Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  Trachoma results from bacterial infection of the conjunctiva by Chlamydia Trachomatis. Repeated infections of the conjunctivae with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to trichiasis, corneal opacity and blindness. It prevails in impoverished communities where hygiene is inadequate. Infection occurs primarily among younger children and is transmitted from person to person mainly through contact and sometimes by eye-seeking flies. […] Trachoma is the worlds leading infectious cause of blindness and one of 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that collectively affect over one billion of the worlds poorest people. […] As of 2021, trachoma is known to be a public health problem in 44 countries, affecting communities with limited access to healthcare and other essential infrastructure, including water, sanitation and hygiene.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Trachoma is a disease of the eye caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Blindness from trachoma is irreversible. […] In 2023, 130 746 people received surgical treatment for advanced stage of the disease, and 32.9 million people were treated with antibiotics. […] After years of repeated infection, the inside of the eyelid can become so severely scarred (trachomatous conjunctival scarring) that it turns inwards and causes the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball (trachomatous trichiasis), resulting in constant pain and light intolerance. […] Left untreated, this condition leads to the formation of irreversible opacities, with resulting visual impairment or blindness. […] Women are blinded up to 4 times as often as men, probably due to their close contact with infected children and their resulting greater frequency of infection episodes.

• #3 Trachoma – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/trachoma

  Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide and is transmitted by direct contact with ocular and nasal secretions of persons infected with particular serovars of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] The active form of the disease presents as an inflammatory conjunctivitis, repeated episodes of which may result in scarring of the conjunctiva, leading in some cases to inversion of the eyelashes toward the eye. When one or more eyelashes of the upper eyelid turned inward and rub against the eye, or there is evidence of recent eyelash epilation of eyelashes directed toward the eye, trachomatous trichiasis (TT) occurs. This is the chronic form of the disease, which, if left untreated, can lead to the development of corneal opacity, visual impairment, and blindness. […] Trachoma can be eliminated as a public health problem. The SAFE strategy is the trachoma elimination strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which includes interventions in S-surgery for TT management, A-antibiotics to treat infection, F-facial hygiene, and E-improved environmental conditions (improved access to water and basic sanitation) to prevent infection and interrupt disease transmission.

• #4 Trachoma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/trachoma/

  Trachoma is a contagious infection of the conjunctiva and cornea characterized by formation of granulation and scarring. […] Trachoma is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria and is essentially preventable and curable. […] Nursing Care includes regular cleaning of the eyes, disinfecting equipment used, encouraging hand washing, and providing nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Trachoma includes acute pain related to swelling of the lymph nodes, photophobia, and inflammation, as well as disturbed sensory perception related to damage to the cornea.

• #5 Trachoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25148-trachoma

  Trachoma is an eye condition caused by a bacterium that can affect your eyesight if untreated. Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection that starts out being a little bit like pink eye (conjunctivitis), with symptoms of redness, irritation and discharge. Your provider can treat trachoma with an antibiotic in the early stages of the disease. […] In early stages, your provider can treat and cure trachoma by giving you antibiotics. The two drugs recommended for trachoma are azithromycin and an ointment made with tetracycline. […] Trachoma that isnt treated, or trachoma that happens repeatedly, can develop into trachomatous trichiasis. Your provider may suggest surgery. This can change the position of eyelashes so they no longer scrape your eye. This should prevent further scarring.

• #6 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Trachoma.aspx

  Trachoma can be characterized by discharge from the eyes and repeated infections that tend to cause the eyelashes to curl into the eye. This can lead to scratching of the cornea, blurred vision, and eventually loss of vision. […] The initial infection of trachoma usually occurs in childhood and repeated infections cause the condition of the eyes and vision to worsen gradually. […] As trachoma is an infectious disease that is common in regions with poor sanitation, many actions can be taken to prevent the condition and related complications. […] The antibiotic azithromycin offers an ideal solution to active trachoma infection. It is available as a single oral dose that can easily be distributed and, thus far, antibiotic resistance has not posed as an issue. Azithromycin has few side effects, is cost-effective, and works very well to eradicate trachoma infection.

• #7 Diagnosing trachoma for elimination – Somatosphere

  https://somatosphere.com/2018/diagnosing-trachoma-for-elimination.html/

  Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, caused by ocular infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is targeted for elimination as a public health problem by the year 2020. The treatment and prevention strategy to achieve elimination is known as SAFE, and includes: Surgery for in-turned eyelashes, Antibiotics, given as mass drug administration (or MDA), to treat infection, and Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement to limit transmission of infection. […] Trachoma is diagnosed using clinical signs, using what is known as the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system. […] Ocular infection with chlamydia predominantly occurs in children, and results in a keratoconjunctivitis. […] Trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), where there are characteristic off-white follicles of ≥0.5 mm, is the characteristic sign of active trachoma.

• #8 Diagnosing trachoma for elimination – Somatosphere

  https://somatosphere.com/2018/diagnosing-trachoma-for-elimination.html/

  Some individuals develop intense inflammatory disease (Trachomatous inflammation-intense [TI]) and after repeated rounds of infection there can trachomatous scarring (TS), which can cause distortion of the lid margin and shortening of the upper eyelid, pulling the eye lashes inwards to scratch against the eyeball (trachomatous trichiasis [TT]), which may then result in corneal opacity and blindness. […] To certify as having eliminated trachoma, countries submit a dossier to WHO, including showing that the prevalence of TT unknown to the health system is <2 cases per 1000 population aged ≥15 years, and that the prevalence of TF in 1-9 year-olds has fallen below 5%, and that this has been sustained for at least two years, in each formerly endemic district. [...] The presence of clinical signs of active trachoma (TF and TI) is poorly correlated with detection of infection, especially after MDA where clinical signs tend to over-estimate prevalence relative to infection.

• #9 Diagnosing trachoma for elimination – Somatosphere

  https://somatosphere.com/2018/diagnosing-trachoma-for-elimination.html/

  Some individuals develop intense inflammatory disease (Trachomatous inflammation-intense [TI]) and after repeated rounds of infection there can trachomatous scarring (TS), which can cause distortion of the lid margin and shortening of the upper eyelid, pulling the eye lashes inwards to scratch against the eyeball (trachomatous trichiasis [TT]), which may then result in corneal opacity and blindness. […] To certify as having eliminated trachoma, countries submit a dossier to WHO, including showing that the prevalence of TT unknown to the health system is <2 cases per 1000 population aged ≥15 years, and that the prevalence of TF in 1-9 year-olds has fallen below 5%, and that this has been sustained for at least two years, in each formerly endemic district. [...] The presence of clinical signs of active trachoma (TF and TI) is poorly correlated with detection of infection, especially after MDA where clinical signs tend to over-estimate prevalence relative to infection.

• #10 Eyes – trachoma | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-trachoma

  Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eye that can cause complications including blindness. […] Treatment includes antibiotics to kill the infection, surgery to correct eyelid deformities and health promotion and environmental health to promote clean faces. […] Treatment for trachoma may include antibiotic medications a single oral dose of an antibiotic (azithromycin) is the first line of treatment in uncomplicated cases. This medication kills off the bacteria so that the body’s natural healing processes can repair the eye. […] Surgery is used to correct the eyelid deformity and evert (turn outwards) the injured eyelashes in older people. […] A clean face and clean environment are the main prevention strategies to combat trachoma (no visible secretions from the eyes or nose). […] The proper implementation of the full SAFE Strategy has significantly reduced trachoma in many communities.

• #11

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Trachoma is a disease of the eye caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Blindness from trachoma is irreversible. […] In 2023, 130 746 people received surgical treatment for advanced stage of the disease, and 32.9 million people were treated with antibiotics. […] After years of repeated infection, the inside of the eyelid can become so severely scarred (trachomatous conjunctival scarring) that it turns inwards and causes the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball (trachomatous trichiasis), resulting in constant pain and light intolerance. […] Left untreated, this condition leads to the formation of irreversible opacities, with resulting visual impairment or blindness. […] Women are blinded up to 4 times as often as men, probably due to their close contact with infected children and their resulting greater frequency of infection episodes.

• #12 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Your doctor can diagnose trachoma through a physical examination or by sending a sample of bacteria from your eyes to a laboratory for testing. But lab tests aren’t always available in places where trachoma is common. […] Trachoma treatment options depend on the stage of the disease. […] In the early stages of trachoma, treatment with antibiotics alone may be enough to eliminate the infection. Your doctor may prescribe tetracycline eye ointment or oral azithromycin (Zithromax). Azithromycin appears to be more effective than tetracycline, but it’s more expensive. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends giving antibiotics to an entire community when more than 10% of children have been affected by trachoma. The goal of this guideline is to treat anyone who has been exposed to trachoma and reduce the spread of trachoma.

• #13 Trachoma Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/trachoma

  Trachoma is an infection of the eye caused by bacteria called chlamydia. […] Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. […] The health care provider will do an eye exam to look for scarring on the inside of the upper eye lid, redness of the white part of the eyes, and new blood vessel growth into the cornea. […] Antibiotics can prevent long-term complications if used early in the infection. In certain cases, eyelid surgery may be needed to prevent long-term scarring, which can lead to blindness if not corrected. […] Outcomes are very good if treatment is started early before scarring and changes to the eyelids develop. […] If the eyelids become very irritated, the eyelashes may turn in and rub against the cornea. This can cause corneal ulcers, additional scars, vision loss, and possibly, blindness. […] Contact your provider if you or your child recently visited an area where trachoma is common and you notice symptoms of conjunctivitis. […] Spread of the infection can be limited by washing your hands and face often, keeping clothes clean, and not sharing items such as towels.

