Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  All sorts of common, everyday activities can lead to accidental eye injuries. An eye injury can be very painful and can cause permanent vision loss, whether or not it seems severe. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. […] Eye injuries include bruises, punctures, burns and scratches. They can result from traumatic accidents, exposure to chemicals or foreign objects in your eye. An eye injury can damage your eye, causing eye pain and vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. While some eye injuries can heal at home, others need urgent treatment. […] Common types of eye injuries include: Black eye: A blow to your eye and the tissues around it causes bruising, otherwise known as a black eye. A bruised eye usually refers to the tissues around your eye, rather than the eye itself.

• #2 Eye Injuries: Protect Your Eyes and Your Vision | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/eye-injuries-protect-your-eyes-and-your-vision

  Americans experience approximately 2.5 million eye injuries every year, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. […] However, eyesight is crucial. Most of our livelihoods depend on the ability to see well, and eye injuries can be sight-threatening and result in permanent vision loss if not treated. […] Unfortunately, few eye injuries can be treated at home, Dr. Haqqie says. If you wonder if you should visit an ophthalmologist, the answer is always yes. You can never be too careful when it comes to your eyes. […] Attempting to treat an eye injury at home can lead to further complications, such as: Infection, Scarring, Vision loss. […] The safest option is to seek care immediately. If something is lodged in your eye, leave it in place and contact an ophthalmologist or emergency room.

• #3 Preventing and Responding to Eye Injuries | HeadStart.gov

  https://headstart.gov/practicas-de-seguridad/articulo/preventing-responding-eye-injuries

  Eye injuries in children are very common, and most of these injuries are preventable. […] Eye injuries are the most common cause of permanent vision loss in young children (0-4 years). […] Children account for one-third of all emergency department eye injury visits. […] Eye injuries occur in all parts of the eye: inside the eye, on the eyelid, under the eye, and around the eye. […] Some common causes of eye injuries in young children include: Flying objects like toy rockets, darts, fireworks, bungee cords, and projectiles from toy guns. […] Projectile toys are one of the leading causes of vision-threatening eye injury in young children. […] Head Start staff and families can prevent eye injuries when they understand the causes of eye injuries, supervise children, and set up rules for safe play.

• #4

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  You can’t always tell when an eye is injured. Some injuries are only obvious when they get really serious. […] Eye injuries can cause vision loss or blindness. That’s why having an ophthalmologist or other medical doctor examine the eye as soon as possible is important, even if the injury seems minor at first. DO NOT attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself. […] If you notice any of these signs in yourself or someone else, get medical help right away. These are signs of possibly serious eye injury: Ongoing pain in the eye, Trouble seeing, Cut or torn eyelid, One eye does not move as well as the other, One eye sticks out of the eye socket farther than the other, The eye has an unusual pupil size or shape, There is blood in the clear part of the eye, The person has something in the eye or under the eyelid that tears and blinking can’t remove.

• #5 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  All sorts of common, everyday activities can lead to accidental eye injuries. An eye injury can be very painful and can cause permanent vision loss, whether or not it seems severe. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. […] Eye injuries include bruises, punctures, burns and scratches. They can result from traumatic accidents, exposure to chemicals or foreign objects in your eye. An eye injury can damage your eye, causing eye pain and vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. While some eye injuries can heal at home, others need urgent treatment. […] Common types of eye injuries include: Black eye: A blow to your eye and the tissues around it causes bruising, otherwise known as a black eye. A bruised eye usually refers to the tissues around your eye, rather than the eye itself.

• #6 Eye Emergencies: What to Do in the Event of an Eye Injury

  https://www.rivertowneyecare.com/post/eye-emergencies-what-to-do-in-the-event-of-an-eye-injury

  A serene day can turn into a moment of panic in the blink of an eye if you or someone you know experiences an eye injury. Whether it’s a splash of chemicals, a foreign object lodged in the eye, or a sudden impact, eye emergencies require immediate and appropriate action to prevent lasting damage. […] At Rivertown Eye Care in Hastings, MN, our commitment to eye health extends beyond routine care. We’re here to guide you through the crucial steps to take in the event of an eye emergency, ensuring that you’re prepared to act swiftly and effectively. […] Knowing how to respond to eye emergencies can make a significant difference in the outcome of an eye injury. By following the steps outlined above, you can provide essential first aid that may save your sight. Remember, immediate action and professional care are paramount in preventing lasting damage.

• #7 First Aid Tips for Eye Injuries | Wills Eye Hospital

  https://www.willseye.org/patients-visitors/patient-information/eye-health/first-aid-tips-eye-injuries/

  Even a minor eye injury can cause serious, lifelong eye damage. […] Eye injuries can cause loss of vision, or complete loss of an eye. […] Seek immediate medical attention. […] If the individual has a red eye, complains of eye pain, will not open the lids, the eyeball looks different from the other eye or the individual has blurry vision, then seek immediate medical attention if pain continues. […] Seek immediate medical attention.

• #8 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  All sorts of common, everyday activities can lead to accidental eye injuries. An eye injury can be very painful and can cause permanent vision loss, whether or not it seems severe. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. […] Eye injuries include bruises, punctures, burns and scratches. They can result from traumatic accidents, exposure to chemicals or foreign objects in your eye. An eye injury can damage your eye, causing eye pain and vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. While some eye injuries can heal at home, others need urgent treatment. […] Common types of eye injuries include: Black eye: A blow to your eye and the tissues around it causes bruising, otherwise known as a black eye. A bruised eye usually refers to the tissues around your eye, rather than the eye itself.

• #9 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #10 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  All sorts of common, everyday activities can lead to accidental eye injuries. An eye injury can be very painful and can cause permanent vision loss, whether or not it seems severe. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. […] Eye injuries include bruises, punctures, burns and scratches. They can result from traumatic accidents, exposure to chemicals or foreign objects in your eye. An eye injury can damage your eye, causing eye pain and vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Contact an eye care specialist right away if you have an eye injury. While some eye injuries can heal at home, others need urgent treatment. […] Common types of eye injuries include: Black eye: A blow to your eye and the tissues around it causes bruising, otherwise known as a black eye. A bruised eye usually refers to the tissues around your eye, rather than the eye itself.

• #11 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #12 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Simple lacerations can be sutured. […] Septic lacerations should be cleaned and treated with systemic antibiotics. […] A sub-conjunctival haemorrhage is quite common after trauma and can be managed conservatively. […] Most hyphaema clear within five to six days with conservative treatment. […] The sight-threatening complications of hyphaema are caused by raised IOP, which is managed by oral acetazolamide (Diamox). […] The lens may be subluxated or even dislocated. […] Proptosis or diplopia (double vision) suggests serious eye injury for which specialist assessment and management is required. […] Burns to the eye may affect the eyelids, conjunctiva or cornea. […] The first aid management of chemicals in the eye is immediate and profuse irrigation with clean water after instilling local anaesthetic drops.

• #13 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #14 Eye Injuries | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/eye-injuries-eyein

  It’s common for a speck of dirt to get blown into your eye, for soap to wash into your eye, or for you to accidentally bump your eye. For these types of minor eye injuries, home treatment is usually all that’s needed. […] Some sports and activities increase the risk of eye injuries. […] Direct blows to the eye can damage the skin and other tissues around the eye, the eyeball, or the bones of the eye socket. […] If a blow to the eye or a cut to the eyelid occurred during an accident, be sure to check for injuries to the eyeball itself. […] Burns to the eye may be caused by chemicals, fumes, hot air or steam, sunlight, tanning lamps, curling irons or hair dryers, or welding equipment. […] Chemical burns can occur if a solid chemical, liquid chemical, or chemical fumes get into the eye.

• #15 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  A chemical burn occurs when a liquid or powder chemical contacts the eye. […] In many cases, prompt and thorough rinsing of the eye (with saline or fresh water) dramatically reduces the risk of injury and long-term damage. […] Always wear appropriate safety goggles or a face shield when handling liquid chemicals. […] For splashes of non-toxic liquids, such as soaps or shampoos, flushing the eye with fresh water is usually all the treatment you need. However, splashes from acids or alkali chemicals are serious and may cause vision loss. Rinse the eye and seek urgent medical attention. […] First aid suggestions include: Hold your face under running water for 15 to 20 minutes and allow the water stream to flood into your eyes. […] Seek immediate medical advice. Medical staff will need to know what chemical was involved, particularly whether it was acid or alkaline, liquid or powder.

• #16 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #17 First aid part 3 – first aid treatment of eye injuries | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/assessment-skills/first-aid-part-3-first-aid-treatment-of-eye-injuries-10-01-2008/

  Eye injuries are irritating and painful, and some have the potential to be very serious. Even a superficial graze to the cornea can lead to scarring, resulting in permanent damage and deterioration in vision. Prompt first-aid treatment can be helpful. […] The aim of this practical procedure is to understand the first-aid treatment of eye injuries. […] The priority of the first-aid treatment of a chemical injury is to irrigate the eye so that the chemical is diluted and dispersed. The eye should be washed out immediately with large amounts of water. […] If first-aid measures are unsuccessful, advise the casualty to seek medical help. […] Apply a sterile eye pad or a clean, non-fluffy pad over the injured eye. […] Arrange for the urgent transfer of the casualty to AE. […] Ask the casualty to keep their uninjured eye still as movement of that will also result in movement of the injured eye, which could aggravate the injury. […] Never try to remove an object, such as a dart, embedded in the eye. […] This procedure should be undertaken only after approved training, supervised practice and competency assessment, and carried out in accordance with local policies and protocols.

