Wirus zika
Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Wirus Zika jest przenoszony głównie przez ukąszenia zakażonych komarów Aedes aegypti i Aedes albopictus, a także drogą płciową i z matki na płód. Brak jest obecnie szczepionki i specyficznego leczenia, dlatego profilaktyka opiera się na zapobieganiu ukąszeniom komarów poprzez stosowanie repelentów zarejestrowanych przez EPA (np. DEET, pikarydyna, IR3535), noszenie odzieży zabezpieczonej permetryną oraz używanie moskitier i klimatyzacji. Kobiety w ciąży i karmiące mogą bezpiecznie stosować repelenty zawierające DEET. Kontrola populacji komarów obejmuje eliminację miejsc rozmnażania się owadów, takich jak stojąca woda w pojemnikach, oraz stosowanie insektycydów zawierających Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI). Po powrocie z obszarów endemicznych zaleca się unikanie ukąszeń komarów przez co najmniej 3 tygodnie, aby zapobiec dalszej transmisji.

Profilaktyka wirusa Zika

Wirus zika jest chorobą zakaźną przenoszoną głównie przez ukąszenia zakażonych komarów z rodzaju Aedes, szczególnie Aedes aegypti i Aedes albopictus. Może również być przenoszony drogą płciową oraz z matki na płód podczas ciąży. Obecnie nie istnieje szczepionka ani specyficzne leczenie przeciwko wirusowi zika, dlatego profilaktyka jest kluczowym elementem w zapobieganiu zakażeniom.123

Ochrona przed ukąszeniami komarów

Podstawowym sposobem zapobiegania zakażeniu wirusem zika jest unikanie ukąszeń komarów. Jest to szczególnie ważne podczas podróży do obszarów, gdzie występuje aktywna transmisja wirusa. Komary przenoszące wirusa zika są aktywne zarówno w ciągu dnia, jak i w nocy, ze szczególnym nasileniem aktywności o świcie i o zmierzchu.45

Do najważniejszych metod ochrony przed ukąszeniami komarów należą:

  • Stosowanie środków odstraszających owady (repelentów) zarejestrowanych przez Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), zawierających substancje czynne takie jak: DEET, pikarydyna, IR3535, olej z eukaliptusa cytrynowego (OLE), para-mentano-diol (PMD) lub 2-undekanon.46
  • Prawidłowe stosowanie repelentów zgodnie z instrukcją na etykiecie produktu. Repelenty należy nakładać na odsłoniętą skórę oraz odzież.4
  • Ponowne nakładanie repelentów według wskazówek.7
  • W przypadku stosowania filtrów przeciwsłonecznych, należy najpierw nałożyć filtr, a następnie repelent.7

Kobiety w ciąży i karmiące piersią mogą bezpiecznie stosować zarejestrowane przez EPA środki odstraszające owady, w tym DEET. Skuteczność naturalnych repelentów (niezarejestrowanych przez EPA) przeciwko chorobom takim jak wirus zika nie jest znana.78

Odpowiedni ubiór i zabezpieczenie otoczenia

Oprócz stosowania repelentów, ważne jest również odpowiednie ubranie i zabezpieczenie pomieszczeń:

  • Noszenie długich spodni i koszul z długimi rękawami (najlepiej w jasnych kolorach), które zakrywają jak najwięcej ciała.59
  • Stosowanie odzieży zabezpieczonej permetryną lub zakup ubrań już zabezpieczonych tym środkiem.101
  • Przebywanie i spanie w pomieszczeniach z klimatyzacją lub wyposażonych w moskitiery w oknach i drzwiach.79
  • Stosowanie moskitier podczas snu, szczególnie jeśli pomieszczenia nie są wyposażone w klimatyzację lub moskitiery w oknach.5
  • Używanie moskitier nad łóżeczkami, wózkami i nosidełkami dla dzieci.11

Dzieci i kobiety w ciąży powinny spać pod moskitierami, jeśli śpią w ciągu dnia lub wczesnym wieczorem.5

Eliminacja miejsc rozmnażania się komarów

Kontrola populacji komarów w otoczeniu jest istotnym elementem zapobiegania zakażeniom wirusem zika. Należy eliminować miejsca, gdzie komary mogą składać jaja:1213

  • Opróżnianie i szorowanie, odwracanie, zakrywanie lub wyrzucanie przedmiotów, które mogą gromadzić wodę, jak opony, wiadra, doniczki, zabawki, baseny, poidełka dla ptaków czy podstawki pod doniczki – przynajmniej raz w tygodniu.13
  • Szczelne zakrywanie pojemników na wodę (wiadra, cysterny, beczki na deszczówkę), aby komary nie mogły dostać się do środka i składać jaj.13
  • Usuwanie stojącej wody wokół domu, ponieważ nawet niewielka ilość wody (np. nakrętka od butelki) może stanowić miejsce rozmnażania się komarów.14
  • Dbanie o czystość rynien i stosowanie insektycydów zawierających BTI (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) w miejscach, gdzie gromadzi się woda.8

Inicjatywy społeczne mają istotne znaczenie dla wspierania lokalnych władz i programów zdrowia publicznego w celu ograniczenia miejsc rozmnażania się komarów. Władze zdrowotne mogą również zalecać stosowanie larvicydów i insektycydów w celu redukcji populacji komarów i rozprzestrzeniania się choroby.12

Zapobieganie transmisji drogą płciową

Wirus zika może być przekazywany przez osobę zakażoną jej partnerom seksualnym. Kobiety i mężczyźni mogą przenosić wirusa zika poprzez kontakty seksualne, nawet jeśli nie mają objawów zakażenia.1516

Zalecenia dla osób podróżujących do obszarów z transmisją wirusa zika

Osoby powracające z podróży do obszarów z aktywną transmisją wirusa zika powinny podjąć następujące środki ostrożności, aby zapobiec przenoszeniu wirusa drogą płciową:1718

