Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology, prevalence, and natural history of compulsive sexual behavior – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18996301/

  Research into CSB is hindered by the lack of a generally accepted definition and reliable and valid assessment tools. Despite these limitations, evidence indicates that CSB is relatively common in the general adult population, causes substantial personal distress, and is a source of significant psychosocial disability. […] CSB appears to begin early in life, to have a male preponderance, and to run a chronic or episodic course. It is also commonly associated with psychiatric comorbidity, typically mood, anxiety, substance use, and personality disorders. Further research is needed to better our understanding of the disorder and improve our ability to develop specific interventions.

• #1 The epidemiology and phenomenology of compulsive sexual behavior – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18311098/

  Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is characterized by inappropriate or excessive sexual behaviors or cognitions that lead to subjective distress or impaired functioning. […] CSB is reported to affect 3% to 6% of the general population in the United States, occurring more frequently in men. […] Psychiatric comorbidity is common, particularly substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. […] Risk factors are thought to include family history and childhood abuse.

• #1 Sex Addiction, Hypersexuality, and Compulsive Sexual Behavior: An Overview

  https://calmerry.com/blog/addiction/sex-addiction-hypersexuality-and-compulsive-sexual-behavior-what-you-need-to-know/

  Sex addiction, or hypersexual disorder, affects about 3% to 6% of adults, or around 15 million people. The actual number may be higher because people feel shy and may not seek treatment. […] While it can happen to anyone, men note it more often. The sexual disorder usually starts, on average, when individuals are around 18 years old. Most people, though, do not begin treatment until they are around 37. […] It is also worth noting that sexual addiction can be associated with other mental illnesses or trauma. Some studies have suggested that patients with this disorder might be more likely to have experienced difficult family situations, like childhood sexual abuse. […] The reasons behind sex addiction and hypersexuality are complex, potentially involving brain chemistry, mental health issues, and social influences.

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  In addition to research focusing solely on PPU, some studies have been found on CSB more broadly. Dickenson and colleagues results of the population-based American National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior involving 1174 women and 1150 men aged 18-50 years revealed that 7% of women and 10.3% of men scored 35 or higher in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory, which indicates a high probability of meeting diagnostic criteria of CSBD. […] In an Australian study of Walton, Cantor, and Lykins using Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19), 31 women (18.4% of total sample) and 63 men exhibited clinically significant hypersexual behavior based on Reid and colleagues suggested cut-off score, and results of a cross-sectional study of Kraus and colleagues conducted on a sample of 820 post-deployed US military veterans revealed that fewer women (4.3%) than men (13.8%) demonstrated symptoms related to CSB.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 12 Issue 2 (2023)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/12/2/article-p393.xml

  Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide standardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice. […] A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were present in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability.

• #1 Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Different in Women Compared to Men?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3205

  The inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11 has sparked research interest on this topic in recent years. This review aims to investigate gender differences in Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CBD) and persons with CSBD. While impulsivity and psychiatric comorbidity play a role in persons with CSBD regardless of gender, some gender differences can be identified. CSBD is more prevalent in men, with a higher rate of reported sexual behaviors and higher scores on questionnaires measuring CSBD related symptoms. Neuroticism and stress vulnerability seem to play a more important role in the symptomatology of CSBD in women. While it seems plausible that childhood adversities play a role in the development of CSB, the manner with respect to how these adversities affect men and women differently is still to be explored. More clinical studies including the female CSBD population are required to infer clinical implications.

• #1 Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Different in Women Compared to Men?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3205

  Even though the behavior is better studied in men, epidemiological data show that women frequently do report out of control sexual behavior as well. Epidemiological data suggests that as much as 7% of women report that they had the feeling in the past that their sexual behavior was out of control. However, a lot of women do not seek out treatment due to shame. […] Even though some gender differences have been reported in the past, a thorough and comprehensive overview of gender differences in CSBD is lacking. The aim of this review is to identify differences regarding symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities between men and women.

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Moreover, using The Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI), authors found that women (as compared to men) reported less pornography time use, perceived compulsivity to pornography, sexual compulsivity, and efforts to access cyberpornography. […] According to the results of Weinstein and colleagues’ investigation conducted on a group of 192 Israeli men and 75 women, women exhibited lower rates of feeling urges to pornography and frequency of cybersex compared to men. […] A study of Harper and Hodgins involving Canadian university students (105 women and 86 men) showed less frequent pornography use and later age of pornography exposure among women (as compared to men). […] Also, women were less likely to self-identify as addicted to pornography and obtained lower scores on the CPUI as well as the internet pornography addiction criterion questions (IP-CRIT), which have been adapted by researchers from DSM-5 preliminary set of criteria for diagnosing Internet Gaming Disorder.