• #18 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  A foreign body is an object in your eye that shouldnt be there, such as a speck of dust, a wood chip, a metal shaving, an insect or a piece of glass. […] Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Most injuries from a foreign body in the eye are minor and usually heal without further problems given the right care. […] Possible complications include: infection and scarring if the foreign body is not removed from your eye, it may lead to infection and scarring. […] With the right care, most corneal abrasions even large ones heal within 48 hours. […] Your doctor or nurse checks your vision.

• #19 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #20 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  A foreign body is an object in your eye that shouldnt be there, such as a speck of dust, a wood chip, a metal shaving, an insect or a piece of glass. […] Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Most injuries from a foreign body in the eye are minor and usually heal without further problems given the right care. […] Possible complications include: infection and scarring if the foreign body is not removed from your eye, it may lead to infection and scarring. […] With the right care, most corneal abrasions even large ones heal within 48 hours. […] Your doctor or nurse checks your vision.

• #21

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-combat-wartime-eye-injury-military-blast

  Eye injuries during military operations have skyrocketed over the past decades as newer munitions create increasingly smaller debris that can devastate an eye. […] Most of these injuries are caused by blast fragments embedding in the eye and blast-wave contusions that cause trauma to the back of the eye. […] Eye injuries from wars, terrorist attacks, and civil unrest have become commonplace across the globe. To reduce the incidence and severity of these eye injuries, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma offer this advice. […] Eye protection can reduce the number and severity of eye injuries. The eyes surface makes up just 0.27% of the total surface of our bodies, but accounts for more than 13% of all combat injuries, studies show. […] DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye.

• #22 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #23 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Blunt eye trauma: Blunt trauma to your eye can fracture the bones around your eye (orbital fracture). […] Eye burns: Exposure to chemicals, radiation or extreme heat can burn the surface of your eye. […] Eye scratches: A corneal abrasion is a scratch on your cornea, the clear dome on the surface of your eye in front of the iris. […] Foreign body injuries: A foreign body is a particle in your eye that doesn’t belong there. […] Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury is when a sharp object punctures your eye, or when a high-speed projectile goes into your eye. […] Open globe injuries penetrate the wall of your eye, the white part (sclera) or the clear part (cornea). […] It can be hard to tell how serious your eye injury is based on how it looks or feels. […] All eye injuries can be serious. When in doubt, it’s best to have a healthcare provider look at it.

• #24 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Eye trauma is an injury to the eye that may result in visual impairment. […] Chemical burns are a medical emergency, and your child should receive immediate medical care. Chemical burns can result in a loss of vision and even a loss of the eye itself, if not treated promptly and accurately. […] This is a medical emergency, and immediate medical care is necessary. […] Treatment aims to promote healing, reduce pain, and prevent infection. […] Chemical burns require immediate intervention to prevent irreversible damage. […] Penetrating eye trauma is a severe ocular injury where an object pierces the eye, resulting in a full-thickness wound to the cornea, sclera, or both. […] Penetrating eye trauma is a medical emergency, requiring immediate and meticulous management to prevent complications.

• #25 Eye Injury

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/eye-injury/

  Injuries to the eye, eyelid, and area around the eye […] The main concern is whether the vision is damaged. […] Children less than 5 years old usually need to be examined. This is also true even if the injury seems minor. Having an exam is the only way to know the child’s vision is okay. […] Call Doctor or Seek Care Now […] Any cut on the eyelid or eyeball […] You think your child has a serious injury […] Self Care at Home […] Minor eye injury […] Call Your Doctor If: […] Changes in vision […] You think your child needs to be seen […] Your child becomes worse.

• #26 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Simple lacerations can be sutured. […] Septic lacerations should be cleaned and treated with systemic antibiotics. […] A sub-conjunctival haemorrhage is quite common after trauma and can be managed conservatively. […] Most hyphaema clear within five to six days with conservative treatment. […] The sight-threatening complications of hyphaema are caused by raised IOP, which is managed by oral acetazolamide (Diamox). […] The lens may be subluxated or even dislocated. […] Proptosis or diplopia (double vision) suggests serious eye injury for which specialist assessment and management is required. […] Burns to the eye may affect the eyelids, conjunctiva or cornea. […] The first aid management of chemicals in the eye is immediate and profuse irrigation with clean water after instilling local anaesthetic drops.

• #27 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  Eye injuries are a common cause of emergency department attendances. Eye trauma should always be fully assessed, as penetrating eye injuries are otherwise easily missed but can rapidly lead to sight-threatening infections. […] This article covers the assessment of eye injury including blunt trauma, orbital fracture, lid laceration, glue in the eye, chemical and deterrent spray injuries and signs suggesting non-accidental injury (NAI). […] Remember that trauma patients whose injuries include new vision problems may be restricted in their ability to co-operate with rehabilitative therapy. Consideration should be given to referring such patients to an ophthalmologist. […] The aim of assessment is to understand the mechanism and nature of the injury, identify associated injuries, identify factors that could worsen outcome, and decide whether referral is necessary and, if so, immediately or later.

• #28

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  You can’t always tell when an eye is injured. Some injuries are only obvious when they get really serious. […] Eye injuries can cause vision loss or blindness. That’s why having an ophthalmologist or other medical doctor examine the eye as soon as possible is important, even if the injury seems minor at first. DO NOT attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself. […] If you notice any of these signs in yourself or someone else, get medical help right away. These are signs of possibly serious eye injury: Ongoing pain in the eye, Trouble seeing, Cut or torn eyelid, One eye does not move as well as the other, One eye sticks out of the eye socket farther than the other, The eye has an unusual pupil size or shape, There is blood in the clear part of the eye, The person has something in the eye or under the eyelid that tears and blinking can’t remove.

• #29 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Pain and swelling: If you have significant eye pain that doesn’t go away, it might be more serious. […] Eye bleeding: Bleeding (hemorrhage) can occur in different parts of your eye. […] Vision changes: If an injury affects your vision for more than a few minutes, take notice. […] Changes in eye appearance: Notice if the injured eye looks different from the other eye. […] Foreign bodies: If you know something went into your eye and it hasn’t come out, you’ll need a doctor to remove it. […] Obvious eye trauma or deformity: If your eyeball is obviously wounded, or if any part of your eye or eye socket seems out of place or out of shape, don’t hesitate to seek care. […] Eye injuries are so painful because there are so many nerve endings in your eyeball. […] Common causes of eye injuries include: Sports injuries: Contact sports like football and boxing, sports involving flying balls and sports where you swing a racket, puck or bat are common causes of eye injuries.

• #30

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  You can’t always tell when an eye is injured. Some injuries are only obvious when they get really serious. […] Eye injuries can cause vision loss or blindness. That’s why having an ophthalmologist or other medical doctor examine the eye as soon as possible is important, even if the injury seems minor at first. DO NOT attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself. […] If you notice any of these signs in yourself or someone else, get medical help right away. These are signs of possibly serious eye injury: Ongoing pain in the eye, Trouble seeing, Cut or torn eyelid, One eye does not move as well as the other, One eye sticks out of the eye socket farther than the other, The eye has an unusual pupil size or shape, There is blood in the clear part of the eye, The person has something in the eye or under the eyelid that tears and blinking can’t remove.

• #31 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  Pain and swelling: If you have significant eye pain that doesn’t go away, it might be more serious. […] Eye bleeding: Bleeding (hemorrhage) can occur in different parts of your eye. […] Vision changes: If an injury affects your vision for more than a few minutes, take notice. […] Changes in eye appearance: Notice if the injured eye looks different from the other eye. […] Foreign bodies: If you know something went into your eye and it hasn’t come out, you’ll need a doctor to remove it. […] Obvious eye trauma or deformity: If your eyeball is obviously wounded, or if any part of your eye or eye socket seems out of place or out of shape, don’t hesitate to seek care. […] Eye injuries are so painful because there are so many nerve endings in your eyeball. […] Common causes of eye injuries include: Sports injuries: Contact sports like football and boxing, sports involving flying balls and sports where you swing a racket, puck or bat are common causes of eye injuries.

