Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #2 Sprains and strains | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sprains-and-strains

  Sprains and strains are injuries to the soft tissues that connect, support and surround bones and organs. […] Both sprains and strains can cause pain, swelling, bruising and difficulty using the injured area. […] It’s important to see your doctor to ensure your injury is properly treated and to prevent complications. […] Your doctor will ask you questions about how the injury happened and what your symptoms are. This helps your doctor understand the type and severity of your injury. […] Sprains and strains can take time to heal. It’s important to get the right treatment to help you recover faster. […] It is important to get the correct treatment for a sprain or strain as soon as possible after the injury to help you recover quickly.

• #3 Predictive Factors of Recovery after an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Longitudinal Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/9/3/41

  A prominent feature of ankle sprains is their variable clinical course. The difficulty of providing a reliable early prognosis may be responsible for the substantial rate of poor outcomes after an ankle sprain. […] Pain four weeks after ankle sprain had relevant predictive value for long-term recovery. Special attention should be paid to patients reporting persistent pain while walking four weeks following sprain to reduce the risk of chronicity. […] The results of the present study suggested that perceived pain during walking is associated with long-term recovery. […] Pain while walking was negatively associated with the probability of recovery (odd ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95). In other words, the odds of recovery seven months after the sprain decreased by 29% for each additional point on the pain scale assessed four weeks after the injury.

• #4 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #5 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #6 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #7 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #8 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #9 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] A strain is an injury to muscles or tendons. […] Healing depends on various factors including the type of tissue and severity of injury, treatment undertaken, previous injuries, and the age and general health of the person. […] Most soft tissue injuries take a few weeks to heal, depending on the severity of the sprain or strain, any subsequent injuries or issues such as weakness, stiffness, poor balance or function, and the general health of the person. […] Hamstring strains (the most common strain) have an average return to play time of 3 weeks. […] Lateral ankle sprains (one of the most common ligament sprains) have an average return to play time of 2.5 weeks. However, the variation can be large with some studies citing return to play times of over 100 days for some hamstring strains and ankle sprains.

• #10 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  Its important to get the correct treatment as soon after the injury as possible to help faster recovery. […] Whether you have surgery or a period of immobilisation and physical therapy as the treatment for a grade III injury, medium to long-term functional outcomes is similar for either treatment.

• #11 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  One-third of individuals who sustain an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain suffer significant disability due to pain, functional instability, mechanical instability or recurrent sprain after recovery plateaus at 1 to 5 years post injury. […] The identification of early prognostic factors associated with poor recovery may provide an opportunity for early-targeted intervention and improve outcome. […] Age, female gender, swelling, restricted range of motion, limited weight bearing ability, pain (at the medial joint line and on weight-bearing dorsi-flexion at 4 weeks, and pain at rest at 3 months), higher injury severity rating, palpation/stress score, non-inversion mechanism injury, lower self-reported recovery, re-sprain within 3 months, MRI determined number of sprained ligaments, severity and bone bruise were found to be independent predictors of poor recovery.

• #12 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  One-third of individuals who sustain an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain suffer significant disability due to pain, functional instability, mechanical instability or recurrent sprain after recovery plateaus at 1 to 5 years post injury. […] The identification of early prognostic factors associated with poor recovery may provide an opportunity for early-targeted intervention and improve outcome. […] Age, female gender, swelling, restricted range of motion, limited weight bearing ability, pain (at the medial joint line and on weight-bearing dorsi-flexion at 4 weeks, and pain at rest at 3 months), higher injury severity rating, palpation/stress score, non-inversion mechanism injury, lower self-reported recovery, re-sprain within 3 months, MRI determined number of sprained ligaments, severity and bone bruise were found to be independent predictors of poor recovery.

• #13 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  One-third of individuals who sustain an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain suffer significant disability due to pain, functional instability, mechanical instability or recurrent sprain after recovery plateaus at 1 to 5 years post injury. […] The identification of early prognostic factors associated with poor recovery may provide an opportunity for early-targeted intervention and improve outcome. […] Age, female gender, swelling, restricted range of motion, limited weight bearing ability, pain (at the medial joint line and on weight-bearing dorsi-flexion at 4 weeks, and pain at rest at 3 months), higher injury severity rating, palpation/stress score, non-inversion mechanism injury, lower self-reported recovery, re-sprain within 3 months, MRI determined number of sprained ligaments, severity and bone bruise were found to be independent predictors of poor recovery.