  • Mężczyźni powinni używać prezerwatyw lub powstrzymać się od seksu przez co najmniej 3 miesiące po powrocie z obszaru zagrożonego wirusem zika lub od momentu wystąpienia objawów (jeśli takie wystąpiły).1719
  • Kobiety powinny używać prezerwatyw lub powstrzymać się od seksu przez co najmniej 2 miesiące po powrocie z obszaru zagrożonego wirusem zika lub od momentu wystąpienia objawów.1719
  • Prezerwatywy mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko zarażenia się wirusem zika podczas stosunku płciowego. Pojęcie prezerwatyw obejmuje zarówno prezerwatywy męskie, jak i żeńskie.17
  • Aby były skuteczne, prezerwatywy należy stosować podczas stosunków pochwowych, analnych i oralnych, a także przy dzieleniu się zabawkami erotycznymi.1720

Powstrzymanie się od seksu całkowicie eliminuje ryzyko zarażenia się wirusem zika drogą płciową.17

Zalecenia dla kobiet w ciąży i planujących ciążę

Kobiety w ciąży i ich partnerzy powinni stosować szczególne środki ostrożności, ponieważ wirus zika może powodować poważne wady wrodzone u rozwijającego się płodu, w tym mikrocefalię.2116

  • Kobiety w ciąży powinny unikać podróży do obszarów z aktywną transmisją wirusa zika.1022
  • Jeśli kobieta w ciąży musi podróżować do takiego obszaru, powinna skonsultować się z lekarzem przed wyjazdem i ściśle przestrzegać kroków mających na celu uniknięcie ukąszeń komarów.2223
  • Partnerzy seksualni kobiet w ciąży, którzy mieszkają lub podróżowali do obszaru z ryzykiem wirusa zika, powinni używać prezerwatyw lub powstrzymać się od seksu przez cały okres ciąży.1824
  • Pary planujące ciążę, w których jeden z partnerów podróżował do obszaru z ryzykiem wirusa zika, powinny odczekać określony czas przed próbą poczęcia:2526
    • Mężczyźni powinni odczekać co najmniej 3 miesiące po powrocie lub od momentu wystąpienia objawów.2526
    • Kobiety powinny odczekać co najmniej 2 miesiące po powrocie lub od momentu wystąpienia objawów.2526

Te zalecenia mają na celu zmniejszenie ryzyka przeniesienia zakażenia na płód, ponieważ wirus zika może pozostawać aktywny dłużej w nasieniu i płynach pochwowych niż w innych płynach ustrojowych, takich jak krew.2515

Dodatkowe zalecenia dla podróżujących

Osoby planujące podróż do obszarów, gdzie występuje ryzyko transmisji wirusa zika, powinny podjąć dodatkowe środki ostrożności:2728

  • Przed podróżą sprawdzić aktualne informacje o występowaniu wirusa zika w kraju docelowym.29
  • Skonsultować się z lekarzem lub kliniką medycyny podróży co najmniej 6-8 tygodni przed podróżą, aby uzyskać spersonalizowane porady zdrowotne.2830
  • Po powrocie z obszaru zagrożonego wirusem zika unikać ukąszeń komarów przez co najmniej 3 tygodnie, aby nie rozprzestrzeniać wirusa na komary, które mogłyby przenieść go na inne osoby.1531
  • Poinformować lekarza o podróży do obszaru z ryzykiem wirusa zika w przypadku wystąpienia objawów w ciągu 2 tygodni po powrocie.8
  • Powstrzymać się od oddawania krwi przez co najmniej 28 dni po powrocie z obszaru zagrożonego wirusem zika.3233

Komary przenoszące wirusa zika zwykle nie występują na wysokościach powyżej 2000 metrów. Osoby przebywające w tych obszarach są narażone na bardzo niskie ryzyko zakażenia wirusem zika przez komary, chyba że odwiedzają lub podróżują przez obszary położone na niższych wysokościach.1130

Podejście systemowe do profilaktyki wirusa zika

Poza działaniami indywidualnymi, zapobieganie zakażeniom wirusem zika wymaga również podejścia systemowego:3435

  • Opracowywanie lokalnych programów kontroli populacji komarów poprzez wzmocnienie nadzoru laboratoryjnego, epidemiologicznego i zdolności monitorowania.36
  • Wdrażanie ukierunkowanych strategii profilaktyki i edukacji dla kluczowych populacji, w tym kobiet w ciąży, ich partnerów i pracowników służby zdrowia.36
  • Organizowanie skutecznych kampanii informacyjnych, aby umożliwić społecznościom podejmowanie działań mających na celu ochronę przed wirusem zika i innymi chorobami przenoszonymi przez komary.36
  • Doskonalenie diagnostyki wirusa zika, w tym zaawansowanych metod udoskonalania testów.36
  • Tworzenie sieci dostępu do antykoncepcji jako strategii zmniejszania liczby powikłań ciąży związanych z wirusem zika.37

W przypadku transfuzji krwi, inaktywacja wirusa przez pasteryzację, detergenty, środki chemiczne i filtrację może skutecznie zmniejszyć jego obecność w produktach leczniczych pochodzących z osocza.38

Nowe kierunki w profilaktyce wirusa zika

Trwają prace nad nowymi metodami zapobiegania zakażeniom wirusem zika:3940

  • Opracowywanie szczepionek przeciwko wirusowi zika – wiele badań przedklinicznych i klinicznych jest prowadzonych na całym świecie.4142
  • Stosowanie regulatorów wzrostu owadów (IGR), które stanowią obiecującą alternatywę o wysokiej skuteczności insektycydowej i są bezpieczniejsze dla środowiska w porównaniu z konwencjonalnymi larvicydami chemicznymi.42
  • Nowatorskie metody kontroli wektorów, takie jak genetycznie zmodyfikowane samce komarów, których potomstwo nigdy nie rozwija się do stadium dorosłego.40
  • Szczepionki blokujące transmisję (TBV), zapobiegające rozprzestrzenianiu się choroby z zakażonych i zaszczepionych osób na osoby niezakażone, wykazują duże nadzieje.42