• #32 Eye Injuries – When to Seek Medical Care

  https://insighteye.com.au/eye-injuries-when-seek-medical-care/

  Let us premise this by stating that if you currently have an eye injury that you are wondering whether or not to seek medical care for, remain vigilant. Even seemingly small eye injuries can cause long-term damage if not treated correctly and quickly. […] Severe eye injuries can be a result of blunt force trauma, a laceration, a penetration from a sharp object or a chemical burn. There are also several eye emergencies that do not have an extreme or obvious cause but require immediate attention. […] Eye injury symptoms to seek immediate attention for: A change or loss of vision […] Trouble moving the eye […] A change in pupil size/shape pinhole or very dilated […] A penetrating object or foreign body within the eye (do not attempt to remove) […] Black patch(es) in vision […] Flashing lights

• #33 Eye Injury Emergency Care In Texas | Aether Health

  https://aetherhealth.org/services/eye-injury-emergency-care/

  We understand the urgency and concern that accompanies an eye injury. […] Prompt and specialized care is essential to safeguard your vision and overall eye health. […] Our team of experienced specialists is equipped with the expertise and resources to accurately diagnose and effectively treat a wide range of eye injuries. […] We employ advanced techniques and state-of-the-art technology to provide comprehensive care tailored to your specific needs. […] Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for seeking prompt medical attention and preventing potential complications. […] Diagnosing an eye injury requires a thorough evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional, typically an ophthalmologist or an optometrist with expertise in ocular trauma. […] We ensure immediate access to specialized care for patients experiencing eye emergencies.

• #34 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  A detailed, accurate history is important: how the injury was sustained is crucial, as any history of high-velocity injury raises the possibility of penetrating injury. […] The examination will be dictated by the patient’s ability to co-operate (level of consciousness, pain, intoxication, age) and, to a certain extent, your confidence. […] If you suspect or find signs of an open globe (penetrating) injury, stop the examination and follow process in 'Open globe (penetrating) eye injuries’ section, below. […] Most urgent eye injuries (which may rapidly lead to permanent impairment of sight) include chemical burns, retrobulbar haemorrhage, and open globe injuries including IOFBs. […] Eye injuries requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist include chemical burn, open globe injury or retrobulbar haemorrhage, difficulty in making a full assessment, and any of the 'serious symptoms and signs’.

• #35 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where a burn is suspected, first aid should take precedence over a complete examination. […] A complete examination of the eyes requires examination of: Visual acuity in both the injured and uninjured eye, Eye movement, Visual fields, Pupils, Lids, conjunctiva and sclera, Cornea, Anterior Chamber and Iris, Fundus, Palpate the orbital rim, Consider assessing intraocular pressure. […] Non-accidental causes are a common and significant cause of ocular trauma in paediatrics. […] Detailed fundoscopy by an ophthalmologist is required in all cases of suspected NAI, and should be considered in all cases of head injury of infants and young children. […] All chemical burns should be assessed by ophthalmology after wash-out. […] One of the most common paediatric ocular presentations to emergency: Present with (often sudden onset) painful and watering red eye. […] An eyelid laceration should be treated as a potential penetrating injury until proven otherwise.

• #36 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Where a burn is suspected, first aid should take precedence over a complete examination. […] A complete examination of the eyes requires examination of: Visual acuity in both the injured and uninjured eye, Eye movement, Visual fields, Pupils, Lids, conjunctiva and sclera, Cornea, Anterior Chamber and Iris, Fundus, Palpate the orbital rim, Consider assessing intraocular pressure. […] Non-accidental causes are a common and significant cause of ocular trauma in paediatrics. […] Detailed fundoscopy by an ophthalmologist is required in all cases of suspected NAI, and should be considered in all cases of head injury of infants and young children. […] All chemical burns should be assessed by ophthalmology after wash-out. […] One of the most common paediatric ocular presentations to emergency: Present with (often sudden onset) painful and watering red eye. […] An eyelid laceration should be treated as a potential penetrating injury until proven otherwise.

• #37 Eye Trauma | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/eye-injuries

  A detailed, accurate history is important: how the injury was sustained is crucial, as any history of high-velocity injury raises the possibility of penetrating injury. […] The examination will be dictated by the patient’s ability to co-operate (level of consciousness, pain, intoxication, age) and, to a certain extent, your confidence. […] If you suspect or find signs of an open globe (penetrating) injury, stop the examination and follow process in 'Open globe (penetrating) eye injuries’ section, below. […] Most urgent eye injuries (which may rapidly lead to permanent impairment of sight) include chemical burns, retrobulbar haemorrhage, and open globe injuries including IOFBs. […] Eye injuries requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist include chemical burn, open globe injury or retrobulbar haemorrhage, difficulty in making a full assessment, and any of the 'serious symptoms and signs’.

• #38 Recognizing and Treating Eye Injuries With Care

  https://www.meturgentcare.com/blog/recognizing-and-treating-eye-injuries-with-care

  Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma to the eyes, surrounding structures, or visual system. […] Ignoring eye injuries can lead to various complications and long-term consequences. Serious eye injuries might result in permanent visual loss, so prompt treatment is crucial to prevent deterioration and preserve vision. […] Swift action is crucial in treating eye injuries. Immediate treatment and seeking professional help can prevent severe complications. Whether it’s something in the eye or contact with chemicals, each situation needs unique care. Remember, never rub or apply pressure to the injured eye. Instead, gently rinse it with clean water and cover it to protect it from further harm. Getting medical help means the injury will be checked properly and treated the right way, keeping your vision and overall eye health safe.

• #39 Recognizing and Treating Eye Injuries With Care

  https://www.meturgentcare.com/blog/recognizing-and-treating-eye-injuries-with-care

  Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma to the eyes, surrounding structures, or visual system. […] Ignoring eye injuries can lead to various complications and long-term consequences. Serious eye injuries might result in permanent visual loss, so prompt treatment is crucial to prevent deterioration and preserve vision. […] Swift action is crucial in treating eye injuries. Immediate treatment and seeking professional help can prevent severe complications. Whether it’s something in the eye or contact with chemicals, each situation needs unique care. Remember, never rub or apply pressure to the injured eye. Instead, gently rinse it with clean water and cover it to protect it from further harm. Getting medical help means the injury will be checked properly and treated the right way, keeping your vision and overall eye health safe.

• #40

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. DO NOT touch, rub or apply pressure to the eye. DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye. Do not apply ointment or medication to the eye. Over-the-counter eye drops can be more painful or make the injury worse. Prescription medications should only be used for exactly the condition they were prescribed for, not for emergency treatment. See a doctor as soon as possible. If you can’t get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

• #41 First Aid for Eye Injuries – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-exams/eye-emergencies/first-aid-for-eye-injuries/

  For all eye injuries always seek medical care, either from your eye doctor, primary care physician or ER department. […] Call your doctor immediately if the pain becomes severe, symptoms worsen or vision changes are noticed. […] If you have sustained an eye injury, head to the nearest emergency room for initial emergency treatment. In the event you cannot reach an emergency room, contact an eye doctor near you. […] For any chemicals that splash into the eyes, it is essential to seek emergency medical care to remove the chemicals correctly and to treat any damage to the eye a soon as possible. […] If a chemical has splashed into an eye, first read the label on the package before doing anything, and follow the first aid treatment instructions for that specific item. […] The following emergencies require IMMEDIATE medical care: Sudden eye pain or vision loss, A cut on the eyelid, Reduced movement in one eye, A difference in pupil size between both eyes, Inability to contract or dilate pupils, Irregularly shaped pupil, Blood in or around the eye, Foreign body embedded in the eye or under the eyelid.

• #42

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-combat-wartime-eye-injury-military-blast

  DO NOT touch, rub, or apply pressure to the eye. […] DO NOT rinse with water. But if it becomes necessary during a conflict, use clean water. […] DO NOT apply ointment or medication to the eye. […] Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] After you have finished protecting the eye, get emergency medical help. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. […] Seek emergency medical treatment right away.

• #43

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries

  Injuries other than grit in the eye or small scratches to the eye should be considered potentially serious. DO NOT touch, rub or apply pressure to the eye. DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye. Do not apply ointment or medication to the eye. Over-the-counter eye drops can be more painful or make the injury worse. Prescription medications should only be used for exactly the condition they were prescribed for, not for emergency treatment. See a doctor as soon as possible. If you can’t get to an ophthalmologist right away, go to the emergency room.

• #44 First Aid for Eye Injuries – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-exams/eye-emergencies/first-aid-for-eye-injuries/

  For all eye injuries always seek medical care, either from your eye doctor, primary care physician or ER department. […] Call your doctor immediately if the pain becomes severe, symptoms worsen or vision changes are noticed. […] If you have sustained an eye injury, head to the nearest emergency room for initial emergency treatment. In the event you cannot reach an emergency room, contact an eye doctor near you. […] For any chemicals that splash into the eyes, it is essential to seek emergency medical care to remove the chemicals correctly and to treat any damage to the eye a soon as possible. […] If a chemical has splashed into an eye, first read the label on the package before doing anything, and follow the first aid treatment instructions for that specific item. […] The following emergencies require IMMEDIATE medical care: Sudden eye pain or vision loss, A cut on the eyelid, Reduced movement in one eye, A difference in pupil size between both eyes, Inability to contract or dilate pupils, Irregularly shaped pupil, Blood in or around the eye, Foreign body embedded in the eye or under the eyelid.

