Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Menopause that happens before age 40 is called premature menopause (which is also medically called primary ovarian insufficiency [POI]). Menopause that happens between 40 and 45 is called early menopause. About 5% of women naturally go through early menopause. Smoking and certain medicines or treatments can cause menopause to come earlier than usual. […] Women who have gone through early or premature menopause cannot get pregnant using their own eggs. […] Early or premature menopause can happen on their own for no clear reason, or they can happen because of certain surgeries, medicines, or health conditions. […] Reasons for early or premature menopause can include: Family history. Women with a family history of early or premature menopause are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #2 Early and premature menopause | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/later-years-around-50-years-and-over/menopause-and-post-menopause-health/early-and-premature-menopause

  Menopause before the age of 45 is called early menopause. Menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause. […] Women can experience early or premature menopause for lots of different reasons including certain surgeries or cancer treatments. […] Having an early or premature menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis (weak bones) and cardiovascular (heart) disease. It is believed that HRT can reduce these risks, as well as controlling menopausal symptoms. The current recommendation is that women experiencing an early or premature menopause should be offered hormonal therapy, unless there is a medical reason not to take it, and should continue until at least the average age of the menopause. By doing this, the hormones that would usually have been produced are being replaced. […] There is support available for women who experience early or premature menopause. You can visit Menopause Cafes, online forums, social media groups or support websites to hear from women with similar experiences.

• #3 Essential Guide to Premature and Early Menopause – Stella

  https://www.onstella.com/the-latest/your-body/the-essential-guide-to-premature-and-early-menopause/

  While menopause is generally seen as a rite of passage for older women, some will find it turns up much earlier than expected and as a shock. For those who go through early menopause, hot flushes, sleepless nights and unpredictable periods can appear alongside the other challenges of being in your 20s or 30s. […] How is early menopause treated? […] Women with premature menopause may be able to be treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) depending on your medical history and lifestyle. Your doctor will be able to help you decide on the best type of HRT to suit your lifestyle and needs. When it comes to HRT, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and you may need to try a few different types before finding the best treatment for you. […] If you have gone through early menopause due to surgical treatment, you may need higher doses of oestrogen to control your symptoms.

• #4 Premature & Early Menopause: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21138-premature-and-early-menopause

  People who go through menopause early tend to have more severe symptoms of menopause. These symptoms can lead to sexual dysfunction or loss of intimacy. […] Additionally, people who experience premature or early menopause spend more years without the benefits of estrogen. Without typical amounts of estrogen, youre at greater risk for certain health conditions like osteoporosis, heart disease, depression, and various neurological diseases like dementia and Parkinsons disease. […] Talk to your healthcare provider if youre under 45 and have signs of menopause like irregular periods, spotting between periods, hot flashes or vaginal dryness. Your provider can order blood work and discuss your health history to help diagnose these conditions. Treatment is available to give you relief from unpleasant symptoms of menopause.

• #5 Premature or Early Menopause: Causes, Risks, and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/condition/menopause/5-reasons-why-some-women-go-through-early-menopause

  Premature menopause can happen between the ages of 40 to 45. […] Here’s what you should know about some of the causes of premature and early menopause, as well as risks, diagnosis, and treatment. […] Premature menopause happens when the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40, Shawn Tassone, MD, an OB-GYN specializing in integrative medicine in Austin, Texas, told Health. Early menopause happens when menopause happens between ages 40 to 45. […] With premature and early menopause, your ovaries gradually make less of the hormones estrogen and progesterone at a younger age than average. […] If you experience menopause early and wish to become pregnant, you can talk to your healthcare provider about in vitro fertilization (IVF). With IVF, donor egg cell or embryo options may be available.

• #6 Premature & Early Menopause: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21138-premature-and-early-menopause

  Premature menopause and early menopause are conditions where a woman goes through menopause at an earlier age than is typically expected. […] Treatment for early or premature menopause may vary depending on why menopause started earlier than normal. Given the health risks associated with early menopause, providers recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT), unless theres a reason hormone therapy is unsafe (like if youve had breast cancer). […] HRT replaces some of the lost hormones in your body. This helps reduce the symptoms and side effects of menopause, and decreases your risk of health conditions caused by early or premature menopause. […] Its important to discuss the pros and cons of hormone therapy with your provider. If you have infertility as a result of early or premature menopause, discuss your options with a fertility specialist, who can help you achieve your goal of becoming a parent.

• #7 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  A woman who is in menopause before age 45, especially if she has uncomfortable symptoms, should consider hormone therapy to make up for the extra years of lost estrogen and to relieve discomfort, Dr. Taylor says. […] Unless there’s a reason a woman can’t safely take hormones, medical experts recommend menopausal hormonal therapy for women going through premature or early menopause. […] The risks of MHT are very small for younger, healthy women who don’t have contraindications against taking it and are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms, Dr. Pal says. […] There are also nonhormonal options, including a pill approved by the FDA last year for hot flashes sold under the brand name Veozah, with other new medications on the horizon. While such a pill will offer comfort for that symptom, it won’t provide all the health benefits of estrogen, Dr. Taylor notes.

• #8 Management of menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10665088/

  Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. It can be offered to symptomatic patients with no contraindications following an individualised discussion about the risk of harms versus benefits. […] Menopausal hormone therapy is recommended for women with premature ovarian insufficiency (menopause occurring before 40 years of age) regardless of symptoms, unless contraindicated. […] Women with premature ovarian insufficiency require comprehensive assessment and management. MHT is recommended regardless of symptoms (unless contraindicated) until the usual age of menopause, to reduce the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. […] MHT is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. […] Other established benefits of MHT include improved quality of life, and prevention of osteoporosis and, potentially, cardiovascular disease.

• #9 Hormone Therapy in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/05/hormone-therapy-in-primary-ovarian-insufficiency

  Combined hormonal contraceptives prevent ovulation and pregnancy more reliably than HT; despite only modest odds of spontaneous pregnancy in women with primary ovarian insufficiency, this is a critical consideration for those who deem pregnancy prevention a priority. […] Although exogenous estrogen replacement is recommended for women with primary ovarian insufficiency, data comparing various hormonal regimens for disease prevention, symptom amelioration, and safety are lacking in this population. […] The choice of estrogen therapy should be combined with appropriately dosed progestogen therapy (administered continuously or sequentially) to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. […] To date, no well-powered randomized trials exist comparing HT with combined hormonal contraceptives in women with primary ovarian insufficiency to determine cardiovascular risk (either coronary artery disease prevention or risk of venous thromboembolism), quality-of-life measures (eg, vasomotor symptoms, bleeding profile, sexual dysfunction, patient satisfaction), or bone health. […] Regardless of age, the decision to continue HT should be individualized and based on a woman’s symptoms and the risk-benefit ratio.

• #10 Menopause & Post-Menopausal Hormone Therapy | USF Health

  https://health.usf.edu/care/diabetes-endocrinology/services-specialties/hormone

  Menopause Post-Menopausal Hormone Therapy […] Hormone therapies (HT) are the common methods for relief of menopausal symptoms and for preventing osteoporosis. Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks of HT with you and develop a plan customized for you. The two basic HT therapies are: […] Estrogen only therapy (ET), this type of therapy offers the most relief, but is only prescribed to women who have undergone a hysterectomy. […] Estrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT), this is when the hormone progestogen is added to ET to protect women with a uterus against endometrial cancer from estrogen alone. […] Our Diabetes and Endocrinology Center recognizes that each patient has own her unique experience, and tailors every patient’s treatment to suit her needs and lifestyle.

• #11 Menopause treatment | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-treatment

  Menopausal hormone therapy is prescription medicine that may help relieve your menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, if they are severe enough to disrupt your daily life. […] Menopausal hormone therapy can help with hot flashes and other menopause symptoms. It is usually taken as a pill each day. You can also get estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone menopausal hormone therapy as a skin patch. […] Topical hormone therapy is usually a low-dose estrogen cream applied directly to the vagina. It relieves vaginal dryness but does not help with other symptoms, such as hot flashes. […] Menopausal hormone therapy may not be safe for some women. You should discuss your risks with your health care provider if you have: A history of heart disease or risk factors, such as high cholesterol, A family or personal history of breast cancer, High levels of triglycerides, a type of fat in your blood, A family history of gallbladder disease, Liver disease, A history of stroke or blood clots.

• #12 Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5137796/

  Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a rare but important cause of ovarian hormone deficiency and infertility in women. […] Appropriate hormone replacement therapy to replace premenopausal levels of ovarian sex steroids is paramount to increasing quality of life for women with POI and ameliorating associated health risks. […] Physiologic EPT ameliorates many of these health risks and is considered standard of care for women with POI or early menopause. […] It is generally recommended to continue EPT until ~age 50 (the average age of natural menopause), unless a specific contra-indication exists such as an estrogen-dependent malignancy. […] The weight of evidence now favors transdermal or transvaginal estradiol therapy as the first line of HRT for young women with POI or early menopause.

• #13 When to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/when-to-take-hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/

  If you have premature menopause (before the age of 40) or early menopause (before the age of 45), it’s particularly important to take either HRT or the combined pill. […] This increases your level of oestrogen, which helps protect you from conditions such as osteoporosis. […] You’ll usually be advised to take HRT until you’re at least 51 years old.

• #14 Early and premature menopause | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/later-years-around-50-years-and-over/menopause-and-post-menopause-health/early-and-premature-menopause

  Menopause before the age of 45 is called early menopause. Menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause. […] Women can experience early or premature menopause for lots of different reasons including certain surgeries or cancer treatments. […] Having an early or premature menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis (weak bones) and cardiovascular (heart) disease. It is believed that HRT can reduce these risks, as well as controlling menopausal symptoms. The current recommendation is that women experiencing an early or premature menopause should be offered hormonal therapy, unless there is a medical reason not to take it, and should continue until at least the average age of the menopause. By doing this, the hormones that would usually have been produced are being replaced. […] There is support available for women who experience early or premature menopause. You can visit Menopause Cafes, online forums, social media groups or support websites to hear from women with similar experiences.

• #15 Hormone Therapy in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/05/hormone-therapy-in-primary-ovarian-insufficiency

  In women with primary ovarian insufficiency, systemic hormone therapy (HT) is an effective approach to treat the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and mitigate long-term health risks if there are no contraindications to treatment. […] Hormone therapy is indicated to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and urogenital atrophy and to improve the quality of life of women with primary ovarian insufficiency. […] As a first-line approach, HT (either orally or transdermally) that achieves replacement levels of estrogen is recommended. […] Treatment for all women with primary ovarian insufficiency should continue until the average age of natural menopause is reached (age 5051 years). […] In contrast to the treatment of postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis, which focuses on bisphosphonates as first-line therapy, low bone mass in women with primary ovarian insufficiency is managed most appropriately with HT.

• #16 Treatment for symptoms of the menopause | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/treatment-for-symptoms-of-the-menopause/

  If menopause happens before the age of 40 years, it is called premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency. […] Treatment for premature menopause involves the replacement of hormones in the form of either HRT or the combined oral contraceptive pill. Both are effective in treating hot flushes and keeping your bones strong. […] It is important for you to continue the treatment at least until the average age of natural menopause. By taking HRT, you are simply replacing the hormones your body is lacking, and so there are no added risks.