• #1 Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy – Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/sex-and-sexual-addiction-in-the-united-states-of-america-an-overview-of-its-epidemiology-management-and-prevention-strategies-2155-6105-1000366-105540.html

  Sexual Addiction (SA) is defined as a compulsive, uncontrollable and continuous sexual behaviour irrespective of its adverse effects or consequences. […] The prevalence of sexual addiction in the general adult population of the United States of American has been reported to be between 3-6%. […] In addition, evidence has suggested higher prevalence rates among individuals suffering from hypersexual disorder, and sexual offenders. […] Further statistics showed that majority of sex addicts were abused sexually (81%), emotionally (97%) or physically (72%). […] Reports have also shown that 87% of sex addicts were reported to come from dysfunctional families, where at least one family member had a history of, or presented with addiction. […] However, a variation in sexual activities between male and female sex addicts have been reported; while male sex addicts tend to engage in voyeur and anonymous sex, most female sex addicts prefers exhibitionist sex, trading for sex, pain exchange sex and fantasy sex.

• #1 Obsessive–compulsive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder

  Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their life, with the yearly rate about 1.2%. OCD occurs worldwide. It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of 35 and half of people develop problems before 20. Males and females are affected about equally. However, there is an earlier age for onset for males than females. […] The presence of a genetic component is evidenced by the increased likelihood for both identical twins to be affected than both fraternal twins. […] Risk factors include a history of child abuse or other stress-inducing events such as during the postpartum period or after streptococcal infections. […] Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and requires ruling out other drug-related or medical causes; rating scales such as the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) assess severity.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-023-01061-7

  Given these new findings about the high transience of SUDs and non-substance-related addictive behaviors, exploring the potential instability of CSB symptoms over time is warranted. […] However, tracing the natural course of CSB (including trajectories of persistent remission and natural recovery) requires a complex methodological approach that goes beyond retrospective studies with clinical samples. […] As a result, patients that receive treatment for CSB and participate in clinical studies likely represent the most severe cases, and not the whole continuum of severity in which this condition may be expressed. […] In the light of these limitations, prospective studies comprising multiple assessments over time are more suitable for exploring the natural course of CSB. […] So far, results from the few available longitudinal studies in the field have started to challenge the well-established notion of persistence of CSB, suggesting that its stability is notably lower than initially postulated.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-023-01061-7

  These findings are consistent with our hypothesis and prior literature suggesting that the natural course of CSB in community samples is characterized by a notable instability. […] Given that our sample comprised individuals in transition from late adolescence to young adulthood, mostly without clinical levels of out-of-control sexual behavior, this decline in CSB severity and the modest diagnostic consistence between study waves may be explained by normal processes of psychological and sexual maturation. […] All in all, these results suggest that individuals with low or moderate levels of CSB will be more likely to experience a natural reduction of symptoms of out-of-control sexual behavior over time. […] As the natural course of CSB in the transition between late adolescence and young adulthood tend to be inconsistent, clinicians should take special precautions in order to prevent false positives diagnosis. […] This finding reinforces and extends the conclusion outlined before about the transience of CSB, further indicating that individuals with greater initial levels of CSB experience a more pronounced reduction in its severity over time.

• #1 Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy – Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/sex-and-sexual-addiction-in-the-united-states-of-america-an-overview-of-its-epidemiology-management-and-prevention-strategies-2155-6105-1000366-105540.html

  The aetiology of SA include; biochemical imbalances, over secretion of sex hormones, family lifestyles, abuse, and impaired neurochemistry and sexual development. […] The prevalence of sex addiction among the general population in the United States is 3-6% and high prevalence rates have been reported among population of hypersexual disorders and sex offenders.

• #1 Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior – EM consulte

  https://www.em-consulte.com/article/340090/epidemiology-prevalence-and-natural-history-of-com

  Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior – 08/08/11 […] Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is characterized by inappropriate or excessive sexual cognitions or behaviors that lead to subjective distress or impairment in one or more life domains. The disorder has an estimated prevalence of 3% to 6% in the US adult population. CSB typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, is thought to be chronic or episodic, and mainly affects men. The disorder includes pathological and conventional forms of sexual behavior. Associated substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders are common. Other impulse control disorders are frequent as well, and there may be an association with ADHD. CSB can lead to medical complications including genital trauma or sexually transmitted diseases. Childhood sexual abuse may be an important risk factor.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 8 Issue 2 (2019)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/8/2/article-p242.xml