• #45

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-combat-wartime-eye-injury-military-blast

  DO NOT touch, rub, or apply pressure to the eye. […] DO NOT rinse with water. But if it becomes necessary during a conflict, use clean water. […] DO NOT apply ointment or medication to the eye. […] Gently place a shield (protective cover) over the eye. The bottom of a paper cup taped to the bones surrounding the eye can serve as a shield until you get medical attention. […] After you have finished protecting the eye, get emergency medical help. […] Immediately flush the eye with plenty of clean water. […] Seek emergency medical treatment right away.

• #46 Eye Injuries | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/eye-injuries

  Often caused by sports or other physical activity, eye injuries can be serious and are usually quite painful. They are also a common cause of vision loss in children. Eye injuries can range from corneal abrasions and chemical burns to bruising and having foreign bodies in the eye. […] Eye injuries affect more than 1 million people every year, yet 90 percent of these injuries are preventable with the use of appropriate safety eyewear. […] Any injury to your child’s eye should be considered a medical emergency, and immediate medical care is necessary. […] Physicians who specialize in comprehensive eye care are called ophthalmologists and are usually involved in the care of children with eye injuries. […] Treatment depends on the type of eye injury: […] Emergency action is required when your child’s eye has come in contact with chemicals. […] Most children with hyphema should be treated in an emergency room. […] Your child should consult with an ophthalmologist to decide on treatment.

• #47 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  A chemical burn occurs when a liquid or powder chemical contacts the eye. […] In many cases, prompt and thorough rinsing of the eye (with saline or fresh water) dramatically reduces the risk of injury and long-term damage. […] Always wear appropriate safety goggles or a face shield when handling liquid chemicals. […] For splashes of non-toxic liquids, such as soaps or shampoos, flushing the eye with fresh water is usually all the treatment you need. However, splashes from acids or alkali chemicals are serious and may cause vision loss. Rinse the eye and seek urgent medical attention. […] First aid suggestions include: Hold your face under running water for 15 to 20 minutes and allow the water stream to flood into your eyes. […] Seek immediate medical advice. Medical staff will need to know what chemical was involved, particularly whether it was acid or alkaline, liquid or powder.

• #48 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Eye trauma is an injury to the eye that may result in visual impairment. […] Chemical burns are a medical emergency, and your child should receive immediate medical care. Chemical burns can result in a loss of vision and even a loss of the eye itself, if not treated promptly and accurately. […] This is a medical emergency, and immediate medical care is necessary. […] Treatment aims to promote healing, reduce pain, and prevent infection. […] Chemical burns require immediate intervention to prevent irreversible damage. […] Penetrating eye trauma is a severe ocular injury where an object pierces the eye, resulting in a full-thickness wound to the cornea, sclera, or both. […] Penetrating eye trauma is a medical emergency, requiring immediate and meticulous management to prevent complications.

• #49 Eye Injury: Symptoms and Treatment | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/eye-injury?srsltid=AfmBOorBS_nrwqW51Mv_dRBnw0z3yxSnJ9jSmPi158kuHSpovUEtXnwy

  Check for signs and symptoms. […] *Note: Signs and symptoms with a * require immediate emergency medical treatment. […] For chemical splash, flush the eye with water until EMS arrives and begins care. […] For an imbedded object/splinter, seek immediate medical care. […] Reassure person you will help and that EMS has been called (if appropriate). […] Watch for changes in condition, including breathing and responsiveness, and give care as appropriate and trained. […] Be aware of your environment and surroundings. […] Use safety equipment that is available to you (helmets and protective eyewear), including personal protective equipment.

• #50 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  A chemical burn occurs when a liquid or powder chemical contacts the eye. […] In many cases, prompt and thorough rinsing of the eye (with saline or fresh water) dramatically reduces the risk of injury and long-term damage. […] Always wear appropriate safety goggles or a face shield when handling liquid chemicals. […] For splashes of non-toxic liquids, such as soaps or shampoos, flushing the eye with fresh water is usually all the treatment you need. However, splashes from acids or alkali chemicals are serious and may cause vision loss. Rinse the eye and seek urgent medical attention. […] First aid suggestions include: Hold your face under running water for 15 to 20 minutes and allow the water stream to flood into your eyes. […] Seek immediate medical advice. Medical staff will need to know what chemical was involved, particularly whether it was acid or alkaline, liquid or powder.

• #51 Eye Injury: Symptoms and Treatment | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/eye-injury?srsltid=AfmBOorBS_nrwqW51Mv_dRBnw0z3yxSnJ9jSmPi158kuHSpovUEtXnwy

  Check for signs and symptoms. […] *Note: Signs and symptoms with a * require immediate emergency medical treatment. […] For chemical splash, flush the eye with water until EMS arrives and begins care. […] For an imbedded object/splinter, seek immediate medical care. […] Reassure person you will help and that EMS has been called (if appropriate). […] Watch for changes in condition, including breathing and responsiveness, and give care as appropriate and trained. […] Be aware of your environment and surroundings. […] Use safety equipment that is available to you (helmets and protective eyewear), including personal protective equipment.

• #52 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  A chemical burn occurs when a liquid or powder chemical contacts the eye. […] In many cases, prompt and thorough rinsing of the eye (with saline or fresh water) dramatically reduces the risk of injury and long-term damage. […] Always wear appropriate safety goggles or a face shield when handling liquid chemicals. […] For splashes of non-toxic liquids, such as soaps or shampoos, flushing the eye with fresh water is usually all the treatment you need. However, splashes from acids or alkali chemicals are serious and may cause vision loss. Rinse the eye and seek urgent medical attention. […] First aid suggestions include: Hold your face under running water for 15 to 20 minutes and allow the water stream to flood into your eyes. […] Seek immediate medical advice. Medical staff will need to know what chemical was involved, particularly whether it was acid or alkaline, liquid or powder.

• #53 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  Do not judge the seriousness of your eye injury on the degree of pain. […] Treatment differs according to the chemical agent and the severity of the injury, but may include: pain-relieving medication, topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, medicated eye drops, lubricants applied to the eye surface to prevent the eyelids from sticking to the cornea as it heals, anti-inflammatory medication. […] Be guided by your doctor or healthcare professional, but general suggestions include: Attend all follow-up appointments. […] Wear eye protection every time you handle liquid or powder chemicals. […] Appropriate safety gear is the best way to reduce your risk of injury.

• #54 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  Do not judge the seriousness of your eye injury on the degree of pain. […] Treatment differs according to the chemical agent and the severity of the injury, but may include: pain-relieving medication, topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, medicated eye drops, lubricants applied to the eye surface to prevent the eyelids from sticking to the cornea as it heals, anti-inflammatory medication. […] Be guided by your doctor or healthcare professional, but general suggestions include: Attend all follow-up appointments. […] Wear eye protection every time you handle liquid or powder chemicals. […] Appropriate safety gear is the best way to reduce your risk of injury.

• #55 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Injuries to the eye are common. Many are minor but, if not treated quickly and appropriately, can lead to sight-threatening complications. Other injuries are severe, and even with expert management sight can be lost. Prevention of blindness from eye injuries requires: […] Accurate assessment (good primary eye care and first aid) […] Prophylaxis for tetanus infection is required for a patient with lacerations, particularly if dirty. […] Corneal foreign bodies can be removed after adequate topical anaesthesia under magnification with good illumination. […] Management is with an antibiotic and eye padding for one day. […] Any open injury of the globe needs emergency referral to an eye specialist. […] A globe ruptured by blunt trauma (e.g. a blow by a fist) should be treated in the same way as a penetrating injury, even if the rupture injury is sub-conjunctival.

• #56 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Injuries to the eye are common. Many are minor but, if not treated quickly and appropriately, can lead to sight-threatening complications. Other injuries are severe, and even with expert management sight can be lost. Prevention of blindness from eye injuries requires: […] Accurate assessment (good primary eye care and first aid) […] Prophylaxis for tetanus infection is required for a patient with lacerations, particularly if dirty. […] Corneal foreign bodies can be removed after adequate topical anaesthesia under magnification with good illumination. […] Management is with an antibiotic and eye padding for one day. […] Any open injury of the globe needs emergency referral to an eye specialist. […] A globe ruptured by blunt trauma (e.g. a blow by a fist) should be treated in the same way as a penetrating injury, even if the rupture injury is sub-conjunctival.

• #57 8 ocular injuries that trauma nurses should be ready for – Trauma System News

  https://trauma-news.com/2022/11/8-ocular-injuries-that-trauma-nurses-should-be-ready-for/

  The eye and its surrounding structures are highly complex, and an injury to this important body part can lead to permanent vision loss and disability. Because of these implications, many nurses are hesitant to care for patients with ocular injuries. […] While traumatic eye injuries can be distracting, they require rapid assessment to ensure that both blood supply and optic nerve function are maintained. Following are eight ocular injuries that trauma and emergency nurses should understand and be prepared to encounter. […] Treatment for corneal abrasions may include ophthalmic ointment, antibiotics and/or anesthetic drops. […] Patients that experience a chemical splash to the eye will most likely require copious irrigation. […] If a foreign body cannot be flushed out via irrigation, it should be stabilized as much as possible to prevent further damage to the eye.

