Materiały źródłowe

• #1 EMS Management of Eye Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585131/

  In the United States (USA), approximately 7.5% of people suffer eye injuries at some point in their lifetime. […] Many eye injuries, even minor ones, will warrant some treatment, ranging from topical medications to invasive surgical intervention. […] When an injury occurs, it is essential to prevent further damage and obtain a timely assessment so that appropriate treatment is not delayed, as this may negatively and indelibly affect visual outcomes. […] Individuals with OGI require an emergent ophthalmological assessment to evaluate injuries and surgically repair them promptly. […] The amount of time that lapses between the initial exposure and irrigation significantly impacts the prognosis. […] Therefore, it is critical to perform large-volume irrigation with at least 1 liter of normal saline or Ringer’s lactate solution immediately.

• #2 Eye Injuries: Protect Your Eyes and Your Vision | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/eye-injuries-protect-your-eyes-and-your-vision

  Americans experience approximately 2.5 million eye injuries every year, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. […] However, eyesight is crucial. Most of our livelihoods depend on the ability to see well, and eye injuries can be sight-threatening and result in permanent vision loss if not treated. […] Unfortunately, few eye injuries can be treated at home, Dr. Haqqie says. If you wonder if you should visit an ophthalmologist, the answer is always yes. You can never be too careful when it comes to your eyes. […] Attempting to treat an eye injury at home can lead to further complications, such as: Infection, Scarring, Vision loss. […] Otherwise, the safest option is to seek care immediately. If something is lodged in your eye, leave it in place and contact an ophthalmologist or emergency room. If chemicals splash in your eyes, rinse them thoroughly with sterile water and have them evaluated by a health-care provider.

• #3

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  You can’t always tell when an eye is injured. Some injuries are only obvious when they get really serious. […] Eye injuries can cause vision loss or blindness. That’s why having an ophthalmologist or other medical doctor examine the eye as soon as possible is important, even if the injury seems minor at first. DO NOT attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself. […] If you’ve gotten metal, glass or other man-made materials in your eye, that can be more serious. These kinds of objects can become embedded in the surface of the eye and cause ongoing irritation and more damage. […] See a doctor or go to the emergency room as soon as possible if you can’t get the particles out of your eye or if it still feels like there’s something in your eye after you’ve gotten the material out. […] If a black eye, pain or visual disturbance occurs even after a light blow, immediately contact your ophthalmologist or emergency room. Even a light blow can cause a significant eye injury, like a retinal detachment.

• #4 Eye Injuries Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/symptom/eye-injuries/

  It’s common for a speck of dirt to get blown into your eye, for soap to wash into your eye, or for you to accidentally bump your eye. For these types of minor eye injuries, home treatment is usually all that’s needed. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. Vision changes include flashes of light (photopsia) and new floaters. Signs of infection include pain and blurred vision. […] Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms. […] Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner. […] There are a couple of ways to safely remove an object from the eye. […] Do not try to remove any object made of metal.

• #5

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=eyein

  It’s common for a speck of dirt to get blown into your eye, for soap to wash into your eye, or for you to bump your eye. For these types of minor eye injuries, home treatment is usually all that’s needed. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. Vision changes include flashes of light (photopsia) and new floaters. Signs of infection include pain and blurred vision. Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] You can prevent eye injuries by using protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when you work with power tools or chemicals. […] Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms. […] Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.

• #6 First Aid Treatment for Eye Injuries

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-injuries-treatment

  Call 911 if: […] An object such as a piece of glass or metal is sticking out of the eye. […] For Chemical Exposure: Don’t rub eyes. Immediately wash out the eye with lots of water. Use whatever is closest — water fountain, shower, garden hose. Get medical help while you are doing this, or after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous flushing. Don’t bandage the eye. […] For a Blow to the Eye: Apply a cold compress, but don’t put pressure on the eye. Take over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for pain. If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away. […] For a Foreign Particle in Eye: Don’t rub the eye. Pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If rinsing doesn’t help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.

• #7 How to Recognize and Treat Common Eye Injuries – Assil Gaur Eye Institute Blog

  https://assileye.com/blog/how-to-treat-common-eye-injuries/

  Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. Seek emergency medical treatment right away. […] Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. DO NOT touch, rub, or apply pressure to the eye. DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye. Do not apply ointment or medication to the eye. Over-the-counter eye drops can be more painful or make the injury worse. See a doctor as soon as possible. If you cant get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

• #8 First Aid Treatment for Eye Injuries

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-injuries-treatment

  Call 911 if: […] An object such as a piece of glass or metal is sticking out of the eye. […] For Chemical Exposure: Don’t rub eyes. Immediately wash out the eye with lots of water. Use whatever is closest — water fountain, shower, garden hose. Get medical help while you are doing this, or after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous flushing. Don’t bandage the eye. […] For a Blow to the Eye: Apply a cold compress, but don’t put pressure on the eye. Take over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for pain. If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away. […] For a Foreign Particle in Eye: Don’t rub the eye. Pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If rinsing doesn’t help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.

• #9 First Aid Treatment for Eye Injuries

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-injuries-treatment

  Call 911 if: […] An object such as a piece of glass or metal is sticking out of the eye. […] For Chemical Exposure: Don’t rub eyes. Immediately wash out the eye with lots of water. Use whatever is closest — water fountain, shower, garden hose. Get medical help while you are doing this, or after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous flushing. Don’t bandage the eye. […] For a Blow to the Eye: Apply a cold compress, but don’t put pressure on the eye. Take over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for pain. If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away. […] For a Foreign Particle in Eye: Don’t rub the eye. Pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If rinsing doesn’t help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.

