Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu a
Leczenie

Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A (WZW A) jest ostrą, samoograniczającą się infekcją wątroby wywołaną przez HAV, która zazwyczaj nie prowadzi do przewlekłego uszkodzenia narządu. Leczenie jest wyłącznie wspomagające i obejmuje odpoczynek, odpowiednie nawodnienie, zbilansowaną dietę oraz unikanie alkoholu i leków hepatotoksycznych, takich jak paracetamol. W przypadku nasilonych objawów stosuje się leki przeciwwymiotne, przeciwgorączkowe i przeciwświądowe pod ścisłą kontrolą lekarską. Monitorowanie pacjentów powinno obejmować regularną ocenę funkcji wątroby (AspAT, AlAT, bilirubina, fosfataza alkaliczna, GGTP), parametrów krzepnięcia (INR, czas protrombinowy) oraz stanu neurologicznego w celu wczesnego wykrycia encefalopatii. Hospitalizacja jest wskazana w ciężkich przypadkach, zwłaszcza przy ryzyku piorunującej niewydolności wątroby, gdzie stosuje się intensywne leczenie wspomagające, a w skrajnych sytuacjach rozważa się przeszczepienie wątroby według kryteriów Kings College lub skali MELD.

  1. Leczenie wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu A
    1. Leczenie wspomagające
    2. Leczenie objawowe
    3. Leczenie powikłań
  2. Profilaktyka poekspozycyjna WZW typu A
    1. Szczepienie poekspozycyjne
    2. Immunoglobulina
  3. Nowe podejścia terapeutyczne w leczeniu WZW typu A
    1. Badania nad lekami przeciwwirusowymi
    2. Kortykosteroidy w ciężkich przypadkach
  4. Monitorowanie i kontrola w trakcie leczenia WZW typu A
    1. Badania kontrolne
    2. Zapobieganie szerzeniu się zakażenia
  5. Rokowanie i powrót do zdrowia po WZW typu A
    1. Czas powrotu do zdrowia
    2. Następstwa przebytego zakażenia
  6. Zalecenia dla personelu medycznego dotyczące leczenia WZW typu A
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Leczenie wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu A

Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A (WZW A) jest ostrą infekcją wątroby spowodowaną wirusem HAV (Hepatitis A Virus). W przeciwieństwie do innych typów wirusowego zapalenia wątroby, WZW A zazwyczaj nie prowadzi do przewlekłego uszkodzenia wątroby i w większości przypadków organizm jest w stanie samodzielnie zwalczyć infekcję w ciągu kilku miesięcy.12 Nie opracowano dotychczas specyficznego leczenia przeciwwirusowego dla zakażenia HAV, dlatego postępowanie terapeutyczne opiera się głównie na leczeniu objawowym i wspomagającym.34

Leczenie wspomagające

Podstawą leczenia WZW typu A jest postępowanie wspomagające, które ma na celu złagodzenie objawów choroby, zapobieganie powikłaniom oraz zapewnienie odpowiednich warunków do regeneracji wątroby.5 Główne elementy leczenia wspomagającego obejmują:

  • Odpoczynek – większość pacjentów z WZW A odczuwa zmęczenie i osłabienie, dlatego zaleca się ograniczenie aktywności fizycznej i zapewnienie odpowiedniej ilości snu67
  • Odpowiednie nawodnienie – istotne jest spożywanie wystarczającej ilości płynów, szczególnie w przypadku występowania wymiotów lub biegunki, aby zapobiec odwodnieniu89
  • Zbilansowana dieta – zaleca się spożywanie lekkostrawnych, zbilansowanych posiłków, często w mniejszych porcjach, aby zminimalizować nudności1011
  • Unikanie alkoholu – alkohol może nasilić uszkodzenie wątroby, dlatego należy całkowicie wyeliminować go z diety na czas choroby i rekonwalescencji1213
  • Ostrożne stosowanie leków – wątroba ma trudności z metabolizowaniem leków podczas infekcji, dlatego należy unikać substancji hepatotoksycznych (np. paracetamolu) i konsultować z lekarzem stosowanie wszelkich farmaceutyków1415

Pacjenci z WZW A powinni pozostać w domu, unikając kontaktu z innymi osobami, dopóki nie ustąpi gorączka i żółtaczka, a także przez co najmniej tydzień od początku objawów, aby zapobiec rozprzestrzenianiu się wirusa.16

Leczenie objawowe

W celu złagodzenia dokuczliwych objawów WZW A można zastosować leczenie farmakologiczne, jednak zawsze pod kontrolą lekarza ze względu na potencjalne obciążenie wątroby.17 Leczenie objawowe może obejmować:

  • Leki przeciwwymiotne (antyemetyki) – w przypadku nasilonych nudności i wymiotów1819
  • Leki przeciwgorączkowe – ostrożnie stosowane w celu obniżenia wysokiej temperatury20
  • Leki przeciwświądowe – w przypadku nasilonego świądu skóry (np. cholestyramine)2122
  • Nawodnienie dożylne – w przypadku odwodnienia spowodowanego uporczywymi wymiotami lub biegunką2324

Należy podkreślić, że przed zastosowaniem jakichkolwiek leków, w tym dostępnych bez recepty, pacjent powinien skonsultować się z lekarzem prowadzącym.25

Leczenie powikłań

Choć rzadko, WZW A może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań, które wymagają specjalistycznego leczenia. W przypadku ciężkiego przebiegu choroby konieczna może być hospitalizacja.26 Najgroźniejszym powikłaniem jest piorunująca niewydolność wątroby, która wymaga intensywnego leczenia:

  • Hospitalizacja na oddziale intensywnej terapii27
  • Intensywne leczenie wspomagające z monitorowaniem funkcji wątroby28
  • W niektórych przypadkach rozważa się zastosowanie krótkotrwałej terapii kortykosteroidami, szczególnie w przypadku cholestatycznej postaci WZW A, jednak brakuje randomizowanych badań klinicznych potwierdzających skuteczność tej terapii29
  • W skrajnych przypadkach, przy piorunującej niewydolności wątroby, może być konieczne przeszczepienie wątroby3031

Do oceny kwalifikacji pacjentów do przeszczepienia wątroby w przebiegu piorunującej niewydolności wątrobowej stosuje się kryteria Kings College lub skalę MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease).32

Profilaktyka poekspozycyjna WZW typu A

Choć nie istnieje specyficzne leczenie WZW A, możliwe jest zapobieżenie rozwojowi choroby u osób, które miały kontakt z wirusem, poprzez zastosowanie profilaktyki poekspozycyjnej.33 Jest to szczególnie istotne dla osób z grup wysokiego ryzyka, takich jak pacjenci z przewlekłymi chorobami wątroby, u których WZW A może mieć cięższy przebieg.34

Szczepienie poekspozycyjne

Szczepienie przeciwko WZW A zastosowane w ciągu 2 tygodni od ekspozycji na wirusa może zapobiec rozwojowi choroby lub złagodzić jej przebieg.35 Zgodnie z zaleceniami, szczepienie poekspozycyjne powinno być stosowane u:

  • Osób niezaszczepionych, które miały bliski kontakt z osobą zakażoną HAV (domownicy, partnerzy seksualni)36
  • Osób eksponowanych na pokarm lub wodę skażoną HAV37
  • Osób powyżej 12 miesiąca życia do 40 roku życia, u których nie występują przeciwwskazania do szczepienia38

Immunoglobulina

W niektórych przypadkach zamiast szczepionki lub razem z nią stosuje się immunoglobulinę (Gama-stan, immune globulin intramuscular), która zawiera przeciwciała przeciwko HAV i zapewnia natychmiastową, ale krótkotrwałą ochronę (do około 3 miesięcy).39 Immunoglobulina jest zalecana dla:

  • Dzieci poniżej 12 miesiąca życia40
  • Osób z obniżoną odpornością41
  • Pacjentów z przewlekłymi chorobami wątroby42
  • Osób z przeciwwskazaniami do szczepienia przeciwko WZW A43
  • Osób powyżej 40 roku życia, w połączeniu ze szczepionką44

Skuteczność immunoglobuliny w zapobieganiu WZW A jest najwyższa, gdy podaje się ją jak najszybciej po ekspozycji, najlepiej w ciągu 2 tygodni.45