• #17 Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5137796/

  Young women who develop POI require long-term ovarian sex steroid replacement. […] Current therapies are prescribed to control symptoms and help prevent disease related to estradiol deficiency. […] The progestin component of HRT for women with POI should be cyclical and will protect the endometrium by inducing regular withdrawal bleeds. […] HRT should be continued until the age of natural menopause, at which time the dose may be tapered to postmenopausal levels or stopped, depending on a woman’s specific risks and needs.

• #18 Different Approaches to Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency – GREM – Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology & Metabolism

  https://gremjournal.com/journal/03-2021/different-approaches-to-hormone-replacement-therapy-in-women-with-premature-ovarian-insufficiency/

  In addition to HRT, which is recommended for all women without contraindications to hormonal therapy, women with POI should substitute vitamin D3 and maintain a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet. […] HRT has multifactorial significance for affected patients. In contrast to hormone administration after natural menopause, POI patients are treated for true hormone deficiency. […] For this purpose, HRT should be provided from the time of diagnosis until at least the age of natural menopause, and can be prescribed thereafter based on the individual wishes of the patient. […] The current IMS white paper recommends a higher dose of estrogen than is intended for natural menopausal therapy. […] Patients with POI benefit greatly from HRT. An HRT regimen that mimics natural ovarian hormone production and achieves physiologic estrogen levels should be chosen until the age of natural menopause. […] HRT attenuates menopausal symptoms, maintains or increases bone density, alleviates psychological sequelae, and reduces the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

• #19 How To Manage Menopause and Early Menopause | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/managing-menopause-early-menopause

  Some cancer treatments cause people to go through menopause at a young age. This is called premature or early menopause. It can also be called premature ovarian failure or primary ovarian insufficiency. […] If you have early menopause, your doctor may recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT replaces the hormones your body is no longer making in their usual amounts. This can prevent some of the health effects of early menopause. […] HRT can help by: […] – Treating the symptoms of menopause. […] – Helping to prevent thinning of your bones. […] Not everyone can safely take HRT. It’s generally not recommended for people with: […] – Hormone-sensitive tumors (such as breast cancer). […] – A history of blood clots. […] – Heart or vascular disease (having a history of heart attacks, high blood pressure, or stroke).

• #20 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Menopause hormone therapy is medicine with female hormones. It’s taken to replace the estrogen the body stops making after menopause, which is when periods stop for good. This therapy most often is used to treat common menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal discomfort. Menopause hormone therapy used to be called hormone replacement therapy. […] Menopause hormone therapy also has been shown to prevent bone loss and reduce broken bones after menopause. […] For best results, menopause hormone therapy should be tailored to each person. You also should review your use of hormone therapy regularly with your healthcare professional to make sure the benefits still outweigh the risks. […] The benefits of menopause hormone therapy may outweigh the risks if you start treatment before age 60, or within 10 years of menopause. You also may benefit from menopause hormone therapy if you’re healthy and you:

• #21 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Have early menopause or low estrogen. If you go through menopause or have your ovaries removed before age 45, or your ovaries stop working before age 40, you may benefit from menopause hormone therapy. That’s because you would have low estrogen for a longer time than if you went through menopause at a typical age. Estrogen therapy may help lower your risk of some health conditions caused by low estrogen, such as osteoporosis, heart disease, dementia and mood changes. […] If you can’t take menopause hormone therapy, you may be able to manage hot flashes with: […] There also are many nonhormone prescription medicines that may help manage hot flashes. […] For vaginal concerns such as dryness or painful intercourse, a vaginal moisturizer or lubricant may help. You also might ask your healthcare professional about the prescription medicine ospemifene (Osphena) or prasterone (Intrarosa). These medicines may help with painful intercourse and other vaginal and bladder symptoms of menopause.

• #22 Premature and early menopause | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/premature-early-menopause

  Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can cause premature and early menopause. […] Cancer treatment and surgery can also cause premature and early menopause. […] If you do want to get pregnant, you can use hormone medicines to bring on monthly periods. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of these therapies. […] Due to reduced levels of certain hormones, you will need to use hormone medicines usually menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or the Pill until the expected age of menopause. MHT will reduce potential long-term health risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. […] Your doctor will discuss the best treatment options for you. […] Given the potential risks, it’s important to talk to your doctor about different treatment options. […] MHT is the treatment of choice for women with osteopenia or osteoporosis until they are about 60 years of age.

• #23

  https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20151124/experts-dispel-myths-surrounding-early-menopause-and-risks-of-hormone-therapy

  Young womens bodies expect to have estrogen, Erica T. Wang, MD, MAS, a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Cedars-Sinai, told Endocrine Today. […] Debate continues about how long women should be on HT. The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) recommends 5 years or less of estrogen-progestin treatment in women with a uterus, but the length of time can be individualized for each woman, and younger women in particular may need to be on treatment longer. […] Regardless of whether a woman going through early menopause is experiencing distressing symptoms, such as hot flashes, she should be treated with HT if it is the best option for her, Thacker said. […] Most importantly, women with premature menopause should understand that the findings of the WHI, in terms of the balance of benefits and risk of HT, do not apply to their situation, Manson said.

• #24

  https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20151124/experts-dispel-myths-surrounding-early-menopause-and-risks-of-hormone-therapy

  When were talking about natural menopause at a more typical age, there may be controversy about HT for purposes beyond symptom management, because estrogen plus progestin therapy is associated with a complex pattern of benefits and risks. But in the premature or early menopausal state, its more straightforward that the benefits of estrogen therapy would likely outweigh the risks in women without contraindications.

• #25 How To Manage Menopause and Early Menopause | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/managing-menopause-early-menopause

  Some cancer treatments cause people to go through menopause at a young age. This is called premature or early menopause. It can also be called premature ovarian failure or primary ovarian insufficiency. […] If you have early menopause, your doctor may recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT replaces the hormones your body is no longer making in their usual amounts. This can prevent some of the health effects of early menopause. […] HRT can help by: […] – Treating the symptoms of menopause. […] – Helping to prevent thinning of your bones. […] Not everyone can safely take HRT. It’s generally not recommended for people with: […] – Hormone-sensitive tumors (such as breast cancer). […] – A history of blood clots. […] – Heart or vascular disease (having a history of heart attacks, high blood pressure, or stroke).

• #26 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  Therefore, today, the use of hormone therapy is only prescribed for a certain group of women. […] If the main problem of the person is vaginal symptoms and vaginal changes, it is better to use low-dose estrogen in the form of vaginal pills, vaginal creams, or vaginal rings instead of oral pills. […] In addition, regular doctor visits ensure that the benefits of hormone therapy outweigh its risks. […] In the following cases, it is usually not recommended to use hormone therapy to deal with early menopause: Abnormal vaginal bleeding; Having or being suspected of having active liver or gallbladder diseases; Having or being suspected of having uterine cancer or breast cancer; Having a cardiovascular disease or high risk of this disease in the person. […] There are simple measures that can reduce the severity of early menopause symptoms as well as the pain and discomfort caused by it.

• #27 Menopause treatment | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-treatment

  Menopausal hormone therapy is prescription medicine that may help relieve your menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, if they are severe enough to disrupt your daily life. […] Menopausal hormone therapy can help with hot flashes and other menopause symptoms. It is usually taken as a pill each day. You can also get estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone menopausal hormone therapy as a skin patch. […] Topical hormone therapy is usually a low-dose estrogen cream applied directly to the vagina. It relieves vaginal dryness but does not help with other symptoms, such as hot flashes. […] Menopausal hormone therapy may not be safe for some women. You should discuss your risks with your health care provider if you have: A history of heart disease or risk factors, such as high cholesterol, A family or personal history of breast cancer, High levels of triglycerides, a type of fat in your blood, A family history of gallbladder disease, Liver disease, A history of stroke or blood clots.

• #28 Menopausal hormone therapy | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt-and-menopause

  Women who go through premature or early menopause will benefit from MHT. […] MHT should be taken until the expected age of menopause to reduce these risks. […] MHT is an effective and safe treatment to relieve menopausal symptoms in healthy women. […] Like all medications, there are some risks associated with MHT. […] MHT is not recommended if you have had hormone-dependent cancer (e.g. breast cancer and some uterine cancers).

• #29 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  A woman who is in menopause before age 45, especially if she has uncomfortable symptoms, should consider hormone therapy to make up for the extra years of lost estrogen and to relieve discomfort, Dr. Taylor says. […] Unless there’s a reason a woman can’t safely take hormones, medical experts recommend menopausal hormonal therapy for women going through premature or early menopause. […] The risks of MHT are very small for younger, healthy women who don’t have contraindications against taking it and are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms, Dr. Pal says. […] There are also nonhormonal options, including a pill approved by the FDA last year for hot flashes sold under the brand name Veozah, with other new medications on the horizon. While such a pill will offer comfort for that symptom, it won’t provide all the health benefits of estrogen, Dr. Taylor notes.

• #30 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Menopause Treatment […] Menopause is a natural process. Many symptoms go away over time. But if theyre causing problems, treatments can help you feel better. […] Common treatments include: […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This is also called menopausal hormone therapy. You take medications to replace hormones your body isn’t making anymore. Certain drugs or combinations can help with hot flashes and vaginal symptoms, and make your bones stronger. But they can also put you at higher risk of health problems such as heart disease or breast cancer. So, take the lowest dose that works for the shortest time possible. […] Topical hormone therapy. This is an estrogen cream, insert, or gel you put in your vagina to help with dryness. […] Nonhormone medications. The depression drug paroxetine (Brisdelle, Paxil) is FDA-approved to treat hot flashes. The nerve drug gabapentin (Gralise, Neuraptine, Neurontin) and the blood pressure drug clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay) might also ease them. Medicines called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) help your body use its estrogen to treat hot flashes and vaginal dryness.

• #31 What Is Early Menopause? | Symptoms & Treatments – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-and-early-menopause

  Early menopause adversely affects women’s fertility and may cause cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric diseases, osteoporosis, and other health issues in the long run. […] Fortunately, this problem can be treated by hormone therapy, taking calcium supplements, changing lifestyle, etc. […] Early Menopause Treatment […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment for early menopause. In this method, the doctor prescribes hormonal drugs to replace the lost hormones (hormones that can no longer be produced). […] Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) usually continues until the patient turns 51 (the average age of menopause). […] The use of estrogen alone increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Therefore, it should be prescribed together with progesterone. […] According to sources, the use of antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has an effective role in controlling hot flashes in 60% of women with early menopause.

• #32 Menopause – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401

  Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin). Gabapentin is approved to treat seizures, but it also has been shown to help reduce hot flashes. This medicine is useful for people who can’t use estrogen therapy and for those who also have nighttime hot flashes. […] Clonidine (Catapres-TTS-1, Nexiclon XR). This pill or patch most often treats high blood pressure. It might give some relief from hot flashes. It’s not often prescribed for hot flashes because of the possible side effects, such as low blood pressure, headache, sleepiness and constipation. […] Fezolinetant (Veozah). This medicine is free of hormones. It treats menopause hot flashes by blocking a pathway in the brain that helps manage body temperature. It’s FDA approved for managing menopause symptoms. It can cause abdominal pain, liver problems and make sleep problems worse.