Badania nad wirusem zika są nadal w toku, a naukowcy pracują nad lepszym zrozumieniem wirusa, jego sposobów rozprzestrzeniania się oraz opracowaniem skutecznych metod zapobiegania i leczenia.43

Główne zalecenia dotyczące profilaktyki

Podsumowując, kluczowe zalecenia dotyczące zapobiegania zakażeniom wirusem zika obejmują:1516

  • Ochrona przed ukąszeniami komarów przy użyciu repelentów zarejestrowanych przez EPA, noszenie odpowiedniej odzieży i przebywanie w odpowiednio zabezpieczonych pomieszczeniach.5
  • Eliminacja miejsc rozmnażania się komarów wokół domu poprzez usuwanie stojącej wody.13
  • Stosowanie prezerwatyw lub powstrzymanie się od seksu po podróży do obszarów z ryzykiem wirusa zika lub w przypadku diagnozy wirusa zika.17
  • Kobiety w ciąży powinny unikać podróży do obszarów z aktywną transmisją wirusa zika.10
  • Pary planujące ciążę powinny odczekać odpowiedni czas po podróży do obszaru z ryzykiem wirusa zika przed próbą poczęcia.25
  • Osoby powracające z obszarów z ryzykiem wirusa zika powinny unikać ukąszeń komarów przez co najmniej 3 tygodnie po powrocie.15

Przestrzeganie tych zaleceń może znacząco zmniejszyć ryzyko zakażenia wirusem zika i jego potencjalnych powikłań, szczególnie u kobiet w ciąży i ich nienarodzonych dzieci.2021