Nowe podejścia terapeutyczne w leczeniu WZW typu A

Choć obecnie nie istnieje zatwierdzone leczenie przeciwwirusowe WZW A, prowadzone są badania nad nowymi potencjalnymi opcjami terapeutycznymi.46 Najnowsze kierunki badań obejmują:

Badania nad lekami przeciwwirusowymi

Pojawienie się nowych leków przeciwwirusowych, takich jak leki działające bezpośrednio na wirusa (DAA – direct-acting antivirals) oraz leki ukierunkowane na gospodarza (HTA – host-targeting agents), rozszerzyło potencjalne możliwości terapeutyczne przeciwko HAV.47 Przykłady substancji badanych w kontekście WZW A to:

  • AZD1480 – inhibitor kinaz JAK1 i JAK2, który w badaniach in vitro wykazał zdolność do hamowania replikacji HAV genotypu III w komórkach raka wątrobowokomórkowego48
  • Chlorek cynku – w badaniach in vitro hamował replikację HAV nawet o 62% w zakażonych komórkach wątroby49
  • Oksygenaza hemowa-1 – podwyższenie ekspresji tego enzymu poprzez podanie heminy, CoPP-9 (organiczna porfiryna) lub andrografolidu może hamować replikację HAV bez wywoływania toksyczności komórkowej50

Kortykosteroidy w ciężkich przypadkach

W niektórych ciężkich przypadkach WZW A, szczególnie przy cholestatycznej postaci choroby lub piorunującej niewydolności wątroby, badane jest zastosowanie kortykosteroidów.51 Terapia ta opiera się na założeniu, że znaczna część uszkodzeń wątroby w przebiegu WZW A jest spowodowana odpowiedzią immunologiczną organizmu.52 Kortykosteroidy stosowane są również w rzadkich przypadkach aplazji czerwonokrwinkowej wywołanej przez WZW A.53 Należy jednak podkreślić, że brakuje dużych randomizowanych badań klinicznych potwierdzających skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo tej terapii.54

Monitorowanie i kontrola w trakcie leczenia WZW typu A

Ze względu na brak specyficznego leczenia przeciwwirusowego, monitorowanie pacjentów z WZW A koncentruje się na ocenie funkcji wątroby i wykrywaniu ewentualnych powikłań.55

Badania kontrolne

W trakcie leczenia WZW A zaleca się regularną kontrolę parametrów laboratoryjnych, w tym:

  • Regularne badania funkcji wątroby (AspAT, AlAT, bilirubina, fosfataza alkaliczna, GGTP)56
  • Monitoring parametrów krzepnięcia (INR, czas protrombinowy) – szczególnie istotny w ciężkich przypadkach, gdyż zaburzenia krzepnięcia mogą wskazywać na rozwój niewydolności wątroby57
  • Ocena stanu świadomości i funkcji neurologicznych – w celu wczesnego wykrycia encefalopatii wątrobowej58
  • Kontrola morfologii krwi i parametrów nerkowych59

Większość pacjentów z WZW A nie wymaga hospitalizacji, jednak w przypadku nasilonych objawów, odwodnienia lub oznak pogorszenia funkcji wątroby może być konieczne leczenie szpitalne.60

Zapobieganie szerzeniu się zakażenia

Istotnym elementem postępowania z pacjentem z WZW A jest zapobieganie szerzeniu się zakażenia. Zalecenia dla pacjentów obejmują:61

  • Dokładne mycie rąk, szczególnie po skorzystaniu z toalety i przed przygotowywaniem posiłków62
  • Unikanie przygotowywania posiłków dla innych osób podczas okresu zakaźności63
  • Unikanie bliskich kontaktów, w tym kontaktów seksualnych, do czasu ustąpienia objawów i zakończenia okresu zakaźności64
  • Identyfikacja osób z bliskiego kontaktu i skierowanie ich do oceny pod kątem profilaktyki poekspozycyjnej65

Zakażenie WZW A podlega obowiązkowi zgłoszenia do lokalnych władz sanitarnych.66

Rokowanie i powrót do zdrowia po WZW typu A

Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A ma zazwyczaj dobre rokowanie, a całkowite wyleczenie następuje w ciągu kilku miesięcy bez trwałych następstw.67

Czas powrotu do zdrowia

Okres zdrowienia po WZW A jest zróżnicowany i zależy od indywidualnych cech pacjenta:

  • U większości pacjentów objawy ustępują w ciągu 2-3 miesięcy68
  • Pełne wyleczenie kliniczne i biochemiczne następuje w ciągu 3 miesięcy u około 85% pacjentów69
  • U prawie wszystkich pacjentów całkowity powrót do zdrowia następuje w ciągu 6 miesięcy70
  • W rzadkich przypadkach (około 15% pacjentów) objawy mogą nawracać przez okres do 9 miesięcy71

Po przebytym zakażeniu HAV organizm wytwarza przeciwciała, które zapewniają dożywotnią odporność na ponowne zakażenie tym wirusem.7273

Następstwa przebytego zakażenia

W przeciwieństwie do WZW B i C, WZW A nie prowadzi do przewlekłego zapalenia wątroby i zazwyczaj nie pozostawia trwałych następstw.74 Jednak istnieją pewne konsekwencje przebytego zakażenia:

  • Osoby, które przebyły WZW A po 10 roku życia, nie mogą być dawcami krwi75
  • U pacjentów z istniejącymi wcześniej chorobami wątroby, WZW A może przyspieszyć progresję choroby76
  • Rzadko, szczególnie u osób starszych, mogą wystąpić nawroty choroby w ciągu kilku miesięcy po początkowym wyzdrowieniu77

Zaleca się, aby osoby po przebytym WZW A rozważyły szczepienie przeciwko WZW B, aby zapobiec dodatkowym uszkodzeniom wątroby w przyszłości.78

Zalecenia dla personelu medycznego dotyczące leczenia WZW typu A

Prowadząc leczenie pacjenta z WZW A, personel medyczny powinien koncentrować się na następujących aspektach:79

  1. Potwierdzenie rozpoznania poprzez badania serologiczne (obecność przeciwciał anty-HAV klasy IgM)80
  2. Ocena nasilenia choroby na podstawie badań klinicznych i laboratoryjnych81
  3. Wdrożenie leczenia wspomagającego, obejmującego odpoczynek, nawodnienie i odpowiednią dietę82
  4. Monitorowanie funkcji wątroby i ogólnego stanu pacjenta83
  5. Właściwe stosowanie leków objawowych, z uwzględnieniem potencjalnego obciążenia wątroby84
  6. Identyfikacja i monitorowanie pacjentów z ryzykiem rozwoju ciężkiej postaci choroby85
  7. Wdrożenie profilaktyki poekspozycyjnej u osób z kontaktu86
  8. Edukacja pacjenta na temat higieny i zapobiegania przenoszeniu wirusa87
  9. Zgłoszenie przypadku do odpowiednich służb sanitarno-epidemiologicznych88

W przypadku ciężkiego przebiegu choroby, zwłaszcza u pacjentów z przewlekłymi chorobami wątroby, osobami starszymi lub z objawami niewydolności wątroby, należy rozważyć hospitalizację i intensywne monitorowanie funkcji wątroby.8990

Przy braku skutecznego leczenia przeciwwirusowego, profilaktyka poprzez szczepienia pozostaje najskuteczniejszą strategią kontroli WZW A zarówno na poziomie indywidualnym, jak i populacyjnym.91