• #10

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] DO NOT rinse with water. […] DO NOT remove any objects that are stuck in the eye. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. […] Seek emergency medical treatment right away. […] Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. […] See a doctor as soon as possible. […] If you can’t get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

• #11 How to Recognize and Treat Common Eye Injuries – Assil Gaur Eye Institute Blog

  https://assileye.com/blog/how-to-treat-common-eye-injuries/

  Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. Seek emergency medical treatment right away. […] Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. DO NOT touch, rub, or apply pressure to the eye. DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye. Do not apply ointment or medication to the eye. Over-the-counter eye drops can be more painful or make the injury worse. See a doctor as soon as possible. If you cant get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

• #12 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #13 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #14 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #15 Corneal Foreign Body Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1195581-treatment

  Management objectives include relieving pain, avoiding infection, and preventing permanent loss of visual function. […] Once a corneal foreign body has been successfully removed, medical therapy should be initiated. […] Topical antibiotic drops (eg, polymyxin B sulfate-trimethoprim [Polytrim], tobramycin [Tobrex] qid) or ointment (eg, bacitracin [AK-Tracin], ciprofloxacin [Ciloxan] qid) should be prescribed until the epithelial defect heals to prevent infection. […] A topical cycloplegic (cyclopentolate 1% qd/bid) can be considered for pain and photophobia, although a review of the literature shows that they are not effective. […] Topical steroids should be avoided in the acute phase, especially if the foreign body was of organic material. […] Pressure patch or bandage contact lens is best avoided (unless the epithelial defect is 10 mm2 and then bandage contact lens may be the better option).

• #16 Corneal Foreign Body Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1195581-treatment

  Management objectives include relieving pain, avoiding infection, and preventing permanent loss of visual function. […] Once a corneal foreign body has been successfully removed, medical therapy should be initiated. […] Topical antibiotic drops (eg, polymyxin B sulfate-trimethoprim [Polytrim], tobramycin [Tobrex] qid) or ointment (eg, bacitracin [AK-Tracin], ciprofloxacin [Ciloxan] qid) should be prescribed until the epithelial defect heals to prevent infection. […] A topical cycloplegic (cyclopentolate 1% qd/bid) can be considered for pain and photophobia, although a review of the literature shows that they are not effective. […] Topical steroids should be avoided in the acute phase, especially if the foreign body was of organic material. […] Pressure patch or bandage contact lens is best avoided (unless the epithelial defect is 10 mm2 and then bandage contact lens may be the better option).

• #17 Corneal Foreign Body Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1195581-treatment

  Management objectives include relieving pain, avoiding infection, and preventing permanent loss of visual function. […] Once a corneal foreign body has been successfully removed, medical therapy should be initiated. […] Topical antibiotic drops (eg, polymyxin B sulfate-trimethoprim [Polytrim], tobramycin [Tobrex] qid) or ointment (eg, bacitracin [AK-Tracin], ciprofloxacin [Ciloxan] qid) should be prescribed until the epithelial defect heals to prevent infection. […] A topical cycloplegic (cyclopentolate 1% qd/bid) can be considered for pain and photophobia, although a review of the literature shows that they are not effective. […] Topical steroids should be avoided in the acute phase, especially if the foreign body was of organic material. […] Pressure patch or bandage contact lens is best avoided (unless the epithelial defect is 10 mm2 and then bandage contact lens may be the better option).

• #18 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #19 Eye Injury (Corneal Abrasion): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/eye-injury-corneal-abrasion

  Most corneal abrasions heal in 24 to 48 hours. In the meantime, your child’s doctor or health care provider may suggest: […] Using antibiotic drops or ointment. […] With a severe abrasion, a bandage contact lens can be used to help with healing and reduce pain. […] Follow-up is very important. You will need to follow-up with your doctor or health care provider each day or as directed. If a corneal abrasion gets infected, it can become a corneal ulcer. This can damage the vision in the eye forever.

• #20 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #21 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Medical treatment generally includes: The doctor or nurse checks your vision. Once they find the foreign body, they gently remove it after numbing the eye with anaesthetic eye drops. If its central or deep, they will arrange for you to see an ophthalmologist (specialist eye doctor) to have it removed. Your eye may be washed with saline (sterile salt water) to flush out any dust and dirt. X-rays may be done to check whether an object has entered your eyeball or orbit. Your eye may be patched to allow it to rest and any scratches to heal. Patching the eye is not necessary, however some still do. You must not drive until the eye patch is removed and your vision has returned to normal. Your doctor may want to see you again to check that your eye is healing and that your vision is all right. You should not miss this appointment. If there are any serious problems, or a residual rust ring, you will be sent to an ophthalmologist. […] You may be advised to use drops or ointment to stop infection. Follow your doctors advice as to how often to put them in. You will need to continue the treatment until your eye has healed.

• #22 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Medical treatment generally includes: The doctor or nurse checks your vision. Once they find the foreign body, they gently remove it after numbing the eye with anaesthetic eye drops. If its central or deep, they will arrange for you to see an ophthalmologist (specialist eye doctor) to have it removed. Your eye may be washed with saline (sterile salt water) to flush out any dust and dirt. X-rays may be done to check whether an object has entered your eyeball or orbit. Your eye may be patched to allow it to rest and any scratches to heal. Patching the eye is not necessary, however some still do. You must not drive until the eye patch is removed and your vision has returned to normal. Your doctor may want to see you again to check that your eye is healing and that your vision is all right. You should not miss this appointment. If there are any serious problems, or a residual rust ring, you will be sent to an ophthalmologist. […] You may be advised to use drops or ointment to stop infection. Follow your doctors advice as to how often to put them in. You will need to continue the treatment until your eye has healed.

• #23 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Medical treatment generally includes: The doctor or nurse checks your vision. Once they find the foreign body, they gently remove it after numbing the eye with anaesthetic eye drops. If its central or deep, they will arrange for you to see an ophthalmologist (specialist eye doctor) to have it removed. Your eye may be washed with saline (sterile salt water) to flush out any dust and dirt. X-rays may be done to check whether an object has entered your eyeball or orbit. Your eye may be patched to allow it to rest and any scratches to heal. Patching the eye is not necessary, however some still do. You must not drive until the eye patch is removed and your vision has returned to normal. Your doctor may want to see you again to check that your eye is healing and that your vision is all right. You should not miss this appointment. If there are any serious problems, or a residual rust ring, you will be sent to an ophthalmologist. […] You may be advised to use drops or ointment to stop infection. Follow your doctors advice as to how often to put them in. You will need to continue the treatment until your eye has healed.

• #24

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  You can’t always tell when an eye is injured. Some injuries are only obvious when they get really serious. […] Eye injuries can cause vision loss or blindness. That’s why having an ophthalmologist or other medical doctor examine the eye as soon as possible is important, even if the injury seems minor at first. DO NOT attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself. […] If you’ve gotten metal, glass or other man-made materials in your eye, that can be more serious. These kinds of objects can become embedded in the surface of the eye and cause ongoing irritation and more damage. […] See a doctor or go to the emergency room as soon as possible if you can’t get the particles out of your eye or if it still feels like there’s something in your eye after you’ve gotten the material out. […] If a black eye, pain or visual disturbance occurs even after a light blow, immediately contact your ophthalmologist or emergency room. Even a light blow can cause a significant eye injury, like a retinal detachment.