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD. […] Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Recent Findings: Available studies indicate that CSB symptom severity is lower in women than in men. Overall, women reported consuming pornography less often than men and exhibit lower rates of feeling urges to these materials. CSB symptoms (including problematic pornography use) have been found to be positively related to trait psychopathy, impulsivity, sensation seeking, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pathological buying, sexual dysfunctions, general psychopathology, child sexual abuse, while negatively related to dispositional mindfulness. […] Summary: Conclusions that can be drawn from prior studies are considerably limited. There are no accurate estimates of the CSB prevalence or severity among women, and studies have been mostly conducted on non-clinical populations, which has limited application for women diagnosed with CSBD.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/compulsive-sexual-behavior2/

  Compulsive sexual behavior is sometimes called hypersexuality, hypersexuality disorder or sexual addiction. It’s an excessive preoccupation with sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that is difficult to control, causes you distress, or negatively affects your health, job, relationships or other parts of your life. […] Compulsive sexual behavior can occur in both men and women, though it may be more common in men. It can also affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation. Factors that may increase risk of compulsive sexual behavior include: […] Compulsive sexual behavior can have many negative consequences that affect both you and others. You may: […] Because the cause of compulsive sexual behavior isn’t known, it’s not clear how it might be prevented, but a few things may help keep this type of behavior in check:

• #1 Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy – Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/sex-and-sexual-addiction-in-the-united-states-of-america-an-overview-of-its-epidemiology-management-and-prevention-strategies-2155-6105-1000366-105540.html

  Sex addiction also contributes to the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the States. […] The term Sexual Addiction (SA) firstly emerged in the United States of America (USA) when vast members of alcohol anonymous attempted to, and applied the principles of the twelve- steps towards recovery from compulsive sexual behaviours, similar to symptoms observed for alcohol addiction in the 1970s. […] The addiction cycle occurs in four main stages known as the addiction cycle that go on repeatedly. […] The first stage termed preoccupation occurs when the addicts mind is taken over by thoughts of sex and sexual activities. […] The last stage of the addiction cycle according to Carnes is called despair. The addict feels hopeless because of the behaviour, and is powerless to curb or stop it.

• #1 Obsessive–compulsive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder

  The condition is also associated with a general increase in suicidality. […] OCD is chronic and long-lasting with periods of severe symptoms followed by periods of improvement. […] Treatment can improve ability to function and quality of life, and is usually reflected by improved Y-BOCS scores. […] There is growing evidence to support the use of deep brain stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant OCD.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/compulsive-sexual-behavior/

  Compulsive sexual behavior is sometimes called hypersexuality or sexual addiction. Its an intense focus on sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that cant be controlled. This causes distress and problems for your health, job, relationships or other parts of your life. […] Compulsive sexual behavior may involve different kinds of commonly enjoyable sexual experiences. Examples include masturbation, sexual arousal by using a computer to communicate, multiple sexual partners, use of pornography or paying for sex. But when these sexual behaviors become a major, constant focus in your life, are difficult to control, cause problems in your life, or are harmful to you or others, thats likely compulsive sexual behavior. […] Compulsive sexual behavior can happen in both men and women, though it may be more common in men. It can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation. Factors that may increase the risk of compulsive sexual behavior include:

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior

  Compulsive sexual behavior is sometimes called hypersexuality or sexual addiction. It’s an intense focus on sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that can’t be controlled. This causes distress and problems for your health, job, relationships or other parts of your life. […] Compulsive sexual behavior can happen in both men and women, though it may be more common in men. It can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation. Factors that may increase the risk of compulsive sexual behavior include: […] Compulsive sexual behavior tends to get worse over time without treatment, so get help when you first notice a problem. […] Although the exact causes of compulsive sexual behavior are not clear, possible causes may include: […] Compulsive sexual behavior can cause many problems that affect both you and others.

• #1 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) often does not occur in isolation. It frequently coexists with a range of other psychiatric conditions, complicating both the diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals. Understanding these comorbidities is crucial for developing a holistic approach that addresses all facets of an individual’s mental health. […] The presence of psychiatric comorbidities necessitates a comprehensive diagnostic approach to ensure all contributing factors and disorders are adequately identified and addressed. […] Understanding the interplay between CSB and other mental health disorders enhances our ability to provide effective, comprehensive care, reducing the likelihood of relapse and improving overall outcomes for those affected. […] Diagnosing Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) presents a complex challenge for healthcare professionals due to several inherent issues, including the lack of consensus on classification, the subjective nature of “normal” sexual behavior, and the overlap with other psychiatric conditions.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360453

  Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction. […] In the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the World Health Organization defines compulsive sexual behavior disorder as an impulse control disorder. […] More research is needed to come up with standard guidelines for diagnosis. But, for now, diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional who has expertise in addictions and compulsive sexual behaviors will likely give the best results.