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  1. 17.04.2026
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Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Hepatitis A – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20367055
    No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to: Rest. Many people with hepatitis A feel tired and sick and have less energy. Get adequate food and liquid. Eat a balanced healthy diet. Nausea can make it difficult to eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs. […] Avoid alcohol and use medications with care. Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don’t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.
  • #2 Hepatitis A: Symptoms, What It Is, Transmission & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21198-hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is a very contagious liver disease. Its a viral infection that happens after exposure to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The infection causes inflammation in your liver. It usually goes away without treatment. […] Theres no specific treatment for hepatitis A infection. Your healthcare provider may recommend that you: Stay home: You should stay home from school or work until your fever goes away and you dont have jaundice symptoms. After that, you may return to work or school if its been at least one week since your symptoms started. Stay hydrated: Sip liquids throughout the day. If youre nauseous, try broths or clear soups. And treat yourself to foods that are mostly liquid like popsicles, flavored gelatin or ice cream. Avoid substances that stress your liver: Take a break from alcohol, smoking, drugs and medications if possible. Check with your healthcare provider before taking herbs or supplements. Keep in touch with your provider: Theyll want to check on you periodically to make sure your condition is improving. If you have severe symptoms, they might want to monitor you more closely. […] Hepatitis A doesnt require treatment to cure it. It goes away on its own. But it may be weeks or a few months before you feel better.
  • #3
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a
    There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A. Instead, the management of hepatitis A focuses on supportive care to relieve symptoms and ensure adequate hydration and nutrition. Recovery from symptoms following infection may be slow and can take several weeks or months. It is important to avoid unnecessary medications that can adversely affect the liver, e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol. […] Hospitalization is unnecessary in the absence of severe disease or acute liver failure. Therapy is aimed at maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance, including replacement of fluids that are lost from vomiting and diarrhoea.
  • #4 Hepatitis A Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Supportive Care, Liver Transplantation
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484-treatment
    Treatment generally involves supportive care, with specific complications treated as appropriate. Liver transplantation, in selected cases, is an option if the patient has fulminant hepatic failure. […] Patients at risk of developing acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection should undergo immunization for the virus. In addition, immunization of those at greater risk for morbidity from acute HAV infection is important. […] The advent of new antiviral agents, such as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and host-targeting agents (HTAs), has expanded the potential therapeutic options available against HAV. […] For acute cases of HAV infection, therapy is generally supportive, with no specific treatment of acute uncomplicated illness. […] Acetaminophen may be cautiously administered but is strictly limited to a maximum dose of 3-4 g/day in adults. Other treatments are directed by specific complications.
  • #5 Hepatitis A Prevention and Control | Hepatitis A | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/prevention/index.html
    For most people with HAV infection, doctors usually recommend rest, proper nutrition, and fluids.
  • #6 Hepatitis A – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20367055
    No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to: Rest. Many people with hepatitis A feel tired and sick and have less energy. Get adequate food and liquid. Eat a balanced healthy diet. Nausea can make it difficult to eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs. […] Avoid alcohol and use medications with care. Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don’t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.
  • #7 Treatments for Hepatitis A | Austin Gastroenterology
    https://www.austingastro.com/2020/03/06/treatments-for-hepatitis-a/
    Hepatitis A, in particular, is a very contagious type of this disease, but it is also generally the most easily treatable. […] Fortunately, despite the signs, hepatitis A does not do long-term damage to the liver. It can even usually heal on its own without medical intervention and by using simple home-based methods. […] There is no specific treatment for this condition. However, people with hepatitis A can recover relatively quickly by taking the following actions to address and manage its symptoms: […] This infection can make you feel sick and lethargic. That is why your doctor will recommend that you get plenty of rest. […] For this reason, it is vital to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. […] Consuming smaller but more frequent meals can help you avoid nausea and vomiting.
  • #8 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10221699/
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III.
  • #9 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. […] Treatment for hepatitis A […] – There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A […] – Rest, good fluid intake and a change in diet may decrease symptoms […] – Severely ill patients require admission to hospital […] – Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the stress on the liver and should be discussed with your doctor. […] […] […] Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of contact with an infectious person in a contact of a person who has hepatitis A if it is given no later than 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the person with hepatitis A infection. The vaccine is offered to household contacts and/or sexual contacts of the person with hepatitis A who are not already immune to hepatitis A. A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of getting the infection from that person.
  • #10 Hepatitis A – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20367055
    No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to: Rest. Many people with hepatitis A feel tired and sick and have less energy. Get adequate food and liquid. Eat a balanced healthy diet. Nausea can make it difficult to eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs. […] Avoid alcohol and use medications with care. Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don’t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.
  • #11 Hepatitis A Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a
    There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. […] You should rest and stay well hydrated when the symptoms are the worst. […] People with acute hepatitis should avoid alcohol and medicines that are toxic to the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) during the acute illness and for several months after recovery. […] Fatty foods may cause vomiting and are best avoided during the acute phase of the illness.
  • #12 Hepatitis A (Hep A): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/digestive-diseases-hepatitis-a
    No medication can get rid of the hepatitis A virus once you have it. Your doctor will treat your symptoms (they may call this supportive care) until it goes away. Theyll also do tests that check how well your liver is working to be sure your body is healing like it should. […] You can take these steps to make yourself more comfortable: […] Avoid alcohol. It’s harder for your liver to handle medications and alcohol when you have the virus. Plus, drinking can lead to more liver damage. Tell your doctor about any medications you take, including over-the-counter drugs, as these might also hurt your liver. […] There’s no cure for hepatitis A. Your doctor will help you manage your symptoms while the virus runs its course. Most people don’t have long-term effects from the disease.
  • #13 Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Transmission & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/hepatitis
    Hepatitis happens when something causes inflammation in your liver. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medication and a liver transplant. […] In general, treatments include: […] Lifestyle changes. Changes like avoiding alcohol, eating a variety of fruits and vegetables and getting extra rest help with the symptoms of hepatitis A and acute hepatitis B. […] Antivirals. This is treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Antivirals cant cure it. But taking them reduces the risk that youll spread hepatitis B to someone else and decreases the chances of causing complications. […] Direct-acting antivirals (DDA). These drugs can cure hepatitis C. […] Liver transplant. You may need a liver transplant if chronic hepatitis B leads to liver failure. […] That depends on the type of hepatitis that you have. For example, hepatitis A often goes away without medical treatment. Direct-acting antivirals can cure hepatitis C. And a liver transplant may cure chronic hepatitis B.
  • #14 Treatment of hepatitis A – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hepatitis-a/treatment.html
    There is no treatment for hepatitis A. Most people with hepatitis A will feel sick for a few months before they begin to feel better. […] Health care providers usually recommend: rest, fluids, adequate nutrition. […] Some people will need to be hospitalized. […] If you have hepatitis A, you should check with your health care provider before taking any: supplements, prescription pills, over-the-counter medications. […] These can potentially damage your liver. Alcohol should also be avoided. […] After you recover, you will likely be protected against getting hepatitis A for life.
  • #15 Hepatitis A Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a
    There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. […] You should rest and stay well hydrated when the symptoms are the worst. […] People with acute hepatitis should avoid alcohol and medicines that are toxic to the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) during the acute illness and for several months after recovery. […] Fatty foods may cause vomiting and are best avoided during the acute phase of the illness.
  • #16 Hepatitis A: Symptoms, What It Is, Transmission & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21198-hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is a very contagious liver disease. Its a viral infection that happens after exposure to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The infection causes inflammation in your liver. It usually goes away without treatment. […] Theres no specific treatment for hepatitis A infection. Your healthcare provider may recommend that you: Stay home: You should stay home from school or work until your fever goes away and you dont have jaundice symptoms. After that, you may return to work or school if its been at least one week since your symptoms started. Stay hydrated: Sip liquids throughout the day. If youre nauseous, try broths or clear soups. And treat yourself to foods that are mostly liquid like popsicles, flavored gelatin or ice cream. Avoid substances that stress your liver: Take a break from alcohol, smoking, drugs and medications if possible. Check with your healthcare provider before taking herbs or supplements. Keep in touch with your provider: Theyll want to check on you periodically to make sure your condition is improving. If you have severe symptoms, they might want to monitor you more closely. […] Hepatitis A doesnt require treatment to cure it. It goes away on its own. But it may be weeks or a few months before you feel better.
