Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aortic Dissection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition characterized by the tearing of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen that can compromise blood flow to vital organs; this condition typically presents with sudden, severe chest or back pain and may lead to catastrophic complications such as aortic rupture, cardiac tamponade, or organ ischemia. […] While the classic presentation of acute aortic dissection involves sudden, severe, tearing chest pain, subtle presentations often lead to missed diagnoses. […] Without treatment, mortality approaches 50% within 48 hours of symptom onset. […] The classic presentation is a sudden, severe, tearing pain that often reaches maximum intensity within minutes. […] The location of the pain may vary, typically appearing in the anterior chest for dissections involving the ascending aorta and in the back for those involving the descending aorta.

• #2 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #3 Aortic Dissection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition characterized by the tearing of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen that can compromise blood flow to vital organs; this condition typically presents with sudden, severe chest or back pain and may lead to catastrophic complications such as aortic rupture, cardiac tamponade, or organ ischemia. […] While the classic presentation of acute aortic dissection involves sudden, severe, tearing chest pain, subtle presentations often lead to missed diagnoses. […] Without treatment, mortality approaches 50% within 48 hours of symptom onset. […] The classic presentation is a sudden, severe, tearing pain that often reaches maximum intensity within minutes. […] The location of the pain may vary, typically appearing in the anterior chest for dissections involving the ascending aorta and in the back for those involving the descending aorta.

• #4 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #5 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #6 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #7 Aortic Dissection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition characterized by the tearing of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen that can compromise blood flow to vital organs; this condition typically presents with sudden, severe chest or back pain and may lead to catastrophic complications such as aortic rupture, cardiac tamponade, or organ ischemia. […] While the classic presentation of acute aortic dissection involves sudden, severe, tearing chest pain, subtle presentations often lead to missed diagnoses. […] Without treatment, mortality approaches 50% within 48 hours of symptom onset. […] The classic presentation is a sudden, severe, tearing pain that often reaches maximum intensity within minutes. […] The location of the pain may vary, typically appearing in the anterior chest for dissections involving the ascending aorta and in the back for those involving the descending aorta.

• #8 Aortic dissection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_dissection

  The location of pain is associated with the location of the dissection. […] Anterior chest pain is associated with dissections involving the ascending aorta, while interscapular back pain is associated with descending aortic dissections. […] If the pain is pleuritic in nature, it may suggest acute pericarditis caused by bleeding into the sac surrounding the heart. […] While the pain may be confused with that of a heart attack, AD is usually not associated with the other suggestive signs, such as heart failure and ECG changes. […] Less common symptoms that may be seen in the setting of AD include congestive heart failure (7%), fainting (9%), stroke (6%), ischemic peripheral neuropathy, paraplegia, and cardiac arrest. […] If the AD involves the abdominal aorta, compromise of one or both renal arteries occurs in 58% of cases, while ischemia of the intestines occurs about 3% of the time.

• #9 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #10 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #11 Aortic dissection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_dissection

  The location of pain is associated with the location of the dissection. […] Anterior chest pain is associated with dissections involving the ascending aorta, while interscapular back pain is associated with descending aortic dissections. […] If the pain is pleuritic in nature, it may suggest acute pericarditis caused by bleeding into the sac surrounding the heart. […] While the pain may be confused with that of a heart attack, AD is usually not associated with the other suggestive signs, such as heart failure and ECG changes. […] Less common symptoms that may be seen in the setting of AD include congestive heart failure (7%), fainting (9%), stroke (6%), ischemic peripheral neuropathy, paraplegia, and cardiac arrest. […] If the AD involves the abdominal aorta, compromise of one or both renal arteries occurs in 58% of cases, while ischemia of the intestines occurs about 3% of the time.

