Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What Causes Lupus? | Lupus Foundation of America

  https://www.lupus.org/resources/what-causes-lupus

  Scientists arent sure what exactly causes lupus. But most believe its a combination of genes, hormones, and environment. […] Genes which your parents pass down to you help define your bodys features and traits. And scientists have identified more than 50 genes that are more common in people with lupus. In most cases, having these genes isnt enough to cause lupus. But they do raise your risk of getting lupus, which is why having family members with lupus or another autoimmune disease makes it more likely that youll have lupus too. […] Since lupus is most likely to affect women ages 15 to 44, one hormone that researchers have looked at is estrogen. Women tend to have higher levels of estrogen than men, and women are also more likely to have more lupus symptoms before periods and during pregnancy when estrogen levels are high.

• #1 What Causes Lupus? | Lupus Foundation of America

  https://www.lupus.org/resources/what-causes-lupus

  However, scientists havent found estrogen to be a direct cause of lupus, and no causal effect has been proven between estrogen, or any other hormone, and lupus. […] People who are likely to get lupus (because of their genes and hormones) may develop the condition when they come in contact with something in their environment. Scientists arent exactly sure what in the environment causes this, but they believe its most likely things like ultraviolet light (UVA and UVB) from the sun, infections most likely an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, and silica dust which many farm and industrial workers are exposed to at their job. […] Other environmental causes could be medicines like sulfa drugs, tetracycline drugs, and antibiotics, emotional stress like a divorce or death of a family member, and anything that can damage or tire your body like injuries, surgery, or giving birth.

• #2 Causes of Lupus : Johns Hopkins Lupus Center

  https://www.hopkinslupus.org/lupus-info/lupus/

  Lupus is caused by a complex interplay of genes, hormones, and environmental factors. […] Researchers were first drawn to the link between genes and lupus because of the clustering of lupus in families and the increased prevalence of the disease among certain ethnic groups. […] While researchers are confident that lupus is caused by both genes and environmental triggers, they cannot determine which factor sets the disease in motion or how precisely these two elements interact. […] The strength of the association of MHC II genes with lupus varies by ethnicity. […] In addition, certain environmental factors have been linked to the development of lupus. […] Certain drugs can cause lupus-like syndrome and exposure to ultraviolet light and stress are known to aggravate lupus symptoms, but none of these factors have been identified as direct causes of the disease.

• #3 Lupus: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4875-lupus

  Lupus is an autoimmune disease that makes your immune system damage organs and tissue throughout your body. […] Lupus is a condition that causes inflammation throughout your body. Its an autoimmune disease, which means your immune system damages your body instead of protecting it. […] Experts dont know for certain what causes lupus. Studies have found that certain factors about your health or where you live may trigger lupus: […] Having certain genetic mutations may make you more likely to have lupus. […] Reactions to certain hormones in your body (especially estrogen) may make you more likely to develop lupus. […] Aspects about where you live and how much pollution or sunlight youre exposed to might affect your lupus risk. […] Smoking, your stress level and having certain other health conditions (like other autoimmune diseases) might trigger lupus.

• #4 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535405/

  SLE is a multisystemic disease with an unknown etiology. However, several genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors play a role in the etiopathogenesis of SLE. […] Familial segregation and high concordance rates in identical twins suggest a strong genetic contribution in SLE, although there is no obvious inheritance pattern. […] Over 100 gene loci with polymorphisms (or, rarely, copy numbers or mutations) have been identified to be associated with polygenic SLE (majority of cases), and more than 30 genes causing monogenic forms of SLE or SLE-like phenotype have been identified. […] Some gene mutations that are rare but are considered very high risk for the development of SLE include deficiencies of early complement components C1q, C1r, C1s (90% risk), C4 (50%), C2 (20%), and TREX1.

• #4 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535405/

  Female sex and hormonal influence are significant risk factors for SLE. […] Several environmental triggers of SLE have been identified. […] Ultraviolet rays and sun exposure lead to increased cell apoptosis and are well-known triggers for SLE. […] Several viral infections have been implicated, and the underlying mechanism is thought to be molecular mimicry. […] Other potential risk factors include silica exposure, other viral infections, vitamin D deficiency, alfalfa sprouts, and foods containing canavanine.

• #5 Lupus Causes & Prevention: What Can Cause Lupus & Flare Ups?