  • #17 Hepatitis A: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, & Treatment
    https://www.health.com/hepatitis-a-overview-7485775
    According to the World Health Organization, about 1.5 million cases of hepatitis A occur worldwide each year. Treatment usually involves rest, avoiding alcohol, and certain medications. Most people with hepatitis A recover within a few weeks, but in some cases, the infection can last months and lead to severe complications, such as liver failure. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for hepatitis A, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the bodys natural healing process. Treatment for hepatitis A may include: […] Getting plenty of rest and staying well-hydrated can help the body fight off the infection and alleviate symptoms such as fatigue and nausea. Avoid alcohol drinking alcohol until symptoms decrease. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen may help relieve symptoms like fever and body aches. […] If you develop severe symptoms, you may need to spend some time in the hospital for intravenous fluids, nutrition support, and management of complications (e.g., liver failure).
  • #18 Hepatitis A – Knowledge @ AMBOSS
    https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/hepatitis-a/
    Hepatitis A is generally self-limited. […] Offer supportive care. Recommend rest as needed. Consider symptomatic treatment, e.g., antiemetics. Inability to maintain hydration with oral fluids can be an indication for parenteral fluid therapy and hospitalization. […] Recommend alcohol avoidance. Use medications that are metabolized by the liver with caution (e.g., acetaminophen). More intensive treatment may be required in rare cases in which hepatitis A leads to acute liver failure.
  • #19 Best Hepatitis A Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/liver-transplant-and-biliary-sciences/conditions-treatments/hepatitis-a
    Eating a nutritious diet to support overall health, although appetite may be reduced. […] Abstaining from alcohol and avoiding medications that can strain the liver (e.g., acetaminophen) to prevent further liver damage. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended for discomfort, but should be used cautiously and under medical advice. […] Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed if nausea and vomiting are severe. […] Patients may need regular follow-up appointments to monitor liver function and overall health. […] Periodic liver function tests to ensure the liver is recovering properly. […] Practising thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoiding close contact with others, particularly sharing utensils, food, or drinks, to prevent spreading the virus.
  • #20 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1080
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III. […] The upregulation of enzyme heme oxygenase-1 through the administration of hemin, CoPP-9 (organic porphyrin) or andrographolide can suppress HAV replication without cell toxicity.
  • #21 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    No specific treatment is needed for most patients with acute, uncomplicated HAV infection beyond supportive care. […] In individuals with fulminant hepatitis within regions where universal immunization is not possible, antiviral treatment would be helpful; this type of therapy is currently not available for HAV. […] Cholestatic hepatitis A is also self-limiting; if pruritus is severe, antipruritic measures, including cholestyramine, rifampicin, or ondansetron, may be used. […] Severe HAV infections with ALF should be managed like other ALF cases. […] The Kings College criteria give a lower priority to ALF due to acute viral hepatitis as these are less severe. […] Despite the implementation of priority scoring systems like the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score or Kings College criteria for liver transplantation referrals, it remains challenging to determine which patients with hepatitis A-associated ALF will need a transplant due to the lack of reliable biomarkers.
  • #22 Hepatitis A – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/hepatitis-a
    Treatment of Hepatitis A is supportive. […] No treatments attenuate acute viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A. Alcohol should be avoided because it can increase liver damage. Restrictions on diet or activity, including commonly prescribed bed rest, have no scientific basis. […] For cholestatic hepatitis, cholestyramine 8 g orally once or twice a day can relieve itching. […] Hepatitis A should be reported to the local or state health department. […] Treat supportively.
  • #23 Hepatitis A – children: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007670.htm
    There is no drug treatment for hepatitis A. Your child’s immune system will fight the virus. Managing the symptoms can help your child feel better while recovering: […] While rare, symptoms may be severe enough that children with HAV need extra fluids through a vein (IV).
  • #24 Medical Treatment for Hepatitis | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/hepatitis/treatments/medical-treatment-for-hepatitis
    Most people with hepatitis A do not require treatment. This type of hepatitis usually clears up on its own after a few weeks or months. Your NYU Langone doctor may recommend getting lots of rest and drinking plenty of water. You should avoid alcoholic beverages, because drinking alcohol can delay recovery. […] Rarely, a person with hepatitis A or acute hepatitis B may experience severe symptoms and require medical attention. If you begin to vomit frequently or have persistent diarrhea, your doctor may recommend a brief hospitalization so that intravenous (IV) fluids can keep you hydrated. […] Antiviral medications prevent the virus from replicating, which means creating copies of itself. They prevent and can even reverse liver damage. Current antiviral medications are safe, highly effective, and can treat hepatitis B with a low risk of serious side effects. These medications, which are taken by mouth, are usually required for years or even indefinitely.
  • #25 Hepatitis A Treatment – Hep
    https://www.hepmag.com/basics/liver-health/hepatitis-a-treated
    The usual treatment for hepatitis A is bed rest. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids, particularly if you are experiencing diarrhea or vomiting. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, etc.) can help manage some of the symptoms of hepatitis A, although its best to consult with your health care provider before using any medications. If you have not been vaccinated but you were recently exposed to hepatitis A, talk to your doctor about receiving hepatitis A postexposure prophylaxis. This must be done as soon as possible, and no longer than two weeks after exposure. […] Adults over age 40 receive an injection of immune globulin (also called gamma globulin). Immune globulin contains high levels of antibodies to HAV, which can help prevent the disease if you have been exposed to the virus. People who receive immune globulin to prevent active hepatitis A should also receive the hepatitis A vaccine. […] Immune globulin is recommended for children under 12 months, immunocompromised people, those with chronic liver disease, and anyone who is allergic to the hep A vaccine.
  • #26 Treatment for hepatitis A – British Liver Trust
    https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/hepatitis-a/treatment/
    For most people, your immune system will get rid of hepatitis A and you will feel better in a few weeks. But it can take up to 6 months to fully recover. […] There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. But if you have symptoms you can talk to your doctor about medicines to help. For example, pain killers and treatments to help with itching or feeling sick. […] In rare cases hepatitis A can cause more serious damage to your liver. Your risk is higher if you already have a long term (chronic) liver condition. […] If it is already struggling, then having to deal with hepatitis A as well can be too much. When this happens, your liver can stop working. You will need to be treated in hospital. Possibly in an intensive care unit. If the damage is long lasting, then a liver transplant could be the only way to cure the problem.
  • #27 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. […] Treatment for hepatitis A […] – There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A […] – Rest, good fluid intake and a change in diet may decrease symptoms […] – Severely ill patients require admission to hospital […] – Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the stress on the liver and should be discussed with your doctor. […] […] […] Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of contact with an infectious person in a contact of a person who has hepatitis A if it is given no later than 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the person with hepatitis A infection. The vaccine is offered to household contacts and/or sexual contacts of the person with hepatitis A who are not already immune to hepatitis A. A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of getting the infection from that person.
  • #28 Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-treatment-and-prevention
    Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention […] TREATMENT — HAV infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery is observed within three months in 85 percent of patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. […] Patients with fulminant hepatic failure require aggressive supportive therapy and should be transferred to a center capable of performing liver transplantation. […] SUMMARY — Treatment – Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery are observed within two to three months in most patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. HAV infection confers lifelong immunity.
  • #29 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    However, Kings College criteria may not apply to high endemicity regions with higher prevalence where dynamic prognostication models have been developed. […] Patients exhibiting worsening hepatic synthetic function require special considerations. […] In rare cases of severe relapse and cholestatic symptoms, patients have been given a short course of corticosteroids based on anecdotal evidence and limited case reports, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. […] Corticosteroids are also used for pure red cell aplasia caused by hepatitis A and have been tried in children with fulminant liver failure from hepatitis A.
  • #30 Hepatitis A
    https://www.upmc.com/services/liver-cancer/conditions/hepatitis-a
    There are no specific treatments for hepatitis A. […] The goals of hepatitis A treatment are to: […] Keep you as comfortable as possible […] Prevent the infection from being passed to others […] Prevent more liver damage by helping you avoid substances (medications, alcohol) that might stress the liver while it’s healing […] The disease generally will go away, without treatment, within two to five weeks. However, about 15 percent of people who are infected by hepatitis A will have relapsing symptoms for up to nine months. […] In almost all cases, once you recover, there are no aftereffects and you are immune to the virus. […] In rare cases, hepatitis A infection will be so severe that a liver transplant may be necessary.
  • #31 Hepatitis A, B & C | Treatments | MedStar Health
    https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/hepatitis-treatments
