Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Premature & Early Menopause: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21138-premature-and-early-menopause

  Premature menopause and early menopause are conditions where a woman goes through menopause at an earlier age than is typically expected. […] Early menopause (menopause before 45) occurs in about 5% of women. Premature menopause (menopause before 40) happens in about 1% of women. […] Many of the causes of premature menopause can also be causes of early menopause. Some of these reasons include cancer treatment, surgery or certain health conditions. […] Most causes of early menopause are beyond your control. Smoking cigarettes is the only lifestyle factor that may cause early menopause. You can reduce your risk of menopause by quitting smoking. […] People who go through menopause early tend to have more severe symptoms of menopause. These symptoms can lead to sexual dysfunction or loss of intimacy.

• #1 Perimenopause: Age, Stages, Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21608-perimenopause

  Certain factors are linked to early perimenopause. These include: […] Smoking or using tobacco products. People who use these products regularly tend to go into menopause about one to two years earlier than people who dont. […] A family history of early menopause. […] A history of cancer treatment. […] If youve had surgery to remove your uterus (hysterectomy) or ovaries (oophorectomy).

• #1 Premature Menopause Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/premature-menopause

  There’s no known way to prevent premature menopause/POI, but you can take steps to boost your overall health. […] Eating a balanced, whole-food diet, exercising regularly, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, getting adequate sleep (seven to nine hours per night), and not smoking will help protect your bones, brain, and heart the body systems POI may impact most. […] Hormonal treatments may be used for the symptoms associated with premature menopause and for long-term prevention of: […] Anxiety […] Dementia […] Depression […] Heart disease […] Osteoporosis […] Sexual dysfunction.

• #1

  https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19974150/early-menopause-prevention/

  Smoking is one of the few things that is known to induce early menopause, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. […] Minimizing your exposure as much as possible to these chemicals can’t hurt and may help maintain your delicate hormone balance, she says. […] Alcohol likely doesn’t induce early menopause on its own but drinking too much can perhaps trigger it if you have other risk factors, says Carolina Sueldo, M.D., ob-gyn at IVF Florida Reproductive Associates. […] The more extreme you are on either end of the weight spectrum, the more likely it is to trigger early menopause. […] Once premature ovarian failure has begun it can be hard to stop but there is one big gun left in the medical arsenal: hormone replacement therapy. […] Talk to your doctor about your risks and if this is a good option for you.

• #1 Is it possible to delay menopause? | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/it-possible-delay-menopause

  Going through menopause early (which typically means around age 45 or younger) can have some important impacts on your health. Estrogen is thought to have protective qualities that can help keep your bones, heart and brain healthy. […] While later menopause may be healthier overall thanks to the protective effects of estrogen, there are some downsides: More years of exposure to estrogen can increase your risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. […] Some factors that might help delay menopause include: Breastfeeding your baby: Some research has suggested a link between breastfeeding for 7 to 12 months and lower risk of early menopause. Getting regular exercise: Physical activity can impact hormonal balance. Exercising several days a week may help you better manage the menopausal transition. Not smoking: Research has shown that women who smoke are more likely to go through menopause early than women who dont smoke. Eating a healthy diet: There is some evidence that a diet thats rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fats may delay menopause. One theory is that those nutrients may protect the eggs in the ovaries and help preserve them for longer.

• #1 Prevention of Early Menopause – ALBGTC Med

  https://albgtc.com/prevention-of-early-menopause/

  Early menopause, also known as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), occurs when a womans ovaries stop functioning before the age of 40. […] While not all cases can be avoided, there are steps women can take to preserve ovarian health and delay menopause. Heres how: […] Nutrition plays a significant role in hormonal balance and ovarian health. […] Both underweight and overweight women are at risk of hormonal imbalances that can affect ovarian function. […] Physical activity boosts overall health and supports hormonal regulation. […] Smoking accelerates ovarian aging and damages eggs, leading to earlier menopause. Quitting not only preserves ovarian health but also improves overall fertility and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. […] Chronic stress disrupts the delicate balance of reproductive hormones, potentially affecting ovarian function.