• #14

  https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-PBL-93.33

  This manual and set of slides have been produced to assist trainers of health workers to teach a simplified assessment of trachoma. The manual is for use by the trainer to explain how to examine children and adults for signs of trachoma and how to use the simplified grading scheme. The slides demonstrate the clinical signs and grades of trachoma infection. […] However, it is essential to have clinical training as well, to demonstrate the signs of trachoma and its complications in individual patients.

• #15 Diagnosing trachoma for elimination – Somatosphere

  https://somatosphere.com/2018/diagnosing-trachoma-for-elimination.html/

  Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, caused by ocular infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is targeted for elimination as a public health problem by the year 2020. The treatment and prevention strategy to achieve elimination is known as SAFE, and includes: Surgery for in-turned eyelashes, Antibiotics, given as mass drug administration (or MDA), to treat infection, and Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement to limit transmission of infection. […] Trachoma is diagnosed using clinical signs, using what is known as the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system. […] Ocular infection with chlamydia predominantly occurs in children, and results in a keratoconjunctivitis. […] Trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), where there are characteristic off-white follicles of ≥0.5 mm, is the characteristic sign of active trachoma.

• #16 Diagnosing trachoma for elimination – Somatosphere

  https://somatosphere.com/2018/diagnosing-trachoma-for-elimination.html/

  Studies have shown that tests for infection, including lab-based nucleic acid amplification tests, can be cost-effective, especially when their use results in stopping or not initiating MDA. […] There therefore remains a need for a fit-for-purpose (“ASSURED”) diagnostic test that can be conducted in-country after minimal training, in order to provide community level prevalence estimates to guide elimination efforts.

• #17 Correlation of Clinical Trachoma and Infection in Aboriginal Communities | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0000986

  Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness due to conjunctival infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. […] The presence of active trachoma and evidence of infection are poorly correlated and a strong immunologically-mediated inflammatory response means that clinical signs last much longer than infection. […] Trachoma in the Aboriginal communities requires specific control measures. […] Detailed studies of the pathogenesis, distribution and natural history of trachoma should use finer grading schemes for the more precise identification of clinical status. […] The WHO simplified clinical grading scheme currently used for assessment of trachoma has a poor correlation with C. trachomatis genomic test findings, even though the detection of bacterial genome is strongly correlated with the prevalence and severity of active trachoma.

• #18 Trachoma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/trachoma/

  Trachoma is a contagious infection of the conjunctiva and cornea characterized by formation of granulation and scarring. […] Trachoma is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria and is essentially preventable and curable. […] Nursing Care includes regular cleaning of the eyes, disinfecting equipment used, encouraging hand washing, and providing nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Trachoma includes acute pain related to swelling of the lymph nodes, photophobia, and inflammation, as well as disturbed sensory perception related to damage to the cornea.

• #19 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Trachoma, a chronic infectious eye disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, remains a significant global health concern, particularly in regions with limited access to sanitation and healthcare resources. This nursing care plan for trachoma is designed to address the unique challenges associated with this preventable and treatable condition. Trachoma primarily affects the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes, leading to repeated cycles of infection, scarring, and visual impairment if left untreated. […] The care plan focuses on comprehensive nursing assessments, targeted interventions, and health education to mitigate the impact of trachoma on affected individuals and communities. By incorporating preventive measures, promoting hygiene practices, and collaborating with healthcare providers, the nursing care plan aims to contribute to the control and eventual elimination of trachoma, safeguarding the ocular health and overall well-being of those at risk.

• #20 Trachoma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/trachoma/

  Trachoma is a contagious infection of the conjunctiva and cornea characterized by formation of granulation and scarring. […] Trachoma is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria and is essentially preventable and curable. […] Nursing Care includes regular cleaning of the eyes, disinfecting equipment used, encouraging hand washing, and providing nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Trachoma includes acute pain related to swelling of the lymph nodes, photophobia, and inflammation, as well as disturbed sensory perception related to damage to the cornea.

• #21 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment for trachoma, healthcare professionals can identify the severity of the condition, tailor interventions to individual needs, and contribute to the effective management and prevention of this infectious eye disease. The assessment serves as a foundation for developing a targeted care plan aimed at improving ocular health and preventing the long-term complications associated with trachoma. […] By identifying these nursing diagnoses, healthcare professionals can develop targeted interventions to address the specific needs and risks associated with trachoma. The goal is to provide individualized and holistic care that promotes prevention, optimal management, and overall well-being for individuals affected by this infectious eye disease. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, healthcare professionals aim to not only manage the immediate symptoms of trachoma but also address the broader aspects of prevention, community education, and psychosocial support. The goal is to contribute to the reduction of trachoma-related morbidity, prevent blindness, and promote the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #22 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment for trachoma, healthcare professionals can identify the severity of the condition, tailor interventions to individual needs, and contribute to the effective management and prevention of this infectious eye disease. The assessment serves as a foundation for developing a targeted care plan aimed at improving ocular health and preventing the long-term complications associated with trachoma. […] By identifying these nursing diagnoses, healthcare professionals can develop targeted interventions to address the specific needs and risks associated with trachoma. The goal is to provide individualized and holistic care that promotes prevention, optimal management, and overall well-being for individuals affected by this infectious eye disease. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, healthcare professionals aim to not only manage the immediate symptoms of trachoma but also address the broader aspects of prevention, community education, and psychosocial support. The goal is to contribute to the reduction of trachoma-related morbidity, prevent blindness, and promote the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #23 Trachoma – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/trachoma/

  Trachoma is a contagious infection of the conjunctiva and cornea characterized by formation of granulation and scarring. […] Trachoma is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria and is essentially preventable and curable. […] Nursing Care includes regular cleaning of the eyes, disinfecting equipment used, encouraging hand washing, and providing nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. […] Nursing Diagnosis for Trachoma includes acute pain related to swelling of the lymph nodes, photophobia, and inflammation, as well as disturbed sensory perception related to damage to the cornea.

• #24 Sightsavers blog

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/diseases/tt-tracker-app/

  Digital technology has become an essential tool in the fight against trachoma, one of the worlds oldest neglected tropical diseases. Our TT Tracker app ensures that patients undergoing trachoma surgery get the aftercare treatment they need. […] The only way to treat trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the advanced form of trachoma, is to operate. However, those most affected by the disease often live in remote places, miles away from the nearest health clinic. […] Patients data is collected when they first register for surgery, and then throughout their treatment journey. This includes their appointment on the day of their surgery and three follow-up appointments. […] As well as supporting individual patients, the TT Tracker helps programmes understand how well surgeons are performing. And it gathers information on patient demographics, the number of patients and surgeries, the status of follow-up appointments and surgical outcomes, which is all updated daily and stored securely. […] We are using the TT Tracker in five countries and are working to bring its benefits to more parts of the world.

• #25 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  The nursing care plan for trachoma reflects a holistic and collaborative approach aimed at addressing the unique challenges posed by this infectious eye disease. Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, not only affects ocular health but also carries implications for the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. Through a combination of preventive measures, targeted interventions, and community engagement, healthcare professionals strive to mitigate the impact of trachoma and contribute to the reduction of its prevalence. […] The nursing care plan underscores the significance of health education in promoting proper eye hygiene, emphasizing the importance of clean water, and encouraging adherence to prescribed antibiotic treatments. Management of trachoma-related complications, such as trichiasis, involves collaboration with ophthalmologists and other specialists to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.

• #26 Trachoma | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/trachoma

  Education of the peoples involved is difficult. Because the disease is not fatal, they have little concern, accepting the disease as a fact of life. Mothers are being educated to find time to retrieve well water for washing their children’s faces even when drought and poverty make feeding their families a trial. Mothers are being taught to understand the relationship between dirt on children’s faces and the eye diseases making their own eyes red and sore.

• #27 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #28 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #29 Trachoma – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/trachoma/trachoma+-+including+symptoms%2C+treatment+and+prevention

  The WHO and the Communicable Disease Network Australia recommend the SAFE strategy, 4 actions which aim to eliminate trachoma: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics (azithromycin) for cases of active trachoma and their contacts, Facial cleanliness by promoting clean faces to reduce spread of infection, Environmental improvements to improve overcrowding, water and sanitation facilities.

• #30 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #31 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Your doctor can diagnose trachoma through a physical examination or by sending a sample of bacteria from your eyes to a laboratory for testing. But lab tests aren’t always available in places where trachoma is common. […] Trachoma treatment options depend on the stage of the disease. […] In the early stages of trachoma, treatment with antibiotics alone may be enough to eliminate the infection. Your doctor may prescribe tetracycline eye ointment or oral azithromycin (Zithromax). Azithromycin appears to be more effective than tetracycline, but it’s more expensive. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends giving antibiotics to an entire community when more than 10% of children have been affected by trachoma. The goal of this guideline is to treat anyone who has been exposed to trachoma and reduce the spread of trachoma.