    Most people do not require treatment for hepatitis A and the infection will go away on its own within a month or two. […] Certain options are available for relieving symptoms of the infection, but you should talk to your doctor before taking any steps. […] There is a vaccination for hepatitis A that is recommended for all children and people at high risk for infection. […] Chronic hepatitis B is often monitored through regular drug treatment. […] Severe cases may require a liver transplant to replace a damaged liver. […] Hepatitis C does not always require treatment, especially if you are not experiencing symptoms and have a low risk of developing a chronic condition. […] Most patients undergo combination drug therapy of peginterferon and ribavirin for several months in hopes of curing the infection or preventing liver damage.
  • #32 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    No specific treatment is needed for most patients with acute, uncomplicated HAV infection beyond supportive care. […] In individuals with fulminant hepatitis within regions where universal immunization is not possible, antiviral treatment would be helpful; this type of therapy is currently not available for HAV. […] Cholestatic hepatitis A is also self-limiting; if pruritus is severe, antipruritic measures, including cholestyramine, rifampicin, or ondansetron, may be used. […] Severe HAV infections with ALF should be managed like other ALF cases. […] The Kings College criteria give a lower priority to ALF due to acute viral hepatitis as these are less severe. […] Despite the implementation of priority scoring systems like the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score or Kings College criteria for liver transplantation referrals, it remains challenging to determine which patients with hepatitis A-associated ALF will need a transplant due to the lack of reliable biomarkers.
  • #33 Patient education: Hepatitis A (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-beyond-the-basics
    If a person has a known exposure to hepatitis A and has not previously received the hepatitis A vaccine, „postexposure protection” with either the vaccine or immune globulin should be given as soon as possible, within two weeks of exposure. […] In general, for healthy people over the age of one year, the vaccination is preferred over immune globulin since it is more effective, easier to administer, and more readily available than immune globulin. However, in some situations, immune globulin is appropriate (either instead of or in addition to the vaccine). Your health care provider can talk to you about which approach is best for you.
  • #34 Hepatitis A Treatments, Complications, and Prognosis
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/treatments-for-hepatitis-a
    If you think youve been exposed to hepatitis A, you should see your doctor right away. Getting a vaccine or a drug called hepatitis A immune globulin could keep you from getting sick. But for this to work, youll need to get the vaccine very soon after coming into contact with the virus. […] Theres no treatment once youve been infected. Youll have to wait until your body gets rid of the virus. Most people find that their liver is healed within 6 months. […] Most people get better within 2 months. There are usually no long-term effects. After you recover, youll be immune for the rest of your life. […] Its rare, but for some people, the disease comes and goes for about 6 months before it goes away completely. […] You are very unlikely to develop liver failure, though the chances are higher if you already had a liver condition or youre elderly. If you have liver failure, youll need a transplant.
  • #35 Hepatitis A – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/symptoms-causes/syc-20367007
    Mild cases of hepatitis A don’t require treatment. Most people who are infected recover completely with no permanent liver damage. […] Getting the hepatitis A vaccine or an injection of an antibody called immunoglobulin within two weeks of exposure to the hepatitis A virus may protect you from infection. […] The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection with the virus. The vaccine is typically given in two shots. The first shot is followed by a booster shot six months later. The hepatitis A vaccine can be given in a combination that includes the hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine combination is given in three shots over six months. […] If you’re concerned about your risk of hepatitis A, ask your health care provider if you should be vaccinated.
  • #36 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. […] Treatment for hepatitis A […] – There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A […] – Rest, good fluid intake and a change in diet may decrease symptoms […] – Severely ill patients require admission to hospital […] – Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the stress on the liver and should be discussed with your doctor. […] […] […] Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of contact with an infectious person in a contact of a person who has hepatitis A if it is given no later than 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the person with hepatitis A infection. The vaccine is offered to household contacts and/or sexual contacts of the person with hepatitis A who are not already immune to hepatitis A. A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of getting the infection from that person.
  • #37 Hepatitis A | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1000/p368.html
    Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all unvaccinated individuals with significant exposure in the previous two weeks, including sex partners, household contacts, or known contaminated food sources. Immune globulin should be given only to children younger than 12 months and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated, such as someone with an allergy to neomycin or another component of the vaccine. Both the vaccine and immune globulin are recommended for adults older than 40 years and children older than 12 months who are immunocompromised or have chronic liver disease. All other patients should receive a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.
  • #38 Hepatitis A | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1000/p368.html
    Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all unvaccinated individuals with significant exposure in the previous two weeks, including sex partners, household contacts, or known contaminated food sources. Immune globulin should be given only to children younger than 12 months and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated, such as someone with an allergy to neomycin or another component of the vaccine. Both the vaccine and immune globulin are recommended for adults older than 40 years and children older than 12 months who are immunocompromised or have chronic liver disease. All other patients should receive a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.
  • #39 Hepatitis A Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/hepatitis-a.html
    GamaSTAN S/D is used for hepatitis a, measles, rubella, varicella-zoster. […] Immune globulin intramuscular systemic is used for hepatitis a, measles, rubella, varicella-zoster. […] There are no drugs to treat hepatitis A. Doctors generally recommend getting bed rest, eating well-balanced meals, drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding alcoholic beverages. It is also essential to avoid medications that can be toxic to your liver, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol). […] The following list of medications are related to or used in the treatment of this condition. […] GamaSTAN S/D […] immune globulin intramuscular.
  • #40 Hepatitis A | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1000/p368.html
    Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all unvaccinated individuals with significant exposure in the previous two weeks, including sex partners, household contacts, or known contaminated food sources. Immune globulin should be given only to children younger than 12 months and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated, such as someone with an allergy to neomycin or another component of the vaccine. Both the vaccine and immune globulin are recommended for adults older than 40 years and children older than 12 months who are immunocompromised or have chronic liver disease. All other patients should receive a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.
  • #41 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    […] […] If contacts are under 1 year of age, have a lowered immune system, have chronic liver disease, or any another reason that the hepatitis A vaccine is not recommended, hepatitis A immunoglobulin can be offered. Immunoglobulin is a solution containing human antibodies that is made from blood products.
  • #42 Hepatitis A | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1000/p368.html
    Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all unvaccinated individuals with significant exposure in the previous two weeks, including sex partners, household contacts, or known contaminated food sources. Immune globulin should be given only to children younger than 12 months and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated, such as someone with an allergy to neomycin or another component of the vaccine. Both the vaccine and immune globulin are recommended for adults older than 40 years and children older than 12 months who are immunocompromised or have chronic liver disease. All other patients should receive a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.
  • #43 Hepatitis A | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1000/p368.html
    Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all unvaccinated individuals with significant exposure in the previous two weeks, including sex partners, household contacts, or known contaminated food sources. Immune globulin should be given only to children younger than 12 months and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated, such as someone with an allergy to neomycin or another component of the vaccine. Both the vaccine and immune globulin are recommended for adults older than 40 years and children older than 12 months who are immunocompromised or have chronic liver disease. All other patients should receive a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine.
  • #44 Hepatitis A Treatment – Hep
    https://www.hepmag.com/basics/liver-health/hepatitis-a-treated
    The usual treatment for hepatitis A is bed rest. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids, particularly if you are experiencing diarrhea or vomiting. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, etc.) can help manage some of the symptoms of hepatitis A, although its best to consult with your health care provider before using any medications. If you have not been vaccinated but you were recently exposed to hepatitis A, talk to your doctor about receiving hepatitis A postexposure prophylaxis. This must be done as soon as possible, and no longer than two weeks after exposure. […] Adults over age 40 receive an injection of immune globulin (also called gamma globulin). Immune globulin contains high levels of antibodies to HAV, which can help prevent the disease if you have been exposed to the virus. People who receive immune globulin to prevent active hepatitis A should also receive the hepatitis A vaccine. […] Immune globulin is recommended for children under 12 months, immunocompromised people, those with chronic liver disease, and anyone who is allergic to the hep A vaccine.
  • #45 Hepatitis A Treatments, Complications, and Prognosis
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/treatments-for-hepatitis-a
    If you think youve been exposed to hepatitis A, you should see your doctor right away. Getting a vaccine or a drug called hepatitis A immune globulin could keep you from getting sick. But for this to work, youll need to get the vaccine very soon after coming into contact with the virus. […] Theres no treatment once youve been infected. Youll have to wait until your body gets rid of the virus. Most people find that their liver is healed within 6 months. […] Most people get better within 2 months. There are usually no long-term effects. After you recover, youll be immune for the rest of your life. […] Its rare, but for some people, the disease comes and goes for about 6 months before it goes away completely. […] You are very unlikely to develop liver failure, though the chances are higher if you already had a liver condition or youre elderly. If you have liver failure, youll need a transplant.