• #25

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=eyein

  There are a couple of ways to safely remove an object from the eye. […] Do not try to remove any object made of metal. […] To remove a non-metal object that is on the surface of the eye or inside the eyelid: Wash your hands before you touch the eye. […] Ice and cold packs can reduce the pain, swelling, and bleeding of an injury. Cold therapy is usually used immediately after an injury. […] Call a doctor if any of the following occur during self-care at home: Vision changes, such as blurred vision, loss of vision, or double vision. […] If you are concerned that your eye symptoms may be more serious, you may need to check with your doctor.

• #26 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Many ocular burns can be adequately managed in the emergency department (ED). The emergency physician should consider at least a telephone consultation with an ophthalmologist for any patient with significant chemical eye exposure. Any serious thermal burn, any alkali chemical globe exposure, or any vision-threatening injury most likely warrants emergent ophthalmologic consultation. […] With a chemical injury, immediate initiation of copious irrigation has the greatest impact on prognosis. Irrigation also helps to clear any residual particulate matter from the eye. Delayed treatment may result in significant morbidity. […] When a patient presents to the ED with an ocular burn, it is important to assess the potential for coexisting life-threatening injuries. These may have to be addressed before or simultaneously with treatment of the eye. In particular, fire victims who have sustained ocular thermal burns must first have their airway and breathing evaluated. Alkali injuries to the face also may cause tracheal or esophageal burns.

• #27 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Eye injuries include bruises, punctures, burns and scratches. They can result from traumatic accidents, exposure to chemicals or foreign objects in your eye. An eye injury can damage your eye, causing eye pain and vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. While some eye injuries can heal at home, others need urgent treatment. […] For chemical injuries, flush immediately with water for 15 minutes, then seek emergency care. For all other injuries, consult a specialist before you try to treat them at home. If it seems minor, you can try calling first to find out if you should come in for a visit. Once a specialist has evaluated your injury or treated it, they might decide you can take care of it at home. Home care for recovering eye injuries might include:

• #28 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  Eye injuries are a common cause of emergency department attendances. Eye trauma should always be fully assessed, as penetrating eye injuries are otherwise easily missed but can rapidly lead to sight-threatening infections. […] Remember that trauma patients whose injuries include new vision problems may be restricted in their ability to co-operate with rehabilitative therapy. Consideration should be given to referring such patients to an ophthalmologist. […] A chemical burn needs urgent irrigation before pausing for history or examination. Manage immediately, using three „I”s: IRRIGATE, IRRIGATE and IRRIGATE. This may be the single most important factor in determining visual outcome. […] Refer the patient urgently while continuing irrigation. […] If an FB is present, do not remove it (this could cause prolapse of eye contents).

• #29 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  Eye injuries are a common cause of emergency department attendances. Eye trauma should always be fully assessed, as penetrating eye injuries are otherwise easily missed but can rapidly lead to sight-threatening infections. […] Remember that trauma patients whose injuries include new vision problems may be restricted in their ability to co-operate with rehabilitative therapy. Consideration should be given to referring such patients to an ophthalmologist. […] A chemical burn needs urgent irrigation before pausing for history or examination. Manage immediately, using three „I”s: IRRIGATE, IRRIGATE and IRRIGATE. This may be the single most important factor in determining visual outcome. […] Refer the patient urgently while continuing irrigation. […] If an FB is present, do not remove it (this could cause prolapse of eye contents).

• #30 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Topical antibiotics, pain relief, and tetanus immunization are required for all ocular burns. Some chemical and thermal burns may require nonpreserved lubricants. Adequate lubrication helps to prevent the formation of symblepharon (ie, adhesions of the eyelid to the eyeball). […] The most important treatment of chemical burns is extensive immediate irrigation. Sterile higher-osmotic solutions, such as amphoteric solution (Diphoterine; Prevor, Valmondois, France) or buffered solutions (eg, BSS Plus [Alcon, Fort Worth, TX] or lactated Ringer solution), are ideal. If these are not available, sterile isotonic saline is an appropriate irrigant. […] After irrigation, a thorough ophthalmologic examination is mandatory. If the injury is minor, the patient may be discharged with topical ophthalmic antibiotics, oral analgesics, and an eye patch. Follow-up evaluation should occur within 24 hours.

• #31 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Topical antibiotics, pain relief, and tetanus immunization are required for all ocular burns. Some chemical and thermal burns may require nonpreserved lubricants. Adequate lubrication helps to prevent the formation of symblepharon (ie, adhesions of the eyelid to the eyeball). […] The most important treatment of chemical burns is extensive immediate irrigation. Sterile higher-osmotic solutions, such as amphoteric solution (Diphoterine; Prevor, Valmondois, France) or buffered solutions (eg, BSS Plus [Alcon, Fort Worth, TX] or lactated Ringer solution), are ideal. If these are not available, sterile isotonic saline is an appropriate irrigant. […] After irrigation, a thorough ophthalmologic examination is mandatory. If the injury is minor, the patient may be discharged with topical ophthalmic antibiotics, oral analgesics, and an eye patch. Follow-up evaluation should occur within 24 hours.

• #32 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  For more severe burns, particularly alkali burns, hospitalization is necessary. The patient will require topical ophthalmic antibiotics, pain medication, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If secondary glaucoma develops, the patient will require ocular pressure-lowering medication. Inpatient treatment in a burn center is required for patients with more severe burns or alkali burns. […] Active surgical intervention to remove necrotic tissue can optimize the outcome by reducing continued inflammation. In selected cases, amniotic membrane patching may be considered.

• #33 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  For more severe burns, particularly alkali burns, hospitalization is necessary. The patient will require topical ophthalmic antibiotics, pain medication, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If secondary glaucoma develops, the patient will require ocular pressure-lowering medication. Inpatient treatment in a burn center is required for patients with more severe burns or alkali burns. […] Active surgical intervention to remove necrotic tissue can optimize the outcome by reducing continued inflammation. In selected cases, amniotic membrane patching may be considered.