• #32 Trachoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25148-trachoma

  Trachoma is an eye condition caused by a bacterium that can affect your eyesight if untreated. Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection that starts out being a little bit like pink eye (conjunctivitis), with symptoms of redness, irritation and discharge. Your provider can treat trachoma with an antibiotic in the early stages of the disease. […] In early stages, your provider can treat and cure trachoma by giving you antibiotics. The two drugs recommended for trachoma are azithromycin and an ointment made with tetracycline. […] Trachoma that isnt treated, or trachoma that happens repeatedly, can develop into trachomatous trichiasis. Your provider may suggest surgery. This can change the position of eyelashes so they no longer scrape your eye. This should prevent further scarring.

• #33 Trachoma | MSF Medical Guidelines

  https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/en/viewport/CG/english/trachoma-16689733.html

  Trachoma is a highly contagious keratoconjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis. The disease is endemic in the poorest rural areas of Africa, Asia, Central and South America and the Middle East. […] The WHO classifies trachoma into 5 stages. Early diagnosis and treatment of first stages is essential to avoid the development of trichiasis and associated complications. […] Stages 1 and 2: Clean eyes and face several times per day. Antibiotic treatment: The treatment of choice is azithromycin PO: Children: 20 mg/kg single dose Adults: 1 g single dose Failing the above, 1% tetracycline eye ointment: one application 2 times daily for 6 weeks, or, as a last resort, erythromycin PO: 20 mg/kg (max. 1 g) 2 times daily for 14 days. […] While waiting for surgery, if regular patient follow-up is possible, taping eyelashes to the eyelid is a palliative measure that can help protect the cornea. In certain cases, this may lead to permanent correction of the trichiasis within a few months. […] Cleaning of the eyes, face and hands with clean water reduces direct transmission and the development of secondary bacterial infections.

• #34 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #35 Trachoma | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-022-00359-5

  The goal of the A component is to clear infection from as much of the community as possible, rather than merely treating individuals with clinically apparent active trachoma. […] The goal of the F and E components of the SAFE strategy is to reduce the transmission of conjunctival Ct. […] The incidence of adverse events, such as local irritation or skin reactions, with the use of tetracycline eye ointment is extremely low. Azithromycin is also very well tolerated. […] Although surgery is expected to primarily limit further loss of vision owing to ongoing corneal opacification, high-quality surgery can actually improve visual acuity compared with the pre-operative baseline, presumably by reducing corneal oedema and tearing.

• #36 Trachoma: The Silent Blindness – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/stories/trachoma-silent-blindness

  In Wakara, another community in the Colombian jungle, staff from Vaupes Health Secretary arrive to administer azithromycin tablets for children, for three consecutive years and reduce transmission of trachoma. […] Surgery will help reduce pain that he feels in the eyes caused by stuck eyelashes to eyelid and rub against the cornea.

• #37 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #38 Trachoma | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/trachoma

  Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, primarily affecting children in developing regions where access to clean water and hygiene practices are limited. […] Treatment typically involves the use of tetracycline eye ointment and promoting facial cleanliness to prevent reinfection. In more advanced cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to correct eyelid position. […] Tetracycline eye ointment, twice a day for six weeks, gets rid of the infection. Face cleansing, especially for children, is the best way to prevent infection, along with environmental improvement and education. After the disease has advanced, the last hope is a surgical procedure to rotate the eyelid to its original position. The procedure is relatively simple. Nurses, medical assistants, and technicians can be trained to perform it at local clinics.

• #39 Trachoma – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Trachoma

  Most common cause of infectious blindness worldwide. […] More than 6 million blind secondary to trachoma and more than 150 million in need of treatment. […] Typically affects most marginalized populations in the world. […] Known as the „quiet disease” because of its slow chronic course. […] Blindness after repeated infections caused by structural changes to the inner eyelid. […] Major complications include corneal ulcers. […] S.A.F.E. strategy proposed by WHO. […] Surgery: Bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure recommended by WHO. […] Antibiotics: Tetracycline 1% eye ointment. […] Adherence issues secondary to difficulty in use and uncomfortable to apply. […] Azithromycin (20mg/kg) single dose. […] Relatively expensive in resource poor settings. […] Facial cleanliness helps decrease disease transmission. […] Environmental management: WHO emphasizes access to latrine and clean water.

• #40 Trachoma – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/trachoma

  The main risk factors for the occurrence of the disease are related to lack of access to water, the presence of flies, poor hygienic conditions, and overcrowding. Repeated infections since childhood and during youth seem to be necessary to produce the complications that occur later in life. […] Major interventions should be directed at preventing trachoma infection including improved sanitation and increased facial hygiene activities (with clean water) for children at risk for the disease. The pain and suffering due to trachomatous trichiasis, which can eventually cause visual impairment and irreversible blindness, can be alleviated by a simple surgical procedure performed locally. […] Depending on the prevalence of follicular trachomatous inflammation (TF) in children aged 1 to 9 years at the district level, mass administration of antibiotics to all residents of these communities is recommended once a year. WHO recommends two antibiotics for the control of trachoma: tetracycline 1% in ophthalmic ointment for children under 6 months, and oral azithromycin.

• #41 Trachoma | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/trachoma-149781577/149781577

  Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis, primarily affecting the superficial epithelium of conjunctiva and cornea simultaneously. It is characterized by a mixed follicular and papillary response of conjunctival tissue. […] Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness in the world due to recurrent ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness in the world. […] The WHO’s SAFE strategy aims to eliminate trachoma blindness globally by 2020 through surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvements. […] Treatment of active trachoma includes topical therapy regimes such as tetracycline or erythromycin eye ointment for 6 weeks, and systemic therapy regimes like tetracycline or erythromycin orally for 3-4 weeks.

• #42 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Your doctor can diagnose trachoma through a physical examination or by sending a sample of bacteria from your eyes to a laboratory for testing. But lab tests aren’t always available in places where trachoma is common. […] Trachoma treatment options depend on the stage of the disease. […] In the early stages of trachoma, treatment with antibiotics alone may be enough to eliminate the infection. Your doctor may prescribe tetracycline eye ointment or oral azithromycin (Zithromax). Azithromycin appears to be more effective than tetracycline, but it’s more expensive. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends giving antibiotics to an entire community when more than 10% of children have been affected by trachoma. The goal of this guideline is to treat anyone who has been exposed to trachoma and reduce the spread of trachoma.

• #43 Trachoma | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/trachoma?content_id=CON-20378488

  Trachoma is the leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide. […] Early treatment may help prevent trachoma complications. […] Call your doctor if you or your child has itchy or irritated eyes or discharge from the eyes, especially if you live in or recently traveled to an area where trachoma is common. Trachoma is a contagious condition. Treating it as soon as possible helps prevent serious infection. […] If you’ve been treated for trachoma with antibiotics or surgery, reinfection is always a concern. For your protection and for the safety of others, be sure that family members or others you live with are screened and, if necessary, treated for trachoma. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends giving antibiotics to an entire community when more than 10% of children have been affected by trachoma. The goal of this guideline is to treat anyone who has been exposed to trachoma and reduce the spread of trachoma.

• #44

  https://step2.medbullets.com/ophthalmology/121871/trachoma

  Trachoma is an ocular surface infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and is a leading cause of preventible blindness worldwide. […] Treatment is typically with azithromycin. […] mass antibiotic therapy has been effective in trachoma elimination efforts. […] Surgical intervention may be indicated for cicatricial disease. […] Repeated infections are common in endemic areas. […] Corneal scarring and opacification may occur in untreated cases, leading to blindness.

• #45 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy. S stands for trichiasis surgery. […] Eyelid surgery to correct trichiasis is important in people with trichiasis, who are at high-risk for trachomatous visual impairment and blindness. […] Long-term, intermittent follow-up care is required for patients with active or cicatricial disease.

• #46 Trachoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559035/

  The SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) recommended by WHO includes surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics, facial hygiene, and environmental improvement measures. […] Management of trichiasis and cicatricial entropion in trachoma involves a range of surgical techniques to correct eyelid abnormalities and prevent corneal damage. […] Effective management of trichiasis and cicatricial entropion in trachoma is imperative to prevent visual disability. […] Comprehensive trachoma control initiatives, supported by global partnerships, are crucial for sustained eradication of the disease.

• #47 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Treatment of later stages of trachoma including painful eyelid deformities may require surgery. […] In eyelid rotation surgery (bilamellar tarsal rotation), your doctor makes an incision in your scarred lid and rotates your eyelashes away from your cornea. The procedure limits the progression of corneal scarring and may help prevent further loss of vision. […] If your cornea has become clouded enough to seriously impair your vision, corneal transplantation may be an option that could improve vision. […] You may have a procedure to remove eyelashes (epilation) in some cases. This procedure may need to be done repeatedly.

• #48 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends eliminating trachomatous blindness through the SAFE strategy: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotic treatment, Facial cleanliness and Environmental hygiene. […] To assess the effects of interventions for trachomatous trichiasis for people living in endemic settings. […] We included randomised trials of any intervention intended to treat trachomatous trichiasis. […] Our primary outcome was postoperative trichiasis which was defined as any lash touching the globe at three months, one year or two years after surgery. […] Five studies compared different surgical interventions. Most surgical interventions were performed by nonphysician technicians. These trials suggest the most effective surgery is full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the terminal tarsal strip.