• #1 GnRH Agonists Demonstrate Utility in Preventing Premature Menopause in Women With Breast Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/gnrh-agonists-demonstrate-utility-in-preventing-premature-menopause-in-women-with-breast-cancer

  The use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for ovarian suppression has become a more go-to treatment strategy to proactively help women with breast cancer from experiencing premature menopause. […] Ovarian suppression was cited as an option for young women with breast cancer to reduce the incidence of ovarian insufficiency caused by chemotherapy toxicity. […] The goal is to reduce estrogen when you are treating patients with breast cancer for hormone sensitive breast cancer. When you are trying to preserve ovarian function, the goal is to stop ovulation. […] GnRH agonists have been evaluated for efficacy and safety in patients with breast cancer in several trials, however the only trial to date that reported number of pregnancies as a preplanned end point was the phase 3 POEMS trial.

• #1 Temporary Ovarian Suppression in the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Premature Menopause in Early-stage Breast Cancer Patients – touchONCOLOGY

  https://touchoncology.com/breast-cancer/journal-articles/temporary-ovarian-suppression-in-the-prevention-of-chemotherapy-induced-premature-menopause-in-early-stage-breast-cancer-patients/

  Infertility and premature menopause are possible side effects of chemotherapy in young women with breast cancer and can affect their compliance to treatment. There is a lot of interest in maintaining ovarian function after chemotherapy in order to ensure fertility and delay the symptoms of early menopause. […] The use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, administered in combination with chemotherapy to protect ovarian reserve against cytotoxic damage, is one of the approaches that has been evaluated, although the rationale for its use is based mainly on hypothesis. […] The use of GnRH analogues to prevent premature ovarian failure and infertility has been evaluated in several studies from which are derived conflicting results. […] The possibility of administering a GnRH analogue to prevent chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage is attractive, although the data are derived only from studies in animal models.

• #1 Temporary Ovarian Suppression in the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Premature Menopause in Early-stage Breast Cancer Patients – touchONCOLOGY

  https://touchoncology.com/breast-cancer/journal-articles/temporary-ovarian-suppression-in-the-prevention-of-chemotherapy-induced-premature-menopause-in-early-stage-breast-cancer-patients/

  The findings are consistent with those published by Munster in 2012. […] The role of temporary ovarian suppression with the administration of the GnRH analogue during chemotherapy has been evaluated in several studies from which are derived conflicting results. […] Despite the attractiveness of the use of GnRH analogue in preventing ovarian failure for many advantages (simplicity in administration, no significant side effects, non-invasive method and the relatively low cost of the therapy), the question regarding its effectiveness, especially as method of fertility preservation, is still not resolved.

• #1 Early Menopause due to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy – Australasian Menopause Society

  https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/early-menopause-due-to-chemotherapy-radiotherapy

  Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)/ failure (premature menopause) is loss of ovarian function before age 40 years. Early menopause is menopause before age 45 years. […] Currently there is no reliable biochemical predictor of menopause. […] The most effective and established means of preserving fertility in young women are oocyte and embryo cryopreservation prior to starting treatment. Treatment with GnRH agonists can decrease the risk of POI but impact on fertility is less clear. […] The incidence of temporary amenorrhoea or early menopause after chemotherapy or radiotherapy varies according to the age of the person, pubertal status, her existing ovarian reserve, type of chemotherapy, radiotherapy field and the cumulative dose of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] Use of adjuvant gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) with chemotherapy is associated with increased recovery of menstruation and a 44% decreased risk of POI.

• #1 Premature & Early Menopause: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21138-premature-and-early-menopause

  Additionally, people who experience premature or early menopause spend more years without the benefits of estrogen. Without typical amounts of estrogen, you’re at greater risk for certain health conditions like osteoporosis, heart disease, depression, and various neurological diseases like dementia and Parkinson’s disease. […] Talk to your healthcare provider if you’re under 45 and have signs of menopause like irregular periods, spotting between periods, hot flashes or vaginal dryness. Your provider can order blood work and discuss your health history to help diagnose these conditions. Treatment is available to give you relief from unpleasant symptoms of menopause.