• #33 Menopause – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401

  Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin). Gabapentin is approved to treat seizures, but it also has been shown to help reduce hot flashes. This medicine is useful for people who can’t use estrogen therapy and for those who also have nighttime hot flashes. […] Clonidine (Catapres-TTS-1, Nexiclon XR). This pill or patch most often treats high blood pressure. It might give some relief from hot flashes. It’s not often prescribed for hot flashes because of the possible side effects, such as low blood pressure, headache, sleepiness and constipation. […] Fezolinetant (Veozah). This medicine is free of hormones. It treats menopause hot flashes by blocking a pathway in the brain that helps manage body temperature. It’s FDA approved for managing menopause symptoms. It can cause abdominal pain, liver problems and make sleep problems worse.

• #34 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  A woman who is in menopause before age 45, especially if she has uncomfortable symptoms, should consider hormone therapy to make up for the extra years of lost estrogen and to relieve discomfort, Dr. Taylor says. […] Unless there’s a reason a woman can’t safely take hormones, medical experts recommend menopausal hormonal therapy for women going through premature or early menopause. […] The risks of MHT are very small for younger, healthy women who don’t have contraindications against taking it and are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms, Dr. Pal says. […] There are also nonhormonal options, including a pill approved by the FDA last year for hot flashes sold under the brand name Veozah, with other new medications on the horizon. While such a pill will offer comfort for that symptom, it won’t provide all the health benefits of estrogen, Dr. Taylor notes.

• #35 Menopause – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401

  Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin). Gabapentin is approved to treat seizures, but it also has been shown to help reduce hot flashes. This medicine is useful for people who can’t use estrogen therapy and for those who also have nighttime hot flashes. […] Clonidine (Catapres-TTS-1, Nexiclon XR). This pill or patch most often treats high blood pressure. It might give some relief from hot flashes. It’s not often prescribed for hot flashes because of the possible side effects, such as low blood pressure, headache, sleepiness and constipation. […] Fezolinetant (Veozah). This medicine is free of hormones. It treats menopause hot flashes by blocking a pathway in the brain that helps manage body temperature. It’s FDA approved for managing menopause symptoms. It can cause abdominal pain, liver problems and make sleep problems worse.

• #36 Menopause – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401

  Oxybutynin (Oxytrol). This medicine treats overactive bladder and urinary urge incontinence. It’s also been shown to relieve menopause symptoms. But in older adults, it may be linked to cognitive decline. […] Medicines to prevent or treat the bone-thinning condition called osteoporosis. Your healthcare professional might suggest medicine to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Several medicines can help reduce bone loss and risk of fractures. Your healthcare professional also might prescribe vitamin D supplements to help strengthen bones. […] Ospemifene (Osphena). Taken by mouth, this selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) medicine treats painful intercourse linked to the thinning of vaginal tissue. This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] Before deciding on any form of treatment, talk with your healthcare professional about your choices and the risks and benefits of each. Review your choices yearly. Your needs and the treatment choices may change.

• #37 Menopause – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353401

  Vaginal estrogen. To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. This treatment gives you a small amount of estrogen, which the vaginal tissues take in. It can help ease vaginal dryness, pain with intercourse and some urinary symptoms. […] Prasterone (Intrarosa). You put this human-made hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into the vagina. It helps ease vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse. […] Low-dose medicines to treat depression, called antidepressants. Some antidepressants may ease menopausal hot flashes. These are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). A low-dose antidepressant may help manage hot flashes in people who can’t take estrogen for health reasons or for those who need an antidepressant for a mood disorder.

• #38 Making choices at menopause

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/july/making-choices-at-menopause

  Non-hormonal medications do not generally relieve menopausal symptoms other than vasomotor symptoms and do not have the potential benefits for bone and cardiovascular health that MHT has. […] There are very few complementary therapies with any evidence for efficacy. […] Following the publication of the WHI trial data, there was a large and sustained drop in the prescription of MHT. […] Women who are seeking to use hormones that are identical to those produced by the ovaries can use prescribed oestradiol along with micronised progesterone.

• #39 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Have early menopause or low estrogen. If you go through menopause or have your ovaries removed before age 45, or your ovaries stop working before age 40, you may benefit from menopause hormone therapy. That’s because you would have low estrogen for a longer time than if you went through menopause at a typical age. Estrogen therapy may help lower your risk of some health conditions caused by low estrogen, such as osteoporosis, heart disease, dementia and mood changes. […] If you can’t take menopause hormone therapy, you may be able to manage hot flashes with: […] There also are many nonhormone prescription medicines that may help manage hot flashes. […] For vaginal concerns such as dryness or painful intercourse, a vaginal moisturizer or lubricant may help. You also might ask your healthcare professional about the prescription medicine ospemifene (Osphena) or prasterone (Intrarosa). These medicines may help with painful intercourse and other vaginal and bladder symptoms of menopause.

• #40 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Medications for osteoporosis. You might take prescribed medicines or vitamin D supplements to help keep your bones strong. […] Lifestyle tips for managing menopause […] Some lifestyle changes can help you deal with menopause symptoms. Try these: […] If you’re having a vasomotor symptom, such as hot flashes, drink cold water, sit or sleep near a fan, and dress in layers. […] Use an over-the-counter vaginal moisturizer or lubricant for dryness. […] Exercise regularly to sleep better and prevent conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. […] Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises to prevent bladder leaks. […] Stay socially and mentally active to prevent memory problems. […] Don’t smoke. Tobacco might cause early menopause and increase hot flashes.

• #41 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  Some serotonin inhibitors, which are used as antidepressants, are effective in improving the symptoms of early menopause (such as a 60% reduction in hot flashes). […] Lubricants or lubricant gels are suitable tools to solve the problem of vaginal dryness caused by menopause. Vaginal dryness, in addition to causing discomfort for women, reduces the quality of sex between partners. […] Using RF for treating premature menopause can improve the symptoms of the disease and treat the problems caused by it. […] Using stem blood cells, enriched platelets, or PRP and injecting them into the ovaries can improve and strengthen the ovaries and the ovulation process to some extent. […] In many cases, premature menopause reduces women’s fertility, so no more mature and fertile eggs are developed for pregnancy. In such a situation, you can experience pregnancy again and have healthy children by using some alternative methods such as egg donation.

• #42 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  It is important to take vitamin D and calcium during menopause since this condition can lead to osteoporosis and muscle pain. […] Laser therapy is another method used to improve menopause symptoms, especially vaginal dryness and atrophy. […] Along with pharmaceutical and medical treatments, some traditional remedies can improve the symptoms of premature menopause and delay the infertility caused by it. […] Regular exercises such as the Kegel exercise, which increases the strength of the pelvic floor muscles and reduces urinary incontinence, can help improve the quality of sexual intercourse. […] The diet you follow during menopause plays an important role in relieving its symptoms. […] As mentioned, one of the ways to control the symptoms of early menopause is „hormone therapy”; however, this method, despite removing side effects such as hot flashes, may bring some risks.

• #43 Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer – WellFemmeLogo

  https://wellfemme.com.au/menopausal-treatments-after-early-menopause-or-cancer/

  Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer […] Treating menopausal symptoms after early menopause or breast cancer requires a tailored approach. Hormonal treatment is not the answer for everyone; for example, if you’ve had breast cancer it would not usually be recommended but your symptoms can be managed with other specific treatments. […] On the other hand, if you’ve experienced an early menopause (regardless of the cause) then MHT (Menopausal Hormone Therapy) may be a low-risk, effective symptom treatment with important long-term protective benefits. Let’s explore the options… […] Managing the Symptoms of Early Menopause […] Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): MHT can work very well for women with early or premature menopause by replacing lost estrogen and progesterone, which helps to prevent bone loss and cardiovascular disease. However it’s crucial to discuss individual risks and benefits with healthcare providers, especially for women who’ve had cancer. For example, MHT is generally not considered a good option after breast cancers yet can be quite ok after certain types of ovarian cancers (but not others). […] Non-Hormonal Medical Therapies: Some antidepressants can help manage hot flushes and mood swings without affecting estrogen levels, so they are a great choice if you’ve had a hormone sensitive cancer. They can also relieve mood symptoms at the same time. […] Vaginal Estrogen: Low-dose vaginal estrogen (in creams or pessaries) can improve vaginal dryness and discomfort with limited systemic absorption, so they are generally considered low risk even for most breast cancer survivors. […] Bone Health: Early menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis, so a baseline bone density scan is a great idea. There is a Medicare rebate if you have early/premature menopause or prolonged loss of periods other than pregnancy. […] Cardiovascular Health: A baseline health check with your GP including blood pressure, cholesterol and fasting blood sugars can help establish your pre-existing risk level. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, healthy diet and avoiding smoking can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with early menopause. […] Psychological Support: Counselling or support groups can address emotional challenges and fertility or body image concerns associated with cancer treatment and early or premature menopause.

• #44 Primary Ovarian Insufficiency | POI | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html

  Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure, happens when a woman’s ovaries stop working normally before she is 40. […] Currently, there is no proven treatment to restore normal function to a woman’s ovaries. But there are treatments for some of the symptoms of POI. There are also ways to lower your health risks and treat the conditions that POI can cause: […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT is the most common treatment. It gives your body the estrogen and other hormones that your ovaries are not making. HRT improves sexual health and decreases the risks for heart disease and osteoporosis. You usually take it until about age 50; that’s about the age when menopause usually begins. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. Because women with POI are at higher risk for osteoporosis, you should take calcium and vitamin D every day.

• #45 Early Menopause: Symptoms, Risks, and Coping

  https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/dealing-early

  Calcium and vitamin D supplements can help prevent osteoporosis if you’re not getting enough of these nutrients from your diet. […] Treatments such as HRT, supplements, and talk therapy can help you manage any symptoms and cope with the transition. Resources are also available to help you cope with infertility if you experience it as a result of early or premature menopause.

• #46 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Limit how much alcohol you drink to lower your chance of getting breast cancer and help you sleep better. […] Eat a variety of foods and keep a healthy weight to help with hot flashes. […] Practice things such as yoga, deep breathing, or massage to help you relax. […] Other lifestyle habits, such as cooling techniques, dietary changes, breathing practices, and dietary supplements, haven’t been shown to decrease hot flashes. […] Alternative and Complementary Menopause Treatments […] Some studies suggest soy products relieve hot flashes, but researchers are still looking into it. There aren’t many large studies on whether other supplements such as black cohosh or „bioidentical” hormones work for menopause symptoms. Talk to your doctor before starting any herbal or dietary supplements. […] Yoga, tai chi, and acupuncture are usually safe ways to manage menopause symptoms. Check with your doctor before starting these.

• #47 Treatment-induced menopause | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/treatment-induced-menopause

  Menopause is when the ovaries stop making estrogen and you have not had a menstrual period for at least 12 months. Menopause usually happens around 50 years of age. Some cancer treatments cause menopause to occur earlier. This is called treatment-induced menopause. […] Treatments for treatment-induced menopause focus on relieving any symptoms and preventing or managing any chronic conditions as a result of menopause. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be prescribed if the cancer isn’t affected by hormones. HRT has both risks and benefits. Talk to your doctor about how it might be used to treat hot flashes. […] You may want to try herbal therapies to relieve symptoms of menopause. There isnt enough research to show that these remedies are safe or effective. Some herbal therapies can also interfere with treatments or may be harmful. Always check with your healthcare team before taking any herbal products.