• #34 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  For more severe burns, particularly alkali burns, hospitalization is necessary. The patient will require topical ophthalmic antibiotics, pain medication, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If secondary glaucoma develops, the patient will require ocular pressure-lowering medication. Inpatient treatment in a burn center is required for patients with more severe burns or alkali burns. […] Active surgical intervention to remove necrotic tissue can optimize the outcome by reducing continued inflammation. In selected cases, amniotic membrane patching may be considered.

• #35 EMS Management of Eye Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585131/

  In the United States (USA), approximately 7.5% of people suffer eye injuries at some point in their lifetime. […] Many eye injuries, even minor ones, will warrant some treatment, ranging from topical medications to invasive surgical intervention. […] When an injury occurs, it is essential to prevent further damage and obtain a timely assessment so that appropriate treatment is not delayed, as this may negatively and indelibly affect visual outcomes. […] Individuals with OGI require an emergent ophthalmological assessment to evaluate injuries and surgically repair them promptly. […] The amount of time that lapses between the initial exposure and irrigation significantly impacts the prognosis. […] Therefore, it is critical to perform large-volume irrigation with at least 1 liter of normal saline or Ringer’s lactate solution immediately.

• #36 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Many ocular burns can be adequately managed in the emergency department (ED). The emergency physician should consider at least a telephone consultation with an ophthalmologist for any patient with significant chemical eye exposure. Any serious thermal burn, any alkali chemical globe exposure, or any vision-threatening injury most likely warrants emergent ophthalmologic consultation. […] With a chemical injury, immediate initiation of copious irrigation has the greatest impact on prognosis. Irrigation also helps to clear any residual particulate matter from the eye. Delayed treatment may result in significant morbidity. […] When a patient presents to the ED with an ocular burn, it is important to assess the potential for coexisting life-threatening injuries. These may have to be addressed before or simultaneously with treatment of the eye. In particular, fire victims who have sustained ocular thermal burns must first have their airway and breathing evaluated. Alkali injuries to the face also may cause tracheal or esophageal burns.

• #37 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Topical antibiotics, pain relief, and tetanus immunization are required for all ocular burns. Some chemical and thermal burns may require nonpreserved lubricants. Adequate lubrication helps to prevent the formation of symblepharon (ie, adhesions of the eyelid to the eyeball). […] The most important treatment of chemical burns is extensive immediate irrigation. Sterile higher-osmotic solutions, such as amphoteric solution (Diphoterine; Prevor, Valmondois, France) or buffered solutions (eg, BSS Plus [Alcon, Fort Worth, TX] or lactated Ringer solution), are ideal. If these are not available, sterile isotonic saline is an appropriate irrigant. […] After irrigation, a thorough ophthalmologic examination is mandatory. If the injury is minor, the patient may be discharged with topical ophthalmic antibiotics, oral analgesics, and an eye patch. Follow-up evaluation should occur within 24 hours.

• #38 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  Topical antibiotics, pain relief, and tetanus immunization are required for all ocular burns. Some chemical and thermal burns may require nonpreserved lubricants. Adequate lubrication helps to prevent the formation of symblepharon (ie, adhesions of the eyelid to the eyeball). […] The most important treatment of chemical burns is extensive immediate irrigation. Sterile higher-osmotic solutions, such as amphoteric solution (Diphoterine; Prevor, Valmondois, France) or buffered solutions (eg, BSS Plus [Alcon, Fort Worth, TX] or lactated Ringer solution), are ideal. If these are not available, sterile isotonic saline is an appropriate irrigant. […] After irrigation, a thorough ophthalmologic examination is mandatory. If the injury is minor, the patient may be discharged with topical ophthalmic antibiotics, oral analgesics, and an eye patch. Follow-up evaluation should occur within 24 hours.

• #39 Ocular Burns and Chemical Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Immediate Irrigation, Specific ED Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798696-treatment

  For more severe burns, particularly alkali burns, hospitalization is necessary. The patient will require topical ophthalmic antibiotics, pain medication, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If secondary glaucoma develops, the patient will require ocular pressure-lowering medication. Inpatient treatment in a burn center is required for patients with more severe burns or alkali burns. […] Active surgical intervention to remove necrotic tissue can optimize the outcome by reducing continued inflammation. In selected cases, amniotic membrane patching may be considered.

• #40 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #41 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #42 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #43 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #44 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #45 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #46 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #47 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #48 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #49 Ocular trauma. Triage and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1946119/

  Many types of ocular trauma can be diagnosed and treated in the primary care office, particularly if a slit lamp is available. Treatment for corneal abrasions consists of applying a cycloplegic medication, antibiotic ointment, and a patch (unless a corneal ulcer is suspected). […] Iritis can be treated with cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids; the prescribing physician should be familiar with the potential ocular side effects and complications. […] Hyphemas are treated with bed rest, topical atropine sulfate drops and topical corticosteroids, as well as measures to prevent rebleeding. […] A slit lamp, topical anesthesia, and a foreign-body spud greatly facilitate the removal of foreign bodies from the cornea. […] Acid and alkali burns should be irrigated until the pH is normal and then should be treated like a corneal abrasion. […] Lid lacerations must be repaired with care to preserve proper functioning of the lid. […] Ruptures of the globe are serious injuries requiring surgical repair and long-term follow-up.

• #50 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #51 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #52 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Corneal abrasions: Numbing eye drops are often used to help examine the eye. Although medicated eyedrops remove the pain, they cannot be used at home to control pain. The anesthetic drops actually delay healing. Repeated use will damage the cornea. Dilating the pupil with drops and antibiotic ointments or drops to avoid secondary infection is a commonly utilized technique. […] Traumatic iritis: Eyedrops are used to dilate the pupil. Steroid eye drops may be helpful to decrease inflammation. […] Hyphema: People with significant hyphemas may be hospitalized and placed on bed rest with their heads elevated. A protective rigid shield may be placed over the eye, and the pupil is dilated with drops. People who will follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions with small hyphemas may be managed at home.