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Zika Virus | Nationwide Children’s Hospital
    https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/zika-virus
    There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine that can cure Zika. […] Here is the best way to avoid mosquito bites and keep from becoming infected with the Zika virus: […] Use an EPA-registered insect repellent (bug spray): […] Get rid of standing water and water resources. Mosquitoes multiply by laying eggs in and around standing water. […] If sleeping outside (camping, etc.) sleep under a mosquito bed net. […] Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. […] Use condoms or abstain from sex to avoid sexual transmission. […] Pregnant women: Avoid travel to anywhere that Zika virus is spreading […] If you must travel to these areas, talk to your doctor first and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites. […] To help prevent others from getting sick, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during the first week of illness.
  • #2 Prevention | Zika in Texas
    https://texaszika.org/prevention.htm
    Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for Zika. Your best protection is to avoid infection. Prevent mosquito breeding, protect yourself from mosquito bites, and practice safe sex. Be especially cautious if you are pregnant, traveling, or spend time outdoors. […] The most reliable way to avoid sexual transmission of Zika virus is to abstain from sex. You can reduce your risk of getting Zika through sex (including vaginal, anal, and oral sex) by using barrier contraceptive methods, such as condoms, consistently and correctly. Be especially cautious when you or your partner travels to or lives in an area where Zika is found. […] Pregnant women living in Texas particularly along the Texas-Mexico border should be especially cautious to protect against mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.
  • #3 Treatment and Prevention of Zika Virus Disease | Zika Virus | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
    There are no vaccines to prevent or medicines to treat Zika virus infection. […] Advise your patients to prevent mosquito bites during travel. […] No vaccine or preventive drug is available for Zika virus. All travelers to areas with possible Zika virus transmission should take steps to avoid mosquito bites during the day and night to prevent Zika virus and other vector-borne infections. […] Patients with possible exposure to Zika virus should be advised to reduce the risk of sexual transmission through abstinence or using condoms.
  • #4 Zika Prevention: Personal Protection Measures | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/zika/measures.php
    Everyone can help prevent Zika transmission from occurring in Missouri by implementing two simple steps: control mosquitoes inside and outside your home and use personal protective measures to prevent mosquito bites and prevent sexual transmission. […] Zika is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. […] Because biting mosquitoes are the primary means of transmission it is very important to prevent mosquito bites. […] Wear insect repellent on exposed skin and your clothing. […] Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registered insect repellents with one of the following active ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol, 2-undecanone. […] EPA registration means that the product is effective in repelling mosquitoes. […] Always follow the product label instructions.
  • #5 Infographics
    https://www.who.int/health-topics/zika-virus-disease
    Protection against mosquito bites during the day and early evening is a key measure to prevent Zika virus infection. Special attention should be given to prevention of mosquito bites among pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and young children. […] Personal protection measures include wearing clothing (preferably light-coloured) that covers as much of the body as possible; using physical barriers such as window screens and closed doors and windows; and applying insect repellent to skin or clothing that contains DEET, IR3535 or icaridin according to the product label instructions. […] Young children and pregnant women should sleep under mosquito nets if sleeping during the day or early evening. Travellers and those living in affected areas should take the same basic precautions described above to protect themselves from mosquito bites.
  • #6 Zika Virus Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Complications
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-treatment
    The best method for preventing Zika virus infection is to avoid travel to areas with active Zika virus transmission. Travelers should refer to the CDC site before arranging travel plans for up-to-date information on ZIKV transmission internationally and in US states and territories. […] Residents who live in endemic areas or travelers to endemic areas are advised to avoid mosquito bites. Different strategies to prevent mosquito bites include wearing full-sleeved shirts and long pants, sleeping under a mosquito bed net, using screens on windows and doors, treating clothing and gear with permethrin, or using permethrin-treated clothing and gear. […] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)registered mosquito-repelling agents such as DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), 2-undecanone, and para-menthane-diol (PMD) products can be used by all age groups including pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, except for OLE and PMD products, which are contraindicated in those younger than 3 years, for prevention of mosquito bites.
  • #7 Zika Prevention: Personal Protection Measures | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/zika/measures.php
    Reapply insect repellent as directed. […] Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing. […] When using sunscreen, apply the sunscreen before applying insect repellent. […] The effectiveness of natural insect repellents (non-EPA registered) is unknown against diseases like Zika. […] Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. […] Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. […] A person with Zika virus can pass it to his or her sex partners. […] Those living in or traveling to areas where Zika is circulating should take extra precautions to prevent the sexual transmission of Zika. […] If traveling to or living in areas where Zika is being actively transmitted, use condoms from start to finish every time you have sex.
  • #8 Zika Virus
    https://health.westchestergov.com/zika-virus-facts
    Is it safe to use an insect repellent if I am pregnant or nursing? Yes. Using an insect repellent is safe and effective. Pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding can and should choose an EPA-registered insect repellent and use it according to the product label. […] Pregnant women in any trimester should avoid travel to the areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who do travel to one of these areas should talk to their doctor or other healthcare provider first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip and to prevent sexual transmission of Zika virus. […] Men and women who want to reduce the risk for sexual transmission of Zika virus should use barrier methods against infection consistently and correctly during sex or abstain from sex when one partner has traveled to or lives in an area with active Zika virus transmission.
  • #8 Zika Virus
    https://health.westchestergov.com/zika-virus-facts
    What should I do if I have Zika? Treat the symptoms: […] To help prevent others from getting sick, avoid mosquito bites during the first week of illness. During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in a person’s blood. The virus can be passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites. An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people. […] How can I protect myself and my family from Zika? Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites. For mosquito bite prevention tips, you can download our Westchester Cares Bug Off brochure. When traveling to countries where Zika virus (see map) or other viruses spread by mosquitoes are found, take the following steps: Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Use EPA-registered insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), or IR3535. Always use as directed and wash treated skin with soap and water after returning indoors. Apply sunscreen first, then repellant. Pregnant and breastfeeding women can use all EPA-registered insect repellents, including DEET, according to the product label. Most repellents, including DEET, can be used on children aged >2 months. Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). You can buy pre-treated clothing and gear or treat them yourself. Stay and sleep in screened-in or air-conditioned rooms. Use a mosquito bed-net if you cannot keep mosquitoes out of your residence. Cover cribs, strollers and baby carriers with mosquito netting too. Remove common backyard mosquito sources such as old tires, buckets, wheelbarrows, toys and other items from your property that can collect water. Cover outdoor trash containers to keep rainwater from accumulating inside. Keep your gutters clear. Keep your property clear of objects or debris that can hold even tiny amounts of water. Drill holes in the bottoms of recycling containers that are left outdoors. Drain water in birdbaths, plant pots and drip trays twice a week. Clean and chlorinate swimming pools, outdoor saunas and hot tubs. Keep them empty and covered if not in use; drain water that collects on their covers.