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/understanding-lupus-prevention

  Doctors don’t know exactly what causes lupus. There probably isn’t one cause. It is more likely an interaction between genetics and your environment. […] You could be born with a gene that makes you more likely to get lupus. Then you might be exposed to something in your environment, and that triggers the disease. […] What researchers do know is there are certain things that make you more likely to get it, including your heredity, gender, race, and even previous illnesses. […] An international team of scientists has spotted a mutated version of a gene called toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) that they suspect can cause lupus. […] The mutated version can cause the immune system to attack healthy cells. […] This offers evidence that the mutated TLR7 causes lupus, one of the researchers says.

• #5 Lupus Causes & Prevention: What Can Cause Lupus & Flare Ups?

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/understanding-lupus-prevention

  Lupus also often runs in families. So if your parent, brother, or sister has lupus, you’re a bit more likely (just between 1% and 5%) to get it than someone who doesn’t have it in their family. […] Certain racial and ethnic groups share common genes that may make them more likely to get lupus. […] Doctors think the hormone estrogen might play a part in lupus because 9 out of 10 people who have it are female. […] Research shows that estrogen helps make women’s immune systems stronger than men’s, so the hormone could also trigger lupus or make it worse. […] Most researchers believe that just having genes that make you more likely to get lupus isn’t enough. You also have to come in contact with something in the environment, such as a virus, to get the disease. […] Research shows that being around certain chemicals — including cigarette smoke, mercury, and silica — could be linked to lupus. But nobody has been able to prove a direct connection. […] Although we know the things that are linked to lupus, it’s important to remember that researchers have not been able to prove that they directly cause the disease.

• #6 Lupus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus

  Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. […] The cause of SLE is not clear. It is thought to involve a combination of genetics and environmental factors. […] Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will also develop the disease. […] Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase a person’s risk. […] The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person’s own tissues. […] Patients with SLE have higher levels of DNA damage than normal subjects, and several proteins involved in the preservation of genomic stability show polymorphisms, some of which increase the risk for SLE development.

• #7 Gene identified that causes lupus disease

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/news/gene-identified-that-causes-lupus-disease

  The causal relationship between the TLR7 gene mutation and lupus paves the way for an effective cure. […] The genome analyzed discovered a variant of the TLR7 gene as the cause of lupus disease. […] A study published in Nature led by the Australian National University has identified a variant of the TLR7 gene as the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This finding paves the way for the development of more effective treatments. […] A mutation in this gene can trigger an autoimmune reaction like the one that occurs in lupus. […] Causative factors can be hormonal or environmental, such as oestrogens, infections, emotional and physical stress, pregnancy, various drugs and ultraviolet light from sunlight. […] Identifying this gene and its causal relationship with lupus paves the way for the search for treatments directed at the TLR7 gene and for a possible cure.

• #8 TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus | Nature

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04642-z

  Although circumstantial evidence supports enhanced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling as a mechanism of human systemic autoimmune disease, evidence of lupus-causing TLR7 gene variants is lacking. Here we describe human systemic lupus erythematosus caused by a TLR7 gain-of-function variant. […] We establish the importance of TLR7 and guanosine-containing self-ligands for human lupus pathogenesis, which paves the way for therapeutic TLR7 or MyD88 inhibition. […] There is accumulating evidence that patients with SLE display phenotypes that are consistent with increased TLR7 signalling associated with elevated IgDCD27 double-negative B cells and, more specifically, the CXCR5CD11c+ subset (also known as DN2 B cells or age-associated B cells (ABCs)) in the peripheral blood, and excessive accumulation of extrafollicular helper T cells.

• #9 Lupus and women

  https://womenshealth.gov/lupus/lupus-and-women

  Researchers are still studying possible causes of lupus. […] We do know that lupus is not a disease you can catch from someone else. […] Genes play an important role but are not the only reason a person will get lupus. […] Even someone with one or more of the genes associated with lupus has only a small chance of actually getting the disease. […] Researchers are studying possible causes such as: […] The environment. Sunlight, stress, smoking, certain medicines, and viruses may trigger symptoms in people who are most likely to get lupus due to their genes. […] Hormones such as estrogen. Lupus is more common in women during their childbearing years when estrogen levels are highest. […] Problems with the immune system.