• #58 Eye Injury: Symptoms and Treatment | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/eye-injury?srsltid=AfmBOorBS_nrwqW51Mv_dRBnw0z3yxSnJ9jSmPi158kuHSpovUEtXnwy

  Check for signs and symptoms. […] *Note: Signs and symptoms with a * require immediate emergency medical treatment. […] For chemical splash, flush the eye with water until EMS arrives and begins care. […] For an imbedded object/splinter, seek immediate medical care. […] Reassure person you will help and that EMS has been called (if appropriate). […] Watch for changes in condition, including breathing and responsiveness, and give care as appropriate and trained. […] Be aware of your environment and surroundings. […] Use safety equipment that is available to you (helmets and protective eyewear), including personal protective equipment.

• #59 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Injuries to the eye are common. Many are minor but, if not treated quickly and appropriately, can lead to sight-threatening complications. Other injuries are severe, and even with expert management sight can be lost. Prevention of blindness from eye injuries requires: […] Accurate assessment (good primary eye care and first aid) […] Prophylaxis for tetanus infection is required for a patient with lacerations, particularly if dirty. […] Corneal foreign bodies can be removed after adequate topical anaesthesia under magnification with good illumination. […] Management is with an antibiotic and eye padding for one day. […] Any open injury of the globe needs emergency referral to an eye specialist. […] A globe ruptured by blunt trauma (e.g. a blow by a fist) should be treated in the same way as a penetrating injury, even if the rupture injury is sub-conjunctival.

• #60 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Children are particularly vulnerable to ocular trauma. […] Serious eye injuries can be under appreciated in the child who has a painful eye, blurred vision or extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] Ensure prompt and adequate analgesia. […] If a ruptured globe is suspected or identified: stop examination, place an eye shield over the eye to avoid extrusion of ocular contents, obtain a CT Orbit (if there is a history of a possible foreign body), keep nil by mouth and refer urgently to ophthalmology. […] Paediatric ocular trauma is a cause of significant morbidity, with up to 280,000 hospital admissions worldwide per year. […] However, hospital admissions only account for around 5% of total eye injuries so it has been estimated that worldwide there are around 6 million episodes of eye injury in children.

• #61 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Children are particularly vulnerable to ocular trauma. […] Serious eye injuries can be under appreciated in the child who has a painful eye, blurred vision or extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] Ensure prompt and adequate analgesia. […] If a ruptured globe is suspected or identified: stop examination, place an eye shield over the eye to avoid extrusion of ocular contents, obtain a CT Orbit (if there is a history of a possible foreign body), keep nil by mouth and refer urgently to ophthalmology. […] Paediatric ocular trauma is a cause of significant morbidity, with up to 280,000 hospital admissions worldwide per year. […] However, hospital admissions only account for around 5% of total eye injuries so it has been estimated that worldwide there are around 6 million episodes of eye injury in children.

• #62 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Injuries to the eye are common. Many are minor but, if not treated quickly and appropriately, can lead to sight-threatening complications. Other injuries are severe, and even with expert management sight can be lost. Prevention of blindness from eye injuries requires: […] Accurate assessment (good primary eye care and first aid) […] Prophylaxis for tetanus infection is required for a patient with lacerations, particularly if dirty. […] Corneal foreign bodies can be removed after adequate topical anaesthesia under magnification with good illumination. […] Management is with an antibiotic and eye padding for one day. […] Any open injury of the globe needs emergency referral to an eye specialist. […] A globe ruptured by blunt trauma (e.g. a blow by a fist) should be treated in the same way as a penetrating injury, even if the rupture injury is sub-conjunctival.

• #63 7 Common Eye Injuries and How to Treat Them

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/injuries/common-eye-injuries/

  Depending on the substance, the effects of chemical exposures causing eye injuries can range from minor irritation and red eyes to serious eye damage and even blindness. […] The best immediate treatment for this type of eye injury is an ice pack. […] You should see an eye doctor to make sure there’s no internal damage. […] Traumatic iritis usually requires treatment. […] Hyphemas and blowout fractures are serious eye injuries and medical emergencies. […] If you have any eye injury, contact your eye care practitioner immediately for advice. […] Treat all eye injuries as potential emergencies, and never hesitate to contact or see an eye doctor immediately.

• #64 7 Common Eye Injuries and How to Treat Them

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/injuries/common-eye-injuries/

  Depending on the substance, the effects of chemical exposures causing eye injuries can range from minor irritation and red eyes to serious eye damage and even blindness. […] The best immediate treatment for this type of eye injury is an ice pack. […] You should see an eye doctor to make sure there’s no internal damage. […] Traumatic iritis usually requires treatment. […] Hyphemas and blowout fractures are serious eye injuries and medical emergencies. […] If you have any eye injury, contact your eye care practitioner immediately for advice. […] Treat all eye injuries as potential emergencies, and never hesitate to contact or see an eye doctor immediately.

• #65 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Simple lacerations can be sutured. […] Septic lacerations should be cleaned and treated with systemic antibiotics. […] A sub-conjunctival haemorrhage is quite common after trauma and can be managed conservatively. […] Most hyphaema clear within five to six days with conservative treatment. […] The sight-threatening complications of hyphaema are caused by raised IOP, which is managed by oral acetazolamide (Diamox). […] The lens may be subluxated or even dislocated. […] Proptosis or diplopia (double vision) suggests serious eye injury for which specialist assessment and management is required. […] Burns to the eye may affect the eyelids, conjunctiva or cornea. […] The first aid management of chemicals in the eye is immediate and profuse irrigation with clean water after instilling local anaesthetic drops.

• #66 Assessing and managing eye injuries

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1705680/

  Simple lacerations can be sutured. […] Septic lacerations should be cleaned and treated with systemic antibiotics. […] A sub-conjunctival haemorrhage is quite common after trauma and can be managed conservatively. […] Most hyphaema clear within five to six days with conservative treatment. […] The sight-threatening complications of hyphaema are caused by raised IOP, which is managed by oral acetazolamide (Diamox). […] The lens may be subluxated or even dislocated. […] Proptosis or diplopia (double vision) suggests serious eye injury for which specialist assessment and management is required. […] Burns to the eye may affect the eyelids, conjunctiva or cornea. […] The first aid management of chemicals in the eye is immediate and profuse irrigation with clean water after instilling local anaesthetic drops.

• #67 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #68 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #69 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #70 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

• #71 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #72 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #73 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

• #74 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #75 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #76 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

• #77 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #78 Eye Trauma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/eye-trauma/

  Blunt trauma to the eye refers to injuries caused by a non-penetrating force that impacts the eye and surrounding structures. […] Blunt trauma to the eye can lead to complex injuries requiring prompt, systematic management. […] General Nursing Interventions for Patients with Eye Trauma. […] Assess Visual Acuity. […] Inspect the Eye for Injuries. […] Apply Sterile Eye Dressing. […] Maintain Head Elevation. […] Administer Prescribed Medications. […] Avoid Eye Rubbing. […] Assess for Pain. […] Use Cold Compresses for Swelling. […] Monitor for Signs of Infection. […] Provide Emotional Support. […] Educate on Proper Medication Use. […] Monitor for Vision Changes. […] Protect the Unaffected Eye. […] Facilitate Diagnostic Testing. […] Prepare for Surgical Intervention.

• #79 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

• #80 Ocular Trauma Prevention Strategies and Patient Counseling – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580537/

  Ocular trauma poses a significant public health concern, ranging from workplace accidents to sports-related injuries, with potential consequences varying from complete recovery to irreversible blindness. […] Fortunately, many ocular injuries can be prevented by implementing appropriate strategies and patient counseling. […] This discussion aims to inform healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public about the importance of ocular trauma prevention and provide practical guidance on minimizing the risk of eye injuries. […] The primary function of ocular trauma prevention strategies and patient counseling is to reduce the incidence of ocular injuries. […] Another critical function is to preserve and protect the vision of individuals. […] Patient counseling plays a key role in educating individuals about the potential risks of ocular trauma and the steps they can take to prevent it.

• #81 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  It is important to remember that most eye injuries are preventable by wearing unit-issued protective eyewear. […] Damage to an eye from trauma can be irreversible and lead to permanent loss of vision or blindness if not identified and treated appropriately and as early as possible. […] If a penetrating eye injury is noted or suspected, three steps must be taken: Perform a rapid field test of visual acuity and document findings. […] Cover the affected eye with a rigid eye shield, NOT a pressure patch. […] Administer the casualty’s complete Combat Wound Medication Pack (CWMP), including all the medications contained in it. […] Remember: Document all findings (including visual acuity) and treatments on the casualty’s DD Form 1380. […] Rapid visual acuity testing is NOT a formal vision screening with a Snellen Eye Chart.