• #48 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Medications for osteoporosis. You might take prescribed medicines or vitamin D supplements to help keep your bones strong. […] Lifestyle tips for managing menopause […] Some lifestyle changes can help you deal with menopause symptoms. Try these: […] If you’re having a vasomotor symptom, such as hot flashes, drink cold water, sit or sleep near a fan, and dress in layers. […] Use an over-the-counter vaginal moisturizer or lubricant for dryness. […] Exercise regularly to sleep better and prevent conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. […] Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises to prevent bladder leaks. […] Stay socially and mentally active to prevent memory problems. […] Don’t smoke. Tobacco might cause early menopause and increase hot flashes.

• #49 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Women who smoke may reach menopause as many as two years before nonsmokers. They may also get more severe menopause symptoms. […] These treatments can damage your ovaries and cause your periods to stop forever or just for a while. […] A bilateral oophorectomy may cause menopausal symptoms right away. Your periods will stop after this surgery, and your hormone levels will drop quickly. You may have strong menopausal symptoms, like hot flashes and less sexual desire. […] Some women who have a hysterectomy can keep their ovaries. If this happens, you will no longer have periods, and you cannot get pregnant, but you are not menopausal. […] Women with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have extreme tiredness, weakness, muscle and joint pain, memory loss, headache, unrefreshing sleep, and other symptoms. Research has found that women with ME/CFS are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #50 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Medications for osteoporosis. You might take prescribed medicines or vitamin D supplements to help keep your bones strong. […] Lifestyle tips for managing menopause […] Some lifestyle changes can help you deal with menopause symptoms. Try these: […] If you’re having a vasomotor symptom, such as hot flashes, drink cold water, sit or sleep near a fan, and dress in layers. […] Use an over-the-counter vaginal moisturizer or lubricant for dryness. […] Exercise regularly to sleep better and prevent conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. […] Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises to prevent bladder leaks. […] Stay socially and mentally active to prevent memory problems. […] Don’t smoke. Tobacco might cause early menopause and increase hot flashes.

• #51 How to deal with Premature and Early Menopause?

  https://www.nirvahealth.com/blog/premature-and-early-menopause

  Mumps and pelvic tuberculosis are a couple of infections that can be a reason for premature or early menopause. […] Smoking can hamper the smooth functioning of your ovaries and thus is a potential risk factor for early menopause. […] If you can tick these off, you could be dealing with premature or early menopause! […] Everything starts with the proper diet. Every bite and every sip matters. […] Ayurvedic therapies help manage your symptoms considerably well. […] Ensuring regular exercise and physical activities like Yoga or Pilates can improve metabolism, strengthen joints and muscles, decrease stress, promote cardiac health and induce good sleep. […] Premature menopause can be managed with proper diet, routine and lifestyle, along with interventions like hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) taking the complications into account, but not healed. […] Studies show that women who experience early or premature menopause can have a high risk for osteoporosis, neurological diseases, psychiatric conditions and even heart-related issues. […] They can be managed naturally through Ayurveda and therapeutic yoga.

• #52 Menopause – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause

  Cognitive behavioural therapy and clinical hypnosis can decrease the amount women are affected by hot flashes. Mindfulness is not yet proven to be effective in easing vasomotor symptoms. […] Exercise has been thought to reduce postmenopausal symptoms through the increase of endorphin levels, which decrease as estrogen production decreases. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that exercise helps with the symptoms of menopause. Similarly, yoga has not been shown to be useful as a treatment for vasomotor symptoms. However a high BMI is a risk factor for vasomotor symptoms in particular. Weight loss may help with symptom management. There is no strong evidence that cooling techniques such as using specific clothing or environment control tools (for example fans) help with symptoms. Paced breathing and relaxation are not effective in easing symptoms.

• #53 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Limit how much alcohol you drink to lower your chance of getting breast cancer and help you sleep better. […] Eat a variety of foods and keep a healthy weight to help with hot flashes. […] Practice things such as yoga, deep breathing, or massage to help you relax. […] Other lifestyle habits, such as cooling techniques, dietary changes, breathing practices, and dietary supplements, haven’t been shown to decrease hot flashes. […] Alternative and Complementary Menopause Treatments […] Some studies suggest soy products relieve hot flashes, but researchers are still looking into it. There aren’t many large studies on whether other supplements such as black cohosh or „bioidentical” hormones work for menopause symptoms. Talk to your doctor before starting any herbal or dietary supplements. […] Yoga, tai chi, and acupuncture are usually safe ways to manage menopause symptoms. Check with your doctor before starting these.

• #54 Menopause – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause

  Cognitive behavioural therapy and clinical hypnosis can decrease the amount women are affected by hot flashes. Mindfulness is not yet proven to be effective in easing vasomotor symptoms. […] Exercise has been thought to reduce postmenopausal symptoms through the increase of endorphin levels, which decrease as estrogen production decreases. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that exercise helps with the symptoms of menopause. Similarly, yoga has not been shown to be useful as a treatment for vasomotor symptoms. However a high BMI is a risk factor for vasomotor symptoms in particular. Weight loss may help with symptom management. There is no strong evidence that cooling techniques such as using specific clothing or environment control tools (for example fans) help with symptoms. Paced breathing and relaxation are not effective in easing symptoms.

• #55 Menopause: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/menopause-basics

  Medications for osteoporosis. You might take prescribed medicines or vitamin D supplements to help keep your bones strong. […] Lifestyle tips for managing menopause […] Some lifestyle changes can help you deal with menopause symptoms. Try these: […] If you’re having a vasomotor symptom, such as hot flashes, drink cold water, sit or sleep near a fan, and dress in layers. […] Use an over-the-counter vaginal moisturizer or lubricant for dryness. […] Exercise regularly to sleep better and prevent conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. […] Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises to prevent bladder leaks. […] Stay socially and mentally active to prevent memory problems. […] Don’t smoke. Tobacco might cause early menopause and increase hot flashes.

• #56 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  It is important to take vitamin D and calcium during menopause since this condition can lead to osteoporosis and muscle pain. […] Laser therapy is another method used to improve menopause symptoms, especially vaginal dryness and atrophy. […] Along with pharmaceutical and medical treatments, some traditional remedies can improve the symptoms of premature menopause and delay the infertility caused by it. […] Regular exercises such as the Kegel exercise, which increases the strength of the pelvic floor muscles and reduces urinary incontinence, can help improve the quality of sexual intercourse. […] The diet you follow during menopause plays an important role in relieving its symptoms. […] As mentioned, one of the ways to control the symptoms of early menopause is „hormone therapy”; however, this method, despite removing side effects such as hot flashes, may bring some risks.

• #57 Premature Menopause | The Menopause Society

  https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/premature-menopause

  Because menopause appears to influence cognitive function, this is an important consideration for women who experience menopause at a younger age. […] Just as important as the physical aspects of premature menopause are the emotional ones. Premature menopause can cause distress to a woman’s sense of self. […] Women going through premature menopause also may need to cope with or continue treatment for the underlying condition that caused menopause to occur. […] For women with induced menopause, especially when it results from treatment for a serious illness, a number of other fears and concerns may compound the challenges of premature menopause.

• #58 Premature Menopause | The Menopause Society

  https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/premature-menopause

  Because menopause appears to influence cognitive function, this is an important consideration for women who experience menopause at a younger age. […] Just as important as the physical aspects of premature menopause are the emotional ones. Premature menopause can cause distress to a woman’s sense of self. […] Women going through premature menopause also may need to cope with or continue treatment for the underlying condition that caused menopause to occur. […] For women with induced menopause, especially when it results from treatment for a serious illness, a number of other fears and concerns may compound the challenges of premature menopause.

• #59 Perimenopausal & Menopausal Therapy Program > Departments > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/perimenopausal-and-menopausal-therapy-program

  Although perimenopause and menopause represent natural stages in a womans life, some women may find the common symptoms of this stage burdensome to the point of affecting their quality of life. […] Approximately 1% of women experience premature menopause, which occurs before age 40. […] Some medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, and some treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and ovarian surgeries, may increase the risk of early or premature menopause. […] Both premature and early menopause can be particularly burdensome – not only are the physical symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness) more severe, but the psychological distress that accompanies an early onset of menopause can be particularly stressful, especially for women who may not have met their fertility goals.

• #60 Early menopause – chemotherapy and radiation therapy – Australasian Menopause Society

  https://www.menopause.org.au/health-info/fact-sheets/early-menopause-chemotherapy-and-radiation-therapy

  combined oral contraceptive pill as a replacement hormone if you have no significant risk factors. […] Oestrogen therapy is not suited to everyone and is best avoided if you have breast or endometrial cancer. […] Your doctor can suggest non-hormonal options to help manage hot flushes and other symptoms. […] If contraception is required, hormonal options include the oral contraceptive pill or an intrauterine device plus oestrogen. […] Taking HRT early and continuing treatment until the age of a natural menopause (51 years) might reduce the risk of learning and memory problems. […] Psychological counselling can ease this distress.

• #61 Early menopause | Sexuality and cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/sex/women/menopausal-symptoms

  An early menopause happens in women who are under 45. If you have your menopause under 40 years, this is called premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). […] Some cancer treatments can cause an early menopause. These include: surgery to remove the ovaries, radiotherapy to the pelvis, drugs that block or lower the amount of hormones in the body (hormone therapy), chemotherapy. […] Early menopause due to cancer treatment can be a shock. It can feel physically and emotionally overwhelming. It can cause difficult symptoms as well as affect your sex life and sexuality. […] Your doctor might suggest that you try other things first, such as non hormonal medicines. But they may offer HRT if your symptoms are severe. […] Depending on your age, your doctor might recommend you have treatment to replace the hormones you would normally produce. This might be the case even if you don’t feel that your menopausal symptoms are too bad.

• #62 Early and premature menopause | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/later-years-around-50-years-and-over/menopause-and-post-menopause-health/early-and-premature-menopause

  Menopause before the age of 45 is called early menopause. Menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause. […] Women can experience early or premature menopause for lots of different reasons including certain surgeries or cancer treatments. […] Having an early or premature menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis (weak bones) and cardiovascular (heart) disease. It is believed that HRT can reduce these risks, as well as controlling menopausal symptoms. The current recommendation is that women experiencing an early or premature menopause should be offered hormonal therapy, unless there is a medical reason not to take it, and should continue until at least the average age of the menopause. By doing this, the hormones that would usually have been produced are being replaced. […] There is support available for women who experience early or premature menopause. You can visit Menopause Cafes, online forums, social media groups or support websites to hear from women with similar experiences.

• #63 Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer – WellFemmeLogo

  https://wellfemme.com.au/menopausal-treatments-after-early-menopause-or-cancer/

  Quality of Life Matters […] Ultimately it all comes down to understanding the risks and benefits of various treatment options to make informed choices for your own health. If you’re considering MHT, are the potential risks outweighed by improvements in quality of life and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis? It’s a decision that only you can make, after careful consideration and discussion with your doctor. […] There’s no “one size fits all” solution for menopausal symptoms in women who’ve had cancer. Speak to a health professional who has good knowledge about menopause treatments for an individualised treatment plan.