  • #9 Zika virus | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/zika-virus
    Zika virus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. […] Zika virus can be passed from a person who has Zika virus to their sexual partners. Using condoms can reduce the chance of getting Zika virus from sexual activity. […] If you are travelling to a country with active Zika virus transmission, the best defence against Zika virus is to avoid mosquito bites. […] The best form of prevention is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes, and using condoms or not having sex if you are in a country currently affected by Zika virus. […] All travellers planning to visit areas that are currently or potentially affected by Zika virus should take the following measures to prevent mosquito bites: Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts, long pants and enclosed shoes. Mosquitoes can bite through tight clothes. Use insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin. Always use as directed. Insect repellents containing DEET and picaridin are safe for pregnant and breastfeeding people and children older than 2 months when used according to the product label. Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Stay and sleep in screened-in or air-conditioned rooms. Sleep under a mosquito bed net if accommodation is not screened-in or air-conditioned rooms are not available. Remove stagnant water around the home (such as containers, pots or buckets) as they can become mosquito breeding sites.
  • #10 Zika Virus: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16077-zika-virus
    Ways to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a Zika infection include: […] Protect yourself from mosquitoes. If youre traveling to an area with a risk of Zika or a current Zika outbreak, cover exposed skin with clothing and wear EPA-registered insect repellant. Sleep indoors in a room with screens in the windows or under a mosquito bed net. Avoid getting mosquito bites for at least three weeks after you return from travel. […] Use condoms or abstain from sex. If youve traveled to an area with a risk of Zika or a current outbreak, use a condom or avoid (abstain from) oral, anal and vaginal sex for three months after returning, even if you dont have symptoms. […] Avoid traveling to areas with Zika if youre pregnant. If you travel to an area with a risk of Zika, let your pregnancy care provider know and keep an eye out for symptoms of Zika.
  • #11 Zika Virus Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Zika Virus Testing, Preconception and Pregnancy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-guidelines
    Travel Advisories Updates on areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission are available online. Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus usually do not live at elevations above 6,500 feet (2,000 meters). People who live in or visit areas above this elevation are at a very low risk of acquiring Zika virus from a mosquito unless they visit or travel through areas of lower elevation. […] Prevention of Mosquito Bites The CDC recommends that all residents of and visitors to areas where Zika virus is spreading take the following steps to prevent mosquito bites: Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Use insect repellents that are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and contain DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol, or IR3535. Always use as directed. Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (boots, pants, socks, tents). Stay and sleep in screened-in or air-conditioned rooms. Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors. Mosquito netting can be used to cover babies younger than 2 months in carriers, strollers, or cribs to protect them from mosquito bites.
  • #12 Infographics
    https://www.who.int/health-topics/zika-virus-disease
    It is important to eliminate these mosquito breeding sites, including: covering water storage containers, removing standing water in flower pots, and cleaning up trash and used tires. Community initiatives are essential to support local government and public health programs to reduce mosquito breeding sites. Health authorities may also advise use of larvicides and insecticides to reduce mosquito populations and disease spread.
  • #13 Zika Prevention: Controlling Mosquitoes | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/zika/controlling-mosquitoes.php
    Everyone can help prevent Zika transmission from occurring in Missouri by implementing two simple steps: control mosquitoes inside and outside your home and use personal protective measures to prevent mosquito bites and prevent sexual transmission. […] One of the most effective ways of preventing the spread of Zika virus is controlling the mosquito population by eliminating standing water in and around the home. […] Tip n Toss – once a week empty and scrub, turnover, cover, or throw out any items that hold water like tires, buckets, planters, toys, pools, birdbaths, flowerpot saucers, or trash containers. Mosquitoes lay eggs near water. […] Tightly cover water storage containers (buckets, cisterns, rain barrels) so that mosquitoes cannot get inside to lay eggs.
  • #14
    https://www.utmb.edu/impact/home/2017/06/20/top-tips-to-protect-yourself-from-the-zika-virus
    Use insect repellants. When used as directed, insect repellants are safe and effective for everyone, including pregnant and nursing women. Repellants containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535 and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products provide long-lasting protection. […] Cover yourself. When weather permits, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Treat clothing with permethrin or purchase permethrin-impregnated clothing. […] Protect yourself during all times of the day. Keep in mind the type of mosquito that transmits Zika—the Aedes aegypti mosquito—bites during the daytime as well as the early morning and evening. […] Talk to your doctor. Women who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant should talk to their obstetrician and become familiar with the latest guidance from the CDC. Zika infection during pregnancy can cause birth defects including microcephaly and other severe brain defects.
  • #15 Preventing Zika | Zika Virus | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html
    You can prevent Zika virus disease (Zika) by protecting yourself from mosquito bites and using condoms or not having sex. […] The timeframes that males and females can pass Zika virus through sex are different because the virus can stay in semen longer than in other body fluids. […] Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. […] Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants. […] Control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors, such as using window screens. […] Even if someone does not feel sick, people returning to the United States from an area with a risk of Zika should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks so they do not spread Zika virus to mosquitoes that could spread it to other people. […] Zika virus can be passed through sex from a person with Zika to their partner(s).
  • #16 Zika Virus Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/arboviruses-arenaviruses-filoviruses/zika-virus-infection
    The best ways to prevent Zika virus infection are to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes and to avoid unprotected sex with a partner who has or may have the infection. […] If possible, pregnant women should NOT travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus outbreaks. […] Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection, although research to develop a vaccine is progressing. […] Prevention of Zika virus infection depends on control of mosquitoes in areas where Zika virus infection is common and on prevention of mosquito bites when traveling to such areas. […] To prevent mosquito bites, people should take the following precautions: Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Stay in places that have air conditioning or that use window and door screens to keep mosquitoes out. Sleep under a mosquito bed net in places that are not adequately screened or air-conditioned. Use Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellents with ingredients such as DEET (diethyltoluamide) or other approved active ingredients on exposed skin surfaces. Treat clothing and gear with permethrin insecticide (do not apply it directly to the skin).