• #14 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  One-third of individuals who sustain an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain suffer significant disability due to pain, functional instability, mechanical instability or recurrent sprain after recovery plateaus at 1 to 5 years post injury. […] The identification of early prognostic factors associated with poor recovery may provide an opportunity for early-targeted intervention and improve outcome. […] Age, female gender, swelling, restricted range of motion, limited weight bearing ability, pain (at the medial joint line and on weight-bearing dorsi-flexion at 4 weeks, and pain at rest at 3 months), higher injury severity rating, palpation/stress score, non-inversion mechanism injury, lower self-reported recovery, re-sprain within 3 months, MRI determined number of sprained ligaments, severity and bone bruise were found to be independent predictors of poor recovery.

• #15 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  Factors that may be associated with poor recovery at short-term include: pain intensity, difficulties bearing weight, restricted joint motion and functional ability. […] At long-term: older age, female gender. […] There is limited evidence that re-current sprain within 3 months, predicts subjective recovery at long term. […] There is a substantial gap in the literature for prognostic factors of poor recovery.

• #16 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  Factors that may be associated with poor recovery at short-term include: pain intensity, difficulties bearing weight, restricted joint motion and functional ability. […] At long-term: older age, female gender. […] There is limited evidence that re-current sprain within 3 months, predicts subjective recovery at long term. […] There is a substantial gap in the literature for prognostic factors of poor recovery.

• #17 Development and prospective external validation of a tool to predict poor recovery at 9 months after acute ankle sprain in UK emergency departments: the SPRAINED prognostic model – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30397008/

  Objectives: To develop and externally validate a prognostic model for poor recovery after ankle sprain. […] Poor recovery was defined as presence of pain, functional difficulty or lack of confidence in the ankle at 9 months after injury. […] The baseline model had fair discriminatory ability (C-statistic 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.79) but poor calibration. The updated model presented better discrimination (C-statistic 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84), but equivalent calibration. […] The models include predictors easy to assess clinically and show benefit when compared with not using any model.

• #18 Development and prospective external validation of a tool to predict poor recovery at 9 months after acute ankle sprain in UK emergency departments: the SPRAINED prognostic model

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6231561/

  To develop and externally validate a prognostic model for poor recovery after ankle sprain. […] Poor recovery was defined as presence of pain, functional difficulty or lack of confidence in the ankle at 9 months after injury. […] The models include predictors easy to assess clinically and show benefit when compared with not using any model. […] We developed a prognostic model to predict a composite outcome representing the presence of at least one of the following symptoms at 9 months after an acute ankle sprain: pain, functional difficulty or lack of confidence in the ankle. […] The model presented fair discriminatory ability in a prospective cohort composed for the models external validation, but poor calibration. […] Including an additional variable collected at 4 weeks after the injury (pain when bearing weight on the injured ankle) improved the discriminatory ability of the model. […] The SPRAINED prognostic models performed reasonably and despite some miscalibration show benefit in identifying patients at high risk of poor outcome after an acute ankle sprain.

• #19 Development and prospective external validation of a tool to predict poor recovery at 9 months after acute ankle sprain in UK emergency departments: the SPRAINED prognostic model – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30397008/

  Objectives: To develop and externally validate a prognostic model for poor recovery after ankle sprain. […] Poor recovery was defined as presence of pain, functional difficulty or lack of confidence in the ankle at 9 months after injury. […] The baseline model had fair discriminatory ability (C-statistic 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.79) but poor calibration. The updated model presented better discrimination (C-statistic 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84), but equivalent calibration. […] The models include predictors easy to assess clinically and show benefit when compared with not using any model.