• #53 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #54 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #55 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #56 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #57 EMS Management of Eye Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585131/

  In the United States (USA), approximately 7.5% of people suffer eye injuries at some point in their lifetime. […] Many eye injuries, even minor ones, will warrant some treatment, ranging from topical medications to invasive surgical intervention. […] When an injury occurs, it is essential to prevent further damage and obtain a timely assessment so that appropriate treatment is not delayed, as this may negatively and indelibly affect visual outcomes. […] Individuals with OGI require an emergent ophthalmological assessment to evaluate injuries and surgically repair them promptly. […] The amount of time that lapses between the initial exposure and irrigation significantly impacts the prognosis. […] Therefore, it is critical to perform large-volume irrigation with at least 1 liter of normal saline or Ringer’s lactate solution immediately.

• #58 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #59 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  Refer immediately – will need antibiotic cover and surgery. […] All but the most minor blunt injuries should be referred, as the extent of the injury may not be visible on initial assessment. […] Eye injuries requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist include chemical burn, open globe injury or retrobulbar haemorrhage. […] If there is severe eye pain with progressive visual loss proptosis, consider retrobulbar haemorrhage – an emergency. […] If a penetrating FB is lodged in the eye, do NOT attempt to remove it yourself – this could cause prolapse of eye contents. […] In cases of military exposure in the past, ground water has been used by those affected, without realising that the ground water had also been contaminated. […] Superficial eye injuries generally have a good prognosis.

• #60 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #61 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  It is important that you do NOT apply pressure to the eye. Pressure could force the interior contents of the eye to come out of the eyeball. […] Rigid eye shields should be placed over both eyes ONLY when you are sure or at least strongly suspect that both eyes have been injured. […] If the casualty is conscious, administer the Combat Wound Medication pack (CWMP) including the antibiotic tablet (400 mg of moxifloxacin). […] Remember, if left untreated, even apparently minor eye injuries can become infected and cause loss of vision or even blindness. […] Document all assessments and treatments on the casualty’s DD Form 1380 and attach it to the casualty. […] A pressure dressing or patch should NEVER be used to treat a traumatic eye injury.

• #62 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #63 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #64 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #65 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #66 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents. […] The key diagnoses to seek and identify are: Open globe injury ruptured globe or penetrating laceration, Foreign body corneal or intra-ocular, Large hyphaema, Retinal detachment, Corneal burns chemical or thermal. […] If penetrating eye injury is suspected: Do NOT force the eyelid open as pressure on the lids may cause extrusion of ocular contents. […] Do NOT attempt to remove a protruding foreign body from the globe. […] Treatment: Keep patient fasted in anticipation of theatre, Adequate analgesia with antiemetics as vomiting may increase intra-ocular pressure, Sit patient upright where able, Shield the eye, be careful when shielding not to press on the eye, Do Not instil drops or ointments into eye, Prompt discussion with ophthalmologist, CT scan of orbit to investigate for ocular foreign body, Commence ciprofloxacin and check tetanus status.

• #67 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  For injuries to the globe, the outcome depends on the precise nature of the injury and the availability of prompt treatment. Good recovery is possible from some serious injuries. […] Injuries to the globe may be complicated by infection (endophthalmitis) – this can be sight-threatening. […] The goal is to restore a normal ocular surface and clarity. If extensive corneal scarring is present, surgical debridement, limbal stem cell grafting, amniotic membrane transplantation and keratoprosthesis can help restore vision.

• #68 EMS Management of Eye Injuries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585131/

  Emergent lateral canthotomy and cantholysis should be performed within 2 hours by an emergency physician or ophthalmologist to have the best chance of preserving vision. […] If there is any suspicion of open globe injury, protect the eye as directed above. […] In the absence of major injuries, patients are typically discharged home with ophthalmic antibiotics. […] Timely transference to the emergency department for a comprehensive evaluation and possible consultation with an ophthalmologist, especially in the case of orbital compartment syndrome, is key to optimal patient outcomes.

• #69 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  Refer immediately – will need antibiotic cover and surgery. […] All but the most minor blunt injuries should be referred, as the extent of the injury may not be visible on initial assessment. […] Eye injuries requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist include chemical burn, open globe injury or retrobulbar haemorrhage. […] If there is severe eye pain with progressive visual loss proptosis, consider retrobulbar haemorrhage – an emergency. […] If a penetrating FB is lodged in the eye, do NOT attempt to remove it yourself – this could cause prolapse of eye contents. […] In cases of military exposure in the past, ground water has been used by those affected, without realising that the ground water had also been contaminated. […] Superficial eye injuries generally have a good prognosis.

• #70 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #71 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #72 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #73 12 Eye Injury Types & Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/eye_injuries/article_em.htm

  Orbital blowout fractures: Ice and elevation of the head for 48 hours are recommended to reduce swelling. People are advised not to blow their noses, as the pressure generated may pass through the fractured area and cause further problems. Some ophthalmologists use nasal decongestants and oral antibiotics for one to two weeks. If any surgical repair is needed, it is usually done a few days to one week later when the swelling has gone down. […] Lacerations: Depending on the size and location of the laceration, suturing (stitches) may be necessary. If the cut is in a non-critical location, the laceration may be left to heal on its own. Lacerations to the eyeball often require antibiotics, sutures, and more extensive surgery in an operating room setting. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

• #74 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  All chemical burns should be assessed by ophthalmology after wash-out. […] Upon successful removal of foreign body and in setting of corneal abrasion, discharge with topical antibiotic drops (e.g. chlorsig) and consider antibiotics ointment nocte as lubricating effects are soothing and can help with sleeping. […] An eyelid laceration should be treated as a potential penetrating injury until proven otherwise. […] Control the bleeding with elevation of head and direct pressure. Avoid pressure to the globe. […] Examine eye for penetrating injury once lid-bleeding is controlled. […] Suspect canalicular injury, if the medial part of either the upper or lower eyelid is involved. In this situation, early involvement of the Ophthalmology Unit is required.

• #75 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  All chemical burns should be assessed by ophthalmology after wash-out. […] Upon successful removal of foreign body and in setting of corneal abrasion, discharge with topical antibiotic drops (e.g. chlorsig) and consider antibiotics ointment nocte as lubricating effects are soothing and can help with sleeping. […] An eyelid laceration should be treated as a potential penetrating injury until proven otherwise. […] Control the bleeding with elevation of head and direct pressure. Avoid pressure to the globe. […] Examine eye for penetrating injury once lid-bleeding is controlled. […] Suspect canalicular injury, if the medial part of either the upper or lower eyelid is involved. In this situation, early involvement of the Ophthalmology Unit is required.