• #64 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Menopause that happens before age 40 is called premature menopause (which is also medically called primary ovarian insufficiency [POI]). Menopause that happens between 40 and 45 is called early menopause. About 5% of women naturally go through early menopause. Smoking and certain medicines or treatments can cause menopause to come earlier than usual. […] Women who have gone through early or premature menopause cannot get pregnant using their own eggs. […] Early or premature menopause can happen on their own for no clear reason, or they can happen because of certain surgeries, medicines, or health conditions. […] Reasons for early or premature menopause can include: Family history. Women with a family history of early or premature menopause are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #65 Early and Premature Menopause: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

  https://bywinona.com/journal/early-premature-menopause?srsltid=AfmBOoqIrqqdqeaP79AnGAQ4dQsnEGRRX5l0l9g6EC6qLcuPEKDkQxuk

  The optimal timing of HRT is also crucial. Studies show that women who begin HRT within one year of early menopause have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those who delay treatment. […] For individuals experiencing POI or those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, fertility preservation can offer hope if they wish to conceive in the future. Options like egg freezing, embryo cryopreservation, or ovarian tissue preservation can make pregnancy possible later in life through assisted reproductive technology. […] Early medical intervention and hormone therapy may help mitigate some of its long-term effects.

• #66 Perimenopausal & Menopausal Therapy Program > Departments > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/perimenopausal-and-menopausal-therapy-program

  Our Fertility Preservation Program addresses the needs of those who require treatments that may result in ovarian compromise or early ovarian failure. […] Our Third-Party Reproduction Program is committed to helping women with premature and early menopause meet their fertility goals through the use of donor eggs or gestational surrogacy. […] Our clinicians strive to serve our perimenopausal and menopausal patients immediate medical needs while also anticipating and reducing the risk of health problems that may arise in the future.

• #67 Premature Menopause: How to Cope with Your Changing Body | Sarah Cannon

  https://sarahcannon.com/blog/entry/premature-menopause-how-to-cope-with-your-changing-body

  Some women facing cancer may experience premature menopause as a result of their treatment. […] Premature menopause may be a result of several different therapies. These include the surgical removal of the ovaries, damage to the genetic material of the ovaries through radiation (caused by ovarian absorption of high doses of radiation administered to the abdomen or pelvis), or chemotherapy through exposure to an ovotoxic agent. […] Women should be aware of any care plan that may impact her ovaries, and discussing premature menopause at the first office visit is important. […] A consult with a fertility specialist may be recommended if she wishes to have children once treatment is completed. […] Additionally, there are things that women can do to prepare to help lessen the symptoms of menopause. Practice good health habits, such as maintaining a nutritionally balanced diet, not smoking, exercising regularly and limiting alcohol intake.

• #68 Premature or Early Menopause: Causes, Risks, and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/condition/menopause/5-reasons-why-some-women-go-through-early-menopause

  Your healthcare provider may recommend hormone therapy, a treatment option for menopause, if you’re experiencing symptoms earlier than average. There are different types of hormone therapy, such as estrogen-only or combined estrogen-progesterone. Hormone therapy comes in the form of pills, creams, vaginal inserts, patches, and sprays. […] Additionally, if you wish to become pregnant, you can discuss IVF using a donor egg cell or embryo with your healthcare provider. […] The risks of premature and early menopause are similar to those associated with natural menopause, like bone, heart, and mental health changes. Therefore, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing hot flashes and night sweats, irregular menstrual bleeding, or mood changes. Hormone therapy may alleviate your symptoms and stave off any complications.

• #69 Early menopause symptoms and treatment | TFP Fertility

  https://tfp-fertility.com/en-gb/fertility-guides/early-menopause-symptoms-and-treatment

  Were sharing specialist advice and fertility support for people going through early menopause. […] There are treatments to help you cope with symptoms and fertility options to explore. […] Early menopause cannot be reversed, but there are treatments to help you cope with symptoms. […] Taking hormones (hormonal therapy or HRT) keeps your natural oestrogen levels topped up to protect against long-term health conditions. […] Hormone therapy (HRT) keeps your oestrogen levels topped up to protect against the risk of fragile bones and heart disease. […] HRT isn’t a fertility treatment, but it can help with symptoms of early menopause. […] In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a fertility treatment for pregnancy. […] For people with early menopause, the best chance of success is to have IVF with a donor egg. […] If you’ve been through early menopause and no longer make your own eggs, it’s still possible to carry and deliver a healthy baby using a donor egg. […] It isnt possible to prevent or reverse early menopause, but some treatments help with symptoms, such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

• #70 Premature Menopause Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Definition

  https://www.medicinenet.com/premature_menopause_medical_procedural_causes/article.htm

  When menopause occurs before the age of 40, it is referred to as premature menopause. […] There is no treatment that can reverse or prevent premature menopause. […] Hormone therapy and other treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms of premature menopause. […] Types of treatments for symptom relief include the following: Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy (HT, or estrogen therapy, ET) is available in different forms including pills, patches, transdermal sprays, or gels or creams. […] Women who have reached menopause do have treatment options that can help control unpleasant symptoms. […] Assisted reproductive technologies: In select cases, pregnancy may be achieved using donor eggs in women with premature menopause. […] There is also an increased risk of osteoporosis in women with low estrogen levels. […] Women with premature menopause have a longer time period of their life of decreased estrogen production and this, in turn, increases their risk for low bone density. […] The prognosis for women with premature menopause is related to the circumstances and cause of the condition.

• #71 Premature Menopause: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/menopause/premature-menopause-symptoms

  How Is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Treated? The symptoms and health risks of premature menopause, as well as the emotional issues that may result from it, can be managed with methods similar to those used for natural menopause. Women dealing with infertility that is brought on by premature ovarian insufficiency may want to discuss their options with their doctor or with a reproductive specialist. […] Can Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Be Reversed? With premature ovarian insufficiency, women who have been tested and have 46 XX chromosomes have some intermittent ovarian function later (can be 50%) and about 5%-10% may be able to get pregnant even after the diagnosis. In general, however, POI is unlikely to ever be completely reversed.

• #72 Early Menopause: All You Need to Know – Nava Health

  https://navacenter.com/early-menopause-all-you-need-to-know/

  About 5% of women globally go through early menopause. […] However, dont despair straight away. Help is available. […] For example, its possible to minimize the side effects of early menopause with hormone therapy and some lifestyle adjustments. […] The primary treatment may involve some form of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) for severe symptoms usually, until you reach at least the average age of regular menopause, in your early 50s. […] Unfortunately, theres currently no treatment to reverse early menopause, but with the proper medication and lifestyle changes, its possible to manage symptoms. […] Because of this fluctuation in ovarian function, 5-10% of women with early menopause can still get pregnant.

• #73 Stem cell therapy may help reverse effects of premature menopause, restore fertility | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/2018/stem-cell-therapy-may-help-reverse-effects-of-premature-menopause-restore-fertility

  Young women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) may be able to use their own bone marrow stem cells to rejuvenate their ovaries and avoid the effects of premature menopause, new research suggests. […] „In the two participants who have completed the treatment to date, serum estrogen levels have increased as soon as 3 months after the injection of stem cells, and the effect has lasted for at least one year. Their menopausal symptoms have been alleviated, and six months after the injection of the stem cells into the ovaries, they have resumed menses,” said senior author Ayman Al-Hendy, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Gynecology and Director of Translational Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago. […] Now that both women’s estrogen levels have increased significantly and they have begun to menstruate, the research team looks forward to the possibility that they may again become fertile.

• #74 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  Some serotonin inhibitors, which are used as antidepressants, are effective in improving the symptoms of early menopause (such as a 60% reduction in hot flashes). […] Lubricants or lubricant gels are suitable tools to solve the problem of vaginal dryness caused by menopause. Vaginal dryness, in addition to causing discomfort for women, reduces the quality of sex between partners. […] Using RF for treating premature menopause can improve the symptoms of the disease and treat the problems caused by it. […] Using stem blood cells, enriched platelets, or PRP and injecting them into the ovaries can improve and strengthen the ovaries and the ovulation process to some extent. […] In many cases, premature menopause reduces women’s fertility, so no more mature and fertile eggs are developed for pregnancy. In such a situation, you can experience pregnancy again and have healthy children by using some alternative methods such as egg donation.

• #75 Experimental Treatment Could Restore Fertility in Women With Early Menopause

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/fertility/experimental-treatment-could-restore-fertility-in-women-with-early-menopause/

  Experimental Treatment Could Restore Fertility in Women With Early Menopause […] Researchers administered platelet-rich plasma and gonadotropins near the ovarian follicles to bring back ovarian function and menstruation in women who had gone through early menopause. […] This could provide another treatment scenario for women in early menopause and those of impending ovarian failure and give them a better opportunity to conceive using their own eggs, says Chao-Chin Hsu, MD, PhD, a physician in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, and a coauthor of the study. […] After the treatment, 11 of the 12 study participants regained ovulatory function and resumed menstruation, says Dr. Hsu. […] Our study showed the regain of follicle growth with elevated serum estradiol level (ovarian hormone) in most menopausal women who received our treatment, he says. That may mean that the treatment could be used to relieve the symptoms and signs of early menopause, says Hsu.

• #76 Early Menopause Treatment

  https://bioinst.com/en/early-menopause-treatment/

  An innovative technique against premature menopause that uses stem cells from your adipose tissue. OVOSKILL is a treatment for premature menopause based on the use of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), i.e. obtained from the fat of the person who will undergo the treatment. It is indicated in case of infertility and interruption of the menstrual cycle. […] OVOSKILL treatment is recommended in case of: Infertility, Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis: The reduction in estrogen levels typical of early menopause puts bone health at risk, Depression or anxiety: They are related to the risk of infertility and a reduction in the level of estrogen, Heart disease: Early loss of estrogen can also affect the risk of cardiovascular events. […] Stem cell treatment promotes the resumption of the menstrual cycle and allows conception. The effectiveness of the approach is scientifically proven: a recent publication reported the case of a woman who, following treatment with stem cells, gave birth to a healthy child.

• #77 Experimental Treatment Could Restore Fertility in Women With Early Menopause

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/fertility/experimental-treatment-could-restore-fertility-in-women-with-early-menopause/

  There are many negative health consequences linked to early menopause, says Faubion. […] Restoring ovarian function and making a woman whole again is about more than preserving fertility, says Faubion. […] If we could reverse that, it may reverse all those chronic conditions that are linked to losing ovarian function. […] Studies that examine the use of platelet-rich plasma in a larger population where women are grouped according to the cause of their early menopause would be an important next step, says Faubion. […] Women With Signs of Early Menopause Need to See a Doctor […] Any woman who is under the age of 45 and is skipping a lot of periods should see her provider, because it could be that ovarian function isnt what it should be, says Faubion.

• #78 Premature and early menopause | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/early-menopause

  Early and premature menopause is when you stop having monthly periods earlier than expected. […] Early or premature menopause can occur due to certain health conditions, including treatments for cancer. […] If you are affected by early menopause, it’s important to get medical support. […] Your doctor will consider your symptoms, risk factors and family history. […] Hormone therapy may be recommended. This is usually menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or the pill. […] Hormone therapy can help lower your risk of osteoporosis and early onset cardiovascular disease. […] The pill or MHT may not be recommended for some females, such as those who have or have had breast cancer. […] Premature or early menopause can be very upsetting. You may find talking to a psychologist helpful. […] Early menopause can’t be prevented. […] Females who go through premature or early menopause may have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

• #79 Premature and early menopause | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/premature-early-menopause

  Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can cause premature and early menopause. […] Cancer treatment and surgery can also cause premature and early menopause. […] If you do want to get pregnant, you can use hormone medicines to bring on monthly periods. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of these therapies. […] Due to reduced levels of certain hormones, you will need to use hormone medicines usually menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or the Pill until the expected age of menopause. MHT will reduce potential long-term health risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. […] Your doctor will discuss the best treatment options for you. […] Given the potential risks, it’s important to talk to your doctor about different treatment options. […] MHT is the treatment of choice for women with osteopenia or osteoporosis until they are about 60 years of age.