• #1 Premature and early menopause | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/premature-and-early-menopause

  It’s recommended that people who have premature or early menopause take menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) to reduce the risk of health conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease. […] People with premature or early menopause have lower levels of oestrogen, which can increase the risk of health conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease. […] Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or the oral contraceptive pill can help to reduce these risks. These treatments should be taken until the expected age of menopause. […] If you cannot take hormone therapy (e.g. you have a history of breast cancer), your doctor will discuss your situation and recommend other treatments.

• #1 Health implications and management of early estrogen loss – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/health-implications-and-management-of-early-estrogen-loss/

  Multiple etiologies are associated with the early loss of ovarian function. Women who experience premature or early menopause, irrespective of cause, are at increased risk for long-term health consequences. These include adverse effects on cognition, mood, overall mortality, and bone, cardiovascular, and sexual health. […] Irrespective of cause, women who experience early loss of estrogen are at increased risk for long-term health risks when compared to women who enter menopause at the average age. These include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, depression, sexual dysfunction, and overall mortality. […] Observational data suggest that HT lowers the long-term morbidities associated with early estrogen loss. […] The use of HT for prevention of bone loss in women with early menopause has been supported by multiple clinical studies. […] Current clinical guidelines recommend the use of HT in young menopausal women ( 45 years) even in the absence of symptoms. […] It is important for clinicians to underscore the importance of HRT in mitigating disease risk and mortality rates in women with early estrogen loss.

• #1 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  Unless there’s a reason a woman can’t safely take hormones, medical experts recommend menopausal hormonal therapy for women going through premature or early menopause. […] The risks of MHT are very small for younger, healthy women who don’t have contraindications against taking it and are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms, Dr. Pal says. […] Women with early menopause before age 40 without a history of breast cancer risk can take hormone therapy until the typical age of menopause at 51 if there is no reason not to take it.

• #1 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  HT is recommended for women with POI until the usual age of menopause for primary prevention to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality, whether there are estrogen deficiency symptoms or not. […] The guideline group recommends that women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle (including avoiding smoking, having a healthy diet and regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight range) to reduce cardiovascular risk. […] The guideline group recommends that HCPs consider screening for sarcopenia at POI diagnosis. […] The guideline group recommends that women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle (including healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding smoking, and maintaining normal body weight) to aid muscle health. […] The guideline group recommends that HCPs and women should be aware that compounded bioidentical preparations of estrogen and progesterone are not recommended due to lack of data regarding efficacy and safety.

• #1 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  The guideline group recommends that HCPs should enquire about use of complementary therapies and incorporate individual patient values and preferences into shared decision making about their use. […] Women should be aware that a healthy lifestyle, including physical activity, has metabolic and heart benefits in the general population including postmenopausal women, although specific evidence on lifestyle interventions in POI is limited. […] The guideline group recommends women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle to improve their overall well-being and mitigate the risk of potential complications.

• #1 Considerations in Premature Menopause: A Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11490301/

  A calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet is essential for preserving bone health in women with POI. […] Estrogen plays a significant role in maintaining bone density. Therefore, women with POI are at increased risk of osteoporosis. […] Psychological support, such as counseling or attending support groups, can help women manage the emotional issues connected with POI. […] Considering the long-term health sequelae of POI, the focus must be on decreasing its incidence. […] For women with POI or early menopause, HRT is crucial for managing symptoms, preserving bone density, and reducing risks of cardiovascular disease and dementia.