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  In turn, tulhofer and colleagues examining a combination of CSB (according to HD criteria) and high sexual desire on a group of 2599 Croatian women aged 18-60, found that 178 women from the studied sample were classified in the high sexual desire group, 239 women in the hypersexuality group, and 57 women met criteria for both groups. […] Furthermore, high sexual desire and high sexual desire and hypersexuality groups reported more negative consequences related to their sexuality. […] Gender differences were also found in studies of Efrati and Gola on a sample of 1800 Israeli adolescents (841 teen boys and 959 teen girls aged 14-18 years). […] The authors, using a latent profile analysis, revealed three clusters of CSB: abstainers, sexual fantasizers, and individuals with CSB (based on criteria of HD). […] Teen girls were more likely included in a group of abstaining adolescents, characterized by low scores in all subscales of the I-CSB, such as sexual fantasies, obsessive sexual thoughts, and spending more time watching pornography. […] false

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Engel and colleagues cross-sectional study examining individual characteristics and signs of coercive sexual behavior conducted on a large German-speaking population of 564 women and 630 men showed that women levels of CSB symptom severity (measured accordingly to criteria of hypersexual disorder [HD] proposed by Kafka in 2010), pornography use, masturbation, and engaging in partnered sex were lower among women than men. […] Lower prevalence of CSB symptoms among women than men was also found in a Bthe and colleagues cross-sectional study on a large, diverse, non-clinical sample of 6132 women and 11,902 men using HBI-19 questionnaire. […] Gender and Sexual Orientation-Based Comparisons showed that LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) men scored the highest on each HBI-19 subscale, while heterosexual women scored the lowest.

• #1 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Moreover, LGBTQ men had the highest outcomes on other indicators of CSB, such as frequency of masturbation, number of sexual partners, or frequency of pornography use. […] In turn, LGBTQ women had the highest scores on the subscale related to coping with unwanted feelings and stress. […] Similar results have been shown in a study of Tripodi and colleagues conducted on two non-clinical Italian and Swedish samples consisting of 433 women and 414 men aged 20-30 years. […] Women spent less time on online sexual activities (including pornography viewing) as well as scored lower on instruments measuring problematic cybersex behavior (Internet Sex Screening Test) and sexual compulsivity (Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Abbreviated). […] Results from a study by Mulhauser, Short, and Weindtock conducted on a group of 134 women and 235 men above the age of 18 from the US general population showed gender differences in scores obtained on measures of CSB, such as HBI-19, Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI), CPUI, and Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS), with women scoring significantly lower than men.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 8 Issue 2 (2019)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/8/2/article-p242.xml

  A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive-impulsive disorder.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (=0.160; p=0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms =0.0.071; p=0.010; DERS: =0.080; p=0.006). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation.

• #1 Childhood Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Newly Diagnosed with HIV

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/9QLoddyl/

  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (β = 0.160; p = 0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms β = 0.0.071; p = 0.010; DERS: β = 0.080; p = 0.006). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation. Trauma-informed interventions addressing depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation may help to reduce CSB among MSM living with HIV.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  CSA is associated with higher sexual compulsivity in both men and women, with a greater association for men. Additionally, men who experienced sexual abuse as children have a higher rate of sexual compulsivity than men who did not experience CSA. For those who experienced CSA, sexually compulsive behaviors can develop as a way to cope with negative emotions such as low self-esteem, shame or anxiety. Researchers have also found a link between CSA and HIV for MSM. A meta-analysis found MSM who reported CSA were also more likely to live with HIV. […] The current study found that depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the association between CSA and CSB. After considering these mediators in the model, the relationship between CSA and CSB attenuated to non-significance.