  • #17 Preventing Zika | Zika Virus | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html
    Males should use condoms or not have sex for at least 3 months. […] Females should use condoms or not have sex for at least 2 months. […] Condoms can reduce a person’s chance of getting Zika from sex. Condoms include male and female condoms. To be effective, use condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex as well as the sharing of sex toys. […] Not having sex eliminates the risk of getting Zika from sex.
  • #18 Zika virus: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/zika-virus/prevention-risks.html
    If you are pregnant, always use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact with anyone who has travelled to a country or area with risk of Zika virus for the duration of the pregnancy. […] Avoid travelling to a country or area with a current Zika virus outbreak. […] If you choose to travel: Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. Always use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact with anyone who has travelled to a country or area with risk of Zika virus for the duration of the pregnancy. […] Always use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact for 2 months after travel or after onset of illness due to Zika virus (whichever is longer). […] If you are pregnant, always use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact with anyone who has travelled to a country or area with risk of Zika virus for the entire duration of the pregnancy.
  • #19 Zika virus | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/zika-virus
    Pregnant people and people trying to get pregnant, as well as their sexual partners, should consider deferring non-essential travel to areas with active Zika virus transmission. […] People travelling to areas with Zika transmission should consider using condoms or not having sex while travelling and for a period of time after returning home, to avoid transmitting Zika virus. This is especially important for male partners of people who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant. […] For males returning from a Zika-affected country: Do not have sex (vaginal, anal, or oral, as well as sharing sex toys), or consistently use condoms for at least 3 months upon return. […] For females returning from a Zika-affected country: Do not have sex (vaginal, anal, or oral, as well as sharing sex toys), or consistently use condoms for at least 2 months upon return.
  • #20 Zika Prevention: Personal Protection Measures | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/zika/measures.php
    Because Zika can cause certain birth defects, take steps to prevent your partner from getting Zika during pregnancy or from becoming pregnant. […] If you have been diagnosed with Zika virus, CDC recommends condoms should be used for at least six months after you have recovered to prevent the spread of Zika. […] Pregnant couples with male partners who live in or travel to areas with Zika should take steps to protect their pregnancy. […] To be effective, condoms must be used correctly from start to finish, every time you have vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis) sex. […] Men should correctly and consistently use condoms for vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis) sex or not have sex during this time period if they are concerned about the possibility of transmitting Zika virus to their sex partners.
  • #21 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Zika-prevention.aspx
    Prevention is important, as the Zika virus is being increasingly linked to a rise in microcephaly, which is a condition that causes defects to the brain and head of newborn babies in the womb. […] There are currently no vaccinations or medications that have been designed especially to treat individuals who have been infected by the Zika virus. […] One of the symptoms of the Zika virus can be viral conjunctivitis which tends to make the eyes watery. A patient with this side effect of the virus should take care to avoid passing on secretions from their eyes via their hands or through sharing a pillow. […] People should therefore avoid leaving bowls, vessels, and vases of water around their homes to minimize the risk of mosquitoes using these. […] Where possible, people should use mosquito nets to protect themselves from mosquitos throughout the day when they are their most active. This especially applies to pregnant women.
  • #22 Zika Prevention | Department of Health | Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
    https://www.pa.gov/agencies/health/diseases-conditions/infectious-disease/vectorborne-diseases/mosquito-diseases/zika/zika-prevention.html
    Most Zika virus infections are spread through the bite of an infected Aedes species of mosquito. […] The best ways to prevent Zika virus infection are to take extra steps to protect yourself when traveling to a Zika-affected area and avoid sexual contact with a partner who traveled to a Zika-affected area or use a condom every time. […] All travelers returning to Pennsylvania from an area with Zika virus should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for three weeks to avoid spreading Zika to uninfected mosquitoes. […] Pregnant women should avoid travel to these areas. […] If you are traveling to a Zika-affected area, the best way to prevent Zika is to protect against mosquito bites. […] The CDC recommends that men who have traveled to or lived in an area with active Zika transmission should use condoms consistently and correctly during sex or abstain from sex.
  • #23 Zika Virus Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Zika Virus Testing, Preconception and Pregnancy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-guidelines
    Pregnant Women The CDC recommends that all pregnant individuals consider postponing travel to areas with active Zika virus transmission and avoid sex with someone with recent travel to Zika risk area. If a pregnant individual is living or travelling to an area with Zika virus transmission, they should be advised to strictly follow recommended steps to avoid mosquito bites throughout the entire day and to avoid getting ZIKV through sex by using condoms during sexual activity (oral, vaginal, or anal) or avoiding sex during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals and their partner with history of travel to an area with risk for Zika or Zika outbreak, should monitor for symptoms (acute onset of fever, rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis) and avoid sexual transmission through abstinence or use of condoms.
  • #24 Zika Virus Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/arboviruses-arenaviruses-filoviruses/zika-virus-infection
    For pregnant women, precautions to prevent sexual transmission of the Zika virus are particularly important. If their partner (male or female) lives in or has traveled to an area where Zika virus infection is common, the couple should use a preventive measure for the entire duration of the pregnancy. […] Men who have traveled to an area with current or past Zika virus transmission should use condoms or abstain from sex for at least 3 months after he returns, or from the start of symptoms or the date he was diagnosed with Zika. […] Women who have traveled to an area with current or past Zika virus transmission should use condoms or abstain from sex for at least 2 months after she returns, or from the start of symptoms or the date she was diagnosed with Zika. […] Barrier methods include condoms (male and female) and dental dams (used during oral sex). These barriers can reduce the risk of getting the Zika virus during sex.
  • #25 Zika Virus: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16077-zika-virus
    Take precautions if you or your partner wants to become pregnant. If you or your partner travels to an area with a risk of Zika or has been diagnosed with Zika, wait to try to get pregnant. This will reduce your risk of passing an infection to the fetus. Current guidelines suggest its safest for women to wait two months or three months for men to have sex after traveling or the start of your symptoms. […] Use condoms or dont have sex for two to three months after your symptoms start. The virus is active longer in semen and vaginal fluids than it is in other body fluids, like blood. Zika can be transmitted through sex for several weeks longer than through mosquito bites. […] Avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes for at least three weeks after your symptoms start. Wear bug spray and keep exposed skin covered.