• #1 Premature Menopause Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/cardiovascular/journal.aspx?id=1507

  In a very large cohort of postmenopausal women, natural and surgical menopause before age 40 were associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of a composite of cardiovascular diseases […] Premature menopause was also associated with a significantly greater incidence of certain individual cardiovascular diseases, as well as incident hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes […] These results suggest the need for early lifestyle modification to mitigate the long-term risk for cardiovascular disease associated with premature menopause […] A history of premature menopause thus suggests a need for „primordial prevention”the use of targeted nonpharmacologic strategies to reduce the onset of modifiable risk factors […] The study results also have implications for prescribing statins. ACC/AHA guidelines recommend considering premature menopause when making decisions about statin prescription, but only when menopause occurred before age 40

• #1 Age of menopause, healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular disease in women: a prospective cohort study | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/111/6/262

  Menopause is a timely opportunity to screen for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and intervene with healthier lifestyles. […] Women with premature/early menopause are at higher likelihood for CVD. Lifestyle modification is associated with consistent reduction of the likelihood of CVD in women and should be encouraged across the life course. […] Menopause is a timely opportunity to screen women, especially those with early menopause, for cardiovascular health and promote healthy lifestyle initiatives across the life course. […] Women with premature and early menopause, before the age of 40 and 45 years, respectively, are at an increased likelihood of CVD. This increased likelihood of CVD is significantly reduced in all women adhering to a healthy lifestyle. The menopause change offers an ideal time to screen women for cardiovascular risk factors and intervene with healthy lifestyle advice.

• #1

  https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19974150/early-menopause-prevention/

  These simple tweaks might make a big difference. […] For 1 percent of women the dreaded change comes much earlier before age 40. The technical term for this early menopause is premature ovarian failure or insufficiency and its characterized by hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, sexual issues, vaginal dryness, pain during sex, pelvic floor disorders (urine, bowel leakage, pelvic organ prolapse), losing bone mass, and mood swings. […] While age of menopause (including early menopause) is mostly predetermined by your genes, there are some things you can do that can possibly delay it or at least help lessen the symptoms. […] Make an appointment to talk to your doctor about your personal risk factors to develop a plan to mitigate as many of them as you can, Ross advises. […] Exercising is one of the best things you can do to help delay perimenopause as activity helps regulate hormones and maintain normal levels of body fat, Ross explains.

• #1 Premature Menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3634232/

  Premature menopause affects 1% of women under the age of 40 years. […] There is need to use simplified protocols and improved techniques in oocyte donation to achieve pregnancy and mother a baby in those women at risk. […] Hormone replacement therapy is beneficial to adverse consequences of premature menopause. […] Public enlightenment and education is important tool to save those at risk. […] It is good practice to recommend oestrogen replacement therapy for women with premature menopause. […] There is some evidence that restoring normal oestrogen levels will reduce the later development of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and possibly dementia. […] Hormone replacement therapy is the corner stone in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. […] Premature menopause is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and angina and the risk increases with an earlier age of ovarian failure.

• #1 Women with early periods at increased risk of early or premature menopause – UQ News – The University of Queensland, Australia

  https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2017/01/women-early-periods-increased-risk-of-early-or-premature-menopause

  Rather than being fatalistic about it, women who began puberty early can be empowered by this knowledge; they can talk to their GPs and take action early to improve their health outcomes in later life. […] Professor Mishra said study findings would allow health practitioners to consider womens reproductive history alongside factors such as smoking in order to prepare women for the possibility of early menopause. […] Those women most at risk of chronic disease may also benefit from prevention strategies and monitoring earlier in life, she said.

• #1 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to women’s health, with far-reaching implications, both physically and emotionally. […] Although hormone therapy (HT) can mitigate some of these effects, many questions still remain regarding the optimal management of POI. […] The guideline group recommends that in view of the long-term health consequences of POI, efforts should be made to reduce the risk of POI. Modifiable factors may include: gynaecological surgical practice, lifestyle factors such as smoking, treatment regimens for malignant and chronic diseases. […] The guideline group recommends that women with risk factors for POI are identified and counselled regarding POI risk and fertility preservation. […] Women with POI should be informed that POI without HT is associated with reduced life expectancy, largely due to cardiovascular disease.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250430/Endometriosis-raises-the-risk-of-premature-menopause-in-women.aspx

  Women who suffer from endometriosis have an increased risk of premature and early menopause, both naturally and surgically, University of Queensland researchers have found. […] A comprehensive international study found women with endometriosis are at 7 times the risk of surgical menopause (involving the removal of both ovaries) and face a higher risk of premature menopause (before age 40) or early menopause (between ages 40-44). […] „Preventing or managing early or medically induced menopause requires a comprehensive understanding of its underlying causes and proactive measures to address the long-term health risks associated with it,” Professor Mishra said. […] „Women with endometriosis should be aware that they may be at increased risk of early or induced menopause, visit their GP regularly to check for chronic disease risk factors, and focus on prevention strategies,” she said.