• #20 A new tool helps predict recovery from ankle sprain

  https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-new-tool-helps-predict-recovery-from-ankle-sprain/

  The SPRAINED model may improve prediction of people who are at risk of delayed recovery from ankle sprain. […] Delayed recovery from ankle injury was more likely to be detected when using the SPRAINED model than by clinicians using judgment alone. […] This predictive model was developed to include a range of clinical factors that might help decide whether a patient is at risk of having problems nine months after their ankle sprain. […] The SPRAINED model performed well at predicting poor recovery nine months after initial injury (C-statistic 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66 to 0.79; where 0.5 signifies no predictive or discriminatory ability and 1.00 would be perfect). […] When adding the ability to bear weight at four weeks after injury, the predictive value of the model improved (C-statistic 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84).

• #21 A new tool helps predict recovery from ankle sprain

  https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-new-tool-helps-predict-recovery-from-ankle-sprain/

  The SPRAINED model may improve prediction of people who are at risk of delayed recovery from ankle sprain. […] Delayed recovery from ankle injury was more likely to be detected when using the SPRAINED model than by clinicians using judgment alone. […] This predictive model was developed to include a range of clinical factors that might help decide whether a patient is at risk of having problems nine months after their ankle sprain. […] The SPRAINED model performed well at predicting poor recovery nine months after initial injury (C-statistic 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66 to 0.79; where 0.5 signifies no predictive or discriminatory ability and 1.00 would be perfect). […] When adding the ability to bear weight at four weeks after injury, the predictive value of the model improved (C-statistic 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84).

• #22 A new tool helps predict recovery from ankle sprain

  https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-new-tool-helps-predict-recovery-from-ankle-sprain/

  The SPRAINED model can be used to help clinicians in emergency departments advise patients of their likelihood of poor recovery from ankle sprain. […] It would be useful to test the model in larger numbers of people with ankle sprains and to follow the consequences of its use in terms of important outcomes like return to sports and to work.

• #23 Predictive Factors of Recovery after an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Longitudinal Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/9/3/41

  A prominent feature of ankle sprains is their variable clinical course. The difficulty of providing a reliable early prognosis may be responsible for the substantial rate of poor outcomes after an ankle sprain. […] Pain four weeks after ankle sprain had relevant predictive value for long-term recovery. Special attention should be paid to patients reporting persistent pain while walking four weeks following sprain to reduce the risk of chronicity. […] The results of the present study suggested that perceived pain during walking is associated with long-term recovery. […] Pain while walking was negatively associated with the probability of recovery (odd ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95). In other words, the odds of recovery seven months after the sprain decreased by 29% for each additional point on the pain scale assessed four weeks after the injury.

• #24 Predictive Factors of Recovery after an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Longitudinal Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/9/3/41

  A prominent feature of ankle sprains is their variable clinical course. The difficulty of providing a reliable early prognosis may be responsible for the substantial rate of poor outcomes after an ankle sprain. […] Pain four weeks after ankle sprain had relevant predictive value for long-term recovery. Special attention should be paid to patients reporting persistent pain while walking four weeks following sprain to reduce the risk of chronicity. […] The results of the present study suggested that perceived pain during walking is associated with long-term recovery. […] Pain while walking was negatively associated with the probability of recovery (odd ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95). In other words, the odds of recovery seven months after the sprain decreased by 29% for each additional point on the pain scale assessed four weeks after the injury.

• #25 Predictive Factors of Recovery after an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Longitudinal Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/9/3/41

  These findings also highlight the importance of the assessment of pain while walking in detecting patients at risk of poor long-term prognosis. Assessing patients after the acute phase of ankle sprain recovery may help in selecting ideal rehabilitation treatments. Particular attention should be paid to patients with persistent pain in order to reduce the risk of chronicity.

• #26 The Assessment, Management and Prevention of Calf Muscle Strain Injuries: A Qualitative Study of the Practices and Perspectives of 20 Expert Sports Clinicians | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-021-00364-0

  Experts followed a rigorous process during the clinical examination of calf muscle strain injuries to establish the diagnosis, make an estimate regarding prognosis, and to design an appropriate rehabilitation program. […] Information provided by experts enabled a recommended approach to clinically evaluate CMSI to be outlined, highlighting the injury characteristics considered most important for diagnosis and prognosis. […] A staged approach for accurately determining prognosis after CMSI was identified from information provided by experts. […] Experts perceived the value of staging the approach to be three-fold: (1) recurrence due to overly aggressive rehabilitation or premature RTP clearance was less likely, (2) unnecessarily conservative RTP time frames were avoided because data-gathering is ongoing, and (3) performance-related factors are able to be considered and planned for. […] While preventing calf muscle strain injuries was believed to be complex, a hierarchical approach to exercise selection and load management may be useful to inform prevention strategies.