• #10 Lupus: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/arthritis-lupus

  Lupus Causes […] Doctors dont know what causes lupus. But they think something or a combination of things triggers your immune system to attack your body. That’s why most treatments are aimed at weakening your immune system. The things that lead to this faulty immune response arent clear, but scientists think they may include: […] […] Genes. There is very little evidence that particular genes directly cause lupus, but some genes seem to raise your risk for lupus. For example, people of certain ethnicities Hispanic, Native American, African, Asian, Pacific Islander are more likely to get lupus, possibly due to shared genes. […] […] Still, it seems clear that genes arent enough to cause the disease. Even in identical twins (which have identical genes) where one twin has lupus, the other twin is only about 30% more likely than normal to develop the disease. […]

• #10 Lupus: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/arthritis-lupus

  Hormones. Women, or those assigned female at birth, get lupus far more often than men. In addition, lupus symptoms seem to increase before monthly periods and during pregnancy when estrogen is higher. […] […] But medications with estrogen, such as birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy, dont seem to raise the risk of lupus. Scientists are trying to figure out what, if any, connection there is between hormones and lupus and why women get the disease more often. […] […] Environment. It can be hard to figure out exactly which things around you act as causes of lupus. But there are some factors that scientists have strong suspicions about. These include: […] […] Cigarette smoke […] […] Silica, a common mineral from the earth’s crust found in sand, stone, concrete, and mortar […]

• #10 Lupus: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/arthritis-lupus

  Mercury […] […] Viruses including Epstein-Barr, herpes zoster, and cytomegalovirus […] […] Ultraviolet (UV) light […] […] Stress […] […] Medications. Some prescription medications such as hydralazine and procainamide can cause lupus. The symptoms usually get better after you stop taking the drug. […] […] Other risk factors. Several other things could make you more likely to get lupus, such as: […] […] Sex: 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. […] […] Age: People aged 15 to 45 years are most often affected. […] […] Family history: Lupus sometimes affects more than one member of a family. But only about 10% of people with lupus have a close relative with the disease. […] […] Race: Lupus is more common among women of African American, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American descent. African American and Hispanic women tend to have more serious cases of lupus.

• #11 Lupus – diagnosis, treatment, symptoms and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lupus

  Lupus is an autoimmune illness where your immune system attacks your normal cells. […] The exact cause of lupus is unknown. Lupus may be caused by a combination of genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. You are more likely to have lupus if someone genetically related to you has it. […] Lupus develops if your immune system makes antibodies that attack your normal body cells. This leads to inflammation, pain and damage in the parts of your body that are affected. […] Several factors may trigger lupus, such as: hormones females, especially those of childbearing age, have a higher risk than males, suggesting hormones like oestrogen may play a role, environment exposure to too much sunlight, some viral infections or chemicals, medicines some medicines may trigger lupus, which usually goes away once you stop taking the medicine. […] Symptom flare-ups in lupus can be triggered by various factors, including: certain foods, medicines and chemicals, stress, pregnancy, hormones, sun exposure, viral and bacterial infections.

• #12 Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw120667

  Lupus is an autoimmune disease. This means that the body’s natural defense system (immune system) attacks your body’s healthy tissues instead of attacking only things like bacteria and viruses. This causes inflammation. […] The exact cause of lupus isn’t known. Experts believe that some people are born with certain genetic mutations that affect their immune systems and make them more likely to get lupus. […] Certain things can trigger lupus flares. These may include: Exposure to ultraviolet light. This is usually from sunlight. Smoking. Smoking can trigger flares and may also make them more severe. Some medicines. Some infections. Some people who have cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus (such as fifth disease), and hepatitis C infections eventually get lupus. The Epstein-Barr virus has been linked to lupus in children. Chemical exposure. Suspected chemical toxins include trichloroethylene in well water and silica dust. Hair dyes and straighteners, linked to lupus in the past, are no longer thought to trigger it. […] The chances of getting lupus are higher in people who: Are female. Are Black. Are ages 15 to 45. Have a family history of lupus. Take medicines that are linked with drug-induced systemic lupus.

• #13 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/discoid-lupus-erythematosus

  IRF5 and TYK2 are involved in interferon regulation. […] ITGAM polymorphisms confer a greater risk for DLE than systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). […] Exogenous factors include: Smoking which is more common in those with DLE and which also impairs the efficacy of antimalarials […] Ultraviolet radiation can provoke DLE as it is a photosensitive disorder. However, it can be found in non-sun exposed areas. […] There is a link between DLE and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Approximately 5% of patients with localised and 15% with generalised DLE develop SLE.

• #14 Systemic lupus erythematosus: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/

  About 10 percent of SLE cases are thought to be triggered by drug exposure, and more than 80 drugs that may be involved have been identified. […] In people with SLE, cells that have undergone self-destruction (apoptosis) because they are damaged or no longer needed are not cleared away properly. The relationship of this loss of function to the cause or features of SLE is unclear. Researchers suggest that these dead cells may release substances that cause the immune system to react inappropriately and attack the body’s tissues, resulting in the signs and symptoms of SLE.