• #80 Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer – WellFemmeLogo

  https://wellfemme.com.au/menopausal-treatments-after-early-menopause-or-cancer/

  Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer […] Treating menopausal symptoms after early menopause or breast cancer requires a tailored approach. Hormonal treatment is not the answer for everyone; for example, if you’ve had breast cancer it would not usually be recommended but your symptoms can be managed with other specific treatments. […] On the other hand, if you’ve experienced an early menopause (regardless of the cause) then MHT (Menopausal Hormone Therapy) may be a low-risk, effective symptom treatment with important long-term protective benefits. Let’s explore the options… […] Managing the Symptoms of Early Menopause […] Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): MHT can work very well for women with early or premature menopause by replacing lost estrogen and progesterone, which helps to prevent bone loss and cardiovascular disease. However it’s crucial to discuss individual risks and benefits with healthcare providers, especially for women who’ve had cancer. For example, MHT is generally not considered a good option after breast cancers yet can be quite ok after certain types of ovarian cancers (but not others). […] Non-Hormonal Medical Therapies: Some antidepressants can help manage hot flushes and mood swings without affecting estrogen levels, so they are a great choice if you’ve had a hormone sensitive cancer. They can also relieve mood symptoms at the same time. […] Vaginal Estrogen: Low-dose vaginal estrogen (in creams or pessaries) can improve vaginal dryness and discomfort with limited systemic absorption, so they are generally considered low risk even for most breast cancer survivors. […] Bone Health: Early menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis, so a baseline bone density scan is a great idea. There is a Medicare rebate if you have early/premature menopause or prolonged loss of periods other than pregnancy. […] Cardiovascular Health: A baseline health check with your GP including blood pressure, cholesterol and fasting blood sugars can help establish your pre-existing risk level. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, healthy diet and avoiding smoking can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with early menopause. […] Psychological Support: Counselling or support groups can address emotional challenges and fertility or body image concerns associated with cancer treatment and early or premature menopause.

• #81 Premature Menopause Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Definition

  https://www.medicinenet.com/premature_menopause_medical_procedural_causes/article.htm

  When menopause occurs before the age of 40, it is referred to as premature menopause. […] There is no treatment that can reverse or prevent premature menopause. […] Hormone therapy and other treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms of premature menopause. […] Types of treatments for symptom relief include the following: Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy (HT, or estrogen therapy, ET) is available in different forms including pills, patches, transdermal sprays, or gels or creams. […] Women who have reached menopause do have treatment options that can help control unpleasant symptoms. […] Assisted reproductive technologies: In select cases, pregnancy may be achieved using donor eggs in women with premature menopause. […] There is also an increased risk of osteoporosis in women with low estrogen levels. […] Women with premature menopause have a longer time period of their life of decreased estrogen production and this, in turn, increases their risk for low bone density. […] The prognosis for women with premature menopause is related to the circumstances and cause of the condition.

• #82 Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer – WellFemmeLogo

  https://wellfemme.com.au/menopausal-treatments-after-early-menopause-or-cancer/

  Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer […] Treating menopausal symptoms after early menopause or breast cancer requires a tailored approach. Hormonal treatment is not the answer for everyone; for example, if you’ve had breast cancer it would not usually be recommended but your symptoms can be managed with other specific treatments. […] On the other hand, if you’ve experienced an early menopause (regardless of the cause) then MHT (Menopausal Hormone Therapy) may be a low-risk, effective symptom treatment with important long-term protective benefits. Let’s explore the options… […] Managing the Symptoms of Early Menopause […] Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): MHT can work very well for women with early or premature menopause by replacing lost estrogen and progesterone, which helps to prevent bone loss and cardiovascular disease. However it’s crucial to discuss individual risks and benefits with healthcare providers, especially for women who’ve had cancer. For example, MHT is generally not considered a good option after breast cancers yet can be quite ok after certain types of ovarian cancers (but not others). […] Non-Hormonal Medical Therapies: Some antidepressants can help manage hot flushes and mood swings without affecting estrogen levels, so they are a great choice if you’ve had a hormone sensitive cancer. They can also relieve mood symptoms at the same time. […] Vaginal Estrogen: Low-dose vaginal estrogen (in creams or pessaries) can improve vaginal dryness and discomfort with limited systemic absorption, so they are generally considered low risk even for most breast cancer survivors. […] Bone Health: Early menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis, so a baseline bone density scan is a great idea. There is a Medicare rebate if you have early/premature menopause or prolonged loss of periods other than pregnancy. […] Cardiovascular Health: A baseline health check with your GP including blood pressure, cholesterol and fasting blood sugars can help establish your pre-existing risk level. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, healthy diet and avoiding smoking can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with early menopause. […] Psychological Support: Counselling or support groups can address emotional challenges and fertility or body image concerns associated with cancer treatment and early or premature menopause.

• #83 Menopause – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/menopause/

  Premature menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian function and menses before the age of 40 years. […] Hormonal therapy is recommended to reduce: […] Symptoms of menopause […] Risks of early menopause, e.g., increased risk of heart disease, dementia, and increased risk of overall mortality. […] Systemic HRT is usually recommended to reduce risks associated with early menopause, e.g.: […] Increased risk of heart disease […] Dementia […] Increased risk of overall mortality. […] Hormone replacement therapy is not indicated for all patients but should be prescribed for premature menopause, early menopause, and patients with moderate to severe symptoms of menopause.

• #84 Early Menopause Treatment

  https://bioinst.com/en/early-menopause-treatment/

  An innovative technique against premature menopause that uses stem cells from your adipose tissue. OVOSKILL is a treatment for premature menopause based on the use of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), i.e. obtained from the fat of the person who will undergo the treatment. It is indicated in case of infertility and interruption of the menstrual cycle. […] OVOSKILL treatment is recommended in case of: Infertility, Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis: The reduction in estrogen levels typical of early menopause puts bone health at risk, Depression or anxiety: They are related to the risk of infertility and a reduction in the level of estrogen, Heart disease: Early loss of estrogen can also affect the risk of cardiovascular events. […] Stem cell treatment promotes the resumption of the menstrual cycle and allows conception. The effectiveness of the approach is scientifically proven: a recent publication reported the case of a woman who, following treatment with stem cells, gave birth to a healthy child.

• #85 Premature Menopause | The Menopause Society

  https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/premature-menopause

  Premature Menopause occurs in about 3 in 100 women. […] The normal age range of menopause is between 46 and 55 years However, about three in 100 women will go through menopause before age 40. This is known as premature menopause. […] When it does occur, examination by a healthcare professional is recommended. Women who go through premature menopause may face emotional challenges and struggles with fertility. They also may have specific health risks that can be addressed with ongoing monitoring and treatment. […] For women with premature menopause—in addition to taking estrogen to offset risk—it’s especially important to engage in activities that encourage the preservation of bone density. […] Premature menopause also may increase the risk of heart disease later in life. In addition to taking estrogen to reduce heart risks, it’s important to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle.

• #86 Early Menopause, Later Start to Hormone Therapy May Increase Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/press-releases/menopause-hormone-therapy-alzheimers-disease-risk

  Our previous findings from the WHI suggested that starting HT early in menopause, rather than late initiation, provides better outcomes for heart disease, cognitive function, and all-cause mortality and this study suggests that the same is true for tau deposition. […] Hormone therapy can have negative effects on cognition, but only if initiated several years after age at menopause. These observational findings support clinical guidelines that state hormone therapy should be administered close to menopause onset, but not several years after.

• #87 Menopause: How the timing of hormone therapy affects aging

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/starting-hormone-therapy-perimenopause-may-slow-down-biological-aging

  Hormone therapy taken during perimenopausal years slows down aging during menopause without increasing mortality risks, according to a new study. […] The study says the time of a woman’s life at which HT is most likely to be beneficial is during perimenopause. […] Women in their early 40s or younger may receive hormone therapy if they experience premature menopause, exhibit symptoms of premature menopause, or undergo a bilateral oophorectomy, Liu said. […] Ruiz said that the value of HT for women in perimenopause is to help smooth their transition into menopause. […] Liu said that this indicated that hormone therapy might help them to offset all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with phenotypic aging. […] Hormone therapy after menopause is termed hormone replacement therapy, which Ruiz cautioned should be accompanied by lipid testing for heart issues, which are more likely, and by mammograms for the increased risk of breast cancer.

• #88 Bioidentical Hormones for Early Menopause | HerKare

  https://herkare.com/blog/bioidentical-hormones-premature-early-menopause/

  If you are diagnosed with early menopause or premature menopause, we provide personalized treatment plans to help you stay healthy. […] However, there are many early menopause treatment options available, like bioidentical hormones, to help you live your best life! […] If you’re experiencing early or premature menopause, our providers may recommend treatment with bioidentical hormones to help replace the ones your ovaries aren’t producing anymore. […] The North American Menopause Society recommends women who experience early or premature menopause take hormone replacement therapy until the average age of natural menopause (about 51). […] Bioidentical hormones may help reduce these risks by providing your body with the level of estrogen your ovaries would normally produce. […] When natural menopause occurs after 45, typically hormone replacement therapy includes taking doses much lower than what your ovaries produced during pre-menopause. However, for those with early or premature menopause, we try to mimic your normal ovarian function as closely as possible. […] In addition to bioidentical hormones, we may also recommend other treatments or lifestyle changes to help with early or premature menopause.

• #89 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Menopause hormone therapy is medicine with female hormones. It’s taken to replace the estrogen the body stops making after menopause, which is when periods stop for good. This therapy most often is used to treat common menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal discomfort. Menopause hormone therapy used to be called hormone replacement therapy. […] Menopause hormone therapy also has been shown to prevent bone loss and reduce broken bones after menopause. […] For best results, menopause hormone therapy should be tailored to each person. You also should review your use of hormone therapy regularly with your healthcare professional to make sure the benefits still outweigh the risks. […] The benefits of menopause hormone therapy may outweigh the risks if you start treatment before age 60, or within 10 years of menopause. You also may benefit from menopause hormone therapy if you’re healthy and you:

• #90 Premature & Early Menopause: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21138-premature-and-early-menopause

  Premature menopause and early menopause are conditions where a woman goes through menopause at an earlier age than is typically expected. […] Treatment for early or premature menopause may vary depending on why menopause started earlier than normal. Given the health risks associated with early menopause, providers recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT), unless theres a reason hormone therapy is unsafe (like if youve had breast cancer). […] HRT replaces some of the lost hormones in your body. This helps reduce the symptoms and side effects of menopause, and decreases your risk of health conditions caused by early or premature menopause. […] Its important to discuss the pros and cons of hormone therapy with your provider. If you have infertility as a result of early or premature menopause, discuss your options with a fertility specialist, who can help you achieve your goal of becoming a parent.

