion and conjecture. […] A sex addiction/compulsivity/CSBD diagnosis does not ever let people off the hook for bad behavior. […] The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder diagnosis lists “Distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges, or behaviors” as a rule-out. […] Being hypersexual as a symptom of another mental health disorder is not specifically addressed in the CSBD diagnosis, and that’s an oversight. […] At the end of the day, the tenet we must all remember is: Sexual addiction/compulsivity/CSBD is not in any way related to who or what it is that turns a person on.

• #33 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Is Now Recognized as a Disorder, But It isn’t the Same as Sex Addiction | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-who

  Experts agree that we need more research on compulsive sexual behavior, and that this research will reveal more about what exactly the disorder is and how to treat it. […] WHOs inclusion of CSBD in the ICD-11 isnt putting an end to this debate; it establishes that its one worth having, and a debate worth putting research dollars towards. […] I think the broader goal of this classification is that it will open access to healthcare, hopefully reduce stigma, and increase people seeking help. […] People who are struggling with [this] finally have an official diagnosis they can point to. […] This seemingly simple thing may help a great deal with the shame they typically feel. […] Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is fine by me. As long as we have accurate, research-based criteria we can use to identify and diagnose the issue, Im happy. […] There are some of these scientific nuances, but I think for the person out there who’s struggling. they’re not going to really differentiate between what we label it.

• #34 Sex Addiction and Porn Addiction Get a Diagnosis

  https://www.centerforintegrativechange.com/blog/sex-addiction-and-porn-addiction-get-a-diagnosis

  While CSBD will be included in the ICD-11 under „Impulse Control Disorders” for the time being instead of being grouped with other addictions such as gambling disorder and substance abuse disorders, it’s likely that the disorder will be categorized there as more research comes out. […] The CSBD diagnosis will also make funding new research much easier, paving the way for the next generation of scientific study and confirmation of these conditions.

• #35 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  The current conceptualization of CSBD was preceded by numerous studies involving mainly heterosexual men; thus, applying diagnostic criteria to women or sexual minorities is short-sided. […] Accuracy of diagnostic criteria in the evaluation of CSBD women and non-heterosexual samples should be further evaluated in large, culturally diverse samples of men and women. […] Our first recommendation is for future investigations to concentrate on obtaining accurate epidemiological data on women with CSB. […] There is also a need for conducting studies in clinical samples of women in order to identify patterns of their sexual functioning, the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions, possible co-occurrence of CSB with other impulse control disorders, addictive or mental health disorders, and specific personality profiles.

• #36 Half of Therapists May Misdiagnose Sex Addiction | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-who-stray/202402/half-of-therapists-may-misdiagnose-sex-addiction

  CSBD is a new diagnosis describing persistent failure to control sexual behaviors. […] New research finds that 50% of therapists may misdiagnose CSBD, based on client self-identification. […] Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) was established as an Impulse Control Disorder, with the following criteria: Pattern of failure to control intense, sexual impulses or urges and resulting repetitive sexual behaviour. […] The researchers note the very high levels of incorrect over-diagnosis of CSBD based solely on self-report, and recommend that there is a clear need for careful training programs on this topic, and that validated testing measures should be used, rather than reliance on self-identification. […] Unfortunately, this was far from true when it came to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. There, when the vignette described a person who self-identified as a sex addict, but demonstrated no evidence of loss of control over their sexual behaviors, fully 50 percent of therapists still diagnosed CSBD, contrary to diagnostic guidelines. […] Hopefully, this current research helps to highlight the risks of over-diagnosis, and leads to better training and diagnostic criteria to prevent misdiagnosis.

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