• #49 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Trachoma.aspx

  Patients who have had numerous trachoma infections may be at risk of visual impairment or blindness due to the turning in of the eyelashes. Trichiasis surgery can be performed to reverse the direction of the eyelashes and simply prevent the deterioration of sight. This also offers the added benefit of a higher quality of life for the individuals.

• #50 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Treatment of later stages of trachoma including painful eyelid deformities may require surgery. […] In eyelid rotation surgery (bilamellar tarsal rotation), your doctor makes an incision in your scarred lid and rotates your eyelashes away from your cornea. The procedure limits the progression of corneal scarring and may help prevent further loss of vision. […] If your cornea has become clouded enough to seriously impair your vision, corneal transplantation may be an option that could improve vision. […] You may have a procedure to remove eyelashes (epilation) in some cases. This procedure may need to be done repeatedly.

• #51 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin was found to be the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. […] Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. […] Surgery performed with silk or absorbable sutures gave comparable results. […] The primary aim of treatment for trichiasis is to prevent blindness due to trauma from the lashes abrading the cornea. […] Surgical procedures for lash ablation or removal include electrolysis, cryotherapy, and excision of lash-bearing tissue. […] In trachoma-endemic countries the most commonly used procedures are bilamellar tarsal rotation, posterior lamellar tarsal rotation, and tarsal advance and rotation.

• #52 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin was found to be the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. […] Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. […] Surgery performed with silk or absorbable sutures gave comparable results. […] The primary aim of treatment for trichiasis is to prevent blindness due to trauma from the lashes abrading the cornea. […] Surgical procedures for lash ablation or removal include electrolysis, cryotherapy, and excision of lash-bearing tissue. […] In trachoma-endemic countries the most commonly used procedures are bilamellar tarsal rotation, posterior lamellar tarsal rotation, and tarsal advance and rotation.

• #53 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  The lash treatments directly remove or ablate the follicles. […] The choice of treatment will depend on factors such as available resources and expertise, location (opportunity for follow up) and how advanced the disease is. […] The WHO strategy for the control of blinding trachoma calls for lid surgery to be delivered by ophthalmic assistants as well as ophthalmologists. […] Although surgery generally produces good results, in many settings only a minority of patients with trichiasis will attend for surgery. […] Delivery of surgery in the community or nonsurgical management of trichiasis may be more acceptable than surgery in a conventional hospital setting. […] The use of a lid clamp in the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure did not reduce postoperative trichiasis but was associated with better eyelid contour outcomes and fewer granulomas.

• #54 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin was found to be the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. […] Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. […] Surgery performed with silk or absorbable sutures gave comparable results. […] The primary aim of treatment for trichiasis is to prevent blindness due to trauma from the lashes abrading the cornea. […] Surgical procedures for lash ablation or removal include electrolysis, cryotherapy, and excision of lash-bearing tissue. […] In trachoma-endemic countries the most commonly used procedures are bilamellar tarsal rotation, posterior lamellar tarsal rotation, and tarsal advance and rotation.

• #55 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Treatment of later stages of trachoma including painful eyelid deformities may require surgery. […] In eyelid rotation surgery (bilamellar tarsal rotation), your doctor makes an incision in your scarred lid and rotates your eyelashes away from your cornea. The procedure limits the progression of corneal scarring and may help prevent further loss of vision. […] If your cornea has become clouded enough to seriously impair your vision, corneal transplantation may be an option that could improve vision. […] You may have a procedure to remove eyelashes (epilation) in some cases. This procedure may need to be done repeatedly.

• #56 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  Interventions to treat minor trichiasis by destroying the lashes, such as cryotherapy and electrolysis, appear to have low success rates in preventing recurrent trichiasis compared to bilamellar tarsal rotation surgery. […] Epilation is widely practised in most regions that have a high prevalence of trichiasis and it may have a role in the management of minor trichiasis where there are only a few peripheral lashes and a patient declines surgery. […] The study comparing silk with absorbable sutures found no difference in the recurrence rates at one or two years. […] The uptake of trichiasis surgery is often low; strategies that increase the proportion of patients who attend for surgery need to be developed. […] Local health workers (nurses, medical assistants or non-ophthalmologist doctors) may be trained to a level where they can perform trichiasis surgery as effectively as an ophthalmologist. […] If uptake for trichiasis surgery is low in central settings, consideration should be given to providing it in patients’ own communities.

• #57 Trachoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378509

  Treatment of later stages of trachoma including painful eyelid deformities may require surgery. […] In eyelid rotation surgery (bilamellar tarsal rotation), your doctor makes an incision in your scarred lid and rotates your eyelashes away from your cornea. The procedure limits the progression of corneal scarring and may help prevent further loss of vision. […] If your cornea has become clouded enough to seriously impair your vision, corneal transplantation may be an option that could improve vision. […] You may have a procedure to remove eyelashes (epilation) in some cases. This procedure may need to be done repeatedly.

• #58 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  The lash treatments directly remove or ablate the follicles. […] The choice of treatment will depend on factors such as available resources and expertise, location (opportunity for follow up) and how advanced the disease is. […] The WHO strategy for the control of blinding trachoma calls for lid surgery to be delivered by ophthalmic assistants as well as ophthalmologists. […] Although surgery generally produces good results, in many settings only a minority of patients with trichiasis will attend for surgery. […] Delivery of surgery in the community or nonsurgical management of trichiasis may be more acceptable than surgery in a conventional hospital setting. […] The use of a lid clamp in the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure did not reduce postoperative trichiasis but was associated with better eyelid contour outcomes and fewer granulomas.

• #59 Sightsavers blog

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/diseases/tt-tracker-app/

  Digital technology has become an essential tool in the fight against trachoma, one of the worlds oldest neglected tropical diseases. Our TT Tracker app ensures that patients undergoing trachoma surgery get the aftercare treatment they need. […] The only way to treat trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the advanced form of trachoma, is to operate. However, those most affected by the disease often live in remote places, miles away from the nearest health clinic. […] Patients data is collected when they first register for surgery, and then throughout their treatment journey. This includes their appointment on the day of their surgery and three follow-up appointments. […] As well as supporting individual patients, the TT Tracker helps programmes understand how well surgeons are performing. And it gathers information on patient demographics, the number of patients and surgeries, the status of follow-up appointments and surgical outcomes, which is all updated daily and stored securely. […] We are using the TT Tracker in five countries and are working to bring its benefits to more parts of the world.

• #60 Sightsavers blog

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/diseases/tt-tracker-app/

  Digital technology has become an essential tool in the fight against trachoma, one of the worlds oldest neglected tropical diseases. Our TT Tracker app ensures that patients undergoing trachoma surgery get the aftercare treatment they need. […] The only way to treat trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the advanced form of trachoma, is to operate. However, those most affected by the disease often live in remote places, miles away from the nearest health clinic. […] Patients data is collected when they first register for surgery, and then throughout their treatment journey. This includes their appointment on the day of their surgery and three follow-up appointments. […] As well as supporting individual patients, the TT Tracker helps programmes understand how well surgeons are performing. And it gathers information on patient demographics, the number of patients and surgeries, the status of follow-up appointments and surgical outcomes, which is all updated daily and stored securely. […] We are using the TT Tracker in five countries and are working to bring its benefits to more parts of the world.

• #61 Trachoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20378505

  Proper hygiene practices include: Face washing and hand-washing. Keeping faces and hands clean may help break the cycle of reinfection. […] The WHO has developed a strategy to prevent trachoma, with the goal of eliminating it by 2020. While the goal hasn’t been entirely achieved, trachoma cases have declined sharply. The strategy, titled SAFE, involves: Surgery to treat advanced forms of trachoma, Antibiotics to treat and prevent the infection, Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvements, particularly in water, sanitation and fly control.

• #62 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #63

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  Trachoma is an infectious eye disease that begins as a bacterial infection. At first, the infection can be easily treated. But repeated infections will lead to advanced trachoma, which can cause intense pain and lead to blindness. […] Antibiotic tablets are essential for treating the infection. They are provided through community health initiatives and distributed by trained local volunteers. We support governments to deliver this essential medication. […] Surgery is crucial for people with trichiasis, the advanced stage of trachoma. An operation stops the eyelid turning inwards and prevents the eyelashes from scratching the eyeball, reducing pain and preventing blindness. […] The World Health Organizations SAFE strategy aims to stop the spread of trachoma and treat people with the advanced stage of the disease. The acronym describes the four methods used to control the disease.

• #64

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Elimination programmes in endemic countries are being implemented using the WHO-recommended SAFE strategy. […] This consists of: Surgery to treat the blinding stage (trachomatous trichiasis); Antibiotics to clear infection, particularly mass drug administration of the antibiotic azithromycin; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement, particularly improving access to water and sanitation. […] Data reported to WHO by Member States for 2023 show that 130 746 people with trachomatous trichiasis were provided with corrective surgery in that year, and 32.9 million people in endemic communities were treated with antibiotics to eliminate trachoma. […] Elimination efforts need to continue to ensure that we reach the target set by World Health Assembly resolution WHA 51.11, which is elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #65 Doyne Lecture: trachoma, is it history? | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2008432

  The SAFE strategy concisely brings together the behavioural, medical, and surgical elements required to address trachoma. […] The specific focus on facial cleanliness and environmental barriers coupled with a very potent antibiotic gives a highly targeted intervention to reduce both the level of infection and pressure of reinfection.