• #91 Menopausal Treatments after Early Menopause or Cancer – WellFemmeLogo

  https://wellfemme.com.au/menopausal-treatments-after-early-menopause-or-cancer/

  Quality of Life Matters […] Ultimately it all comes down to understanding the risks and benefits of various treatment options to make informed choices for your own health. If you’re considering MHT, are the potential risks outweighed by improvements in quality of life and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis? It’s a decision that only you can make, after careful consideration and discussion with your doctor. […] There’s no “one size fits all” solution for menopausal symptoms in women who’ve had cancer. Speak to a health professional who has good knowledge about menopause treatments for an individualised treatment plan.

• #92 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Menopause hormone therapy is medicine with female hormones. It’s taken to replace the estrogen the body stops making after menopause, which is when periods stop for good. This therapy most often is used to treat common menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal discomfort. Menopause hormone therapy used to be called hormone replacement therapy. […] Menopause hormone therapy also has been shown to prevent bone loss and reduce broken bones after menopause. […] For best results, menopause hormone therapy should be tailored to each person. You also should review your use of hormone therapy regularly with your healthcare professional to make sure the benefits still outweigh the risks. […] The benefits of menopause hormone therapy may outweigh the risks if you start treatment before age 60, or within 10 years of menopause. You also may benefit from menopause hormone therapy if you’re healthy and you:

• #93 Early or Premature Menopause Occurrence and its Treatment

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/early-or-premature-menopause-occurrence-and-its-treatment-77682.html

  Early Menopause can cause a lot no of issues like Infertility, Dementia/ Loss of memory, psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, feeling of low self-esteem; Sexual disturbances like Reduced desire of sex, dryness of vagina, pain during intercourse, recurrent urine infections, etc. Cardiovascular accidents: Women who experience early menopause have an increased risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. Osteoporosis, or brittle bones, is caused by early menopause, vitamin D insufficiency, and a lack of activity, which results in brittle bones and simple fractures later in life. […] Premature menopause is treated by focusing on the symptoms and issues that it causes, and it frequently necessitates the collaboration of numerous specialists for a full treatment. […] The numerous alternatives available for women with premature menopause include hormone replacement therapy, nonhormonal therapies for vaginal dryness, oocyte cryopreservation prior to cancer treatment, surrogacy, Vitamin D supplements, and counselling. […] While we can’t predict a woman’s menopausal age or change her genetic makeup, quitting smoking, eating a good diet, and exercising regularly can help to lower the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular problems that come with early menopause.

• #94 Perimenopausal & Menopausal Therapy Program > Departments > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/departments/perimenopausal-and-menopausal-therapy-program

  Our Fertility Preservation Program addresses the needs of those who require treatments that may result in ovarian compromise or early ovarian failure. […] Our Third-Party Reproduction Program is committed to helping women with premature and early menopause meet their fertility goals through the use of donor eggs or gestational surrogacy. […] Our clinicians strive to serve our perimenopausal and menopausal patients immediate medical needs while also anticipating and reducing the risk of health problems that may arise in the future.

• #95 Effective Management of Early Menopause for Women Under 40

  https://www.mymenopausecentre.com/early-menopause/early-menopause-management/early-menopause-management-strategies-for-premature-menopause/

  Premature menopause, occurring before the age of 40, affects approximately 1% of women. Understanding and managing this condition effectively is crucial for maintaining health and well-being. […] The importance of an early diagnosis cannot be overstated, as it facilitates the development of an effective management plan. Such a plan is vital for alleviating the various symptoms associated with menopause and for preventing potential long-term health complications that can arise as hormone levels change. Early intervention and tailored treatment strategies can significantly improve the quality of life for those experiencing early menopause. […] Addressing early menopause requires a bespoke approach, tailored to the unique needs of the individual. Here are some of the typical methodologies employed: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): This is frequently recommended to alleviate menopausal symptoms and to help prevent the demineralisation of bones in osteoporosis, heart disease and dementia, the risks of which can all increase in a premature menopause. Non-hormonal Medications: These are recommended only if there are contraindications to HRT. They include antidepressants which can be effective in managing psychological changes such as mood swings and hot flushes, often experienced during menopause. Lifestyle Modifications: Adjustments in daily living can significantly impact the severity of symptoms. This includes adopting a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and implementing effective stress management techniques. […] Talk to one of our menopause specialists or your GP to discuss these treatment options and develop an effective plan that is best suited to your personal health circumstances. This collaborative approach can greatly assist in managing the symptoms of early menopause effectively.

• #96 8 Main Treatments for the Premature Menopause Symptoms – Raadina Health

  https://raadinahealth.com/en/blog/premature-menopause-treatment

  Therefore, today, the use of hormone therapy is only prescribed for a certain group of women. […] If the main problem of the person is vaginal symptoms and vaginal changes, it is better to use low-dose estrogen in the form of vaginal pills, vaginal creams, or vaginal rings instead of oral pills. […] In addition, regular doctor visits ensure that the benefits of hormone therapy outweigh its risks. […] In the following cases, it is usually not recommended to use hormone therapy to deal with early menopause: Abnormal vaginal bleeding; Having or being suspected of having active liver or gallbladder diseases; Having or being suspected of having uterine cancer or breast cancer; Having a cardiovascular disease or high risk of this disease in the person. […] There are simple measures that can reduce the severity of early menopause symptoms as well as the pain and discomfort caused by it.

• #97 Menopause treatment | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-treatment

  Talk to your health care provider to weigh the risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy based on your symptoms, age, and risk factors. […] Talk to your health care provider before trying any bioidentical hormone therapy. […] Some women report relief for hot flashes and other symptoms with complementary or alternative therapies. Talk to your health care provider before taking any herbal or vitamin supplement.

• #98 Menopause hormone therapy: Is it right for you?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372

  Menopause hormone therapy is medicine with female hormones. It’s taken to replace the estrogen the body stops making after menopause, which is when periods stop for good. This therapy most often is used to treat common menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal discomfort. Menopause hormone therapy used to be called hormone replacement therapy. […] Menopause hormone therapy also has been shown to prevent bone loss and reduce broken bones after menopause. […] For best results, menopause hormone therapy should be tailored to each person. You also should review your use of hormone therapy regularly with your healthcare professional to make sure the benefits still outweigh the risks. […] The benefits of menopause hormone therapy may outweigh the risks if you start treatment before age 60, or within 10 years of menopause. You also may benefit from menopause hormone therapy if you’re healthy and you:

• #99 Treatment-induced menopause | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/treatment-induced-menopause

  Menopause is when the ovaries stop making estrogen and you have not had a menstrual period for at least 12 months. Menopause usually happens around 50 years of age. Some cancer treatments cause menopause to occur earlier. This is called treatment-induced menopause. […] Treatments for treatment-induced menopause focus on relieving any symptoms and preventing or managing any chronic conditions as a result of menopause. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be prescribed if the cancer isn’t affected by hormones. HRT has both risks and benefits. Talk to your doctor about how it might be used to treat hot flashes. […] You may want to try herbal therapies to relieve symptoms of menopause. There isnt enough research to show that these remedies are safe or effective. Some herbal therapies can also interfere with treatments or may be harmful. Always check with your healthcare team before taking any herbal products.

• #100 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Women who smoke may reach menopause as many as two years before nonsmokers. They may also get more severe menopause symptoms. […] These treatments can damage your ovaries and cause your periods to stop forever or just for a while. […] A bilateral oophorectomy may cause menopausal symptoms right away. Your periods will stop after this surgery, and your hormone levels will drop quickly. You may have strong menopausal symptoms, like hot flashes and less sexual desire. […] Some women who have a hysterectomy can keep their ovaries. If this happens, you will no longer have periods, and you cannot get pregnant, but you are not menopausal. […] Women with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have extreme tiredness, weakness, muscle and joint pain, memory loss, headache, unrefreshing sleep, and other symptoms. Research has found that women with ME/CFS are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #101 How to deal with Premature and Early Menopause?

  https://www.nirvahealth.com/blog/premature-and-early-menopause

  Women do not menstruate throughout their lives. […] Yes. […] What can cause early or premature menopause? […] There are numerous causes of early or premature menopause. […] Surgeries that require the removal of ovaries or uterus are one of the leading causes of early or premature menopause in women. Chemotherapy and radiation can also cause premature or early menopause. […] Some medications like alkylating agents, methotrexate, actinomycin and adriamycin can mess with your ovaries. […] Genetic disorders like Turner’s syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Ovarian dysgenesis etc., are some of the causes of early or premature menopause. […] In autoimmune conditions, your immune system mistakenly attacks your cells. There are chances it can attack the body’s hormone-producing organs as well. Ovaries can also get attacked in the process leading to the dysfunction of ovaries and, thus, premature or early menopause.

• #102 Early menopause | Sexuality and cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/sex/women/menopausal-symptoms

  An early menopause happens in women who are under 45. If you have your menopause under 40 years, this is called premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). […] Some cancer treatments can cause an early menopause. These include: surgery to remove the ovaries, radiotherapy to the pelvis, drugs that block or lower the amount of hormones in the body (hormone therapy), chemotherapy. […] Early menopause due to cancer treatment can be a shock. It can feel physically and emotionally overwhelming. It can cause difficult symptoms as well as affect your sex life and sexuality. […] Your doctor might suggest that you try other things first, such as non hormonal medicines. But they may offer HRT if your symptoms are severe. […] Depending on your age, your doctor might recommend you have treatment to replace the hormones you would normally produce. This might be the case even if you don’t feel that your menopausal symptoms are too bad.

• #103 Early menopause | Sexuality and cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/sex/women/menopausal-symptoms

  For younger women, the health benefits of hormone replacement generally outweigh the risks. For example, HRT or the combined contraceptive pill can help to prevent bone and heart problems that an early menopause can cause. […] Talk to your doctor if your menopausal symptoms are severe. They can discuss the risks and benefits of HRT in your situation.

• #104 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Women who smoke may reach menopause as many as two years before nonsmokers. They may also get more severe menopause symptoms. […] These treatments can damage your ovaries and cause your periods to stop forever or just for a while. […] A bilateral oophorectomy may cause menopausal symptoms right away. Your periods will stop after this surgery, and your hormone levels will drop quickly. You may have strong menopausal symptoms, like hot flashes and less sexual desire. […] Some women who have a hysterectomy can keep their ovaries. If this happens, you will no longer have periods, and you cannot get pregnant, but you are not menopausal. […] Women with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have extreme tiredness, weakness, muscle and joint pain, memory loss, headache, unrefreshing sleep, and other symptoms. Research has found that women with ME/CFS are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #105 Premature and early menopause | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/menopause/premature-early-menopause

  Talk to your doctor about how to manage menopausal symptoms and reduce the risk of other health problems. […] If you have menopause due to surgery, your levels of oestrogen and testosterone hormones will suddenly drop, causing symptoms to be more severe than normal. […] Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) can be an effective way to manage your symptoms, but it may not be an option for some women, for example, if you have a hormone-sensitive cancer. If this is the case, you can explore other options such as non-hormone treatments and medicines. Talk to your doctor about the options and the risks and benefits of each.