• #12 Aortic Dissection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection may present with chest pain, aortic regurgitation, myocardial ischaemia, congestive heart failure, pleural effusions, syncope, neurological symptoms (eg, acute paraplegia, upper or lower limb ischaemic neuropathy), mesenteric ischaemia and acute kidney injury. Aortic dissection often presents in two phases: […] The typical patient is a man in his 60s with hypertension and sudden onset of chest pain. The majority of patients with aortic dissection present with a sudden severe pain of the chest or back, classically described as 'ripping’. However, some may describe mild pain in the chest, back or groin, and it is easy to dismiss such cases as musculoskeletal. […] In aortic dissection, pain is abrupt in onset and maximal at the time of onset. In contrast, the pain associated with acute myocardial infarction starts slowly and gains in intensity with time. It is usually more oppressive and dull. The pain migrates as the dissection progresses. This is also very important.

• #13 Ischaemic stroke secondary to aortic dissection: A diagnostic challenge | Neurología (English Edition)

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition–495-articulo-ischaemic-stroke-secondary-aortic-dissection-S2173580818300051

  Aortic dissection is an infrequent condition associated with a high mortality rate. The main risk factor is chronic arterial hypertension, followed by obesity, tobacco use, and connective tissue diseases. Aortic dissection typically manifests with sudden, intense chest, abdominal, or interscapular pain. Although aortic dissection is a rare cause of ischaemic stroke, it does often present with neurological symptoms. […] Neurological symptoms appear in 17% to 40% of patients with aortic dissection, especially those with type A aortic dissection. The most frequent neurological manifestations include ischaemic stroke (6%-32%), especially right hemispheric stroke, and in some cases bilateral stroke. […] Although pain is the main symptom of aortic dissection, one third of patients with associated ischaemic stroke do not experience pain, compared to only 5% to 15% of all patients with aortic dissection. The low level of consciousness and speech and language alterations may hinder or prevent detection of this symptom. This explains the difficulty of detecting aortic dissections initially manifesting with neurological symptoms and the consequent higher mortality rates (30%) than those seen in other cases of aortic dissection (22.6%).

• #14 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #15 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #16 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #17

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-cardiovascular/thoracic-aortic-dissection

  Approximately one out of every six patients will exhibit neurologic symptoms. Syncope is reported in roughly 15% of cases and may be due to a number of causes (e.g., cardiogenic shock from tamponade or myocardial ischemia, hemorrhagic shock from rupture, bilateral carotid occlusion). […] Less than half of all patients with aortic dissection will display physical exam abnormalities historically described for this condition. […] Patients with type A dissection often present slightly differently than those with type B dissection. Type A dissection is more likely to cause chest pain or syncope and less likely to cause back or abdominal pain when compared to type B dissection. Patients with type B dissection are about two times as likely to present with hypertension (SBP 150 mmHg), whereas type A dissections are many times more likely to cause hypotension (SBP100 mmHg) with or without frank shock.

• #18 Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2062452-clinical

  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) symptoms include hemianesthesia and hemiparesis or hemiplegia. […] Altered mental status is also reported. Patients with peripheral nerve ischemia can present with numbness and tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. […] Horner syndrome is caused by interruption in the cervical sympathetic ganglia and manifests as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve compression has also been described. […] Cardiovascular manifestations involve symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic regurgitation. These include dyspnea and orthopnea. […] Respiratory symptoms can include dyspnea and hemoptysis if dissection ruptures into the pleura or if tracheal or bronchial obstruction has occurred. Physical findings of a hemothorax may be found if the dissection ruptures into the pleura. […] Other manifestations include the following: Dysphagia from compression of the esophagus, Flank pain if the renal artery is involved, Abdominal pain if the dissection involves the abdominal aorta, Fever, Anxiety and premonitions of death.

• #19 Aortic Dissection – Cardiac Surgery Associates

  https://openheart.net/aortic-dissection/

  In some cases, people do not experience any pain. Instead, you may experience any of the following symptoms: Distorted mental capacity (due to lack of blood supply to the brain), Numbness or tingling sensation in the arms or legs (due to lack of blood supply to the spinal cord). […] If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the above symptoms, call 9-1-1 immediately to get to a hospital. The survival rate increases dramatically the sooner a person is treated for an aortic dissection.