  • #46 Hepatitis A Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Supportive Care, Liver Transplantation
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484-treatment
    Treatment generally involves supportive care, with specific complications treated as appropriate. Liver transplantation, in selected cases, is an option if the patient has fulminant hepatic failure. […] Patients at risk of developing acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection should undergo immunization for the virus. In addition, immunization of those at greater risk for morbidity from acute HAV infection is important. […] The advent of new antiviral agents, such as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and host-targeting agents (HTAs), has expanded the potential therapeutic options available against HAV. […] For acute cases of HAV infection, therapy is generally supportive, with no specific treatment of acute uncomplicated illness. […] Acetaminophen may be cautiously administered but is strictly limited to a maximum dose of 3-4 g/day in adults. Other treatments are directed by specific complications.
  • #47 Hepatitis A Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Supportive Care, Liver Transplantation
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484-treatment
    Treatment generally involves supportive care, with specific complications treated as appropriate. Liver transplantation, in selected cases, is an option if the patient has fulminant hepatic failure. […] Patients at risk of developing acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection should undergo immunization for the virus. In addition, immunization of those at greater risk for morbidity from acute HAV infection is important. […] The advent of new antiviral agents, such as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and host-targeting agents (HTAs), has expanded the potential therapeutic options available against HAV. […] For acute cases of HAV infection, therapy is generally supportive, with no specific treatment of acute uncomplicated illness. […] Acetaminophen may be cautiously administered but is strictly limited to a maximum dose of 3-4 g/day in adults. Other treatments are directed by specific complications.
  • #48 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1080
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III. […] The upregulation of enzyme heme oxygenase-1 through the administration of hemin, CoPP-9 (organic porphyrin) or andrographolide can suppress HAV replication without cell toxicity.
  • #49 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1080
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III. […] The upregulation of enzyme heme oxygenase-1 through the administration of hemin, CoPP-9 (organic porphyrin) or andrographolide can suppress HAV replication without cell toxicity.
  • #50 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1080
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III. […] The upregulation of enzyme heme oxygenase-1 through the administration of hemin, CoPP-9 (organic porphyrin) or andrographolide can suppress HAV replication without cell toxicity.
  • #51 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10221699/
    Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are relatively common causes of liver disease. […] Treatment mainly consists of supportive measures, while the available evidence for aetiological treatment and additional agents in severe disease is limited in quantity and quality. […] However, several therapeutic approaches have been attempted: for HAV infection, corticosteroid therapy has shown outcome improvement, and molecules, such as AZD 1480, zinc chloride and heme oxygenase-1, have demonstrated a reduction in viral replication in vitro. […] As for HEV infection, therapeutic options mainly rely on the use of ribavirin, and some studies utilising pegylated interferon-alpha have shown conflicting results. […] Although no specific medication is approved for the treatment of HAV infections, some therapeutic agents have been used experimentally in complicated cases.
  • #52 Treatment Options for Hepatitis A and E: A Non-Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1080
    Traditional supportive care involves the use of nutritional support, hydration, the use of antiemetics in the case of vomiting and the use of antipyretics to relieve fever. […] Corticosteroids have been investigated as a complementary therapy of acute HAV hepatitis, based on the rationale that a significant amount of liver tissue injury is immune-mediated. […] One-third of patients with acute liver failure caused by HAV need a liver transplant. […] In vitro studies demonstrated that AZD1480, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), could inhibit HAV genotype III replication in human hepatoma cells. […] Another in vitro investigation showed that zinc chloride suppressed HAV replication up to 62% in human hepatoma cells infected by HAV genotype III. […] The upregulation of enzyme heme oxygenase-1 through the administration of hemin, CoPP-9 (organic porphyrin) or andrographolide can suppress HAV replication without cell toxicity.
  • #53 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    However, Kings College criteria may not apply to high endemicity regions with higher prevalence where dynamic prognostication models have been developed. […] Patients exhibiting worsening hepatic synthetic function require special considerations. […] In rare cases of severe relapse and cholestatic symptoms, patients have been given a short course of corticosteroids based on anecdotal evidence and limited case reports, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. […] Corticosteroids are also used for pure red cell aplasia caused by hepatitis A and have been tried in children with fulminant liver failure from hepatitis A.
  • #54 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    However, Kings College criteria may not apply to high endemicity regions with higher prevalence where dynamic prognostication models have been developed. […] Patients exhibiting worsening hepatic synthetic function require special considerations. […] In rare cases of severe relapse and cholestatic symptoms, patients have been given a short course of corticosteroids based on anecdotal evidence and limited case reports, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. […] Corticosteroids are also used for pure red cell aplasia caused by hepatitis A and have been tried in children with fulminant liver failure from hepatitis A.
  • #55 Best Hepatitis A Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/liver-transplant-and-biliary-sciences/conditions-treatments/hepatitis-a
    Eating a nutritious diet to support overall health, although appetite may be reduced. […] Abstaining from alcohol and avoiding medications that can strain the liver (e.g., acetaminophen) to prevent further liver damage. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended for discomfort, but should be used cautiously and under medical advice. […] Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed if nausea and vomiting are severe. […] Patients may need regular follow-up appointments to monitor liver function and overall health. […] Periodic liver function tests to ensure the liver is recovering properly. […] Practising thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoiding close contact with others, particularly sharing utensils, food, or drinks, to prevent spreading the virus.
  • #56 Best Hepatitis A Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/liver-transplant-and-biliary-sciences/conditions-treatments/hepatitis-a
    Eating a nutritious diet to support overall health, although appetite may be reduced. […] Abstaining from alcohol and avoiding medications that can strain the liver (e.g., acetaminophen) to prevent further liver damage. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended for discomfort, but should be used cautiously and under medical advice. […] Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed if nausea and vomiting are severe. […] Patients may need regular follow-up appointments to monitor liver function and overall health. […] Periodic liver function tests to ensure the liver is recovering properly. […] Practising thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoiding close contact with others, particularly sharing utensils, food, or drinks, to prevent spreading the virus.
  • #57 Hepatitis A – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
    However, Kings College criteria may not apply to high endemicity regions with higher prevalence where dynamic prognostication models have been developed. […] Patients exhibiting worsening hepatic synthetic function require special considerations. […] In rare cases of severe relapse and cholestatic symptoms, patients have been given a short course of corticosteroids based on anecdotal evidence and limited case reports, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. […] Corticosteroids are also used for pure red cell aplasia caused by hepatitis A and have been tried in children with fulminant liver failure from hepatitis A.
  • #58 Viral Hepatitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Acute Hepatitis A, Acute Hepatitis B
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775507-treatment
    Treatment for acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is necessarily supportive in nature, because no antiviral therapy is available. Hospitalization is warranted for patients whose nausea and vomiting places them at risk for dehydration. Patients with acute liver failure require close monitoring to ensure they do not develop fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), which is defined as acute liver failure that is complicated by hepatic encephalopathy. […] As is the case for acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, no well-established antiviral therapy is available for acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Supportive treatment recommendations are the same for acute hepatitis B as for acute hepatitis A. Lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, and other antiviral therapies appear to have a positive impact on the natural history of severe cases of acute HBV infection.
  • #59 Hepatitis A (Hep A): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/digestive-diseases-hepatitis-a
    No medication can get rid of the hepatitis A virus once you have it. Your doctor will treat your symptoms (they may call this supportive care) until it goes away. Theyll also do tests that check how well your liver is working to be sure your body is healing like it should. […] You can take these steps to make yourself more comfortable: […] Avoid alcohol. It’s harder for your liver to handle medications and alcohol when you have the virus. Plus, drinking can lead to more liver damage. Tell your doctor about any medications you take, including over-the-counter drugs, as these might also hurt your liver. […] There’s no cure for hepatitis A. Your doctor will help you manage your symptoms while the virus runs its course. Most people don’t have long-term effects from the disease.
  • #60 Hepatitis A (Hep A) – Treatment | familydoctor.org
    https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-a/
    Hepatitis A treatment […] There is no specific medicine to treat or cure hepatitis A. If you have the virus, your body will eventually get rid of the infection on its own. You probably will feel sick for a few months before you begin to feel better. […] To help your liver heal, you should get plenty of rest, eat a balanced diet and avoid alcohol and acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol). Talk with your doctor before you take any prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, or supplements. Alcohol, acetaminophen, and certain other medicines, vitamins, and supplements can cause more damage to your liver. […] You may need to stay in the hospital for a short time if you get dehydrated, have severe pain, suddenly become confused, or develop bleeding problems.