• #2 Early and premature menopause | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/later-years-around-50-years-and-over/menopause-and-post-menopause-health/early-and-premature-menopause/

  Menopause before the age of 45 is called early menopause. Menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause. […] Premature menopause is estimated to affect 1% of women under the age of 40 years and 0.1% of women under the age of 30 years. […] Having an early or premature menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis (weak bones) and cardiovascular (heart) disease. It is believed that HRT can reduce these risks, as well as controlling menopausal symptoms. […] The current recommendation is that women experiencing an early or premature menopause should be offered hormonal therapy, unless there is a medical reason not to take it, and should continue until at least the average age of the menopause. By doing this, the hormones that would usually have been produced are being replaced.

• #2 Risk Factors of Early Menopause

  https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/risk

  Certain surgeries, missing chromosomes, autoimmune disorders, and specific medications may cause early menopause. […] Early menopause may also develop as a side effect among those who have cervical cancer surgery or pelvic surgery. […] Chemotherapy and pelvic radiation may increase your risk of premature menopause. […] An autoimmune disorder occurs when your immune system attacks your own body because it mistakes a part of it as harmful. […] According to the CDC, early menopause is more common in women with ME/CFS. […] The Office on Womens Health reports that those who smoke may start menopause as early as 2 years before those who dont smoke. […] Some medications reduce the amount of estrogen in your body (antiestrogenic agents). This may result in early menopause. […] Those living with HIV and who arent receiving proper treatment may enter menopause early.

• #2 Early and Premature Menopause: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

  https://bywinona.com/journal/early-premature-menopause?srsltid=AfmBOopldrSddes81srTB-f0w-dRX6iGMMrBchu26zFHy8s9f-yUNDE8

  Early menopause is primarily caused by factors beyond a person’s control, such as genetic conditions, autoimmune disorders, metabolic diseases, and infections, with no known way to entirely prevent these underlying causes. […] Smoking is the only modifiable risk factor linked to an earlier onset of menopause. Research shows that women who smoke are more likely to experience menopause one to two years earlier than non-smokers. The harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke accelerate ovarian aging and reduce estrogen production, increasing the likelihood of early menopause. […] While preventing early menopause may not always be possible, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing underlying health conditions, and avoiding smoking may help support overall reproductive health. For women at risk of premature menopause, early medical intervention and hormone therapy may help mitigate some of its long-term effects.

• #2 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to women’s health, with far-reaching implications, both physically and emotionally. […] Although hormone therapy (HT) can mitigate some of these effects, many questions still remain regarding the optimal management of POI. […] The guideline group recommends that in view of the long-term health consequences of POI, efforts should be made to reduce the risk of POI. Modifiable factors may include: gynaecological surgical practice, lifestyle factors such as smoking, treatment regimens for malignant and chronic diseases. […] The guideline group recommends that women with risk factors for POI are identified and counselled regarding POI risk and fertility preservation. […] Women with POI should be informed that POI without HT is associated with reduced life expectancy, largely due to cardiovascular disease.

• #2

  https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19974150/early-menopause-prevention/

  These simple tweaks might make a big difference. […] For 1 percent of women the dreaded change comes much earlier before age 40. The technical term for this early menopause is premature ovarian failure or insufficiency and its characterized by hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, sexual issues, vaginal dryness, pain during sex, pelvic floor disorders (urine, bowel leakage, pelvic organ prolapse), losing bone mass, and mood swings. […] While age of menopause (including early menopause) is mostly predetermined by your genes, there are some things you can do that can possibly delay it or at least help lessen the symptoms. […] Make an appointment to talk to your doctor about your personal risk factors to develop a plan to mitigate as many of them as you can, Ross advises. […] Exercising is one of the best things you can do to help delay perimenopause as activity helps regulate hormones and maintain normal levels of body fat, Ross explains.