• #76 Corneal Foreign Body Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1195581-treatment

  Clinicians should be careful to never place a pressure patch on an eye that has a laceration as this may worsen a potential open globe injury by inciting herniation of intraocular contents. […] Corneal foreign bodies should be removed at the slit lamp as described previously and never with the naked eye. […] If a penetrating wound is present, a globe exploration and globe rupture repair must be undertaken, in the operating room. […] Intraocular foreign bodies must be removed in the operating room by surgeons trained in posterior segment surgery. […] Patients should be monitored for the appearance of a corneal infiltrate, signaling potential infection, and the need for more aggressive antimicrobial therapy. […] Patients who have scarring from their corneal foreign body may have vision loss due to decrease in corneal transparency, increase in irregular astigmatism, or glare, some or all of which can be difficult to treat. […] Superficial scars can be treated with excimer laser surgery in the form of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), whereas deeper scars or significant irregularities may require lamellar or full-thickness corneal graft procedures.

• #77 Corneal Foreign Body Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1195581-treatment

  Clinicians should be careful to never place a pressure patch on an eye that has a laceration as this may worsen a potential open globe injury by inciting herniation of intraocular contents. […] Corneal foreign bodies should be removed at the slit lamp as described previously and never with the naked eye. […] If a penetrating wound is present, a globe exploration and globe rupture repair must be undertaken, in the operating room. […] Intraocular foreign bodies must be removed in the operating room by surgeons trained in posterior segment surgery. […] Patients should be monitored for the appearance of a corneal infiltrate, signaling potential infection, and the need for more aggressive antimicrobial therapy. […] Patients who have scarring from their corneal foreign body may have vision loss due to decrease in corneal transparency, increase in irregular astigmatism, or glare, some or all of which can be difficult to treat. […] Superficial scars can be treated with excimer laser surgery in the form of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), whereas deeper scars or significant irregularities may require lamellar or full-thickness corneal graft procedures.

• #78 Eye Injury And Glaucoma: Questions And Answers – Glaucoma Research Foundation

  https://glaucoma.org/articles/eye-injury-and-glaucoma-questions-and-answers

  Eye injuries can lead to several eye problems including glaucoma which is usually caused by a blunt force trauma to the eye. […] Tearing and bleeding results in scarring of the trabecular meshwork, reducing its ability to drain fluid. This may lead to elevated eye pressure which can damage the nerve in the back of the eye (glaucoma). […] Therefore, it is crucial for someone who has sustained such an injury to have periodic eye exams for the rest of their life so that, if glaucoma develops, it can be detected and treated before significant vision loss occurs. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for traumatic glaucoma; however, there are many effective treatments. […] The first-line treatment for traumatic glaucoma is eye drops placed in the eye on a regular basis. In cases where the eye pressure is high and not controlled by eye drops, surgery may be required to bring the pressure down to a safe level. The goal of treatment is to lower the pressure to prevent continued vision decline, but there is currently no way to restore vision that was already lost due to pressure damage.

• #79 Eye Injury And Glaucoma: Questions And Answers – Glaucoma Research Foundation

  https://glaucoma.org/articles/eye-injury-and-glaucoma-questions-and-answers

  Eye injuries can lead to several eye problems including glaucoma which is usually caused by a blunt force trauma to the eye. […] Tearing and bleeding results in scarring of the trabecular meshwork, reducing its ability to drain fluid. This may lead to elevated eye pressure which can damage the nerve in the back of the eye (glaucoma). […] Therefore, it is crucial for someone who has sustained such an injury to have periodic eye exams for the rest of their life so that, if glaucoma develops, it can be detected and treated before significant vision loss occurs. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for traumatic glaucoma; however, there are many effective treatments. […] The first-line treatment for traumatic glaucoma is eye drops placed in the eye on a regular basis. In cases where the eye pressure is high and not controlled by eye drops, surgery may be required to bring the pressure down to a safe level. The goal of treatment is to lower the pressure to prevent continued vision decline, but there is currently no way to restore vision that was already lost due to pressure damage.

• #80 Eye Injury And Glaucoma: Questions And Answers – Glaucoma Research Foundation

  https://glaucoma.org/articles/eye-injury-and-glaucoma-questions-and-answers

  Eye injuries can lead to several eye problems including glaucoma which is usually caused by a blunt force trauma to the eye. […] Tearing and bleeding results in scarring of the trabecular meshwork, reducing its ability to drain fluid. This may lead to elevated eye pressure which can damage the nerve in the back of the eye (glaucoma). […] Therefore, it is crucial for someone who has sustained such an injury to have periodic eye exams for the rest of their life so that, if glaucoma develops, it can be detected and treated before significant vision loss occurs. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for traumatic glaucoma; however, there are many effective treatments. […] The first-line treatment for traumatic glaucoma is eye drops placed in the eye on a regular basis. In cases where the eye pressure is high and not controlled by eye drops, surgery may be required to bring the pressure down to a safe level. The goal of treatment is to lower the pressure to prevent continued vision decline, but there is currently no way to restore vision that was already lost due to pressure damage.

• #81 Eye Injury And Glaucoma: Questions And Answers – Glaucoma Research Foundation

  https://glaucoma.org/articles/eye-injury-and-glaucoma-questions-and-answers

  Eye injuries can lead to several eye problems including glaucoma which is usually caused by a blunt force trauma to the eye. […] Tearing and bleeding results in scarring of the trabecular meshwork, reducing its ability to drain fluid. This may lead to elevated eye pressure which can damage the nerve in the back of the eye (glaucoma). […] Therefore, it is crucial for someone who has sustained such an injury to have periodic eye exams for the rest of their life so that, if glaucoma develops, it can be detected and treated before significant vision loss occurs. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for traumatic glaucoma; however, there are many effective treatments. […] The first-line treatment for traumatic glaucoma is eye drops placed in the eye on a regular basis. In cases where the eye pressure is high and not controlled by eye drops, surgery may be required to bring the pressure down to a safe level. The goal of treatment is to lower the pressure to prevent continued vision decline, but there is currently no way to restore vision that was already lost due to pressure damage.