• #20 Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2062452-clinical

  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) symptoms include hemianesthesia and hemiparesis or hemiplegia. […] Altered mental status is also reported. Patients with peripheral nerve ischemia can present with numbness and tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. […] Horner syndrome is caused by interruption in the cervical sympathetic ganglia and manifests as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve compression has also been described. […] Cardiovascular manifestations involve symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic regurgitation. These include dyspnea and orthopnea. […] Respiratory symptoms can include dyspnea and hemoptysis if dissection ruptures into the pleura or if tracheal or bronchial obstruction has occurred. Physical findings of a hemothorax may be found if the dissection ruptures into the pleura. […] Other manifestations include the following: Dysphagia from compression of the esophagus, Flank pain if the renal artery is involved, Abdominal pain if the dissection involves the abdominal aorta, Fever, Anxiety and premonitions of death.

• #21 Ischaemic stroke secondary to aortic dissection: A diagnostic challenge | Neurología (English Edition)

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition–495-articulo-ischaemic-stroke-secondary-aortic-dissection-S2173580818300051

  Aortic dissection is an infrequent condition associated with a high mortality rate. The main risk factor is chronic arterial hypertension, followed by obesity, tobacco use, and connective tissue diseases. Aortic dissection typically manifests with sudden, intense chest, abdominal, or interscapular pain. Although aortic dissection is a rare cause of ischaemic stroke, it does often present with neurological symptoms. […] Neurological symptoms appear in 17% to 40% of patients with aortic dissection, especially those with type A aortic dissection. The most frequent neurological manifestations include ischaemic stroke (6%-32%), especially right hemispheric stroke, and in some cases bilateral stroke. […] Although pain is the main symptom of aortic dissection, one third of patients with associated ischaemic stroke do not experience pain, compared to only 5% to 15% of all patients with aortic dissection. The low level of consciousness and speech and language alterations may hinder or prevent detection of this symptom. This explains the difficulty of detecting aortic dissections initially manifesting with neurological symptoms and the consequent higher mortality rates (30%) than those seen in other cases of aortic dissection (22.6%).

• #22 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #23 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #24 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #25 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #26 Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Causes. Heart Conditions – Heart Foundation NZ

  https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/your-heart/heart-conditions/aortic-dissection

  Symptoms can closely resemble those of other heart conditions such as a heart attack, making it difficult to diagnose. These symptoms may include: […] Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, sometimes described as a tearing or ripping feeling […] Severe abdominal pain […] Loss of consciousness […] Breathlessness […] Fainting or dizziness […] Trouble talking or a croaky voice […] Loss of vision […] Weakness or paralysis on one side of your body (sometimes similar to stroke) […] Weak pulse in one arm compared to the other […] Leg pain or paralysis. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: […] Stroke […] Damage to internal organs such as kidney failure […] Aortic valve damage […] Cardiac tamponade (when fluid builds up in the sac around the heart putting pressure on the heart itself) […] Sudden death. […] The likelihood of these complications occurring depend on the type of tear, its severity and access to treatment. […] For people who survive the initial episode, the long-term prognosis after an aortic dissection is good. Many people survive years and decades after the event.

• #27 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #28

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-cardiovascular/thoracic-aortic-dissection

  Approximately one out of every six patients will exhibit neurologic symptoms. Syncope is reported in roughly 15% of cases and may be due to a number of causes (e.g., cardiogenic shock from tamponade or myocardial ischemia, hemorrhagic shock from rupture, bilateral carotid occlusion). […] Less than half of all patients with aortic dissection will display physical exam abnormalities historically described for this condition. […] Patients with type A dissection often present slightly differently than those with type B dissection. Type A dissection is more likely to cause chest pain or syncope and less likely to cause back or abdominal pain when compared to type B dissection. Patients with type B dissection are about two times as likely to present with hypertension (SBP 150 mmHg), whereas type A dissections are many times more likely to cause hypotension (SBP100 mmHg) with or without frank shock.