• #1 Sexual addiction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_addiction

  According to a systematic review from 2014, observed prevalence rates of sexual addiction/hypersexual disorder range from 3% to 6%. Some studies suggest that sex addicts are disproportionately male, at 80%. […] The ICD-11 created a new condition classification, compulsive sexual behavior disorder, to cover „a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour”. However, CSBD is not considered to be an addiction, and the WHO does not support a diagnosis of sex addiction. […] Yet, despite these advances, research related to sexual addiction remains in its infancy. A lack of theoretical integration, deficits in methodological rigor, a paucity of clinical samples, over reliance on convenience samples (i.e., university students or Mechanical Turk samples), the complete absence of epidemiological studies, widespread inconsistencies in the definitions and measurements of CSB, and a lack of treatment studies all still plague the literature related to sexual addiction. If scientists, researchers, and clinicians in this domain want to bring the field forward and provide evidence-based care to people who report out-of control sexual behaviors, all of the above are needed. (Grubbs et al. 2020)

• #1 (PDF) Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.academia.edu/38520282/Sex_and_Sexual_Addiction_in_the_United_States_of_America_An_Overview_of_Its_Epidemiology_Management_and_Prevention_Strategies

  Sexual Addiction (SA) is a global public health challenge. This review was done on sex and sexual addiction in the United States of America (USA) looking at the overview of its epidemiology, management and prevention strategies. The prevalence of SA among the general population in the United States is 3-6% and high prevalence rates have been reported among population of hypersexual disorders and sex offenders. […] Sex addiction also contributes to the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the States. […] The high prevalence of this prominent feature associated with compulsive sexual behavior disorder has important implications for health care professionals and society. Health care professionals should be alert to the high number of people who are distressed about their sexual behavior, carefully assess the nature of the problem within its sociocultural context, and find appropriate treatments for both men and women.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-023-01061-7

  Despite the recognition of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a diagnostic entity in the ICD-11, few works have reported on its natural course. […] The aim of this study was to explore the natural course of CSB over a 1-year period, as well as to analyze the predictive power of different risk factors. […] These findings suggest that the natural course of CSB tends to be highly transient and inconsistent, and that classic risk factors for its occurrence have a limited predictive power over its natural course. […] Despite this recognition of CSB as a diagnostic entity and a public health issue, there are few data about its phenomenology and clinical presentation. […] This is especially true when it comes to drawing the natural course of CSB (i.e., the progression of its clinical presentation over time), a surprising gap given the obvious relevance of this feature for the characterization of psychopathology.

• #1 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  The challenges in diagnosing CSB are significant but not insurmountable. A thoughtful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive approach can facilitate accurate diagnosis, leading to effective treatment plans tailored to the unique needs of each individual. […] Effective treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach, considering the complexity of the condition and its frequent comorbidities. Treatment plans typically combine pharmacological interventions, psychotherapeutic techniques, and support systems to address both the symptoms and underlying causes of CSB.

• #1 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 12 Issue 2 (2023)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/12/2/article-p393.xml

  This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.

• #2 Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior – EM consulte

  https://www.em-consulte.com/article/340090/epidemiology-prevalence-and-natural-history-of-com

  Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior – 08/08/11 […] Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is characterized by inappropriate or excessive sexual cognitions or behaviors that lead to subjective distress or impairment in one or more life domains. The disorder has an estimated prevalence of 3% to 6% in the US adult population. CSB typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, is thought to be chronic or episodic, and mainly affects men. The disorder includes pathological and conventional forms of sexual behavior. Associated substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders are common. Other impulse control disorders are frequent as well, and there may be an association with ADHD. CSB can lead to medical complications including genital trauma or sexually transmitted diseases. Childhood sexual abuse may be an important risk factor.

• #2 Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Different in Women Compared to Men?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3205

  The inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11 has sparked research interest on this topic in recent years. This review aims to investigate gender differences in Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CBD) and persons with CSBD. While impulsivity and psychiatric comorbidity play a role in persons with CSBD regardless of gender, some gender differences can be identified. CSBD is more prevalent in men, with a higher rate of reported sexual behaviors and higher scores on questionnaires measuring CSBD related symptoms. Neuroticism and stress vulnerability seem to play a more important role in the symptomatology of CSBD in women. While it seems plausible that childhood adversities play a role in the development of CSB, the manner with respect to how these adversities affect men and women differently is still to be explored. More clinical studies including the female CSBD population are required to infer clinical implications.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-023-01061-7

  These findings are consistent with our hypothesis and prior literature suggesting that the natural course of CSB in community samples is characterized by a notable instability. […] Given that our sample comprised individuals in transition from late adolescence to young adulthood, mostly without clinical levels of out-of-control sexual behavior, this decline in CSB severity and the modest diagnostic consistence between study waves may be explained by normal processes of psychological and sexual maturation. […] All in all, these results suggest that individuals with low or moderate levels of CSB will be more likely to experience a natural reduction of symptoms of out-of-control sexual behavior over time. […] As the natural course of CSB in the transition between late adolescence and young adulthood tend to be inconsistent, clinicians should take special precautions in order to prevent false positives diagnosis. […] This finding reinforces and extends the conclusion outlined before about the transience of CSB, further indicating that individuals with greater initial levels of CSB experience a more pronounced reduction in its severity over time.