  • #26 Zika Virus Prevention and Treatment Recommendations – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/zika-virus-prevention-treatment-recommendations.html
    There has been a substantial reduction in the risk of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among Canadian travellers. Accordingly, CATMAT no longer routinely recommends that pregnant travellers avoid travel to areas where Zika is known or suspected to occur, or that special precautions to prevent sexual transmission while abroad or upon return are necessary. […] Given the low risk of ZIKV infection, CATMAT recommends against routine testing of asymptomatic pregnant women. […] In a situation where testing is completed and ZIKV is confirmed CATMAT recommends: women should wait at least 2 months after their return from a risk area or onset of symptoms (whichever occurs later) before trying to conceive/having unprotected sex. […] men should wait at least 3 months after their return from a risk area or onset of symptoms (whichever occurs later) before trying to conceive with their partner or engaging in unprotected sex.
  • #27 Prevention | Zika in Texas
    https://texaszika.org/prevention.htm
    DSHS encourages people to follow the CDC’s travel precautions for countries and regions where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women should not travel to areas affected by Zika. […] Travelers should avoid mosquito bites for 21 days following their return or the onset of illness. Travelers should also use EPA-registered insect repellents to prevent spreading the virus to mosquitoes in Texas. Travelers should also take precautions against sexual transmission to their partners for 2 or 3 months after returning from travel, depending on the specific situation. […] If you work or spend a lot of time outdoors, there is a greater chance that you could be bitten by a mosquito that may carry Zika virus. […] Local leaders can take action to help protect communities from Zika virus.
  • #28 Zika Virus Infection – Fit for Travel
    https://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/advice/disease-prevention-advice/zika-virus-infection
    Before planning your trip, you should check on the fitfortravel country pages: […] If the country you are visiting has a risk of ZIKV transmission, then there is a chance you could become infected, so before booking your trip, you should consider: mosquito bite avoidance measures, as these will reduce your risk of infection […] If you are concerned about the risk of ZIKV during travel, especially if you are pregnant, or planning pregnancy then you should seek travel advice from a travel health professional at least 6 to 8 weeks before travelling. […] There is no medicine or vaccine currently available that prevents ZIKV infection. […] The mosquitoes that transmit ZIKV mainly bite from sunrise to sunset. They are particularly persistent and aggressive biters. Try to protect yourself against mosquito bites both during the day and at night, especially if you are pregnant. This involves: using a good quality insect repellent
  • #29 Zika virus | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/zika-virus/
    If you are planning international travel you can use this A to Z guide to check if your destination has Zika virus. […] There is no vaccine or medicine to prevent Zika virus infection. […] In a country with a risk of Zika virus, you can reduce your risk of catching the virus by avoiding mosquito bites. […] Pregnant women should avoid or postpone non-essential travel to areas with a risk of Zika virus transmission. […] Avoiding mosquito bites is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of Zika virus infection. […] The most effective bite prevention methods should be used during daytime and night-time hours. […] Zika virus infection in pregnant women is a cause of birth defects in the baby, including microcephaly (abnormally small head). […] It is recommended that pregnant women avoid or postpone non-essential travel to areas with a risk of Zika virus until after pregnancy.
  • #30 Zika virus: Advice for travellers – Travel.gc.ca
    https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/510
    Talk to a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably at least 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice. […] For all travellers to places with Zika virus risk […] Prevent mosquito bites all the time. Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite during the day and night. They usually dont live at altitudes above 2,000 metres. To protect yourself: use an approved bug spray (insect repellent) on exposed skin. For best results, read and follow all label directions. wear light-coloured, loose long pants and long-sleeved shirts. Tuck in your shirt and wear closed-toe shoes or boots and a hat. sleep in a place that is fully enclosed with screens or walls to keep mosquitos out. use a mosquito net (bed net) when sleeping outside or in a place that isnt fully enclosed. Cover playpens, cribs, and strollers with mosquito netting. consider wearing approved insect-repellent clothing.
  • #31 Zika-Information | Florida Atlantic University
    https://www.fau.edu/ehs/safety/zika-virus/index.php
    Please drain containers of standing water where mosquitos can lay eggs. A capful is enough to encourage breeding. […] Please use appropriate protective actions when engaging in outdoor activities, including, but is not limited to: Daycare, K-12 camp outdoor activities, outdoor events, athletic events and practices, work, research or study performed outdoors. […] CDC has issued travel notices for countries and areas of South Florida affected by the illness. FAU students, staff and faculty traveling to these areas should consider the risks and seek advice from their medical doctor if there are health related concerns.
  • #32 Prevention and treatment for Zika virus disease
    https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/zika-virus-infection/prevention-and-treatment-zika-virus-disease
    The best protection from Zika virus is preventing mosquito bites indoors and outdoors, especially from sunrise to sunset when mosquitos are most active. Such measures include: […] Using a condom when staying in an area with active Zika transmission and continuing to do so for at least eight weeks after returning from this area will reduce the risk of sexual transmission. If symptoms were experienced, condoms should be used for six months following the cessation of symptoms. […] Travellers returning from Zika-affected areas are not allowed to donate blood until the risk of infection has passed, which is 28 days after returning from a Zika-affected area.
  • #33 Zika virus | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/zika-virus/
    If you do plan to travel, discuss this with your midwife, obstetrician or a travel clinic. […] If travel is unavoidable, there are actions you can take to help avoid infection. […] If you are trying to get pregnant, discuss your travel plans with your GP, practice nurse or travel clinic. […] It is recommended that women avoid unprotected sex and starting a pregnancy while travelling in an area with Zika virus. […] You should also avoid unprotected sex and starting a pregnancy for 8 weeks (if a woman) or 3 months (if a man) after you return home. […] You should wait 28 days to donate blood after travelling to an area with Zika virus.
  • #34 Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes—Current Updates
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5809424/
    Zika virus (ZIKV) is the most recent intruder that acquired the status of global threat creating panic and frightening situation to public owing to its rapid spread, attaining higher virulence and causing complex clinical manifestations including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain Barr Syndrome. […] Despite these progresses, currently there is neither any effective drug nor any vaccine available against ZIKV. Under such circumstances and to tackle the problem at large, control measures of which mosquito population control need to be strengthened following appropriate mechanical, chemical, biological and genetic control measures. […] The virus inactivation by pasteurization, detergents, chemicals, and filtration can effectively reduce viral load in plasma-derived medicinal products. Added to this, strengthening of the surveillance and monitoring of ZIKV as well as avoiding travel to Zika infected areas would aid in keeping viral infection under check.