• #14 Systemic lupus erythematosus: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/

  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in connective tissues, such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels, which provide strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body. […] SLE is one of a large group of conditions called autoimmune disorders that occur when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues and organs. […] Normal variations (polymorphisms) in many genes can affect the risk of developing SLE, and in most cases multiple genetic factors are thought to be involved. In rare cases, variants (also called mutations) in single genes cause SLE. Most of the genes associated with SLE are involved in immune system function, and changes in these genes likely affect proper targeting and control of the immune response. […] Sex hormones and a variety of environmental factors including viral infections, diet, stress, chemical exposures, and sunlight are also thought to play a role in triggering this complex disorder.

• #15 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-overview

  SLE is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem inflammation with the generation of autoantibodies. Although the specific cause of SLE is unknown, multiple factors are associated with the development of the disease, including genetic, epigenetic, ethnic, immunoregulatory, hormonal, and environmental factors. […] To date, about 100 SLE susceptibility genetic loci have been identified, mostly in European and Asian populations, explaining around 30% of the inheritability of lupus. […] Many immune disturbances, both innate and acquired, occur in SLE. […] It is important to note that antibodies may be present for many years before the onset of the first symptoms of SLE. […] One longstanding proposed mechanism for the development of autoantibodies involves a defect in apoptosis that causes increased cell death and a disturbance in immune tolerance.

• #15 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-overview

  The redistribution of cellular antigens during necrosis/apoptosis leads to a cell-surface display of plasma and nuclear antigens in the form of nucleosomes. […] Subsequently, dysregulated (intolerant) lymphocytes begin targeting normally protected intracellular antigens. […] The defective clearance of the apoptotic cell debris allows for the persistence of antigen and immune complex production. […] T cells have long been thought to play a central role in SLE pathogenesis, and T cells from patients with lupus show defects in both signaling and effector function. […] However, the method by which each of these deficits contributes to the exact clinical syndrome seen in an individual patient is still unknown. […] Many clinical manifestations of SLE are mediated by circulating immune complexes that form with antigens in various tissues or the direct effects of antibodies on cell surface components.

• #15 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-overview

  Autoantibodies have been found to be biomarkers for future neuropsychiatric events in SLE. […] A study of 35 SLE patients, 16 of whom had overt neuropsychiatric symptoms, found that values of antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies, anti-nucleosome antibody, anticardiac phospholipid antibody (aCL-IgG), and anti-2-glycoprotein I antibodies were significantly higher in the patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. […] Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are found in nearly all individuals with active SLE. […] A subset of SLE patients present with IgG autoantibodies to ribosomal P protein (anti-Rib-P antibodies). […] There is a clear genetic component in SLE, with a sibling risk ratio 8-fold to 29-fold higher than that in the general population and a 10-fold increase in disease concordance in identical twins.

• #16 Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: risks, mechanisms and therapeutic targets | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/82/8/999

  Research elucidating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has defined two critical families of mediators, type I interferon (IFN-I) and autoantibodies targeting nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as fundamental contributors to the disease. […] On the fertile background of significant genetic risk, a triggering stimulus, perhaps microbial, induces IFN-I, autoantibody production or most likely both. […] The goal of these studies is to understand disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets and stimulate development of therapeutics that can achieve improved outcomes for patients. […] The diversity of clinical manifestations and the multiple molecular pathways implicated in patients diagnosed with SLE have raised the possibility that lupus represents many diseases rather than variable presentations of one disease.

• #16 Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: risks, mechanisms and therapeutic targets | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/82/8/999

  While research will ultimately inform the characterisation of SLE, there is rationale for viewing lupus as a disorder attributable to immune system mediators that represent common denominators across most patients, specifically type I interferon (IFN-I) and characteristic autoantibodies. […] This admittedly selective review of mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of SLE will highlight the genetic variations that establish risk and the activation of the IFN-I system and generation of autoimmunity that are arguably the prerequisites for lupus disease. […] The complement locus, in the MHC class III region, is of particular interest in view of the important role of the classical pathway in clearing potentially pathogenic immune complexes. […] Data from mouse studies support the conclusion that C4A is particularly efficient at mediating self-antigen clearance.

• #17 Lupus: Causes, symptoms, and research

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323653

  Lupus is an autoimmune condition, but the exact cause is unclear. […] Researchers do not yet entirely understand what causes lupus, but they believe it is caused by multiple factors. […] One possible theory relates to cell death, a natural process that occurs as the body renews its cells. Due to genetic factors, the bodies of people with lupus may not properly clear cells that have died. […] The dead cells that remain may lead to the production of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), that go on to attack the body, causing lupus symptoms. […] Lupus may develop in response to several factors. These may be: hormonal factors as females aged 15-44 years are nine times more likely to have lupus than males, genetic factors, as lupus often runs in families, and scientists have identified certain genes that are common to people with lupus, environmental factors, such as exposure to tobacco smoke or pollution or having the Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis.