• #27 The Assessment, Management and Prevention of Calf Muscle Strain Injuries: A Qualitative Study of the Practices and Perspectives of 20 Expert Sports Clinicians | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-021-00364-0

  Experts followed a rigorous process during the clinical examination of calf muscle strain injuries to establish the diagnosis, make an estimate regarding prognosis, and to design an appropriate rehabilitation program. […] Information provided by experts enabled a recommended approach to clinically evaluate CMSI to be outlined, highlighting the injury characteristics considered most important for diagnosis and prognosis. […] A staged approach for accurately determining prognosis after CMSI was identified from information provided by experts. […] Experts perceived the value of staging the approach to be three-fold: (1) recurrence due to overly aggressive rehabilitation or premature RTP clearance was less likely, (2) unnecessarily conservative RTP time frames were avoided because data-gathering is ongoing, and (3) performance-related factors are able to be considered and planned for. […] While preventing calf muscle strain injuries was believed to be complex, a hierarchical approach to exercise selection and load management may be useful to inform prevention strategies.

• #28 Predicting Functional Recovery after Acute Ankle Sprain | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072124

  Current clinical practice guidelines offer few recommendations on prognostic factors associated with ankle sprain. Consequently, discharge criteria after ankle sprain are often vague and avoid prognostication relating to recovery. Determining important markers of prognosis will provide higher level evidence for clinical decision making and help highlight patients most at risk of inadequate recovery. The primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of short and medium term functional recovery after acute ankle sprain. […] We found further evidence of the variable course of ankle sprain recovery. Age and weight-bearing status on assessment provided useful prognostic information for short and medium term functional recovery. Injury grade and mechanism of injury were also useful predictors of short and medium term function respectively. Physical examination at 4 weeks held most prognostic value and explained 50% of the variation in medium term function (4 months post injury). […] The current evidence base provides a poor guide for clinicians who are planning treatment and predicting recovery in the acute phases after ankle sprain. Further research is needed to develop prognostic models in the primary care setting.

• #29 Predicting Functional Recovery after Acute Ankle Sprain | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072124

  Ankle sprains are among the most common acute musculoskeletal conditions presenting to primary care. Their clinical course is variable but there are limited recommendations on prognostic factors. Our primary aim was to identify clinical predictors of short and medium term functional recovery after ankle sprain. […] The results of the present study provide further evidence that ankle sprains have a variable clinical course. Age, injury grade, mechanism and weight-bearing status at baseline provide some prognostic information for short and medium term recovery. Clinical assessment variables at 4 weeks were the strongest predictors of recovery, explaining 50% of the variance in ankle function at 4 months. Further prospective research is required to highlight the factors that best inform the expected convalescent period, and risk of recurrence.

• #30 Predicting Functional Recovery after Acute Ankle Sprain | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072124

  Current clinical practice guidelines offer few recommendations on prognostic factors associated with ankle sprain. Consequently, discharge criteria after ankle sprain are often vague and avoid prognostication relating to recovery. Determining important markers of prognosis will provide higher level evidence for clinical decision making and help highlight patients most at risk of inadequate recovery. The primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of short and medium term functional recovery after acute ankle sprain. […] We found further evidence of the variable course of ankle sprain recovery. Age and weight-bearing status on assessment provided useful prognostic information for short and medium term functional recovery. Injury grade and mechanism of injury were also useful predictors of short and medium term function respectively. Physical examination at 4 weeks held most prognostic value and explained 50% of the variation in medium term function (4 months post injury). […] The current evidence base provides a poor guide for clinicians who are planning treatment and predicting recovery in the acute phases after ankle sprain. Further research is needed to develop prognostic models in the primary care setting.