• #82 Traumatic Eye Injury Treatment in Georgia | Georgia Eye Center

  https://georgiaeyecenter.net/ocular-trauma/

  If you’ve noticed flashes of light in your vision, it could be an indication that there’s something wrong happening on the back of the eye. […] Prompt treatment is crucial. […] That’s why it’s crucial to seek expert help from a Georgia eye specialist as soon as possible if you suspect you have something lodged in your eye. […] It’s imperative not to delay seeking professional help. […] That’s why it’s essential to seek the expertise of a Georgia eye specialist experienced in handling traumatic eye injuries as soon as possible. […] By getting examined by a professional specializing in traumatic eye injuries, you can receive timely and effective treatment that can potentially save your eyesight. […] If left untreated, the retina may become permanently damaged, leading to vision loss or blindness. […] If you are experiencing symptoms of a torn or detached retina, do not hesitate to seek medical attention from a Georgia eye specialist as soon as possible.

• #83 Eye injuries. Eye contusions, perforations and blows in the eye.

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-health/eye-injuries/

  Patients can also come to the consultation suffering from haemorrhages that doesn’t resolve or with a retinal detachment that will require surgical treatment. […] Eye injuries may also cause high peaks in ocular pressure. In such cases, a specific treatment to lower ocular pressure and avoid damages in the optic nerve will be administered. […] Holes in the peripheral area of the retina may also occur. In such case, a laser session may be performed in the consulting room. […] In the most severe cases, such as the above-mentioned eye perforation cases, an urgent surgical intervention will be performed, due to the high risk of infection and of eye loss, besides the bad visual prognosis.

• #84 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  A chemical burn occurs when a liquid or powder chemical contacts the eye. […] In many cases, prompt and thorough rinsing of the eye (with saline or fresh water) dramatically reduces the risk of injury and long-term damage. […] However, splashes from acids or alkali chemicals are serious and may cause vision loss. Rinse the eye and seek urgent medical attention. […] First aid suggestions include: Hold your face under running water for 15 to 20 minutes and allow the water stream to flood into your eyes. […] Seek immediate medical advice. Medical staff will need to know what chemical was involved, particularly whether it was acid or alkaline, liquid or powder. […] Treatment differs according to the chemical agent and the severity of the injury, but may include: pain-relieving medication, topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, medicated eye drops, lubricants applied to the eye surface to prevent the eyelids from sticking to the cornea as it heals, anti-inflammatory medication, in more serious cases, hospital admission is necessary and treatment is given for any complications. […] Be guided by your doctor or healthcare professional, but general suggestions include: Attend all follow-up appointments. […] Wear eye protection every time you handle liquid or powder chemicals.

• #85 Ocular & Eyelid Trauma | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/ocular-eyelid-trauma

  An eye injury can happen at any time and in any place. Eye injuries can cause permanent vision loss and blindness, so prompt evaluation and treatment are critical. Seek immediate medical attention any time your child has an eye injury. While an injury may appear to be minor at first, prompt medical evaluation can limit further damage and prevent permanent vision loss or blindness. Ophthalmologists at Riley at IU Health can assess vision function and carefully examine all the structures of the eye. Our physicians can also provide long-term care and follow-up that may be needed after an eye injury. Treatment for an eye or eyelid injury depends upon the type of injury. Here are a few recommendations and treatments for different types of eye injuries: Deep lacerations to the eye require prompt attention and often surgery by an ophthalmologist to prevent complications and protect vision. For a scratched cornea, your child may be prescribed antibiotic eye drops or ointment and/or wear a pressure patch on the eye. For possible broken bones near the eye, prompt surgical treatment may be needed to prevent long-term complications like double vision, loss of vision and abnormal appearance. If your child has an eyelid injury, an ophthalmologist can determine the full extent of the injury and any necessary treatment. Trauma that causes swelling of the eyelid, red eye, pain or discharge should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist promptly. […] With eye injuries, frequent follow up with an ophthalmologist may be needed until the eye heals.

• #86 Eye Injury Treatment | Eye Trauma | Ocular Trauma

  https://lall2020eyecare.com/trauma/

  Ocular traumas are eye injuries such as bruises, punctures, or even scratches. […] Immediately consult an ophthalmologist if you have an eye injury. Rest and home remedies can help certain eye injuries recover. Others may severely harm eyes and impair eyesight. […] If not promptly and adequately treated, eye injuries can be a dangerous and painful condition that results in long-term damage. Its essential to get medical help right away if you have an eye injury. Leading eye hospital Lall 20/20 Eye Treatments Hospital offers top-notch Ocular Trauma treatments for various eye injuries. […] Immediate medical intervention is essential in cases of ocular trauma in order to stop additional harm to the eye. […] Following ocular trauma treatment, rehabilitation is a crucial step in the healing process. We offer thorough rehabilitation services at Lall 20/20 Eye Care Hospital to aid patients in regaining their eyesight and functionality.

• #87 Ocular Trauma and Injuries – The Cataract and Laser Institute

  https://cataractandlaserinstitute.com/conditions/ocular-trauma-and-injuries/

  In cases of lacerations or cuts to the eyelids or eye surface, sutures (stitches) may be required to close the wound properly. […] Severe eye injuries, such as globe rupture, retinal detachment, or intraocular foreign bodies, may necessitate surgical intervention by an ophthalmologist or eye surgeon. […] In cases of permanent vision loss or visual impairment resulting from trauma, vision rehabilitation programs may be recommended to help patients adapt to their new visual status.

• #88

• #89

  https://tessindia.com/ocular-trauma.html

  Ocular Trauma – Treatment of Eye Injuries […] Any form of physical or chemical injury to the eye is a form of eye trauma. If not treated immediately, it can pose a serious threat to your eyesight. Two of the most common symptoms are redness and swelling of the affected eye. There could be many reasons for eye injuries ranging from soap entering the eye to irreparable eye damage or vision loss occurring due to accidents at home, school, and workplace and even while traveling. […] Once described as a neglected condition, this disorder has now been highlighted as one of the major reasons for visual impairment accounting to approximately 10-15% of all eye injuries. An interesting fact that remains to be dealt with is that 90% of all eye injuries are preventable. Location, environment and ones lifestyle impacts the nature and cause of this condition. There has been research and numerous studies done on this traumatic condition and every country and culture addresses these disorders distinctively. There exist different patterns of ocular injuries faced by patients and each treatment requires a different protocol.