• #29 Aortic Dissection (Type A, Type B and Chronic Dissection) | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-dissection-type-type-b-and-chronic-dissection

  The most common symptoms of an aortic dissection include: […] Sudden, severe pain in the chest, back or abdomen. […] A dissection that occurs in an area of the aorta with branching arteries can block blood flow to the heart and brain, possibly leading to heart attack and stroke. Immediate treatment of dissections is critical for survival. […] Malperfusion syndrome, or lack of blood supply to vital organs, is the second most common lethal complication of acute aortic dissection following rupture. It occurs in 10% to 33% of all cases of both acute type A and type B dissection. Early diagnosis is essential. […] Malperfusion syndrome occurs when an aortic dissection blocks an artery that carries blood to a vital organ.

• #30 Aortic Dissection Explained Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, FAQs

  https://aorticdissectioncharitabletrust.org/about-aortic-dissection/

  Depending on which arteries are affected, symptoms may vary. If the coronary arteries are involved, the patient may experience a heart attack. If cerebral blood flow is reduced, symptoms may include fainting, confusion, or stroke-like effects such as weakness or speech difficulties. Involvement of the mesenteric arteries can cause ischaemia (a reduction or complete loss of blood supply) of the bowel, while limb ischaemia may occur if blood supply to the arms or legs is compromised. […] Understanding that aortic dissection can present in such diverse and non-specific ways is essential.

• #31 Aortic Dissection Explained Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, FAQs

  https://aorticdissectioncharitabletrust.org/about-aortic-dissection/

  Depending on which arteries are affected, symptoms may vary. If the coronary arteries are involved, the patient may experience a heart attack. If cerebral blood flow is reduced, symptoms may include fainting, confusion, or stroke-like effects such as weakness or speech difficulties. Involvement of the mesenteric arteries can cause ischaemia (a reduction or complete loss of blood supply) of the bowel, while limb ischaemia may occur if blood supply to the arms or legs is compromised. […] Understanding that aortic dissection can present in such diverse and non-specific ways is essential.

• #32 Aortic Dissection Explained Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, FAQs

  https://aorticdissectioncharitabletrust.org/about-aortic-dissection/

  Depending on which arteries are affected, symptoms may vary. If the coronary arteries are involved, the patient may experience a heart attack. If cerebral blood flow is reduced, symptoms may include fainting, confusion, or stroke-like effects such as weakness or speech difficulties. Involvement of the mesenteric arteries can cause ischaemia (a reduction or complete loss of blood supply) of the bowel, while limb ischaemia may occur if blood supply to the arms or legs is compromised. […] Understanding that aortic dissection can present in such diverse and non-specific ways is essential.

• #33 Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2062452-clinical

  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) symptoms include hemianesthesia and hemiparesis or hemiplegia. […] Altered mental status is also reported. Patients with peripheral nerve ischemia can present with numbness and tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. […] Horner syndrome is caused by interruption in the cervical sympathetic ganglia and manifests as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve compression has also been described. […] Cardiovascular manifestations involve symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic regurgitation. These include dyspnea and orthopnea. […] Respiratory symptoms can include dyspnea and hemoptysis if dissection ruptures into the pleura or if tracheal or bronchial obstruction has occurred. Physical findings of a hemothorax may be found if the dissection ruptures into the pleura. […] Other manifestations include the following: Dysphagia from compression of the esophagus, Flank pain if the renal artery is involved, Abdominal pain if the dissection involves the abdominal aorta, Fever, Anxiety and premonitions of death.

• #34 Aortic Dissection Explained Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, FAQs

  https://aorticdissectioncharitabletrust.org/about-aortic-dissection/

  Depending on which arteries are affected, symptoms may vary. If the coronary arteries are involved, the patient may experience a heart attack. If cerebral blood flow is reduced, symptoms may include fainting, confusion, or stroke-like effects such as weakness or speech difficulties. Involvement of the mesenteric arteries can cause ischaemia (a reduction or complete loss of blood supply) of the bowel, while limb ischaemia may occur if blood supply to the arms or legs is compromised. […] Understanding that aortic dissection can present in such diverse and non-specific ways is essential.