• #31 Predicting Functional Recovery after Acute Ankle Sprain | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072124

  Current clinical practice guidelines offer few recommendations on prognostic factors associated with ankle sprain. Consequently, discharge criteria after ankle sprain are often vague and avoid prognostication relating to recovery. Determining important markers of prognosis will provide higher level evidence for clinical decision making and help highlight patients most at risk of inadequate recovery. The primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of short and medium term functional recovery after acute ankle sprain. […] We found further evidence of the variable course of ankle sprain recovery. Age and weight-bearing status on assessment provided useful prognostic information for short and medium term functional recovery. Injury grade and mechanism of injury were also useful predictors of short and medium term function respectively. Physical examination at 4 weeks held most prognostic value and explained 50% of the variation in medium term function (4 months post injury). […] The current evidence base provides a poor guide for clinicians who are planning treatment and predicting recovery in the acute phases after ankle sprain. Further research is needed to develop prognostic models in the primary care setting.

• #32 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  The associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. […] At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. […] There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain. […] The combination of a high volume injury with poor prognosis in one-third of injuries, suggests that being able to predict those individuals with expected poor recovery would be of considerable value to injured individuals and healthcare providers. […] Understanding prognostic factors for poor recovery following an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and direct the provision of targeted treatment.

• #33 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  The associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. […] At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. […] There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain. […] The combination of a high volume injury with poor prognosis in one-third of injuries, suggests that being able to predict those individuals with expected poor recovery would be of considerable value to injured individuals and healthcare providers. […] Understanding prognostic factors for poor recovery following an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and direct the provision of targeted treatment.

• #34 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  The associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. […] At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. […] There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain. […] The combination of a high volume injury with poor prognosis in one-third of injuries, suggests that being able to predict those individuals with expected poor recovery would be of considerable value to injured individuals and healthcare providers. […] Understanding prognostic factors for poor recovery following an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and direct the provision of targeted treatment.

• #35 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  The associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. […] At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. […] There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain. […] The combination of a high volume injury with poor prognosis in one-third of injuries, suggests that being able to predict those individuals with expected poor recovery would be of considerable value to injured individuals and healthcare providers. […] Understanding prognostic factors for poor recovery following an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and direct the provision of targeted treatment.

• #36 Predicting Functional Recovery after Acute Ankle Sprain | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072124

  Current clinical practice guidelines offer few recommendations on prognostic factors associated with ankle sprain. Consequently, discharge criteria after ankle sprain are often vague and avoid prognostication relating to recovery. Determining important markers of prognosis will provide higher level evidence for clinical decision making and help highlight patients most at risk of inadequate recovery. The primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of short and medium term functional recovery after acute ankle sprain. […] We found further evidence of the variable course of ankle sprain recovery. Age and weight-bearing status on assessment provided useful prognostic information for short and medium term functional recovery. Injury grade and mechanism of injury were also useful predictors of short and medium term function respectively. Physical examination at 4 weeks held most prognostic value and explained 50% of the variation in medium term function (4 months post injury). […] The current evidence base provides a poor guide for clinicians who are planning treatment and predicting recovery in the acute phases after ankle sprain. Further research is needed to develop prognostic models in the primary care setting.

• #37 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  Its important to get the correct treatment as soon after the injury as possible to help faster recovery. […] Whether you have surgery or a period of immobilisation and physical therapy as the treatment for a grade III injury, medium to long-term functional outcomes is similar for either treatment.

• #38 Sprains and strains | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sprains-and-strains

  Sprains and strains are injuries to the soft tissues that connect, support and surround bones and organs. […] Both sprains and strains can cause pain, swelling, bruising and difficulty using the injured area. […] It’s important to see your doctor to ensure your injury is properly treated and to prevent complications. […] Your doctor will ask you questions about how the injury happened and what your symptoms are. This helps your doctor understand the type and severity of your injury. […] Sprains and strains can take time to heal. It’s important to get the right treatment to help you recover faster. […] It is important to get the correct treatment for a sprain or strain as soon as possible after the injury to help you recover quickly.

• #39 Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1777-9

  The associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. […] At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. […] There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain. […] The combination of a high volume injury with poor prognosis in one-third of injuries, suggests that being able to predict those individuals with expected poor recovery would be of considerable value to injured individuals and healthcare providers. […] Understanding prognostic factors for poor recovery following an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and direct the provision of targeted treatment.

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