• #2 GnRH Agonists Demonstrate Utility in Preventing Premature Menopause in Women With Breast Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/gnrh-agonists-demonstrate-utility-in-preventing-premature-menopause-in-women-with-breast-cancer

  The use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for ovarian suppression has become a more go-to treatment strategy to proactively help women with breast cancer from experiencing premature menopause. […] Ovarian suppression was cited as an option for young women with breast cancer to reduce the incidence of ovarian insufficiency caused by chemotherapy toxicity. […] The goal is to reduce estrogen when you are treating patients with breast cancer for hormone sensitive breast cancer. When you are trying to preserve ovarian function, the goal is to stop ovulation. […] GnRH agonists have been evaluated for efficacy and safety in patients with breast cancer in several trials, however the only trial to date that reported number of pregnancies as a preplanned end point was the phase 3 POEMS trial.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-014-3493-0

  The effect of GnRHa in the preservation of ovarian function during a modern chemotherapy is still under discussion. […] The POEM study demonstrated an increased resumption of ovarian function and pregnancy rate after using GnRHa. […] Even after POEMS, there is no additional clarity regarding preservation of ovarian function during chemotherapy by GnRHa.

• #2 Early and Premature Menopause: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

  https://bywinona.com/journal/early-premature-menopause?srsltid=AfmBOopldrSddes81srTB-f0w-dRX6iGMMrBchu26zFHy8s9f-yUNDE8

  For individuals experiencing POI or those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, fertility preservation can offer hope if they wish to conceive in the future. Options like egg freezing, embryo cryopreservation, or ovarian tissue preservation can make pregnancy possible later in life through assisted reproductive technology.

• #2 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  The earlier a woman reaches menopause (particularly before age 45), the more exposure she has to the negative health effects mentioned above. […] Early or premature menopause can have the same causes; the only difference between the two is the age at which it starts. […] A woman who is in menopause before age 45, especially if she has uncomfortable symptoms, should consider hormone therapy to make up for the extra years of lost estrogen and to relieve discomfort, Dr. Taylor says. […] Estrogen is important in preventing the health effects related to early and premature menopause. […] Notably, women who experience premature or early menopause have a higher risk of heart disease and osteoporosis because they will spend more years of their lives without the benefits of estrogen. […] Because of this, women who are going to use MHT should do so within six to 10 years of their last menstrual period, Dr. Minkin says.

• #2 Premature Menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3634232/

  Premature menopause affects 1% of women under the age of 40 years. […] There is need to use simplified protocols and improved techniques in oocyte donation to achieve pregnancy and mother a baby in those women at risk. […] Hormone replacement therapy is beneficial to adverse consequences of premature menopause. […] Public enlightenment and education is important tool to save those at risk. […] It is good practice to recommend oestrogen replacement therapy for women with premature menopause. […] There is some evidence that restoring normal oestrogen levels will reduce the later development of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and possibly dementia. […] Hormone replacement therapy is the corner stone in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. […] Premature menopause is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and angina and the risk increases with an earlier age of ovarian failure.

• #2 Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post menopausal women – British Menopause Society

  https://thebms.org.uk/publications/consensus-statements/prevention-and-treatment-of-osteoporosis-in-women/

  Oestrogen remains the treatment of choice for osteoporosis prevention in menopausal women, and especially in those with premature ovarian insufficiency. […] HRT reduces the risk of both spine and hip as well as other osteoporotic fractures.

• #2 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  The guideline group recommends that HCPs should enquire about use of complementary therapies and incorporate individual patient values and preferences into shared decision making about their use. […] Women should be aware that a healthy lifestyle, including physical activity, has metabolic and heart benefits in the general population including postmenopausal women, although specific evidence on lifestyle interventions in POI is limited. […] The guideline group recommends women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle to improve their overall well-being and mitigate the risk of potential complications.