• #35 Aortic Dissection – Newport Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery

  https://newportcts.com/aortic-dissection/

  If the branches to the arms or legs (subclavian or iliofemoral arteries) are affected, you could develop numbness, tingling or pain in your arm(s) or leg(s), or inability to move your arm(s) or leg(s). […] If the artery to your intestines (superior mesenteric artery) is affected, you may have nausea, abdominal pain, or bloody bowel movements. […] If the arteries to your spinal cord (intercostal and lumbar arteries) are affected, you might not be able to move your legs (paraplegia). Blood flow to the liver and kidneys also can be affected; this would not necessarily cause symptoms but would show up in laboratory studies from a blood sample. Additionally, if the aortic valve becomes severely leaky because of the dissection, you might feel like you can’t breathe, which is a sign of heart failure.

• #36 Dissection of the Aorta: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/aortic-dissection

  The outlook for people with dissection of the aorta depends on different factors, including their age, health history, and the severity of the dissection. […] In some cases, your organs may not receive enough blood flow due to the dissection. This can be restored with surgery. But when organs go for too long without enough oxygen, they can experience irreversible damage that can lead to long-term side effects. […] In other cases, aortic dissection can be fatal without prompt treatment.

• #37 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate care. […] The most common feature of aortic dissection is its abrupt start. It can happen at any time, most commonly from a sudden rise in blood pressure with heavy exertion. […] Common aortic dissection symptoms you may experience include: Sudden severe, sharp pain in your chest or upper back. This may be a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Severe pain in your belly. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fainting or dizziness. Low blood pressure. Diastolic heart murmur or muffled heart sounds. Rapid weak pulse. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Loss of vision. Stroke symptoms, including weakness or paralysis on one side of your body or trouble talking. […] Without quick diagnosis and care, an aortic dissection can cause sudden death.

• #38 Aortic dissection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000181.htm

  Aortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the aorta, blood can flow in between the layers of the blood vessel wall (dissection). This can lead to aortic rupture or decreased blood flow (ischemia) to organs. […] In most cases, the symptoms begin suddenly, and include severe chest pain. The pain may feel like a heart attack. Pain can be described as sharp, stabbing, tearing, or ripping. It is felt below the breast bone, and then moves under the shoulder blades or to the back. Pain can move to the shoulder, neck, arm, jaw, abdomen, or hips. The pain changes position, often moving to the arms and legs as the aortic dissection gets worse. […] Symptoms are caused by a decrease of blood flowing to the rest of the body, and can include: Anxiety and a feeling of doom, Fainting or dizziness, Heavy sweating (clammy skin), Nausea and vomiting, Pale skin (pallor), Rapid, weak pulse, Shortness of breath and trouble breathing when lying flat (orthopnea). […] Aortic dissection is life threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than one half of people with a ruptured aorta survive.

• #39 Aortic dissection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000181.htm

  Aortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the aorta, blood can flow in between the layers of the blood vessel wall (dissection). This can lead to aortic rupture or decreased blood flow (ischemia) to organs. […] In most cases, the symptoms begin suddenly, and include severe chest pain. The pain may feel like a heart attack. Pain can be described as sharp, stabbing, tearing, or ripping. It is felt below the breast bone, and then moves under the shoulder blades or to the back. Pain can move to the shoulder, neck, arm, jaw, abdomen, or hips. The pain changes position, often moving to the arms and legs as the aortic dissection gets worse. […] Symptoms are caused by a decrease of blood flowing to the rest of the body, and can include: Anxiety and a feeling of doom, Fainting or dizziness, Heavy sweating (clammy skin), Nausea and vomiting, Pale skin (pallor), Rapid, weak pulse, Shortness of breath and trouble breathing when lying flat (orthopnea). […] Aortic dissection is life threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than one half of people with a ruptured aorta survive.