• #82

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/caring-for-your-eyes/protecting-your-vision

  Eye injuries in the workplace are very common. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that every day about 2,000 U.S. workers sustain job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment. However, safety experts and eye doctors believe the right eye protection can lessen the severity or even prevent 90% of these eye injuries. […] Chemicals or foreign objects in the eye and scratches on the cornea are common eye injuries that occur at work. Other common eye injuries come from fluids splashed in the eye, burns from steam and ultraviolet or infrared radiation exposure. […] Workers experience eye injuries on the job for two major reasons: They were not wearing proper eye protection. They were wearing the wrong kind of protection for the job. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workers to use eye and face protection whenever there is a reasonable probability of injury that could be prevented by such equipment. Personal protective eyewear, such as goggles, face shields, safety glasses or full face respirators must be used when an eye hazard exists.

• #83

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/caring-for-your-eyes/protecting-your-vision

  Eye injuries in the workplace are very common. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that every day about 2,000 U.S. workers sustain job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment. However, safety experts and eye doctors believe the right eye protection can lessen the severity or even prevent 90% of these eye injuries. […] Chemicals or foreign objects in the eye and scratches on the cornea are common eye injuries that occur at work. Other common eye injuries come from fluids splashed in the eye, burns from steam and ultraviolet or infrared radiation exposure. […] Workers experience eye injuries on the job for two major reasons: They were not wearing proper eye protection. They were wearing the wrong kind of protection for the job. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workers to use eye and face protection whenever there is a reasonable probability of injury that could be prevented by such equipment. Personal protective eyewear, such as goggles, face shields, safety glasses or full face respirators must be used when an eye hazard exists.

• #84 Preventing Eye Injuries

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/85,P00513

  Every year, eye injuries affect about 2.4 million people, including more than 125,000 serious eye injuries caused by household products, and nearly 30,000 eye injuries from sports. […] You can protect your eyes from injury at home by following these tips: […] Wear chemical safety goggles when using hazardous solvents and detergents. Dont mix cleaning agents. […] Wear protective eye gear while using a lawnmower or weed trimmer, because debris may fly through the air. […] Wear safety goggles or glasses during sports and leisure activities. […] Get medical care right away for any eye injury. Don’t try to treat eye injuries on your own.

• #85 Preventing Eye Injuries

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/85,P00513

  Every year, eye injuries affect about 2.4 million people, including more than 125,000 serious eye injuries caused by household products, and nearly 30,000 eye injuries from sports. […] You can protect your eyes from injury at home by following these tips: […] Wear chemical safety goggles when using hazardous solvents and detergents. Dont mix cleaning agents. […] Wear protective eye gear while using a lawnmower or weed trimmer, because debris may fly through the air. […] Wear safety goggles or glasses during sports and leisure activities. […] Get medical care right away for any eye injury. Don’t try to treat eye injuries on your own.

• #86 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Sharp instruments are the most common cause of injury, followed by plants, animals, toys or sports equipment. […] In the Australian context, it has been estimated that sports-related eye injuries make up 11% of all paediatric eye injuries. […] Boys are twice as likely to sustain a significant eye injury compared to girls. […] Serious eye injuries can be under-appreciated when children present with a painful, blurred vision or an extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] In all traumatic eye injuries consider the following principles: Manage (other) life threatening injuries, Ensure the structural integrity of the globe, Assess vision in the injured AND the uninjured eye, Seek ophthalmology consultation where required. […] Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents.

• #87 Eye Care/Avoiding Eye Injuries – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=eye-careavoiding-eye-injuries-90-P01575

  Eye injuries affect more than 2.5 million people every year, yet 90 percent of these injuries are preventable with the use of appropriate safety eyewear. […] Household products cause more than 125,000 serious eye injuries each year. […] Recommended protective eyewear should be worn during the appropriate sports and recreational activities. […] Each year, hospital emergency rooms treat nearly 40,000 victims of sports eye injuries. […] There are safety measures for choosing, applying, and wearing cosmetics, which you should discuss with your daughter to help protect her eyes while wearing contact lenses. […] Symptoms of eye strain are often relieved by resting the eyes, changing the work environment, and/or wearing the proper glasses. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has provided the following helpful suggestions for making the appropriate workstation modifications to help avoid eye strain.

• #88 Eye Care/Avoiding Eye Injuries – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=eye-careavoiding-eye-injuries-90-P01575

  Eye injuries affect more than 2.5 million people every year, yet 90 percent of these injuries are preventable with the use of appropriate safety eyewear. […] Household products cause more than 125,000 serious eye injuries each year. […] Recommended protective eyewear should be worn during the appropriate sports and recreational activities. […] Each year, hospital emergency rooms treat nearly 40,000 victims of sports eye injuries. […] There are safety measures for choosing, applying, and wearing cosmetics, which you should discuss with your daughter to help protect her eyes while wearing contact lenses. […] Symptoms of eye strain are often relieved by resting the eyes, changing the work environment, and/or wearing the proper glasses. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has provided the following helpful suggestions for making the appropriate workstation modifications to help avoid eye strain.

• #89 Preventing Eye Injuries (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eye-injury.html

  Eye injuries in kids can lead to serious vision problems, even blindness. Wearing protective eyewear can prevent most eye injuries. Protective eye wear is made with shatterproof plastic. This means that even if the plastic cracks, it wont break into small pieces. Regular glasses do not protect the eyes well. The glass in regular glasses usually isnt shatterproof. If it breaks, small pieces can go into the eye. Contact lenses do not protect the eyes from injuries. […] In sports where eye injury is possible, kids should wear safety or sport glasses with shatterproof plastic (called polycarbonate lenses). […] At home, a person should wear safety glasses or goggles (stamped with „ANSI Z87.1” and available at most hardware stores) when they mow the lawn and do other lawn work, use tools, especially ones that create flying debris like a saw, sander, or metal grinder, and work with hazardous chemicals such as oven cleaner or bleach.

• #90 Ocular Trauma Prevention Strategies and Patient Counseling – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580537/

  Ocular trauma poses a significant public health concern, ranging from workplace accidents to sports-related injuries, with potential consequences varying from complete recovery to irreversible blindness. […] Fortunately, many ocular injuries can be prevented by implementing appropriate strategies and patient counseling. […] This discussion aims to inform healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public about the importance of ocular trauma prevention and provide practical guidance on minimizing the risk of eye injuries. […] The primary function of ocular trauma prevention strategies and patient counseling is to reduce the incidence of ocular injuries. […] Another critical function is to preserve and protect the vision of individuals. […] Patient counseling plays a key role in educating individuals about the potential risks of ocular trauma and the steps they can take to prevent it.

• #91 Ocular Trauma Prevention Strategies and Patient Counseling – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580537/

  Providing patients with practical strategies and recommendations for eye protection is essential. […] Patients should be educated on appropriate first aid measures to take in the event of an ocular injury. […] Encouraging patients to schedule regular eye examinations is essential. […] In workplace settings, patient counseling and prevention strategies should create a safety culture where employees are encouraged to use protective gear, follow safety protocols, and report hazards. […] Advocating for policies and regulations that promote eye safety, such as mandatory safety standards for protective eyewear in specific industries or sports, is part of the broader function of ocular trauma prevention. […] Overall, the function of ocular trauma prevention strategies and patient counseling is to minimize eye injuries, reduce their severity when they occur, and ultimately preserve individuals’ visual health and well-being.

• #92 Ocular Trauma Prevention Strategies and Patient Counseling – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580537/

  Providing patients with practical strategies and recommendations for eye protection is essential. […] Patients should be educated on appropriate first aid measures to take in the event of an ocular injury. […] Encouraging patients to schedule regular eye examinations is essential. […] In workplace settings, patient counseling and prevention strategies should create a safety culture where employees are encouraged to use protective gear, follow safety protocols, and report hazards. […] Advocating for policies and regulations that promote eye safety, such as mandatory safety standards for protective eyewear in specific industries or sports, is part of the broader function of ocular trauma prevention. […] Overall, the function of ocular trauma prevention strategies and patient counseling is to minimize eye injuries, reduce their severity when they occur, and ultimately preserve individuals’ visual health and well-being.

• #93 Ocular Trauma Prevention Strategies and Patient Counseling – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580537/

  Providing patients with practical strategies and recommendations for eye protection is essential. […] Patients should be educated on appropriate first aid measures to take in the event of an ocular injury. […] Encouraging patients to schedule regular eye examinations is essential. […] In workplace settings, patient counseling and prevention strategies should create a safety culture where employees are encouraged to use protective gear, follow safety protocols, and report hazards. […] Advocating for policies and regulations that promote eye safety, such as mandatory safety standards for protective eyewear in specific industries or sports, is part of the broader function of ocular trauma prevention. […] Overall, the function of ocular trauma prevention strategies and patient counseling is to minimize eye injuries, reduce their severity when they occur, and ultimately preserve individuals’ visual health and well-being.