• #66 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #67 Trachoma | About Neglected Tropical Diseases and Three Major Infectious Diseases | Eisai Co., Ltd.

  https://www.eisai.com/sustainability/atm/ntds/diseases/trachoma.html

  Blinding trachoma is a type of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that is transmitted to healthy eyes by a discharge from an infected eye. […] Trachomas symptoms are divided into two stages: […] Treatment include drugs and/or surgical operation […] Drug cures include azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. […] Eyelids that have risen up the eyeball can be easily treated with a simple surgical operation. […] The most fundamental and important preventive measure is to wash the hands and face with clean water. […] Ninety eight percent (98%) of trachoma infections are found in developing countries and the infection rate is particularly high in areas with poor hygiene, poverty, as well as shortages of water and medical services. […] Also according to 2016 data released by WHO, tracoma is responsible for the blindness or visual impairment of about 1.9 million people.

• #68 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #69

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Elimination programmes in endemic countries are being implemented using the WHO-recommended SAFE strategy. […] This consists of: Surgery to treat the blinding stage (trachomatous trichiasis); Antibiotics to clear infection, particularly mass drug administration of the antibiotic azithromycin; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement, particularly improving access to water and sanitation. […] Data reported to WHO by Member States for 2023 show that 130 746 people with trachomatous trichiasis were provided with corrective surgery in that year, and 32.9 million people in endemic communities were treated with antibiotics to eliminate trachoma. […] Elimination efforts need to continue to ensure that we reach the target set by World Health Assembly resolution WHA 51.11, which is elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #70 What Is Trachoma Disease and How Does It Cause Blindness? | Orbis

  https://www.orbis.org/en/avoidable-blindness/trachoma-trichiasis

  Promoting education and awareness of facial cleanliness and personal hygiene such as frequently washing parts of the face with soap and clean, running water will reduce the spread of trachoma. […] Building infrastructure such as clean water points and sanitary toilets can reduce the spread of infection.

• #71 Trachoma Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1202088-treatment

  The key to the treatment of trachoma is the SAFE strategy developed by the WHO. Antibiotics („A”), facial cleanliness („F”), and environmental improvement („E”) are described in this section. […] The WHO recommends 2 antibiotics for trachoma control: oral azithromycin and tetracycline eye ointment. Azithromycin is the drug of choice because it is easy to administer as a single oral dose. Its administration can be directly observed. Therefore, compliance is higher than with tetracycline and can actually be measured, whereas, with the home administration of tetracycline, the level of compliance is unknown. […] Epidemiologic studies and community-randomized trials have shown that facial cleanliness in children reduces both the risk and the severity of active trachoma. […] General improvements in personal and community hygiene are almost universally associated with a reduction in the prevalence and eventually the disappearance of trachoma.

• #72 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #73 Trachoma | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/trachoma

  Trachoma is a preventable eye infection you can catch from contact with infected people. […] Active trachoma is treated with a single dose of an antibiotic called azithromycin. Your household contacts should also be treated. […] Trachoma is generally associated with poor hygiene. Simple steps to improve hygiene can be very effective, such as teaching children good hygiene, making sure family members don’t share towels and face cloths, washing your hands and face regularly, keeping your environment clean and free from flies, and taking care of your eyes. […] Improving access to clean water, better sanitation and reducing overcrowding can help stop trachoma from spreading. […] The World Health Organisation and the Communicable Disease Network Australia developed the SAFE strategy to end trachoma infections: S surgery to treat trichiasis, A antibiotics for infected people and their contacts, F facial cleanliness to reduce infection, E environmental improvements to improve hygiene. […] Some Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities have high rates of trachoma. Adults in communities where trachoma is common should be screened for trichiasis every year.

• #74 Trachoma | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/trachoma

  Education of the peoples involved is difficult. Because the disease is not fatal, they have little concern, accepting the disease as a fact of life. Mothers are being educated to find time to retrieve well water for washing their children’s faces even when drought and poverty make feeding their families a trial. Mothers are being taught to understand the relationship between dirt on children’s faces and the eye diseases making their own eyes red and sore.

• #75 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  The nursing care plan for trachoma reflects a holistic and collaborative approach aimed at addressing the unique challenges posed by this infectious eye disease. Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, not only affects ocular health but also carries implications for the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. Through a combination of preventive measures, targeted interventions, and community engagement, healthcare professionals strive to mitigate the impact of trachoma and contribute to the reduction of its prevalence. […] The nursing care plan underscores the significance of health education in promoting proper eye hygiene, emphasizing the importance of clean water, and encouraging adherence to prescribed antibiotic treatments. Management of trachoma-related complications, such as trichiasis, involves collaboration with ophthalmologists and other specialists to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.

• #76 Mobilizing to Eliminate Trachoma in African Migratory Populations – The Task Force for Global Health

  https://www.taskforce.org/mobilizing-to-eliminate-trachoma-in-african-migratory-populations/

  Hitching on to their migratory journey, undetected dangerous infections like blinding trachoma can follow these groups if they don’t get treatment. […] While the disease is entirely preventable with antibiotic treatment, there remain challenges to reaching isolated groups of people, such as migratory populations like the Ngipian community, which was originally from Ethiopia before coming to Uganda. […] Due to the frequent movement that is intrinsic to the cultural traditions of nomadic groups, it is difficult to locate or reach them with essential treatments and care. […] The lack of knowledge is very paramount and they don’t have as clear an understanding or the proper resources for health and sanitation protocols. […] Since migratory populations live in pastoral rural environments, factors such as lack of access to clean water for washing, attraction of flies carrying bacteria, and close proximity to other families contribute to trachoma infection.

• #77 Gender equity in the global trachoma program: understanding intersectionality to achieve vision for all | International Coalition for Trachoma Control

  https://www.trachomacoalition.org/news-blogs/gender-equity-global-trachoma-program-understanding-intersectionality-achieve-vision-all

  Women are almost twice as likely than men to require surgery to correct in-turned eyelashes, known as trachomatous trichiasis, which results from repeated infections of trachoma. These repeated infections occur, in part, from women’s repeated exposure to the causative bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis due to their typical role within the home as caregivers. Increased exposure is exacerbated by barriers to quality health care and lower uptake of services, which increase health inequalities and threaten progress towards universal health coverage. […] Progress to achieve gender equity has been made across the global trachoma elimination program. The use of technology to map trachoma, including the collection of gender-disaggregated data, has enabled programs to be more targeted in their approaches, and in 2021, 69% of people who received surgical services were women in the 30 countries that reported gender-disaggregated data. Although this is encouraging, more needs to be done to achieve gender equity in programs particularly among women within statistically invisible populations to the trachoma program, including but not limited to nomadic, indigenous communities, and women with disabilities who will often require tailored approaches to ensure that interventions are accessible and acceptable.

• #78 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  The nursing care plan for trachoma reflects a holistic and collaborative approach aimed at addressing the unique challenges posed by this infectious eye disease. Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, not only affects ocular health but also carries implications for the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. Through a combination of preventive measures, targeted interventions, and community engagement, healthcare professionals strive to mitigate the impact of trachoma and contribute to the reduction of its prevalence. […] The nursing care plan underscores the significance of health education in promoting proper eye hygiene, emphasizing the importance of clean water, and encouraging adherence to prescribed antibiotic treatments. Management of trachoma-related complications, such as trichiasis, involves collaboration with ophthalmologists and other specialists to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.

• #79 Trachoma – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/trachoma/trachoma+-+including+symptoms%2C+treatment+and+prevention

  Trachoma is a preventable disease of the eyes caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis (different from the sexually transmitted form of this germ). It causes loss of vision and blindness in older people who have had severe active trachoma, usually since childhood. […] Aboriginal people in remote Australia are most at risk of developing trachoma, with young children the highest risk. Trachoma is a common cause of blindness in Aboriginal adults. […] A single dose of an antibiotic (azithromycin) is the recommended treatment for all people with active trachoma. […] Aboriginal adults over 40 years of age in communities where trachoma is usually present (endemic) should be screened annually for trichiasis. Adults who complain of a sore eye also need to be examined for trichiasis. Health services need to ensure timely treatment and referral to an eye surgeon for people with trichiasis.

• #80 Mobilizing to Eliminate Trachoma in African Migratory Populations – The Task Force for Global Health

  https://www.taskforce.org/mobilizing-to-eliminate-trachoma-in-african-migratory-populations/

  Hitching on to their migratory journey, undetected dangerous infections like blinding trachoma can follow these groups if they don’t get treatment. […] While the disease is entirely preventable with antibiotic treatment, there remain challenges to reaching isolated groups of people, such as migratory populations like the Ngipian community, which was originally from Ethiopia before coming to Uganda. […] Due to the frequent movement that is intrinsic to the cultural traditions of nomadic groups, it is difficult to locate or reach them with essential treatments and care. […] The lack of knowledge is very paramount and they don’t have as clear an understanding or the proper resources for health and sanitation protocols. […] Since migratory populations live in pastoral rural environments, factors such as lack of access to clean water for washing, attraction of flies carrying bacteria, and close proximity to other families contribute to trachoma infection.