• #40 Aortic dissection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000181.htm

  Aortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the aorta, blood can flow in between the layers of the blood vessel wall (dissection). This can lead to aortic rupture or decreased blood flow (ischemia) to organs. […] In most cases, the symptoms begin suddenly, and include severe chest pain. The pain may feel like a heart attack. Pain can be described as sharp, stabbing, tearing, or ripping. It is felt below the breast bone, and then moves under the shoulder blades or to the back. Pain can move to the shoulder, neck, arm, jaw, abdomen, or hips. The pain changes position, often moving to the arms and legs as the aortic dissection gets worse. […] Symptoms are caused by a decrease of blood flowing to the rest of the body, and can include: Anxiety and a feeling of doom, Fainting or dizziness, Heavy sweating (clammy skin), Nausea and vomiting, Pale skin (pallor), Rapid, weak pulse, Shortness of breath and trouble breathing when lying flat (orthopnea). […] Aortic dissection is life threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than one half of people with a ruptured aorta survive.

• #41 Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2062452-clinical

  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) symptoms include hemianesthesia and hemiparesis or hemiplegia. […] Altered mental status is also reported. Patients with peripheral nerve ischemia can present with numbness and tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. […] Horner syndrome is caused by interruption in the cervical sympathetic ganglia and manifests as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve compression has also been described. […] Cardiovascular manifestations involve symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic regurgitation. These include dyspnea and orthopnea. […] Respiratory symptoms can include dyspnea and hemoptysis if dissection ruptures into the pleura or if tracheal or bronchial obstruction has occurred. Physical findings of a hemothorax may be found if the dissection ruptures into the pleura. […] Other manifestations include the following: Dysphagia from compression of the esophagus, Flank pain if the renal artery is involved, Abdominal pain if the dissection involves the abdominal aorta, Fever, Anxiety and premonitions of death.

• #42 Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2062452-clinical

  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) symptoms include hemianesthesia and hemiparesis or hemiplegia. […] Altered mental status is also reported. Patients with peripheral nerve ischemia can present with numbness and tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. […] Horner syndrome is caused by interruption in the cervical sympathetic ganglia and manifests as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Hoarseness from recurrent laryngeal nerve compression has also been described. […] Cardiovascular manifestations involve symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic regurgitation. These include dyspnea and orthopnea. […] Respiratory symptoms can include dyspnea and hemoptysis if dissection ruptures into the pleura or if tracheal or bronchial obstruction has occurred. Physical findings of a hemothorax may be found if the dissection ruptures into the pleura. […] Other manifestations include the following: Dysphagia from compression of the esophagus, Flank pain if the renal artery is involved, Abdominal pain if the dissection involves the abdominal aorta, Fever, Anxiety and premonitions of death.

• #43 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is-aortic-dissection

  The signs of aortic dissection can be similar to those of other diseases. Or you could feel like you’re having a heart attack. But some people don’t have any pain. […] The most common symptoms are: Shortness of breath, Loss of consciousness, A weaker pulse in one arm than the other, Fever, Fainting or dizziness, Pale skin, Nausea, Heavy sweating, Sense of doom, Sudden, severe upper back or chest pain (often described as a tearing sensation from the neck down the back), Sudden, severe belly pain, Leg pain, Mild neck, jaw, or chest pain, Sudden trouble speaking, Loss of vision, Paralysis or weakness on one side of the body, much like a stroke, Tingling, numbness, or pain in the toes or fingers, Trouble walking. […] If you, or someone you love, has any of these symptoms, call 911 right away. An aortic dissection can lead to internal bleeding and organ and heart damage.

• #44 Aortic dissection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_dissection

  The risk of death due to aortic dissection is highest in the first few hours after the dissection begins, and decreases afterward. […] About 66% of all dissections present in the acute phase. Individuals who present two weeks after the onset of the dissection are said to have chronic aortic dissections. […] The risk of death is highest in the first two years after the acute event, and individuals should be followed closely during this time period.