• #94 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Children are particularly vulnerable to ocular trauma. […] Serious eye injuries can be under appreciated in the child who has a painful eye, blurred vision or extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] Ensure prompt and adequate analgesia. […] If a ruptured globe is suspected or identified: stop examination, place an eye shield over the eye to avoid extrusion of ocular contents, obtain a CT Orbit (if there is a history of a possible foreign body), keep nil by mouth and refer urgently to ophthalmology. […] Paediatric ocular trauma is a cause of significant morbidity, with up to 280,000 hospital admissions worldwide per year. […] However, hospital admissions only account for around 5% of total eye injuries so it has been estimated that worldwide there are around 6 million episodes of eye injury in children.

• #95 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Open globe injury (ruptured globe due to blunt trauma, or laceration due to a penetrating injury) is a severe form, which, in children, is most commonly caused secondary to penetration with a sharp object whilst at home. […] Children account for between 20 and 59% of all eye injuries. […] They are more predisposed to eye injury due to their developing physical coordination, limited ability to detect environmental risks and a more vulnerable facial morphology. […] The outcome of paediatric eye injuries is worse than that of adults due to their visual immaturity, increased years of visual loss and potential for amblyopia. […] Most paediatric eye injuries (66.2%) occur during play predominantly whilst at home under supervision of parents / caregivers (47.7%), but often whilst at school / nursery (24.4%).

• #96 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Open globe injury (ruptured globe due to blunt trauma, or laceration due to a penetrating injury) is a severe form, which, in children, is most commonly caused secondary to penetration with a sharp object whilst at home. […] Children account for between 20 and 59% of all eye injuries. […] They are more predisposed to eye injury due to their developing physical coordination, limited ability to detect environmental risks and a more vulnerable facial morphology. […] The outcome of paediatric eye injuries is worse than that of adults due to their visual immaturity, increased years of visual loss and potential for amblyopia. […] Most paediatric eye injuries (66.2%) occur during play predominantly whilst at home under supervision of parents / caregivers (47.7%), but often whilst at school / nursery (24.4%).

• #97 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Open globe injury (ruptured globe due to blunt trauma, or laceration due to a penetrating injury) is a severe form, which, in children, is most commonly caused secondary to penetration with a sharp object whilst at home. […] Children account for between 20 and 59% of all eye injuries. […] They are more predisposed to eye injury due to their developing physical coordination, limited ability to detect environmental risks and a more vulnerable facial morphology. […] The outcome of paediatric eye injuries is worse than that of adults due to their visual immaturity, increased years of visual loss and potential for amblyopia. […] Most paediatric eye injuries (66.2%) occur during play predominantly whilst at home under supervision of parents / caregivers (47.7%), but often whilst at school / nursery (24.4%).

• #98 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Open globe injury (ruptured globe due to blunt trauma, or laceration due to a penetrating injury) is a severe form, which, in children, is most commonly caused secondary to penetration with a sharp object whilst at home. […] Children account for between 20 and 59% of all eye injuries. […] They are more predisposed to eye injury due to their developing physical coordination, limited ability to detect environmental risks and a more vulnerable facial morphology. […] The outcome of paediatric eye injuries is worse than that of adults due to their visual immaturity, increased years of visual loss and potential for amblyopia. […] Most paediatric eye injuries (66.2%) occur during play predominantly whilst at home under supervision of parents / caregivers (47.7%), but often whilst at school / nursery (24.4%).

• #99 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Sharp instruments are the most common cause of injury, followed by plants, animals, toys or sports equipment. […] In the Australian context, it has been estimated that sports-related eye injuries make up 11% of all paediatric eye injuries. […] Boys are twice as likely to sustain a significant eye injury compared to girls. […] Serious eye injuries can be under-appreciated when children present with a painful, blurred vision or an extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] In all traumatic eye injuries consider the following principles: Manage (other) life threatening injuries, Ensure the structural integrity of the globe, Assess vision in the injured AND the uninjured eye, Seek ophthalmology consultation where required. […] Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents.

• #100 Eye injury

  https://www.rch.org.au/trauma-service/manual/eye-injury/

  Sharp instruments are the most common cause of injury, followed by plants, animals, toys or sports equipment. […] In the Australian context, it has been estimated that sports-related eye injuries make up 11% of all paediatric eye injuries. […] Boys are twice as likely to sustain a significant eye injury compared to girls. […] Serious eye injuries can be under-appreciated when children present with a painful, blurred vision or an extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage. […] In all traumatic eye injuries consider the following principles: Manage (other) life threatening injuries, Ensure the structural integrity of the globe, Assess vision in the injured AND the uninjured eye, Seek ophthalmology consultation where required. […] Where an open globe injury is suspected it is important to minimise child distress as crying can raise ocular pressure leading to extrusion of intraocular contents.

• #101 How to Respond to These Five Workplace Eye Injuries – DMEI | Dean McGee Eye Institute

  https://www.dmei.org/blog/how-to-respond-to-these-five-workplace-eye-injuries/

  Eye injuries in the workplace happen more often than you think. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 2,000 workplace eye injuries happen each year. […] Eye injuries can cause serious complications and both temporary and long-term vision loss. Although we dont recommend you attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself, we do suggest you be aware of some common workplace injuries and how to appropriately respond to them. […] The most important thing you can do to protect your vision at work is to always follow the recommended safety measures on the equipment you are using. Also, wear appropriate protective eyewear, which can prevent more than 90% of serious eye injuries. […] If harmful chemicals enter the eyes, it should be treated as an immediate emergency to limit damage that range from temporary redness to blindness. The chemical can also enter the bloodstream from the eyes, causing further harm to the body.

• #102 How to Respond to These Five Workplace Eye Injuries – DMEI | Dean McGee Eye Institute

  https://www.dmei.org/blog/how-to-respond-to-these-five-workplace-eye-injuries/

  Eye injuries in the workplace happen more often than you think. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 2,000 workplace eye injuries happen each year. […] Eye injuries can cause serious complications and both temporary and long-term vision loss. Although we dont recommend you attempt to treat a serious eye injury yourself, we do suggest you be aware of some common workplace injuries and how to appropriately respond to them. […] The most important thing you can do to protect your vision at work is to always follow the recommended safety measures on the equipment you are using. Also, wear appropriate protective eyewear, which can prevent more than 90% of serious eye injuries. […] If harmful chemicals enter the eyes, it should be treated as an immediate emergency to limit damage that range from temporary redness to blindness. The chemical can also enter the bloodstream from the eyes, causing further harm to the body.

• #103

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/caring-for-your-eyes/protecting-your-vision

  Eye injuries in the workplace are very common. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that every day about 2,000 U.S. workers sustain job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment. However, safety experts and eye doctors believe the right eye protection can lessen the severity or even prevent 90% of these eye injuries. […] Chemicals or foreign objects in the eye and scratches on the cornea are common eye injuries that occur at work. Other common eye injuries come from fluids splashed in the eye, burns from steam and ultraviolet or infrared radiation exposure. […] Workers experience eye injuries on the job for two major reasons: They were not wearing proper eye protection. They were wearing the wrong kind of protection for the job. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workers to use eye and face protection whenever there is a reasonable probability of injury that could be prevented by such equipment. Personal protective eyewear, such as goggles, face shields, safety glasses or full face respirators must be used when an eye hazard exists.

• #104

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/caring-for-your-eyes/protecting-your-vision

  Eye injuries in the workplace are very common. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that every day about 2,000 U.S. workers sustain job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment. However, safety experts and eye doctors believe the right eye protection can lessen the severity or even prevent 90% of these eye injuries. […] Chemicals or foreign objects in the eye and scratches on the cornea are common eye injuries that occur at work. Other common eye injuries come from fluids splashed in the eye, burns from steam and ultraviolet or infrared radiation exposure. […] Workers experience eye injuries on the job for two major reasons: They were not wearing proper eye protection. They were wearing the wrong kind of protection for the job. […] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workers to use eye and face protection whenever there is a reasonable probability of injury that could be prevented by such equipment. Personal protective eyewear, such as goggles, face shields, safety glasses or full face respirators must be used when an eye hazard exists.

• #105

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-combat-wartime-eye-injury-military-blast

  Eye injuries during military operations have skyrocketed over the past decades as newer munitions create increasingly smaller debris that can devastate an eye. […] Most of these injuries are caused by blast fragments embedding in the eye and blast-wave contusions that cause trauma to the back of the eye. […] Eye injuries from wars, terrorist attacks, and civil unrest have become commonplace across the globe. To reduce the incidence and severity of these eye injuries, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma offer this advice. […] Eye protection can reduce the number and severity of eye injuries. The eyes surface makes up just 0.27% of the total surface of our bodies, but accounts for more than 13% of all combat injuries, studies show. […] DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye.