• #90

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=eyein

  It’s common for a speck of dirt to get blown into your eye, for soap to wash into your eye, or for you to bump your eye. For these types of minor eye injuries, home treatment is usually all that’s needed. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. Vision changes include flashes of light (photopsia) and new floaters. Signs of infection include pain and blurred vision. Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] You can prevent eye injuries by using protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when you work with power tools or chemicals. […] Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms. […] Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.

• #91 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. […] Minor eye injuries may be treated on site. […] The team physician must know which injuries require immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and the guidelines for returning an athlete to competition. […] Athletes should be educated by team physicians about proper eye and facial protection and encouraged to use protective devices. […] A complete eye examination should be part of any sports physical. […] Athletes with any of these conditions may be at increased risk for serious eye injury. […] Athletes with such risk factors should be evaluated by an eye care professional before engaging in any high-risk or very-high-risk sport. […] Sports-related ocular injuries can be evaluated on site with the appropriate medical supplies.

• #92 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  If globe rupture is suspected, no further manipulation of the eye should take place. […] After a protective shield is placed over the eye, the patient should be given nothing by mouth and should be referred immediately for ophthalmic evaluation. […] Eye protection has reduced the number and severity of eye injuries. […] A protective device should dissipate a potentially harmful force over a larger area. […] Eye protectors need to shift impact from the eyes and face to the skull without causing intracranial injury. […] Monocular athletes should wear polycarbonate lenses and frames while playing basketball. […] Several guidelines for returning to play after an injury should be followed. […] In patients with significant ocular injury, a full examination and clearance by an ophthalmologist are required.

• #93 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  If globe rupture is suspected, no further manipulation of the eye should take place. […] After a protective shield is placed over the eye, the patient should be given nothing by mouth and should be referred immediately for ophthalmic evaluation. […] Eye protection has reduced the number and severity of eye injuries. […] A protective device should dissipate a potentially harmful force over a larger area. […] Eye protectors need to shift impact from the eyes and face to the skull without causing intracranial injury. […] Monocular athletes should wear polycarbonate lenses and frames while playing basketball. […] Several guidelines for returning to play after an injury should be followed. […] In patients with significant ocular injury, a full examination and clearance by an ophthalmologist are required.

• #94 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  If globe rupture is suspected, no further manipulation of the eye should take place. […] After a protective shield is placed over the eye, the patient should be given nothing by mouth and should be referred immediately for ophthalmic evaluation. […] Eye protection has reduced the number and severity of eye injuries. […] A protective device should dissipate a potentially harmful force over a larger area. […] Eye protectors need to shift impact from the eyes and face to the skull without causing intracranial injury. […] Monocular athletes should wear polycarbonate lenses and frames while playing basketball. […] Several guidelines for returning to play after an injury should be followed. […] In patients with significant ocular injury, a full examination and clearance by an ophthalmologist are required.

• #95 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. […] Minor eye injuries may be treated on site. […] The team physician must know which injuries require immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and the guidelines for returning an athlete to competition. […] Athletes should be educated by team physicians about proper eye and facial protection and encouraged to use protective devices. […] A complete eye examination should be part of any sports physical. […] Athletes with any of these conditions may be at increased risk for serious eye injury. […] Athletes with such risk factors should be evaluated by an eye care professional before engaging in any high-risk or very-high-risk sport. […] Sports-related ocular injuries can be evaluated on site with the appropriate medical supplies.

• #96 Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0401/p1481.html

  Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. […] Minor eye injuries may be treated on site. […] The team physician must know which injuries require immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and the guidelines for returning an athlete to competition. […] Athletes should be educated by team physicians about proper eye and facial protection and encouraged to use protective devices. […] A complete eye examination should be part of any sports physical. […] Athletes with any of these conditions may be at increased risk for serious eye injury. […] Athletes with such risk factors should be evaluated by an eye care professional before engaging in any high-risk or very-high-risk sport. […] Sports-related ocular injuries can be evaluated on site with the appropriate medical supplies.

• #97 Eye injuries. Eye contusions, perforations and blows in the eye.

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-health/eye-injuries/

  Treatments are various and go from the use of eye drops in small corneal erosions or scratches, to complex surgical interventions in the most severe eye perforation cases. […] Treatments will vary depending on the type of injury, and may include from antibiotic eye drops to complex surgical interventions. […] The treatment of eye injuries will depend on the type of injury: […] Some patients come to the consultation with corneal erosions or eye scratches, which are small wounds in the cornea, the anterior part of the eye. This kind of wound usually responds to treatment with eye drops or antibiotic drops. […] In cases where there is an eye inflammation (uveitis), topical anti-inflammatory treatments or even oral cortisone may be administered. […] Some patients also come to the consultation with burns or injuries caused by chemical products (such as bleach). In such cases, when at home, the eyes must be washed with water urgently, and at the consultation a proper wash with a physiological saline solution must be performed for some minutes in order to try to eliminate the chemical agent.

• #98 Management of Traumatic Eye Injuries | OBN

  https://ophthalmologybreakingnews.com/how-to-heal-traumatic-eye-injuries–tips-and-techniques

  Traumatic eye injuries can have devastating effects on a person’s vision, and in some cases can even lead to permanent blindness. […] Nevertheless, many individuals can make a full recovery from a traumatic eye injury with proper care and treatment. […] If an individual does suffer a traumatic eye injury, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Delaying treatment can lead to further damage and complications. Treatment for eye injuries may include medication to reduce pain and inflammation, antibiotics to prevent infection, and surgery to repair damage to the eye or to remove foreign objects. […] It is important to follow up with a healthcare provider to ensure that the injury is healing properly and to address any complications or concerns. […] If an injury does occur, seeking medical attention promptly and following recommended treatment and care measures can help promote healing and prevent further damage. […] Treatment options for traumatic eye injuries depend on the type and severity of the injury, but may include medications, surgery, or other medical interventions.

• #99 How to Recognize and Treat Common Eye Injuries – Assil Gaur Eye Institute Blog

  https://assileye.com/blog/how-to-treat-common-eye-injuries/

  Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. Seek emergency medical treatment right away. […] Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. DO NOT touch, rub, or apply pressure to the eye. DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye. Do not apply ointment or medication to the eye. Over-the-counter eye drops can be more painful or make the injury worse. See a doctor as soon as possible. If you cant get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

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