  • #61 Best Hepatitis A Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/liver-transplant-and-biliary-sciences/conditions-treatments/hepatitis-a
    Eating a nutritious diet to support overall health, although appetite may be reduced. […] Abstaining from alcohol and avoiding medications that can strain the liver (e.g., acetaminophen) to prevent further liver damage. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended for discomfort, but should be used cautiously and under medical advice. […] Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed if nausea and vomiting are severe. […] Patients may need regular follow-up appointments to monitor liver function and overall health. […] Periodic liver function tests to ensure the liver is recovering properly. […] Practising thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoiding close contact with others, particularly sharing utensils, food, or drinks, to prevent spreading the virus.
  • #62 Hepatitis A
    https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is an urgent notifiable condition that must be notified immediately to the department by medical practitioners and pathology services. […] Hepatitis A causes acute viral hepatitis and does not lead to chronic hepatitis. […] Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are available for use in people 1 year of age and over. […] Treatment is generally supportive. […] Educate the patient and their family on the need for strict hygiene practices, including hand hygiene. […] Normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) or, more commonly, monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can be used to prevent secondary cases in close contacts of hepatitis A cases. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis should be given within 2 weeks of exposure.
  • #63
    https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A treatment services: […] Unfortunately, there is no treatment for hepatitis A. However, the liver usually heals itself within a month or two. Until it does, avoid alcohol, sexual activity and cooking for others, and wash hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing a diaper. […] Vaccination is recommended for:
  • #64
    https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A treatment services: […] Unfortunately, there is no treatment for hepatitis A. However, the liver usually heals itself within a month or two. Until it does, avoid alcohol, sexual activity and cooking for others, and wash hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing a diaper. […] Vaccination is recommended for:
  • #65 Hepatitis A
    https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is an urgent notifiable condition that must be notified immediately to the department by medical practitioners and pathology services. […] Hepatitis A causes acute viral hepatitis and does not lead to chronic hepatitis. […] Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are available for use in people 1 year of age and over. […] Treatment is generally supportive. […] Educate the patient and their family on the need for strict hygiene practices, including hand hygiene. […] Normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) or, more commonly, monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can be used to prevent secondary cases in close contacts of hepatitis A cases. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis should be given within 2 weeks of exposure.
  • #66 Hepatitis A – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/hepatitis-a
    Treatment of Hepatitis A is supportive. […] No treatments attenuate acute viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A. Alcohol should be avoided because it can increase liver damage. Restrictions on diet or activity, including commonly prescribed bed rest, have no scientific basis. […] For cholestatic hepatitis, cholestyramine 8 g orally once or twice a day can relieve itching. […] Hepatitis A should be reported to the local or state health department. […] Treat supportively.
  • #67 Hepatitis A: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
    https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is a form of the disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). This is an acute (short-term) type of hepatitis, which usually requires no treatment. […] Theres no formal cure for hepatitis A. Because its a short-term viral infection that goes away on its own, treatment is typically focused on reducing your symptoms. […] After a few weeks of rest, the symptoms of hepatitis A usually begin to improve. To ease your symptoms, you should: avoid alcohol, maintain a balanced diet, drink plenty of water, limit the use of over-the-counter medications per your doctors suggestions. […] With rest, your body will most likely recover completely from hepatitis A in a matter of weeks or a few months. Usually, there are no negative long-term consequences of having the virus.
  • #68 Hepatitis A Treatments, Complications, and Prognosis
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/treatments-for-hepatitis-a
    If you think youve been exposed to hepatitis A, you should see your doctor right away. Getting a vaccine or a drug called hepatitis A immune globulin could keep you from getting sick. But for this to work, youll need to get the vaccine very soon after coming into contact with the virus. […] Theres no treatment once youve been infected. Youll have to wait until your body gets rid of the virus. Most people find that their liver is healed within 6 months. […] Most people get better within 2 months. There are usually no long-term effects. After you recover, youll be immune for the rest of your life. […] Its rare, but for some people, the disease comes and goes for about 6 months before it goes away completely. […] You are very unlikely to develop liver failure, though the chances are higher if you already had a liver condition or youre elderly. If you have liver failure, youll need a transplant.
  • #69 Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-treatment-and-prevention
    Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention […] TREATMENT — HAV infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery is observed within three months in 85 percent of patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. […] Patients with fulminant hepatic failure require aggressive supportive therapy and should be transferred to a center capable of performing liver transplantation. […] SUMMARY — Treatment – Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery are observed within two to three months in most patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. HAV infection confers lifelong immunity.
  • #70 Hepatitis A – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20367055
    No specific treatment exists for hepatitis A. Your body will clear the hepatitis A virus on its own. In most cases of hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no lasting damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment usually focuses on keeping comfortable and controlling symptoms. You may need to: Rest. Many people with hepatitis A feel tired and sick and have less energy. Get adequate food and liquid. Eat a balanced healthy diet. Nausea can make it difficult to eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs. […] Avoid alcohol and use medications with care. Your liver may have difficulty processing medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don’t drink alcohol. It can cause liver damage. Talk to your health care provider about all the medications you take, including medications available without a prescription.
  • #71 Hepatitis A
    https://www.upmc.com/services/liver-cancer/conditions/hepatitis-a
    There are no specific treatments for hepatitis A. […] The goals of hepatitis A treatment are to: […] Keep you as comfortable as possible […] Prevent the infection from being passed to others […] Prevent more liver damage by helping you avoid substances (medications, alcohol) that might stress the liver while it’s healing […] The disease generally will go away, without treatment, within two to five weeks. However, about 15 percent of people who are infected by hepatitis A will have relapsing symptoms for up to nine months. […] In almost all cases, once you recover, there are no aftereffects and you are immune to the virus. […] In rare cases, hepatitis A infection will be so severe that a liver transplant may be necessary.
  • #72 Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-treatment-and-prevention
    Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention […] TREATMENT — HAV infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery is observed within three months in 85 percent of patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. […] Patients with fulminant hepatic failure require aggressive supportive therapy and should be transferred to a center capable of performing liver transplantation. […] SUMMARY — Treatment – Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery are observed within two to three months in most patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. HAV infection confers lifelong immunity.
  • #73 Hepatitis A Treatments | Northwestern Medicine
    https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/hepatitis-a/treatments
    Hepatitis A treatment usually only requires getting lots of rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding alcohol and certain medications. Follow up with your physician to ensure that you are fully recovered. […] Once you have had hepatitis A, your body builds up antibodies and you cannot get it again. […] If you have hepatitis A after age 10, you will not be allowed to donate blood.
  • #74 Hepatitis A – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options – Mercy Medical, Baltimore MD
    https://mdmercy.com/mercy-services/conditions/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A does not have specific treatment options. […] In most cases, hepatitis A goes away on its own and does not cause permanent liver damage. […] Most people are free from hepatitis A symptoms within a few months.
  • #75 Hepatitis A Treatments | Northwestern Medicine
    https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/hepatitis-a/treatments
    Hepatitis A treatment usually only requires getting lots of rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding alcohol and certain medications. Follow up with your physician to ensure that you are fully recovered. […] Once you have had hepatitis A, your body builds up antibodies and you cannot get it again. […] If you have hepatitis A after age 10, you will not be allowed to donate blood.
  • #76 Hepatitis A – British Liver Trust
    https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/hepatitis-a/
    Most people will make a full recovery from hepatitis A without any specific medical treatment. […] People with a long-term liver condition are more at risk from hepatitis A.
  • #77 Hepatitis A Treatments, Complications, and Prognosis
    https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/treatments-for-hepatitis-a
    If you think youve been exposed to hepatitis A, you should see your doctor right away. Getting a vaccine or a drug called hepatitis A immune globulin could keep you from getting sick. But for this to work, youll need to get the vaccine very soon after coming into contact with the virus. […] Theres no treatment once youve been infected. Youll have to wait until your body gets rid of the virus. Most people find that their liver is healed within 6 months. […] Most people get better within 2 months. There are usually no long-term effects. After you recover, youll be immune for the rest of your life. […] Its rare, but for some people, the disease comes and goes for about 6 months before it goes away completely. […] You are very unlikely to develop liver failure, though the chances are higher if you already had a liver condition or youre elderly. If you have liver failure, youll need a transplant.