• #2 The epidemiology and phenomenology of compulsive sexual behavior – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18311098/

  Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is characterized by inappropriate or excessive sexual behaviors or cognitions that lead to subjective distress or impaired functioning. […] CSB is reported to affect 3% to 6% of the general population in the United States, occurring more frequently in men. […] Psychiatric comorbidity is common, particularly substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. […] Risk factors are thought to include family history and childhood abuse.

• #2 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often labeled as sex addiction, commonly manifests alongside a range of other mental health disorders, presenting significant challenges. […] Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often referred to in lay terms as sex addiction, is a condition marked by an uncontrollable urge to engage in sexual activities despite potential negative consequences. […] Despite its profound impact on individuals and communities, CSB remains a controversial and complex topic within the mental health field. […] One of the most crucial aspects of CSB is its frequent co-occurrence with other psychiatric disorders. Research indicates a high prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and various personality disorders among those struggling with CSB.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/cja/Fulltext/2020/09000/The_Addictive_Nature_of_Compulsive_Sexual.7.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Ccja:2020:09000:00007%7C10.1097/cxa.0000000000000091%7C

  Compulsive sexual behavioural disorder (CSBD) was recently categorized as an impulse-control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases 11th edition (ICD-11). Problematic online pornography use (POPU) is considered by many to be the main behavioural symptom of CSBD. […] The prevalence of POPU and CSBD is highly variable, however, consistent risk factors include comorbid substance use disorders and a history of childhood abuse. The neurobiology of POPU and CSBD involves a number of shared neuroanatomical correlates with established substance use disorders, similar neuropsychological mechanisms, as well as common neurophysiological alterations in the dopamine reward system. […] Future empirical studies will enhance the understanding of CSBD and POPU, as well as their relationship with established forms of addiction and with impulse control disorders to help understand which classification schemes are most evidence-based.

• #2 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 8 Issue 2 (2019)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/8/2/article-p242.xml

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD. […] Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

• #2 (PDF) Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.academia.edu/38520282/Sex_and_Sexual_Addiction_in_the_United_States_of_America_An_Overview_of_Its_Epidemiology_Management_and_Prevention_Strategies

  Sexual Addiction (SA) is a global public health challenge. This review was done on sex and sexual addiction in the United States of America (USA) looking at the overview of its epidemiology, management and prevention strategies. The prevalence of SA among the general population in the United States is 3-6% and high prevalence rates have been reported among population of hypersexual disorders and sex offenders. […] Sex addiction also contributes to the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the States. […] The high prevalence of this prominent feature associated with compulsive sexual behavior disorder has important implications for health care professionals and society. Health care professionals should be alert to the high number of people who are distressed about their sexual behavior, carefully assess the nature of the problem within its sociocultural context, and find appropriate treatments for both men and women.

• #2 Compulsive sexual behavior – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/compulsive-sexual-behavior/

  Compulsive sexual behavior is sometimes called hypersexuality or sexual addiction. Its an intense focus on sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that cant be controlled. This causes distress and problems for your health, job, relationships or other parts of your life. […] Compulsive sexual behavior may involve different kinds of commonly enjoyable sexual experiences. Examples include masturbation, sexual arousal by using a computer to communicate, multiple sexual partners, use of pornography or paying for sex. But when these sexual behaviors become a major, constant focus in your life, are difficult to control, cause problems in your life, or are harmful to you or others, thats likely compulsive sexual behavior. […] Compulsive sexual behavior can happen in both men and women, though it may be more common in men. It can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation. Factors that may increase the risk of compulsive sexual behavior include:

• #2 Compulsive sexual behavior – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360453

  Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction. […] In the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the World Health Organization defines compulsive sexual behavior disorder as an impulse control disorder. […] More research is needed to come up with standard guidelines for diagnosis. But, for now, diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional who has expertise in addictions and compulsive sexual behaviors will likely give the best results.