• #106 Essential Guide to Premature and Early Menopause – Stella

  https://www.onstella.com/the-latest/your-body/the-essential-guide-to-premature-and-early-menopause/

  While menopause is generally seen as a rite of passage for older women, some will find it turns up much earlier than expected and as a shock. For those who go through early menopause, hot flushes, sleepless nights and unpredictable periods can appear alongside the other challenges of being in your 20s or 30s. […] How is early menopause treated? […] Women with premature menopause may be able to be treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) depending on your medical history and lifestyle. Your doctor will be able to help you decide on the best type of HRT to suit your lifestyle and needs. When it comes to HRT, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and you may need to try a few different types before finding the best treatment for you. […] If you have gone through early menopause due to surgical treatment, you may need higher doses of oestrogen to control your symptoms.

• #107 How to deal with Premature and Early Menopause?

  https://www.nirvahealth.com/blog/premature-and-early-menopause

  Women do not menstruate throughout their lives. […] Yes. […] What can cause early or premature menopause? […] There are numerous causes of early or premature menopause. […] Surgeries that require the removal of ovaries or uterus are one of the leading causes of early or premature menopause in women. Chemotherapy and radiation can also cause premature or early menopause. […] Some medications like alkylating agents, methotrexate, actinomycin and adriamycin can mess with your ovaries. […] Genetic disorders like Turner’s syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Ovarian dysgenesis etc., are some of the causes of early or premature menopause. […] In autoimmune conditions, your immune system mistakenly attacks your cells. There are chances it can attack the body’s hormone-producing organs as well. Ovaries can also get attacked in the process leading to the dysfunction of ovaries and, thus, premature or early menopause.

• #108 Early or premature menopause | Office on Women’s Health

  https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause

  Menopause that happens before age 40 is called premature menopause (which is also medically called primary ovarian insufficiency [POI]). Menopause that happens between 40 and 45 is called early menopause. About 5% of women naturally go through early menopause. Smoking and certain medicines or treatments can cause menopause to come earlier than usual. […] Women who have gone through early or premature menopause cannot get pregnant using their own eggs. […] Early or premature menopause can happen on their own for no clear reason, or they can happen because of certain surgeries, medicines, or health conditions. […] Reasons for early or premature menopause can include: Family history. Women with a family history of early or premature menopause are more likely to have early or premature menopause.

• #109 Management of menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10665088/

  Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. It can be offered to symptomatic patients with no contraindications following an individualised discussion about the risk of harms versus benefits. […] Menopausal hormone therapy is recommended for women with premature ovarian insufficiency (menopause occurring before 40 years of age) regardless of symptoms, unless contraindicated. […] Women with premature ovarian insufficiency require comprehensive assessment and management. MHT is recommended regardless of symptoms (unless contraindicated) until the usual age of menopause, to reduce the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. […] MHT is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. […] Other established benefits of MHT include improved quality of life, and prevention of osteoporosis and, potentially, cardiovascular disease.

• #110

  https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20151124/experts-dispel-myths-surrounding-early-menopause-and-risks-of-hormone-therapy

  Young womens bodies expect to have estrogen, Erica T. Wang, MD, MAS, a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Cedars-Sinai, told Endocrine Today. […] Debate continues about how long women should be on HT. The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) recommends 5 years or less of estrogen-progestin treatment in women with a uterus, but the length of time can be individualized for each woman, and younger women in particular may need to be on treatment longer. […] Regardless of whether a woman going through early menopause is experiencing distressing symptoms, such as hot flashes, she should be treated with HT if it is the best option for her, Thacker said. […] Most importantly, women with premature menopause should understand that the findings of the WHI, in terms of the balance of benefits and risk of HT, do not apply to their situation, Manson said.

• #111 Hormone Therapy in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/05/hormone-therapy-in-primary-ovarian-insufficiency

  In women with primary ovarian insufficiency, systemic hormone therapy (HT) is an effective approach to treat the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and mitigate long-term health risks if there are no contraindications to treatment. […] Hormone therapy is indicated to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and urogenital atrophy and to improve the quality of life of women with primary ovarian insufficiency. […] As a first-line approach, HT (either orally or transdermally) that achieves replacement levels of estrogen is recommended. […] Treatment for all women with primary ovarian insufficiency should continue until the average age of natural menopause is reached (age 5051 years). […] In contrast to the treatment of postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis, which focuses on bisphosphonates as first-line therapy, low bone mass in women with primary ovarian insufficiency is managed most appropriately with HT.

• #112 Different Approaches to Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency – GREM – Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology & Metabolism

  https://gremjournal.com/journal/03-2021/different-approaches-to-hormone-replacement-therapy-in-women-with-premature-ovarian-insufficiency/

  In addition to HRT, which is recommended for all women without contraindications to hormonal therapy, women with POI should substitute vitamin D3 and maintain a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet. […] HRT has multifactorial significance for affected patients. In contrast to hormone administration after natural menopause, POI patients are treated for true hormone deficiency. […] For this purpose, HRT should be provided from the time of diagnosis until at least the age of natural menopause, and can be prescribed thereafter based on the individual wishes of the patient. […] The current IMS white paper recommends a higher dose of estrogen than is intended for natural menopausal therapy. […] Patients with POI benefit greatly from HRT. An HRT regimen that mimics natural ovarian hormone production and achieves physiologic estrogen levels should be chosen until the age of natural menopause. […] HRT attenuates menopausal symptoms, maintains or increases bone density, alleviates psychological sequelae, and reduces the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

• #113 Early Menopause and Fertility: 5 Key Strategies for Success

  https://rmanetwork.com/blog/early-menopause-expert-fertility-solutions/

  While natural conception might be challenging with early menopause, several fertility treatments can pave the way for potential parenthood: […] Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): While HRT doesn’t directly aid in fertility, it plays a vital role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy, especially when using treatments like IVF with donor eggs. […] It’s important to discuss the benefits and risks of initiating HRT with your provider so that a personalized treatment plan can be made based on your risk factors. […] ACOG’s guidelines further clarify that systemic HRT is the most effective therapy for vasomotor symptoms. They recommend individualized treatment, using the lowest effective dose, and local therapy for vaginal symptoms only.

• #114 Treatment for symptoms of the menopause | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/treatment-for-symptoms-of-the-menopause/

  If menopause happens before the age of 40 years, it is called premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency. […] Treatment for premature menopause involves the replacement of hormones in the form of either HRT or the combined oral contraceptive pill. Both are effective in treating hot flushes and keeping your bones strong. […] It is important for you to continue the treatment at least until the average age of natural menopause. By taking HRT, you are simply replacing the hormones your body is lacking, and so there are no added risks.

• #115 Early and premature menopause

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/early-premature-menopause/

  Early or premature menopause can happen by itself or as a side effect of some treatments. […] You’ll usually be prescribed medicine to treat early or premature menopause. This medicine helps to replace your missing hormones. […] This is usually hormone replacement therapy (HRT). But sometimes it may be the combined contraceptive pill. […] You may be advised to stay on this treatment until you are around age 51. This is when natural menopause usually happens. This is to lower your risk of developing problems such as osteoporosis (weak bones) and cardiovascular disease. […] You may not be able to have hormonal treatment if you’ve had certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This is because there is a higher risk of the cancer coming back. […] Your GP may refer you to a specialist complex menopause clinic.

• #116 Management of menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10665088/

  Women starting on MHT must be warned about adverse effects, including nausea and breast tenderness. […] Women prescribed cyclic MHT should expect a regular vaginal bleed at the end of the progestogen phase. […] There is no maximal duration of MHT defined. […] For most women younger than 60 years, or within 10 years of menopause, the risks of MHT are low and outweighed by the benefits. […] The Womens Health Initiative trials found the combination preparation of conjugated equine estrogens+medroxyprogesterone acetate was associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer. […] Nonhormonal drugs may be useful for women with contraindications to MHT (see Box 3) or who do not wish to take MHT.

• #117 Early or premature menopause – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/early-or-premature-menopause/

  The main treatments for early or premature menopause are medicines such as the combined contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to replace the hormones that are at low levels. […] It’s important to replace missing hormones if you’ve started menopause before the age of 45 because there’s a higher chance of getting problems with your bones and heart. […] But if you’ve had certain types of cancer, such as certain types of breast cancer, you may not be able to have hormone treatments. […] If these treatments and making lifestyle changes do not help and you’re still getting symptoms, you can be referred to a specialist menopause centre.

• #118 Recommendations | Menopause: identification and management | Guidance | NICE

  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng23/chapter/recommendations

  Psychological support for early menopause […] Offer psychological support to people who are experiencing early menopause (that is, menopause between the ages of 40 and 44) and are distressed by their diagnosis or its consequences. If needed, refer them to psychology services. […] When discussing HRT as a treatment option for menopause-associated symptoms, explain that, overall, taking either combined HRT or oestrogen-only HRT is unlikely to affect life expectancy. […] When discussing HRT as a treatment option, explain to people experiencing early menopause that, for them, the benefits and risks of either taking or not taking HRT are likely to lie between those for people with premature ovarian insufficiency and those for people aged 45 or over. […] Offer sex steroid replacement with a choice of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or a combined hormonal contraceptive to people with premature ovarian insufficiency, unless contraindicated (for example, in people with hormone-sensitive cancer). […] Explain to people with premature ovarian insufficiency: the importance of starting hormonal treatment either with HRT or a combined hormonal contraceptive and continuing treatment until at least the age of natural menopause (unless contraindicated).

• #119 Premature ovarian insufficiency – British Menopause Society

  https://thebms.org.uk/publications/consensus-statements/premature-ovarian-insufficiency/

  Premature ovarian insufficiency […] Systemic sex steroid hormone replacement is effective for the management of menopausal symptoms in women with POI and topical estrogen preparations are effective for the management of symptoms related to urogenital atrophy. […] Women with POI should be advised to take hormone replacement and continue to do so until the natural age of the menopause in the absence of a contra-indication to minimise this risk. The aim of hormone replacement in women with POI should be to achieve physiological levels of estradiol. […] HRT and the combined oral contraceptive pill containing ethinyl estradiol would both be suitable options for hormone replacement, although HRT may be more beneficial in improving bone health and cardiovascular markers compared to the combined oral contraceptive pill. […] Sex steroid hormone replacement should be considered the preferred choice of treatment for the prevention and management of osteoporosis in women with POI. […] Further research is required to assess the optimal regimen, dose or route of administration of hormone replacement in women with POI.

• #120 Different Approaches to Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency – GREM – Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology & Metabolism

  https://gremjournal.com/journal/03-2021/different-approaches-to-hormone-replacement-therapy-in-women-with-premature-ovarian-insufficiency/

  In addition to HRT, which is recommended for all women without contraindications to hormonal therapy, women with POI should substitute vitamin D3 and maintain a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet. […] HRT has multifactorial significance for affected patients. In contrast to hormone administration after natural menopause, POI patients are treated for true hormone deficiency. […] For this purpose, HRT should be provided from the time of diagnosis until at least the age of natural menopause, and can be prescribed thereafter based on the individual wishes of the patient. […] The current IMS white paper recommends a higher dose of estrogen than is intended for natural menopausal therapy. […] Patients with POI benefit greatly from HRT. An HRT regimen that mimics natural ovarian hormone production and achieves physiologic estrogen levels should be chosen until the age of natural menopause. […] HRT attenuates menopausal symptoms, maintains or increases bone density, alleviates psychological sequelae, and reduces the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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