• #81

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Trachoma is a disease of the eye caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Blindness from trachoma is irreversible. […] In 2023, 130 746 people received surgical treatment for advanced stage of the disease, and 32.9 million people were treated with antibiotics. […] After years of repeated infection, the inside of the eyelid can become so severely scarred (trachomatous conjunctival scarring) that it turns inwards and causes the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball (trachomatous trichiasis), resulting in constant pain and light intolerance. […] Left untreated, this condition leads to the formation of irreversible opacities, with resulting visual impairment or blindness. […] Women are blinded up to 4 times as often as men, probably due to their close contact with infected children and their resulting greater frequency of infection episodes.

• #82 Mobilizing to Eliminate Trachoma in African Migratory Populations – The Task Force for Global Health

  https://www.taskforce.org/mobilizing-to-eliminate-trachoma-in-african-migratory-populations/

  Hitching on to their migratory journey, undetected dangerous infections like blinding trachoma can follow these groups if they don’t get treatment. […] While the disease is entirely preventable with antibiotic treatment, there remain challenges to reaching isolated groups of people, such as migratory populations like the Ngipian community, which was originally from Ethiopia before coming to Uganda. […] Due to the frequent movement that is intrinsic to the cultural traditions of nomadic groups, it is difficult to locate or reach them with essential treatments and care. […] The lack of knowledge is very paramount and they don’t have as clear an understanding or the proper resources for health and sanitation protocols. […] Since migratory populations live in pastoral rural environments, factors such as lack of access to clean water for washing, attraction of flies carrying bacteria, and close proximity to other families contribute to trachoma infection.

• #83 Gender equity in the global trachoma program: understanding intersectionality to achieve vision for all | International Coalition for Trachoma Control

  https://www.trachomacoalition.org/news-blogs/gender-equity-global-trachoma-program-understanding-intersectionality-achieve-vision-all

  Women are almost twice as likely than men to require surgery to correct in-turned eyelashes, known as trachomatous trichiasis, which results from repeated infections of trachoma. These repeated infections occur, in part, from women’s repeated exposure to the causative bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis due to their typical role within the home as caregivers. Increased exposure is exacerbated by barriers to quality health care and lower uptake of services, which increase health inequalities and threaten progress towards universal health coverage. […] Progress to achieve gender equity has been made across the global trachoma elimination program. The use of technology to map trachoma, including the collection of gender-disaggregated data, has enabled programs to be more targeted in their approaches, and in 2021, 69% of people who received surgical services were women in the 30 countries that reported gender-disaggregated data. Although this is encouraging, more needs to be done to achieve gender equity in programs particularly among women within statistically invisible populations to the trachoma program, including but not limited to nomadic, indigenous communities, and women with disabilities who will often require tailored approaches to ensure that interventions are accessible and acceptable.

• #84 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #85 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #86 Sightsavers blog

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/diseases/tt-tracker-app/

  Digital technology has become an essential tool in the fight against trachoma, one of the worlds oldest neglected tropical diseases. Our TT Tracker app ensures that patients undergoing trachoma surgery get the aftercare treatment they need. […] The only way to treat trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the advanced form of trachoma, is to operate. However, those most affected by the disease often live in remote places, miles away from the nearest health clinic. […] Patients data is collected when they first register for surgery, and then throughout their treatment journey. This includes their appointment on the day of their surgery and three follow-up appointments. […] As well as supporting individual patients, the TT Tracker helps programmes understand how well surgeons are performing. And it gathers information on patient demographics, the number of patients and surgeries, the status of follow-up appointments and surgical outcomes, which is all updated daily and stored securely. […] We are using the TT Tracker in five countries and are working to bring its benefits to more parts of the world.

• #87 Trachoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559035/

  Trachoma is a debilitating eye disease caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium and is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. […] Essential interventions for at-risk patients include preventive and empirical antibiotic treatment, adequate patient assessment, and surgical solutions for ocular complications. […] This activity also highlights the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team and provides them with the necessary knowledge and tools to enhance patient care and optimize outcomes for this widespread condition. […] Implementing targeted interventions, including promoting facial cleanliness, improving hygiene and sanitation, ensuring access to clean drinking water, providing antibiotic treatment, and controlling fly populations in endemic areas, is crucial to preventing this pervasive and severe ocular disease and optimizing patient outcomes.

• #88 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment for trachoma, healthcare professionals can identify the severity of the condition, tailor interventions to individual needs, and contribute to the effective management and prevention of this infectious eye disease. The assessment serves as a foundation for developing a targeted care plan aimed at improving ocular health and preventing the long-term complications associated with trachoma. […] By identifying these nursing diagnoses, healthcare professionals can develop targeted interventions to address the specific needs and risks associated with trachoma. The goal is to provide individualized and holistic care that promotes prevention, optimal management, and overall well-being for individuals affected by this infectious eye disease. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, healthcare professionals aim to not only manage the immediate symptoms of trachoma but also address the broader aspects of prevention, community education, and psychosocial support. The goal is to contribute to the reduction of trachoma-related morbidity, prevent blindness, and promote the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #89 Trachoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559035/

  Trachoma is a debilitating eye disease caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium and is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. […] Essential interventions for at-risk patients include preventive and empirical antibiotic treatment, adequate patient assessment, and surgical solutions for ocular complications. […] This activity also highlights the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team and provides them with the necessary knowledge and tools to enhance patient care and optimize outcomes for this widespread condition. […] Implementing targeted interventions, including promoting facial cleanliness, improving hygiene and sanitation, ensuring access to clean drinking water, providing antibiotic treatment, and controlling fly populations in endemic areas, is crucial to preventing this pervasive and severe ocular disease and optimizing patient outcomes.

• #90 Interventions for trachoma trichiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4661324/

  The lash treatments directly remove or ablate the follicles. […] The choice of treatment will depend on factors such as available resources and expertise, location (opportunity for follow up) and how advanced the disease is. […] The WHO strategy for the control of blinding trachoma calls for lid surgery to be delivered by ophthalmic assistants as well as ophthalmologists. […] Although surgery generally produces good results, in many settings only a minority of patients with trichiasis will attend for surgery. […] Delivery of surgery in the community or nonsurgical management of trichiasis may be more acceptable than surgery in a conventional hospital setting. […] The use of a lid clamp in the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure did not reduce postoperative trichiasis but was associated with better eyelid contour outcomes and fewer granulomas.

• #91 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  The nursing care plan for trachoma reflects a holistic and collaborative approach aimed at addressing the unique challenges posed by this infectious eye disease. Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, not only affects ocular health but also carries implications for the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. Through a combination of preventive measures, targeted interventions, and community engagement, healthcare professionals strive to mitigate the impact of trachoma and contribute to the reduction of its prevalence. […] The nursing care plan underscores the significance of health education in promoting proper eye hygiene, emphasizing the importance of clean water, and encouraging adherence to prescribed antibiotic treatments. Management of trachoma-related complications, such as trichiasis, involves collaboration with ophthalmologists and other specialists to ensure timely and appropriate interventions.

• #92 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #93 Sightsavers blog

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/diseases/tt-tracker-app/

  Digital technology has become an essential tool in the fight against trachoma, one of the worlds oldest neglected tropical diseases. Our TT Tracker app ensures that patients undergoing trachoma surgery get the aftercare treatment they need. […] The only way to treat trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the advanced form of trachoma, is to operate. However, those most affected by the disease often live in remote places, miles away from the nearest health clinic. […] Patients data is collected when they first register for surgery, and then throughout their treatment journey. This includes their appointment on the day of their surgery and three follow-up appointments. […] As well as supporting individual patients, the TT Tracker helps programmes understand how well surgeons are performing. And it gathers information on patient demographics, the number of patients and surgeries, the status of follow-up appointments and surgical outcomes, which is all updated daily and stored securely. […] We are using the TT Tracker in five countries and are working to bring its benefits to more parts of the world.

• #94 Trachoma program | NT Health

  https://health.nt.gov.au/professionals/centre-for-disease-control/trachoma-program

  The aim of the Trachoma Program is to eliminate blinding trachoma from endemic communities. […] The Trachoma Program delivers the SAFE strategy through a network of organisations and services who undertake screening, community treatment, health promotion, training and community worker education in the NT. […] Health promotion programs are implemented to educate communities about trachoma, the importance of personal hygiene and practical advice on facial cleanliness.

• #95

• #96 Mobilizing to Eliminate Trachoma in African Migratory Populations – The Task Force for Global Health

  https://www.taskforce.org/mobilizing-to-eliminate-trachoma-in-african-migratory-populations/

  To help protect the Ngipian, Olaka’s team developed comprehensive strategies to fight trachoma within migratory populations with the support of The Task Force’s International Trachoma Initiative (ITI). […] ITI allocates and distributes the antibiotic Zithromax, donated by Pfizer, to treat active trachoma infections, as well as provides logistical assistance, program monitoring, and research to help local and national governments control the spread of disease. […] Much of their work also includes cross-border collaboration, such as partnership with their neighboring country to the east, Kenya’s Ministry of Health, to coordinate mass drug administrations (MDAs) of Zithromax. […] Cross-border collaboration between governments and program teams allows for more seamless and efficient distribution of trachoma care for migrant groups. […] The support which goes up to 2030 shall be adequate enough in ensuring total elimination of most neglected tropical diseases like trachoma.