  • #78 Hepatitis A: Symptoms & Treatments
    https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-a/
    Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV causes the liver to swell and prevents it from working well. […] HAV usually goes away on its own within six months. Doctors often recommend bed rest, drinking lots of fluids, eating a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol. Medicines are not used to treat HAV. Talk to your doctor before taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs, vitamins or herbal supplements. […] Itchy skin caused by HAV can be treated with non-prescription anti-itch medicine. […] It is important to see your doctor regularly to make sure your body has fully recovered from the virus. Also, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated for hepatitis B.
  • #79 Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-treatment-and-prevention
    Hepatitis A virus infection: Treatment and prevention […] TREATMENT — HAV infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery is observed within three months in 85 percent of patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. […] Patients with fulminant hepatic failure require aggressive supportive therapy and should be transferred to a center capable of performing liver transplantation. […] SUMMARY — Treatment – Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is usually self-limited, and treatment consists of supportive care. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolized by the liver should be used with caution. Full clinical and biochemical recovery are observed within two to three months in most patients, and complete recovery is observed by six months in nearly all patients. HAV infection confers lifelong immunity.
  • #80 Hepatitis A Fact Sheet
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/hepatitis/hepatitis_a/fact_sheet.htm
    Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver disease that results from infection with the hepatitis A virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months. Sometimes hepatitis A can cause liver failure and death, although this is rare and occurs more commonly in people older than 50 and people who have other liver diseases. […] A doctor can determine if a person has hepatitis A by discussing the individual’s symptoms and taking a blood sample. To treat hepatitis A, doctors usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition, fluids, and medical monitoring. Some people will need to be hospitalized. It can take a few months before people begin to feel better. Hepatitis A is caused by a virus. Antibiotics are not prescribed to treat viral infections.
  • #81 Treatment for Hepatitis A, B, C, D | Autoimmune Hepatitis – UChicago Medicine
    https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/liver-diseases-hepatology/hepatitis
    The University of Chicago Medicine offers state of the art diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis. […] Your doctor will create a care plan with you based on your health, type of hepatitis, severity of symptoms, and how well you handle certain treatments. Your doctor may recommend: […] Depending on the type of hepatitis you have, you may be able to be cured. Or, you may need to learn how to manage your hepatitis as a lifelong condition. If you have advanced liver disease, your doctor may recommend a liver transplant.
  • #82 Hepatitis A Prevention and Control | Hepatitis A | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/prevention/index.html
    For most people with HAV infection, doctors usually recommend rest, proper nutrition, and fluids.
  • #83 Hepatitis A
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hepatitis-a/
    Hepatitis A usually clears up on its own within 3 to 6 months. […] Your doctor may offer you medicines to help with the symptoms, such as painkillers or medicines to stop you feeling sick or itchy. […] A small number of people with hepatitis A may get liver problems. You may need blood tests to check your liver is working properly.
  • #84 Hepatitis A | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hepatitis
    There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. Your childs body will clear up the infection on its own. In most cases, your childs liver will heal completely within a month or two, with no long-term damage. […] Hepatitis A treatment generally focuses on dealing with side-effects of the infection, including: […] Discuss medications and supplements with your childs doctor. Your childs liver will have difficulty processing medications, over-the-counter drugs and supplements as her body is fighting the hepatitis A infection. Your childs doctor may recommend changing or stopping some medications until the injection is over.
  • #85 Hepatitis A – Arkansas Department of Health
    https://healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/prevention-healthy-living/hepatitis-a/
    Talk with your healthcare provider. There are no specific treatments once a person gets hepatitis A, but doctors usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition and fluids to treat symptoms. Some people will need additional medical care at a hospital. […] The disease can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), although rare, hepatitis A can cause liver failure and death in some people. This is more common in people who are at least 50 years old and in people with other liver diseases.
  • #86 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. […] Treatment for hepatitis A […] – There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A […] – Rest, good fluid intake and a change in diet may decrease symptoms […] – Severely ill patients require admission to hospital […] – Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the stress on the liver and should be discussed with your doctor. […] […] […] Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of contact with an infectious person in a contact of a person who has hepatitis A if it is given no later than 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the person with hepatitis A infection. The vaccine is offered to household contacts and/or sexual contacts of the person with hepatitis A who are not already immune to hepatitis A. A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of getting the infection from that person.
  • #87 Hepatitis A
    https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/hepatitis-a
    Hepatitis A is an urgent notifiable condition that must be notified immediately to the department by medical practitioners and pathology services. […] Hepatitis A causes acute viral hepatitis and does not lead to chronic hepatitis. […] Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are available for use in people 1 year of age and over. […] Treatment is generally supportive. […] Educate the patient and their family on the need for strict hygiene practices, including hand hygiene. […] Normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) or, more commonly, monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can be used to prevent secondary cases in close contacts of hepatitis A cases. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis should be given within 2 weeks of exposure.
  • #88 Hepatitis A – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/hepatitis-a
    Treatment of Hepatitis A is supportive. […] No treatments attenuate acute viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A. Alcohol should be avoided because it can increase liver damage. Restrictions on diet or activity, including commonly prescribed bed rest, have no scientific basis. […] For cholestatic hepatitis, cholestyramine 8 g orally once or twice a day can relieve itching. […] Hepatitis A should be reported to the local or state health department. […] Treat supportively.
  • #89 Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+a+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Hepatitis A – including symptoms, treatment and prevention […] Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. […] Treatment for hepatitis A […] – There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A […] – Rest, good fluid intake and a change in diet may decrease symptoms […] – Severely ill patients require admission to hospital […] – Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the stress on the liver and should be discussed with your doctor. […] […] […] Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of contact with an infectious person in a contact of a person who has hepatitis A if it is given no later than 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the person with hepatitis A infection. The vaccine is offered to household contacts and/or sexual contacts of the person with hepatitis A who are not already immune to hepatitis A. A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of getting the infection from that person.
  • #90 Viral Hepatitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Acute Hepatitis A, Acute Hepatitis B
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775507-treatment
    Treatment for acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is necessarily supportive in nature, because no antiviral therapy is available. Hospitalization is warranted for patients whose nausea and vomiting places them at risk for dehydration. Patients with acute liver failure require close monitoring to ensure they do not develop fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), which is defined as acute liver failure that is complicated by hepatic encephalopathy. […] As is the case for acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, no well-established antiviral therapy is available for acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Supportive treatment recommendations are the same for acute hepatitis B as for acute hepatitis A. Lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, and other antiviral therapies appear to have a positive impact on the natural history of severe cases of acute HBV infection.
  • #91 Hepatitis A Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Supportive Care, Liver Transplantation
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484-treatment
    Patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) are considered for liver transplantation. […] Passive immunization with Gammagard reduces infection when administered within 14 days of exposure (ie, postexposure prophylaxis). […] Vaccination is highly effective at preventing HAV disease. The efficacy of the hepatitis A vaccine ranges from 80% to 100% after 1-2 doses compared to placebo. […] People with chronic liver disease of any cause should consider hepatitis A vaccination. […] Hepatitis A vaccination in some low-risk groups who are potential sources of larger outbreaks of infection (eg, food handlers) has been implemented by some employers, although cost-benefit analysis for the employer does not seem to support such measures. […] Control at the source, with treatment of contacts to prevent further cases of disease is the primary goal. Long-term secondary goals include immunization, which increases herd immunity and reduces the likelihood of further outbreaks in high-risk communities.

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nawodnienie dożylne skala MELD wirus HAV aplazja czerwonokrwinkowa lek przeciwwirusowy lek przeciwświądowy lek przeciwgorączkowy okres zakaźności leczenie przeciwwirusowe substancja hepatotoksyczna przewlekłe uszkodzenie wątroby postępowanie terapeutyczne profilaktyka poekspozycyjna lek przeciwwymiotny badanie serologiczne przeszczepienie wątroby szczepienie poekspozycyjne badanie funkcji wątroby leczenie wspomagające leczenie objawowe piorunująca niewydolność wątroby wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A terapia kortykosteroidowa immunoglobulina kryteria Kings College parametry krzepnięcia encefalopatia wątrobowa