• #2 Premature Menopause Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/premature-menopause

  There’s no known way to prevent premature menopause/POI, but you can take steps to boost your overall health. […] Eating a balanced, whole-food diet, exercising regularly, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, getting adequate sleep (seven to nine hours per night), and not smoking will help protect your bones, brain, and heart the body systems POI may impact most. […] Hormonal treatments may be used for the symptoms associated with premature menopause and for long-term prevention of: […] Anxiety […] Dementia […] Depression […] Heart disease […] Osteoporosis […] Sexual dysfunction.

• #2 Early menopause linked to higher risk of future coronary heart disease | American Heart Association

  https://newsroom.heart.org/news/early-menopause-linked-to-higher-risk-of-future-coronary-heart-disease

  Early-onset menopause (before the age of 40) was independently associated with higher long-term risk of developing coronary heart disease among both Black and white women. […] Women who are menopausal by the age of 40 had a 40% increased risk of developing coronary heart disease over their lifetime compared to women who did not go through early menopause. […] Among Black and white women, those who experienced premature menopause had a 40% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease over their lifetime, compared to those who did not experience premature menopause. This held true, even after adjusting for known cardiovascular disease risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. […] To mitigate this risk, clinicians need to start asking women about their menopause status earlier, Freaney said. If a woman experiences menopause before the age of 40, she should let her doctor know so they can be more proactive about optimizing her cardiovascular health such as weight management and blood pressure – throughout her mid-life years and preventing heart disease over the course of her lifetime. […] Monitoring womens health and lifestyle while integrating early intervention strategies for optimal cardiovascular health are important, especially during midlife and during menopause to help prevent heart disease.

• #2 Can You Prevent Early Menopause? – Chapel Hill Hormone TherapyAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset

  https://chapelhillhormonetherapy.com/can-you-prevent-early-menopause/

  While there is no guarantee you can prevent early menopause, you can manage symptoms by consulting a doctor that specializes in endocrinology, like a certified menopause practitioner. You can work with the doctor to come up with a plan that may include hormone replacement therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. Hormone therapy is usually recommended for premature and early menopause to protect the bones and heart.

• #2 Early Menopause and Fertility: 5 Key Strategies for Success

  https://rmanetwork.com/blog/early-menopause-expert-fertility-solutions/

  Embryo Adoption: This is an option for those open to adopting an embryo. Embryos created via IVF by other couples but not used are available for adoption. Once adopted, these embryos can be transferred to the recipients uterus, offering another pathway to pregnancy. […] Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): While HRT doesnt directly aid in fertility, it plays a vital role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy, especially when using treatments like IVF with donor eggs. […] Emotional Considerations […] The journey through early menopause and the pursuit of fertility treatments is as emotional as it is medical. Many women grapple with feelings of inadequacy, loss, or guilt. Its crucial to seek psychological counseling or support groups familiar with these unique challenges. This emotional support can be invaluable throughout a womans fertility journey.

• #2 Premature Menopause

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3634232/

  The most important approach in management of premature menopause is to identify the cause and institute treatment based on the cause. […] With ovulation induction or oocyte donation in IVF programmes, it is possible to achieve pregnancy. […] Women with premature menopause are at risk of premature death, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, angina and infertility. […] Public enlightenment and education is important tool to save those at risk.

• #2 Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (2024) | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | ASRM

  https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/evidence-based-guideline-premature-ovarian-insufficiency–2024/

  HT is recommended for women with POI until the usual age of menopause for primary prevention to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality, whether there are estrogen deficiency symptoms or not. […] The guideline group recommends that women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle (including avoiding smoking, having a healthy diet and regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight range) to reduce cardiovascular risk. […] The guideline group recommends that HCPs consider screening for sarcopenia at POI diagnosis. […] The guideline group recommends that women with POI should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle (including healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding smoking, and maintaining normal body weight) to aid muscle health. […] The guideline group recommends that HCPs and women should be aware that compounded bioidentical preparations of estrogen and progesterone are not recommended due to lack of data regarding efficacy and safety.