• #97 World Sight Day: Accelerating the Elimination of Trachoma – Ciff

  https://ciff.org/news/world-sight-day-accelerating-the-elimination-of-trachoma/

  Trachoma is a debilitating but preventable disease. Whilst most stages of the infection may be reversible, if left untreated the damage to the eye can be permanent, leading to blindness. […] We join various partners across the globe in creating awareness about trachoma, one of the leading causes of blindness that can be controlled and prevented simply by implementing the SAFE strategy. […] CIFF’s work on trachoma elimination in Africa involves joint efforts with different donors and governments through the AcceleraTE programme, led by Sightsavers. […] Furthermore, our water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) projects in Ethiopia and Kenya add another dimension to accelerating the elimination of trachoma. Integrating WASH into NTD programming is essential for long term sustained impact, as proper face and hand hygiene is critical in breaking community transmission of trachoma, and to this end availability of clean water is critical. […] To sustainably address the issue of trachoma CIFF calls for increased country leadership, and cross-sector collaboration between health and WASH programmes.

• #98 Trachoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559035/

  The SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) recommended by WHO includes surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics, facial hygiene, and environmental improvement measures. […] Management of trichiasis and cicatricial entropion in trachoma involves a range of surgical techniques to correct eyelid abnormalities and prevent corneal damage. […] Effective management of trichiasis and cicatricial entropion in trachoma is imperative to prevent visual disability. […] Comprehensive trachoma control initiatives, supported by global partnerships, are crucial for sustained eradication of the disease.

• #99 Trachoma

  https://plano.co/eye-conditions/other-eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The reduction in the transmission of trachoma can occur through general socioeconomic improvement or specific implementation of the antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement components of the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination. […] Elimination of trachoma as a public health problem is defined as: (i) a prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system of 1 case per 1000 total population and (ii) a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 19 years of 5%, in each formerly endemic district. […] The proportion of individuals showing clinical signs of trachoma (prevalence) amongst specific age groups in a district remains the key indicator for guiding trachoma control program.

• #100 Australian trachoma surveillance annual report, 2013

  https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi4002j.htm

  Australia remains the only developed country to have endemic levels of trachoma (a prevalence of 5% or greater among children) in some regions. Endemic trachoma in Australia is found predominantly in remote and very remote Aboriginal communities. The Australian Government funds the National Trachoma Surveillance and Reporting Unit to collate, analyse and report trachoma prevalence data and document trachoma control strategies in Australia through an annual surveillance report. […] Trachoma is one of the major causes of preventable blindness globally. It is an eye infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba and C. […] The Alliance for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by 2020 (GET 2020) initiative, supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), advocates the implementation of the SAFE strategy, with its key components of surgery (to correct trichiasis), antibiotic treatment, facial cleanliness and environmental improvements.

• #101 Trachoma

  https://plano.co/eye-conditions/other-eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The reduction in the transmission of trachoma can occur through general socioeconomic improvement or specific implementation of the antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement components of the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination. […] Elimination of trachoma as a public health problem is defined as: (i) a prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system of 1 case per 1000 total population and (ii) a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 19 years of 5%, in each formerly endemic district. […] The proportion of individuals showing clinical signs of trachoma (prevalence) amongst specific age groups in a district remains the key indicator for guiding trachoma control program.

• #102 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #103 Australian trachoma surveillance annual report, 2013

  https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi4002j.htm

  Trachoma is usually treated by a single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin repeated on an annual basis, with treatment strategies varying according to trachoma prevalence. Best public health practice involves treatment of all members of the household in which a case resides, whether or not they have evidence of trachoma. […] The surveillance and management of trachoma in 2013 was guided by the CDNA guidelines for management of trachoma. […] The NTSRU is responsible for data collation, analysis and reporting related to the ongoing evaluation of trachoma control strategies in Australia. […] In 2013, the Northern Territory delivered trachoma control activities using the draft revised guidelines, which allowed resources to be directed towards community-wide treatment in high-prevalence communities, and ensured that resources were not consumed by annual screening in areas where the prevalence was already well established.

• #104 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #105 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #106 Meaningful progress shows blinding trachoma can be eliminated in the Commonwealth   | Commonwealth

  https://thecommonwealth.org/news/meaningful-progress-shows-blinding-trachoma-can-be-eliminated-commonwealth

  The number of people at risk of eye disease trachoma, which can lead to blindness, has almost halved since 2018, said the Commonwealth Secretary-General Rt Hon Patricia Scotland QC. […] Secretary-General Scotland said: Building on that collective commitment, positive developments have been made on eye health across every Commonwealth region and commendable progress is being made in many member countries towards successfully eliminating trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness. […] Trachoma, which is entirely preventable, often begins in early childhood and progresses over the years, mostly in poor communities. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) last month announced trachoma has been eliminated in The Gambia. Malawi has reached the elimination threshold and is now in a two-year surveillance period. Vanuatu has submitted an elimination of trachoma report to WHO.

• #107 Nursing Care Plan For Trachoma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-trachoma/

  Community-wide initiatives, including environmental sanitation promotion and health advocacy, play a crucial role in breaking the cycle of trachoma transmission. The provision of psychosocial support acknowledges the emotional impact of the condition, fostering resilience and promoting the overall well-being of affected individuals. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up assessments are integral components of the care plan, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate treatment effectiveness, address recurrent symptoms, and reinforce preventive measures. By actively engaging in multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare providers contribute to a comprehensive and sustained effort to control trachoma at both individual and community levels. […] The nursing care plan for trachoma extends beyond the immediate clinical management, emphasizing health promotion, community education, and advocacy for policy changes. Through these concerted efforts, the healthcare team aims to reduce the burden of trachoma, prevent blindness, and enhance the overall health outcomes of those affected by this infectious eye disease.

• #108 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization estimates that 1.9 million people are blind or experience vision impairment due to trachoma and two million people require urgent surgery to treat trachomatous trichiasis. […] Progress to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has been accelerated by significant coordination between health ministries, donors, implementing partners to scale up the WHO-endorsed SAFE strategy, which consists of multiple interventions to target various routes of transmission, as well as treating infection and its disabling effects. […] The strategy consists of: Surgery to correct trachomatous trichiasis, Antibiotics for C. trachomatis infection, Facial cleanliness to reduce transmission, Environmental improvement to reduce risk of transmission and infection. […] Over the last two decades, significant progress has been made towards the global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #109 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #110

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Elimination programmes in endemic countries are being implemented using the WHO-recommended SAFE strategy. […] This consists of: Surgery to treat the blinding stage (trachomatous trichiasis); Antibiotics to clear infection, particularly mass drug administration of the antibiotic azithromycin; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement, particularly improving access to water and sanitation. […] Data reported to WHO by Member States for 2023 show that 130 746 people with trachomatous trichiasis were provided with corrective surgery in that year, and 32.9 million people in endemic communities were treated with antibiotics to eliminate trachoma. […] Elimination efforts need to continue to ensure that we reach the target set by World Health Assembly resolution WHA 51.11, which is elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #111 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #112

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Elimination programmes in endemic countries are being implemented using the WHO-recommended SAFE strategy. […] This consists of: Surgery to treat the blinding stage (trachomatous trichiasis); Antibiotics to clear infection, particularly mass drug administration of the antibiotic azithromycin; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement, particularly improving access to water and sanitation. […] Data reported to WHO by Member States for 2023 show that 130 746 people with trachomatous trichiasis were provided with corrective surgery in that year, and 32.9 million people in endemic communities were treated with antibiotics to eliminate trachoma. […] Elimination efforts need to continue to ensure that we reach the target set by World Health Assembly resolution WHA 51.11, which is elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #113 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #114 Blindness from Trachoma Decreasing Globally

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/blindness-from-trachoma-decreasing-globally

  Trachomatous corneal opacity blindness is declining over time, likely due to the massive scaleup of the global trachoma elimination program and overall socioeconomic development, according to the authors. […] Surgeries that reverse trichiasis and prevent corneal opacities are increasing, and by reducing the burden of active trachoma, fewer children and young adults would be exposed to infection that leads to scarring which could cause trichiasis. […] Lastly, trachomatous corneal opacity blindness and moderate to severe vision impairment increased with age and female sex. Women have two- to four-times the rate of trichiasis compared with men, and we find a rate ratio of 2.5- to 3.5-times the rate of severe vision loss and blindness due to trachomatous corneal opacities in women, globally, the authors wrote. This gender inequity in numbers with vision loss due to trachomatous corneal opacities is likely to persist even in the presence of surgical programs that cover men and women equally. The inequity speaks to the need to ensure high coverage of services to women by reducing barriers that are specific to them.