• #17 Lupus: Causes, symptoms, and research

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323653

  Researchers do not currently know what causes lupus. However, they believe that environmental, genetic, immunological, and endocrine factors may play a role. […] The following three factors may trigger lupus: stress, exposure to toxins, such as cigarette smoke or air pollution, having an infection, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus.

• #18 Scientists Discover a Cause of Lupus and a Possible Way to Reverse It – News Center

  https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2024/07/10/scientists-discover-a-cause-of-lupus-and-a-possible-way-to-reverse-it/

  Ultimately, these changes lead to insufficient activation of a pathway controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates cells response to environmental pollutants, bacteria or metabolites. […] Insufficient activation of AHR results in too many disease-promoting immune cells, called the T peripheral helper cells, that promote the production of disease-causing autoantibodies. […] We found that if we either activate the AHR pathway with small molecule activators or limit the pathologically excessive interferon in the blood, we can reduce the number of these disease-causing cells, said Choi, who is also a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center. If these effects are durable, this may be a potential cure.

• #19 Lupus and your skin: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/lupus-causes

  Research shows that systemic lupus erythematosus is 2 to 3 times more common in women than men and more common in Black Americans than white Americans. Discoid lupus is most common in Black people. […] All types of lupus are autoimmune diseases. […] An autoimmune disease develops when your immune system attacks part of your own body. For example, if you have the most common type of lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), your body may attack the kidneys, skin, or other parts of the body. […] Any time lupus affects the skin, your immune system is attacking healthy skin cells. […] Researchers continue to study why people get different types of lupus, including the different types of cutaneous (skin) lupus. What researchers have learned suggests that most types of lupus develop when the following happens: The person inherits one or more genes that increase the risk of developing lupus. These genes can come from their mother or father.

• #20 Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/lupus-systemic-lupus-erythematosus

  Lupus is an autoimmune disease. This means that the immune system (which normally protects the body from infections) mistakenly attacks healthy cells. This can cause symptoms and may damage the affected parts of the body. […] It is not known why lupus occurs. Possible triggers of lupus include infections, smoking, or sunlight. Hormonal changes may play a role in lupus, which could explain why it is much more common in women. […] Drug-induced lupus is a condition where lupus-like symptoms develop as a reaction to certain medications (such as minocycline or hydralazine). Drug-induced lupus tends to be milder than other forms of lupus, and usually goes away after the drug is stopped.

• #21 Quick Facts:Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/autoimmune-disorders-of-connective-tissue/systemic-lupus-erythematosus-sle

  Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a long-term autoimmune disease. In lupus your immune system attacks the connective tissue in your body. Doctors dont know what causes this to happen. […] Sometimes, certain medicines cause lupus. If this happens, your symptoms usually go away when you stop taking the medicine.

• #22 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options | The American Journal of Patient Health Info

  https://ajphi.org/ajphi/article/view/39

  Abnormalities in the immune system, including overactivity or dysregulation, contribute to the development of SLE. […] Hormonal changes, particularly in women, such as during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause, can affect SLE activity. […] Exposure to certain environmental factors, like infections and sunlight, may initiate or exacerbate SLE. […] Certain medications like Isoniazid, Hydralazine, Procainamide, Minocycline, Quinidine, and (TNF)Alpha Inhibitors such as Infliximab, Adalimumab, Etanercept exacerbates SLE.

• #23 What causes lupus? A new study reveals potential treatment options. – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2024/07/12/lupus-cause-treatment-research/

  The cause of lupus is unknown, experts said, but “genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors all play a role in the development of SLE,” according to a review. […] “While lupus is not an immediately deadly disease like cancer, it robs people of a lot in their everyday lives and in years of life, as well,” Askanase said. […] “If we could find molecular root causes of lupus, we could design potentially safer, more effective therapies.” […] The findings of this study are perhaps “taking us to precision medicine, where we could evaluate — exactly as Deepak Rao has done beautifully — let’s take our patients, let’s categorize them and those that fit into this paradigm, that’s the therapy we know to give them.” […] Several other autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis have an excess of the T cells found in lupus patients, and the therapeutic treatment researchers proposed “could be beneficial across many of these diseases,” Rao said in an email.

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