• #106

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-combat-wartime-eye-injury-military-blast

  Eye injuries during military operations have skyrocketed over the past decades as newer munitions create increasingly smaller debris that can devastate an eye. […] Most of these injuries are caused by blast fragments embedding in the eye and blast-wave contusions that cause trauma to the back of the eye. […] Eye injuries from wars, terrorist attacks, and civil unrest have become commonplace across the globe. To reduce the incidence and severity of these eye injuries, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma offer this advice. […] Eye protection can reduce the number and severity of eye injuries. The eyes surface makes up just 0.27% of the total surface of our bodies, but accounts for more than 13% of all combat injuries, studies show. […] DO NOT try to remove any objects stuck in the eye.

• #107 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  Assessment and management of eye injuries is part of the H in the MARCH PAWS sequence (included with head injuries). […] It is important that you understand the roles and responsibilities of the nonmedical personnel (All Service Members (ASM) and Combat Lifesaver (CLS)) who may be assessing casualties and providing care/assisting in the assessment and treatment of casualties with eye injuries in the prehospital environment. […] The cognitive learning objective is to identify the basic care of an eye injury in accordance with CoTCCC Guidelines. […] The performance learning objectives are to demonstrate a rapid field test of visual acuity and demonstrate the application of a rigid eye shield on a trauma casualty with an eye injury. […] Eye injuries should be evaluated after other life-threatening injuries have been addressed.

• #108 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  It is important to remember that most eye injuries are preventable by wearing unit-issued protective eyewear. […] Damage to an eye from trauma can be irreversible and lead to permanent loss of vision or blindness if not identified and treated appropriately and as early as possible. […] If a penetrating eye injury is noted or suspected, three steps must be taken: Perform a rapid field test of visual acuity and document findings. […] Cover the affected eye with a rigid eye shield, NOT a pressure patch. […] Administer the casualty’s complete Combat Wound Medication Pack (CWMP), including all the medications contained in it. […] Remember: Document all findings (including visual acuity) and treatments on the casualty’s DD Form 1380. […] Rapid visual acuity testing is NOT a formal vision screening with a Snellen Eye Chart.

• #109 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  It is important to remember that most eye injuries are preventable by wearing unit-issued protective eyewear. […] Damage to an eye from trauma can be irreversible and lead to permanent loss of vision or blindness if not identified and treated appropriately and as early as possible. […] If a penetrating eye injury is noted or suspected, three steps must be taken: Perform a rapid field test of visual acuity and document findings. […] Cover the affected eye with a rigid eye shield, NOT a pressure patch. […] Administer the casualty’s complete Combat Wound Medication Pack (CWMP), including all the medications contained in it. […] Remember: Document all findings (including visual acuity) and treatments on the casualty’s DD Form 1380. […] Rapid visual acuity testing is NOT a formal vision screening with a Snellen Eye Chart.

• #110 Eye Injuries

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/module-14-eye-injuries-cmc

  It is important to remember that most eye injuries are preventable by wearing unit-issued protective eyewear. […] Damage to an eye from trauma can be irreversible and lead to permanent loss of vision or blindness if not identified and treated appropriately and as early as possible. […] If a penetrating eye injury is noted or suspected, three steps must be taken: Perform a rapid field test of visual acuity and document findings. […] Cover the affected eye with a rigid eye shield, NOT a pressure patch. […] Administer the casualty’s complete Combat Wound Medication Pack (CWMP), including all the medications contained in it. […] Remember: Document all findings (including visual acuity) and treatments on the casualty’s DD Form 1380. […] Rapid visual acuity testing is NOT a formal vision screening with a Snellen Eye Chart.

• #111 Eye Injury: Types, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/eye-injury

  The most important thing you can do to protect yourself from an eye injury is to wear the right protective eyewear for your activity. […] The outlook for people with eye injuries varies. Early evaluation by an eye doctor and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis and help avoid permanent vision loss. […] Call your provider right away if you or your child has signs of an eye injury. […] If chemicals or other irritants are in the eye, flush the eye with clean water and call your provider. […] If the injury is severe, call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately. […] If you or your child has an eye injury, don’t rub the eye. Never try to remove a sharp object from the eye or the area around the eye. Some eye injuries can cause permanent vision loss — get medical care right away.

• #112 Eye Injuries | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/eye-injuries-eyein

  You can prevent eye injuries by using protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when you work with power tools or chemicals. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] If you are concerned that your eye symptoms may be more serious, you may need to check with your doctor. […] Call a doctor if any of the following occur during self-care at home: Vision changes, such as blurred vision, loss of vision, or double vision. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home.

• #113 Eye Injuries | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/eye-injuries-eyein

  You can prevent eye injuries by using protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when you work with power tools or chemicals. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] If you are concerned that your eye symptoms may be more serious, you may need to check with your doctor. […] Call a doctor if any of the following occur during self-care at home: Vision changes, such as blurred vision, loss of vision, or double vision. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home.

• #114 Eye Injuries | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/eye-injuries-eyein

  You can prevent eye injuries by using protective eyewear. Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when you work with power tools or chemicals. […] After an eye injury, you need to watch for vision changes and symptoms of an infection. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home. […] If you are concerned that your eye symptoms may be more serious, you may need to check with your doctor. […] Call a doctor if any of the following occur during self-care at home: Vision changes, such as blurred vision, loss of vision, or double vision. […] Most minor eye injuries can be treated at home.

• #115 Eye Injuries That Should Be Seen In The ER | iCare

  https://www.icare-er.com/eye-injuries-that-should-be-seen-in-the-er/

  The healing and recovery period after a traumatic eye injury can vary dramatically based on the nature and severity of the injury, the treatment that was performed, and other factors. […] The caring ER physicians at iCare ER & Urgent Care understand the critical role that your eyes and eyesight play in everyday life and are committed to providing the most advanced eye injury treatments available to ensure efficient and complete healing. […] Without a doubt, the best way to prevent serious eye injury is to wear protective eyewear during high-risk activities, including cooking, handling chemicals, cleaning, playing sports, doing yard work, painting, and working with tools. […] In the event that you do experience a traumatic eye injury, seek emergency room treatment as quickly as possible.

• #116 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  Do not judge the seriousness of your eye injury on the degree of pain. […] Treatment differs according to the chemical agent and the severity of the injury, but may include: pain-relieving medication, topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, medicated eye drops, lubricants applied to the eye surface to prevent the eyelids from sticking to the cornea as it heals, anti-inflammatory medication. […] Be guided by your doctor or healthcare professional, but general suggestions include: Attend all follow-up appointments. […] Wear eye protection every time you handle liquid or powder chemicals. […] Appropriate safety gear is the best way to reduce your risk of injury.

• #117 Eye injuries – chemical burns | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-chemical-burns

  Do not judge the seriousness of your eye injury on the degree of pain. […] Treatment differs according to the chemical agent and the severity of the injury, but may include: pain-relieving medication, topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, medicated eye drops, lubricants applied to the eye surface to prevent the eyelids from sticking to the cornea as it heals, anti-inflammatory medication. […] Be guided by your doctor or healthcare professional, but general suggestions include: Attend all follow-up appointments. […] Wear eye protection every time you handle liquid or powder chemicals. […] Appropriate safety gear is the best way to reduce your risk of injury.

• #118 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  A foreign body is an object in your eye that shouldnt be there, such as a speck of dust, a wood chip, a metal shaving, an insect or a piece of glass. […] Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Most injuries from a foreign body in the eye are minor and usually heal without further problems given the right care. […] Possible complications include: infection and scarring if the foreign body is not removed from your eye, it may lead to infection and scarring. […] With the right care, most corneal abrasions even large ones heal within 48 hours. […] Your doctor or nurse checks your vision.

• #119 Eye injuries – foreign body in the eye | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eye-injuries-foreign-body-in-the-eye

  A foreign body is an object in your eye that shouldnt be there, such as a speck of dust, a wood chip, a metal shaving, an insect or a piece of glass. […] Dont try to remove a foreign body from your eye yourself go straight to your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department for help. […] With the right care, most injuries from a foreign body in the eye heal without further problems. […] Most injuries from a foreign body in the eye are minor and usually heal without further problems given the right care. […] Possible complications include: infection and scarring if the foreign body is not removed from your eye, it may lead to infection and scarring. […] With the right care, most corneal abrasions even large ones heal within 48 hours. […] Your doctor or nurse checks your vision.

• #120 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

• #121 Chemical eye injuries 2: management and nursing care to promote visual rehabilitation | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/emergency-and-critical-care/chemical-eye-injuries-2-management-and-nursing-care-to-promote-visual-rehabilitation-12-06-2009/

  This second in a two-part unit examines treatment and nursing management of chemical eye injuries. […] Immediate irrigation is vital to ensure the chemical agent is washed away. This is the most important consideration in chemical burns and offers the best chance of reducing the ultimate damage to the eye. […] The decision to admit is discussed with patients, including the treatment to be started on the ward. […] Patients with chemical burns often experience severe pain. Analgesia is given as needed and pain monitored as ocular pain could indicate raised intraocular pressure and complications. […] Patients and relatives are often extremely concerned about the degree of injury and the possibility of permanent sight loss. Nurses role is to offer comfort and support during their stay on the ward. […] In hospital, aggressive early management and close long-term monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation.

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