  • #35 Zika: : Symptoms, Prevention and Treatments – PAHO/WHO
    https://www.paho.org/en/topics/zika
    Prevention involves reducing mosquito populations and avoiding bites, which occur mainly during the day. Eliminating and controlling Aedes aegypti mosquito breeding sites reduces the chances that Zika, chikungunya, and dengue will be transmitted. An integrated response is required, involving action in several areas, including health, education, and the environment. […] To eliminate and control the mosquito, it is recommended to: […] Avoid allowing standing water in outdoor containers (flower pots, bottles, and containers that collect water) so that they do not become mosquito breeding sites. […] Cover domestic water tanks so that mosquitoes cannot get in. […] Avoid accumulating garbage: Put it in closed plastic bags and keep it in closed containers. […] Unblock drains that could accumulate standing water.
  • #36 FACT SHEET: Preparing for and Responding to the Zika Virus at Home and Abroad | whitehouse.gov
    https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/08/fact-sheet-preparing-and-responding-zika-virus-home-and-abroad
    Enhance mosquito control programs through enhanced laboratory, epidemiology and surveillance capacity in at-risk areas to reduce the opportunities for Zika transmission; […] Deploy targeted prevention and education strategies with key populations, including pregnant women, their partners, and health care professionals; […] Improve diagnostics for Zika virus, including advanced methods to refine tests, and support advanced developments for vector control. […] Support for pregnant womens health, including helping them access repellant to protect against mosquitos. […] Establish education campaigns to empower communities in affected countries to take actions to protect themselves from Zika Virus as well as other mosquito-borne diseases.
  • #37 Zika Virus Protection | CDC Foundation
    https://www.cdcfoundation.org/zika-virus-protection
    To protect women and their unborn babies, there are three key prevention strategies. One is preventing mosquito bites. Another is protecting pregnant women from sexual transmission of Zika. And lastly, an effective strategy to reduce Zika-related pregnancy complications is to prevent pregnancy by offering a range of reversible contraceptives to women who want to delay or avoid pregnancy during a Zika outbreak. […] Another critical programmatic effort to prevent Zika-related birth defects was the 2016 establishment and launch of the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN), which was developed by the CDC Foundation with technical leadership from CDC and partners in Puerto Rico. The island-wide network of trained OB/GYNs and other physician providers, family planning clinics and community health centers provided women who chose to avoid or delay pregnancy with access to client-centered contraceptive counseling and a full range of reversible contraceptive methods. […] For the first time in Puerto Rico women had access to highly-effective, free reversible contraception on the same day of their medical visits.
  • #38 Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes—Current Updates
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5809424/
    It is advisable to avoid sexual intercourse if traveling in such an area or if one partner is infected with ZIKV. […] Tests conducted for the persistence of ZIKV in biological fluids revealed that only semen remains positive for ZIKV-RNA after 27 and 62 days. […] Blood transfusion can also disseminate ZIKV if preventive measures have not been taken timely. Thus, inactivation of the virus by the way of pasteurization and solvent/detergent treatment along with virus removal using filters with a 40 nm pore size, can effectively reduce viral load in the plasma-derived medicinal products. […] The health workers must take precautionary measures to avoid infection of hospitalized patients from such health workers.
  • #39 Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes—Current Updates
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5809424/
    Strategies to prevent ZIKV infection include mechanical, chemical, or biological control measures to prevent mosquitoes from spreading. Correspondingly, personal preventive measures are parallelly important. […] Since, the prime mode of ZIKV transmission is through mosquitoes, it is essential to concentrate on the methods that can control mosquitoes, so that its spread can be kept at bay. […] For effective mosquito control, mechanical, chemical, and biological measures should be employed. […] Mechanical control measures include the removal of all objects storing unwanted water, as these become sites for mosquitoes breeding. […] Chemical treatment includes the use of pyrethroids, organochloride, and organophosphorus, which primarily act on the nervous system of the vector. […] The use of fogging with insecticides is adopted in the outdoor environment to control the vector population though this can lead to development of resistance among the vector population.
  • #40 What is Zika virus? Spread, prevention, and the threat to babies | News | Wellcome
    https://wellcome.org/news/world-prepared-future-zika-virus-outbreaks
    Zika is an infectious disease transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. […] There is no treatment or vaccine for Zika, and most preventative methods focus on stopping mosquitoes biting. […] The main method to protect people against the disease is through prevention. […] Zika-carrying Aedes mosquitoes bite during the day, so bed nets offer limited protection. However, light-coloured clothing that covers the body, insect repellent and window screens can all help to stop the Aedes mosquitos from biting people. […] Additionally, stopping Aedes mosquitoes from breeding can help reduce the risk of infection. Traditional methods to prevent this focus on spraying adult mosquitoes with fumigation to kill them and targeting small collections of water where the Aedes mosquitos lay eggs. […] There are newer methods in development too, such as genetically modified male mosquitoes whose offspring never develop into adults.
  • #41 Zika Virus Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Complications
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-treatment
    Caution should be exercised to prevent local transmission of Zika virus from infected patients to uninfected mosquitoes. Mosquito bites should be avoided during initial stages of Zika infection owing to high viremia. This reduces infection of mosquitoes and prevents local spread of viral illness. […] The CDC has issued interim guidelines advising sexual abstinence or regular use of condoms to prevent the spread of Zika virus to sexual partners, especially during pregnancy. […] A travel alert has been issued for pregnant individuals in any trimester to avoid or postpone travel to areas with ongoing Zika outbreak. […] No vaccine is approved and available for the prevention of Zika virus infection. […] Multiple pre-clinical and clinical trials are ongoing across the world to develop a vaccine against ZIKV.
  • #42 Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes—Current Updates
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5809424/
    Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are promising alternatives with high degrees of insecticidal efficacy and environmentally safe compared to conventional chemical larvicides. […] Alternative to the use of chemicals, several biological measures against mosquitoes have been exploited with few having high efficacy to combat mosquito population at large. […] The major strategy that can be employed for the effective control of ZIKV infection is the use of vaccine, which is yet in its primitive stage but is gaining high interest among researchers worldwide. […] The use of transmission blocking vaccines (TBV) preventing the spread of disease from infected and vaccinated person to nave person have shown great promise. […] Apart from controlling the vector population that is involved in the transmission of ZIKV, it is also essential to adopt preventive measures at the individual level by the use of vaccines or employing strategies interfering the non-vectoral transmission of ZIKV.
  • #43 What is Zika virus? Spread, prevention, and the threat to babies | News | Wellcome
    https://wellcome.org/news/world-prepared-future-zika-virus-outbreaks
    The World Health Organization also has guidelines to prevent Zika from spreading through sexual transmission. […] While these preventative methods exist, a challenge to protecting people against Zika is that only one in five people exhibit symptoms of the disease. […] More research is needed to better understand Zika, how it spreads and how to prevent and treat the disease.