• #2 Early Menopause – CRE WHiRL

  https://whirlcre.edu.au/new-knowledge/early-menopause/

  Although menopause is a natural event in reproductive life, for 15-20% of women, menopause occurs earlier than expected and often as a result of medical treatment. […] More effective cancer therapies are seeing more cancer survivors with early menopause, with evidence suggesting prevention is possible. […] International guidelines recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT) until the age of natural menopause in premature ovarian insufficiency/early menopause for symptoms and long-term health, yet, there are considerable challenges with: […] This project aims to promote evidence-based practice regarding diagnosis, hormonal, non-hormonal and CAM treatment, as this is vital to inform women’s treatment choices, reduce practice variation, and improve outcomes.

• #3 Risk Factors of Early Menopause

  https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/risk

  Some cases of early menopause are unavoidable, such as genetics and genetic disorders. Other times, you can take steps to begin menopause closer to the expected age range. […] Tips include: Avoid smoking or speak with your doctor about a smoking cessation program. Exercise regularly, which can help you maintain a moderate weight and prevent obesity and menopause-related weight gain. Use natural skin care products that are free of hormones. Eat whole foods as much as possible (especially those rich in phytoestrogen), and avoid ultra-processed foods. […] Treating the underlying conditions, if any, may be part of your plan. Since symptoms are similar, you can typically use many of the same symptom management techniques as you would for natural menopause.

• #3 4 Things to Know About Early and Premature Menopause > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/early-and-premature-menopause

  Unless there’s a reason a woman can’t safely take hormones, medical experts recommend menopausal hormonal therapy for women going through premature or early menopause. […] The risks of MHT are very small for younger, healthy women who don’t have contraindications against taking it and are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms, Dr. Pal says. […] Women with early menopause before age 40 without a history of breast cancer risk can take hormone therapy until the typical age of menopause at 51 if there is no reason not to take it.

• #3 Early Menopause due to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy – Australasian Menopause Society

  https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/early-menopause-due-to-chemotherapy-radiotherapy

  The safety of becoming pregnant where a woman has had cancer or a severe medical illness is a decision she needs to consider after consultation with her treating doctors. […] For those women who have developed early menopause, some women decide to opt for a childfree life, others may want to adopt or foster children. […] Hormone (replacement) therapy (HRT) is recommended to relieve the symptoms of oestrogen deficiency. […] Early institution of HRT and continuation to at least until the age of natural menopause is recommended to assist cardiovascular risk reduction. […] Oestrogen therapy is effective at reducing bone loss in women with POI. […] A healthy lifestyle is important to maintain bone health. Women with early menopause should avoid smoking, engage in regular weight-bearing exercise, and ensure adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.

• #3 Women with early periods at increased risk of early or premature menopause – UQ News – The University of Queensland, Australia

  https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2017/01/women-early-periods-increased-risk-of-early-or-premature-menopause

  Rather than being fatalistic about it, women who began puberty early can be empowered by this knowledge; they can talk to their GPs and take action early to improve their health outcomes in later life. […] Professor Mishra said study findings would allow health practitioners to consider womens reproductive history alongside factors such as smoking in order to prepare women for the possibility of early menopause. […] Those women most at risk of chronic disease may also benefit from prevention strategies and monitoring earlier in life, she said.

• #3 Premature Menopause Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/premature-menopause

  There’s no known way to prevent premature menopause/POI, but you can take steps to boost your overall health. […] Eating a balanced, whole-food diet, exercising regularly, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, getting adequate sleep (seven to nine hours per night), and not smoking will help protect your bones, brain, and heart the body systems POI may impact most. […] Hormonal treatments may be used for the symptoms associated with premature menopause and for long-term prevention of: […] Anxiety […] Dementia […] Depression […] Heart disease […] Osteoporosis […] Sexual dysfunction.

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