• #2 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  In turn, tulhofer and colleagues examining a combination of CSB (according to HD criteria) and high sexual desire on a group of 2599 Croatian women aged 18-60, found that 178 women from the studied sample were classified in the high sexual desire group, 239 women in the hypersexuality group, and 57 women met criteria for both groups. […] Furthermore, high sexual desire and high sexual desire and hypersexuality groups reported more negative consequences related to their sexuality. […] Gender differences were also found in studies of Efrati and Gola on a sample of 1800 Israeli adolescents (841 teen boys and 959 teen girls aged 14-18 years). […] The authors, using a latent profile analysis, revealed three clusters of CSB: abstainers, sexual fantasizers, and individuals with CSB (based on criteria of HD). […] Teen girls were more likely included in a group of abstaining adolescents, characterized by low scores in all subscales of the I-CSB, such as sexual fantasies, obsessive sexual thoughts, and spending more time watching pornography. […] false

• #2 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Moreover, LGBTQ men had the highest outcomes on other indicators of CSB, such as frequency of masturbation, number of sexual partners, or frequency of pornography use. […] In turn, LGBTQ women had the highest scores on the subscale related to coping with unwanted feelings and stress. […] Similar results have been shown in a study of Tripodi and colleagues conducted on two non-clinical Italian and Swedish samples consisting of 433 women and 414 men aged 20-30 years. […] Women spent less time on online sexual activities (including pornography viewing) as well as scored lower on instruments measuring problematic cybersex behavior (Internet Sex Screening Test) and sexual compulsivity (Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Abbreviated). […] Results from a study by Mulhauser, Short, and Weindtock conducted on a group of 134 women and 235 men above the age of 18 from the US general population showed gender differences in scores obtained on measures of CSB, such as HBI-19, Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI), CPUI, and Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS), with women scoring significantly lower than men.

• #2 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 8 Issue 2 (2019)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/8/2/article-p242.xml

  A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive-impulsive disorder.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (=0.160; p=0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms =0.0.071; p=0.010; DERS: =0.080; p=0.006). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation.

• #2 Childhood Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Newly Diagnosed with HIV

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/9QLoddyl/

  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (β = 0.160; p = 0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms β = 0.0.071; p = 0.010; DERS: β = 0.080; p = 0.006). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation. Trauma-informed interventions addressing depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation may help to reduce CSB among MSM living with HIV.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  CSA is associated with higher sexual compulsivity in both men and women, with a greater association for men. Additionally, men who experienced sexual abuse as children have a higher rate of sexual compulsivity than men who did not experience CSA. For those who experienced CSA, sexually compulsive behaviors can develop as a way to cope with negative emotions such as low self-esteem, shame or anxiety. Researchers have also found a link between CSA and HIV for MSM. A meta-analysis found MSM who reported CSA were also more likely to live with HIV. […] The current study found that depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the association between CSA and CSB. After considering these mediators in the model, the relationship between CSA and CSB attenuated to non-significance.

• #2 Sexual addiction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_addiction

  According to a systematic review from 2014, observed prevalence rates of sexual addiction/hypersexual disorder range from 3% to 6%. Some studies suggest that sex addicts are disproportionately male, at 80%. […] The ICD-11 created a new condition classification, compulsive sexual behavior disorder, to cover „a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour”. However, CSBD is not considered to be an addiction, and the WHO does not support a diagnosis of sex addiction. […] Yet, despite these advances, research related to sexual addiction remains in its infancy. A lack of theoretical integration, deficits in methodological rigor, a paucity of clinical samples, over reliance on convenience samples (i.e., university students or Mechanical Turk samples), the complete absence of epidemiological studies, widespread inconsistencies in the definitions and measurements of CSB, and a lack of treatment studies all still plague the literature related to sexual addiction. If scientists, researchers, and clinicians in this domain want to bring the field forward and provide evidence-based care to people who report out-of control sexual behaviors, all of the above are needed. (Grubbs et al. 2020)

• #2 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  The challenges in diagnosing CSB are significant but not insurmountable. A thoughtful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive approach can facilitate accurate diagnosis, leading to effective treatment plans tailored to the unique needs of each individual. […] Effective treatment of Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach, considering the complexity of the condition and its frequent comorbidities. Treatment plans typically combine pharmacological interventions, psychotherapeutic techniques, and support systems to address both the symptoms and underlying causes of CSB.

• #2 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 12 Issue 2 (2023)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/12/2/article-p393.xml

  This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.

• #3 Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy – Sex and Sexual Addiction in the United States of America: An Overview of Its Epidemiology, Management and Prevention Strategies

  https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/sex-and-sexual-addiction-in-the-united-states-of-america-an-overview-of-its-epidemiology-management-and-prevention-strategies-2155-6105-1000366-105540.html

  Sexual Addiction (SA) is defined as a compulsive, uncontrollable and continuous sexual behaviour irrespective of its adverse effects or consequences. […] The prevalence of sexual addiction in the general adult population of the United States of American has been reported to be between 3-6%. […] In addition, evidence has suggested higher prevalence rates among individuals suffering from hypersexual disorder, and sexual offenders. […] Further statistics showed that majority of sex addicts were abused sexually (81%), emotionally (97%) or physically (72%). […] Reports have also shown that 87% of sex addicts were reported to come from dysfunctional families, where at least one family member had a history of, or presented with addiction. […] However, a variation in sexual activities between male and female sex addicts have been reported; while male sex addicts tend to engage in voyeur and anonymous sex, most female sex addicts prefers exhibitionist sex, trading for sex, pain exchange sex and fantasy sex.