• #115 Meaningful progress shows blinding trachoma can be eliminated in the Commonwealth   | Commonwealth

  https://thecommonwealth.org/news/meaningful-progress-shows-blinding-trachoma-can-be-eliminated-commonwealth

  The number of people at risk of eye disease trachoma, which can lead to blindness, has almost halved since 2018, said the Commonwealth Secretary-General Rt Hon Patricia Scotland QC. […] Secretary-General Scotland said: Building on that collective commitment, positive developments have been made on eye health across every Commonwealth region and commendable progress is being made in many member countries towards successfully eliminating trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness. […] Trachoma, which is entirely preventable, often begins in early childhood and progresses over the years, mostly in poor communities. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) last month announced trachoma has been eliminated in The Gambia. Malawi has reached the elimination threshold and is now in a two-year surveillance period. Vanuatu has submitted an elimination of trachoma report to WHO.

• #116 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241016/WHO-confirms-elimination-of-trachoma-in-South-Asia.aspx

  The world moved closer to eliminating trachoma this month after the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed India and Pakistan as being free of the disease, a leading cause of blindness. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection affecting poor communities where clean water and sanitation are lacking. If left untreated it can cause excruciating pain and eventual loss of sight. […] Trachoma can still return unless we sustain efforts to maintain awareness of the disease among communities and health staff. […] The WHOs elimination strategy dubbed SAFE, for surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental change includes safe waste disposal and improved access to clean water and basic sanitation, as well as antibiotics to treat the infection. […] Community-wide distribution of the antibiotic azithromycin is an important component of the SAFE strategy to limit the spread of the disease.

• #117 Vietnam eliminates trachoma as a public health problem | RTI

  https://www.rti.org/news/vietnam-eliminates-trachoma-public-health-problem

  RTI International congratulates Vietnam in eliminating trachoma a painful disease impacting the lives of millions of people around the world. […] More than 8.3 million people in Vietnam are now free from the risk of trachoma infection. […] Trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, causes eyelids to scar and eyelashes to turn inwards eventually resulting in blindness if untreated. Surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness practices and environmental improvements (the SAFE strategy) is the WHO endorsed method for eliminating the disease as a public health problem, including the provision of treatment and care for those at risk for the disease. […] The task now will be for Vietnam to continue surveillance for resurgence and to provide care for those already impacted.

• #118 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241016/WHO-confirms-elimination-of-trachoma-in-South-Asia.aspx

  The world moved closer to eliminating trachoma this month after the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed India and Pakistan as being free of the disease, a leading cause of blindness. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection affecting poor communities where clean water and sanitation are lacking. If left untreated it can cause excruciating pain and eventual loss of sight. […] Trachoma can still return unless we sustain efforts to maintain awareness of the disease among communities and health staff. […] The WHOs elimination strategy dubbed SAFE, for surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental change includes safe waste disposal and improved access to clean water and basic sanitation, as well as antibiotics to treat the infection. […] Community-wide distribution of the antibiotic azithromycin is an important component of the SAFE strategy to limit the spread of the disease.

• #119 Vietnam eliminates trachoma as a public health problem | RTI

  https://www.rti.org/news/vietnam-eliminates-trachoma-public-health-problem

  RTI International congratulates Vietnam in eliminating trachoma a painful disease impacting the lives of millions of people around the world. […] More than 8.3 million people in Vietnam are now free from the risk of trachoma infection. […] Trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, causes eyelids to scar and eyelashes to turn inwards eventually resulting in blindness if untreated. Surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness practices and environmental improvements (the SAFE strategy) is the WHO endorsed method for eliminating the disease as a public health problem, including the provision of treatment and care for those at risk for the disease. […] The task now will be for Vietnam to continue surveillance for resurgence and to provide care for those already impacted.

• #120 Meaningful progress shows blinding trachoma can be eliminated in the Commonwealth   | Commonwealth

  https://thecommonwealth.org/news/meaningful-progress-shows-blinding-trachoma-can-be-eliminated-commonwealth

  The number of people at risk of eye disease trachoma, which can lead to blindness, has almost halved since 2018, said the Commonwealth Secretary-General Rt Hon Patricia Scotland QC. […] Secretary-General Scotland said: Building on that collective commitment, positive developments have been made on eye health across every Commonwealth region and commendable progress is being made in many member countries towards successfully eliminating trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness. […] Trachoma, which is entirely preventable, often begins in early childhood and progresses over the years, mostly in poor communities. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) last month announced trachoma has been eliminated in The Gambia. Malawi has reached the elimination threshold and is now in a two-year surveillance period. Vanuatu has submitted an elimination of trachoma report to WHO.

• #121 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241016/WHO-confirms-elimination-of-trachoma-in-South-Asia.aspx

  India has developed a surveillance plan for sustained elimination, including provision of surgery to correct trichiasis. The plan also covers community awareness and promotion of water, sanitation and hygiene. […] However, trachoma remains the worlds leading infectious cause of blindness, affecting people in 39 countries. […] Trachoma is extremely common in many of the poor, rural areas of Africa, Central and South America, Asia, Australia and the Middle East. Overall, Africa remains the most affected continent and the one with the most intensive control efforts, according to the WHO.

• #122 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241016/WHO-confirms-elimination-of-trachoma-in-South-Asia.aspx

  India has developed a surveillance plan for sustained elimination, including provision of surgery to correct trichiasis. The plan also covers community awareness and promotion of water, sanitation and hygiene. […] However, trachoma remains the worlds leading infectious cause of blindness, affecting people in 39 countries. […] Trachoma is extremely common in many of the poor, rural areas of Africa, Central and South America, Asia, Australia and the Middle East. Overall, Africa remains the most affected continent and the one with the most intensive control efforts, according to the WHO.

• #123

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

  Elimination programmes in endemic countries are being implemented using the WHO-recommended SAFE strategy. […] This consists of: Surgery to treat the blinding stage (trachomatous trichiasis); Antibiotics to clear infection, particularly mass drug administration of the antibiotic azithromycin; Facial cleanliness; and Environmental improvement, particularly improving access to water and sanitation. […] Data reported to WHO by Member States for 2023 show that 130 746 people with trachomatous trichiasis were provided with corrective surgery in that year, and 32.9 million people in endemic communities were treated with antibiotics to eliminate trachoma. […] Elimination efforts need to continue to ensure that we reach the target set by World Health Assembly resolution WHA 51.11, which is elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

• #124 Trachoma – The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

  https://www.iapb.org/learn/knowledge-hub/eye-conditions/trachoma/

  The World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record, published in 2021, reported that the number of people at risk of trachoma has declined from 1.5 billion in 2002 to 136.2 million in 2021 a 91% reduction. […] Furthermore, 10 countries have been validated for eliminating trachoma as a public health problem, across all WHO-endemic regions. […] The global programme to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem has benefitted from substantial mapping activities, including the Global Trachoma Mapping Project the worlds largest ever infectious disease survey, which collected data from 2.6 million people across 29 countries from 2012-2016. […] The World Health Organizations World Report on Vision and Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 20212030, provide blue prints to accelerate progress towards the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2030, through comprehensive integrated people centred approaches.

• #125 Mobilizing to Eliminate Trachoma in African Migratory Populations – The Task Force for Global Health

  https://www.taskforce.org/mobilizing-to-eliminate-trachoma-in-african-migratory-populations/

  To help protect the Ngipian, Olaka’s team developed comprehensive strategies to fight trachoma within migratory populations with the support of The Task Force’s International Trachoma Initiative (ITI). […] ITI allocates and distributes the antibiotic Zithromax, donated by Pfizer, to treat active trachoma infections, as well as provides logistical assistance, program monitoring, and research to help local and national governments control the spread of disease. […] Much of their work also includes cross-border collaboration, such as partnership with their neighboring country to the east, Kenya’s Ministry of Health, to coordinate mass drug administrations (MDAs) of Zithromax. […] Cross-border collaboration between governments and program teams allows for more seamless and efficient distribution of trachoma care for migrant groups. […] The support which goes up to 2030 shall be adequate enough in ensuring total elimination of most neglected tropical diseases like trachoma.

• #126 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241016/WHO-confirms-elimination-of-trachoma-in-South-Asia.aspx

  The world moved closer to eliminating trachoma this month after the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed India and Pakistan as being free of the disease, a leading cause of blindness. […] Trachoma is a bacterial infection affecting poor communities where clean water and sanitation are lacking. If left untreated it can cause excruciating pain and eventual loss of sight. […] Trachoma can still return unless we sustain efforts to maintain awareness of the disease among communities and health staff. […] The WHOs elimination strategy dubbed SAFE, for surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental change includes safe waste disposal and improved access to clean water and basic sanitation, as well as antibiotics to treat the infection. […] Community-wide distribution of the antibiotic azithromycin is an important component of the SAFE strategy to limit the spread of the disease.

• #127 Trachoma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trachoma

  Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by recurrent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (a small, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium); humans are the only hosts. Trachoma is caused almost exclusively by C. trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba, and C; genital infection is caused by serotypes D through K. […] The Alliance for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by the year 2020 (GET 2020) was established by the World Health Organization in 1997 and has helped to coordinate trachoma elimination efforts. The Neglected Tropical Disease road map 2021-2030 has set 2030 as the new target year for global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. […] Trachoma may be associated with ocular pain and loss of vision, leading to loss of economic productivity and quality of life. In 2023, an estimated 116 million people lived in districts in which the prevalence of active trachoma (trachomatous inflammation—follicular, TF) was ≥5 percent, and 1.5 million required surgery for trichiasis. […]

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