• #3 Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Mental Health Disorders

  https://damorementalhealth.com/compulsive-sexual-behavior-and-mental-health-disorders/

  Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often labeled as sex addiction, commonly manifests alongside a range of other mental health disorders, presenting significant challenges. […] Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB), often referred to in lay terms as sex addiction, is a condition marked by an uncontrollable urge to engage in sexual activities despite potential negative consequences. […] Despite its profound impact on individuals and communities, CSB remains a controversial and complex topic within the mental health field. […] One of the most crucial aspects of CSB is its frequent co-occurrence with other psychiatric disorders. Research indicates a high prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and various personality disorders among those struggling with CSB.

• #3 Compulsive sexual behavior – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360453

  Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction. […] In the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the World Health Organization defines compulsive sexual behavior disorder as an impulse control disorder. […] More research is needed to come up with standard guidelines for diagnosis. But, for now, diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional who has expertise in addictions and compulsive sexual behaviors will likely give the best results.

• #3 Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review | NDT

  https://www.dovepress.com/spotlight-on-compulsive-sexual-behavior-disorder-a-systematic-review-o-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

  Moreover, LGBTQ men had the highest outcomes on other indicators of CSB, such as frequency of masturbation, number of sexual partners, or frequency of pornography use. […] In turn, LGBTQ women had the highest scores on the subscale related to coping with unwanted feelings and stress. […] Similar results have been shown in a study of Tripodi and colleagues conducted on two non-clinical Italian and Swedish samples consisting of 433 women and 414 men aged 20-30 years. […] Women spent less time on online sexual activities (including pornography viewing) as well as scored lower on instruments measuring problematic cybersex behavior (Internet Sex Screening Test) and sexual compulsivity (Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Abbreviated). […] Results from a study by Mulhauser, Short, and Weindtock conducted on a group of 134 women and 235 men above the age of 18 from the US general population showed gender differences in scores obtained on measures of CSB, such as HBI-19, Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI), CPUI, and Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS), with women scoring significantly lower than men.

• #3 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 8 Issue 2 (2019)

  https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/8/2/article-p242.xml

  Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD. […] Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

• #3 Childhood Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Newly Diagnosed with HIV

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/9QLoddyl/

  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (β = 0.160; p = 0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms β = 0.0.071; p = 0.010; DERS: β = 0.080; p = 0.006). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation. Trauma-informed interventions addressing depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation may help to reduce CSB among MSM living with HIV.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  CSA is associated with higher sexual compulsivity in both men and women, with a greater association for men. Additionally, men who experienced sexual abuse as children have a higher rate of sexual compulsivity than men who did not experience CSA. For those who experienced CSA, sexually compulsive behaviors can develop as a way to cope with negative emotions such as low self-esteem, shame or anxiety. Researchers have also found a link between CSA and HIV for MSM. A meta-analysis found MSM who reported CSA were also more likely to live with HIV. […] The current study found that depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the association between CSA and CSB. After considering these mediators in the model, the relationship between CSA and CSB attenuated to non-significance.

• #4 Compulsive sexual behavior – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360453

  Many mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, as a guide for diagnosing mental health conditions. Compulsive sexual behavior is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a diagnosis, but sometimes it’s diagnosed as part of another mental health condition, such as an impulse control disorder or a behavioral addiction. […] In the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the World Health Organization defines compulsive sexual behavior disorder as an impulse control disorder. […] More research is needed to come up with standard guidelines for diagnosis. But, for now, diagnosis and treatment by a mental health professional who has expertise in addictions and compulsive sexual behaviors will likely give the best results.

• #4

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04438-4

  CSA is associated with higher sexual compulsivity in both men and women, with a greater association for men. Additionally, men who experienced sexual abuse as children have a higher rate of sexual compulsivity than men who did not experience CSA. For those who experienced CSA, sexually compulsive behaviors can develop as a way to cope with negative emotions such as low self-esteem, shame or anxiety. Researchers have also found a link between CSA and HIV for MSM. A meta-analysis found MSM who reported CSA were also more likely to live with HIV. […] The current study found that depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the association between CSA and CSB. After considering these mediators in the model, the relationship between CSA and CSB attenuated to non-significance.

Zobacz więcej