• #45 Aortic Dissection – Classification – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/arterial/aortic-dissection/

  An aortic dissection is a tear in the intimal layer of the aortic wall, causing blood to flow between and splitting apart the tunica intima and media. […] Aortic dissections from the initial intimal tear can progress distally, proximally, or in both directions from the point of origin. Anterograde dissections propagate towards the iliac arteries and retrograde dissections propagate towards the aortic valve. […] They can be defined as acute (when diagnosed within 14 days) or chronic (when diagnosed after 14 days). […] The characteristic presentation of an acute aortic syndrome is of a tearing chest pain, classically radiating through to the back, yet the diagnosis is often challenging and may be a more subtle presentation. […] The most common clinical signs include tachycardia, hypotension, new aortic regurgitation murmur, or signs of end-organ hypoperfusion (such as reduced urine output, paraplegia, lower limb ischaemia, abdominal pain secondary to ischaemia, or deteriorating conscious level).

• #46 Aortic Dissections: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/aortic-aneurysm/aortic-dissections

  An aorta dissection is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of aortic dissection can occasionally be mistaken for another condition, delaying treatment. However, with early detection and prompt treatment, the outcome of aortic dissection can be positive. […] Symptoms associated with type A aortic dissection are severe, sharp pain that feels like tearing in the chest and back. Shortness of breath is also reported with type A. However, some people exhibit no symptoms. […] Symptoms connected with type B dissections are high blood pressure and severe, sharp pain in the back, chest, and abdomen. […] Acute aortic dissection causes sudden and severe pain in the chest, back, or both. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent the aorta from rupturing. […] Symptoms for chronic aortic dissections can go unnoticed for weeks. Shortness of breath, fainting, and sweating are common symptoms of chronic aortic dissection.

• #47 Aortic Dissections: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/aortic-aneurysm/aortic-dissections

  An aorta dissection is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of aortic dissection can occasionally be mistaken for another condition, delaying treatment. However, with early detection and prompt treatment, the outcome of aortic dissection can be positive. […] Symptoms associated with type A aortic dissection are severe, sharp pain that feels like tearing in the chest and back. Shortness of breath is also reported with type A. However, some people exhibit no symptoms. […] Symptoms connected with type B dissections are high blood pressure and severe, sharp pain in the back, chest, and abdomen. […] Acute aortic dissection causes sudden and severe pain in the chest, back, or both. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent the aorta from rupturing. […] Symptoms for chronic aortic dissections can go unnoticed for weeks. Shortness of breath, fainting, and sweating are common symptoms of chronic aortic dissection.

• #48 Aortic dissection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_dissection

  The risk of death due to aortic dissection is highest in the first few hours after the dissection begins, and decreases afterward. […] About 66% of all dissections present in the acute phase. Individuals who present two weeks after the onset of the dissection are said to have chronic aortic dissections. […] The risk of death is highest in the first two years after the acute event, and individuals should be followed closely during this time period.

• #49 Aortic Dissection Risks and 8 Critical Symptoms | Vejthani

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/

  An aortic dissection tends to cause symptoms which could be similar to those of a heart attack. Aortic dissection may manifest the following sign and symptoms: Sudden severe pain in the chest or upper back and spreads to the neck or the back, together with the feeling of tearing or ripping. […] Sudden severe abdominal pain […] Blacking out […] Panting […] Stroke-like conditions, such as eyes suddenly getting blurry, speech impairment, and one side of the body becoming weak or unable to move […] Different pulse levels in each arm or thigh […] Pain in the legs […] Unsteady walking. If you have any of these symptoms, seek emergency medical care immediately: Sudden or severe chest pain […] Shortness of breath […] Loss of consciousness […] Rapid heartbeat […] Weakness.

• #50 Types of Aortic Dissection | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/aortic-dissection/types

  People with type A aortic dissection often report shortness of breath and a sudden, severe, sharp pain that feels like a tearing in the chest and upper back. However, some people experience no symptoms. […] Symptoms may include high blood pressure and a severe, sharp back pain that can feel like it is extending into the chest or abdomen.

• #51 Aortic Dissection | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/aortic-dissection

  Symptoms of aortic dissection can vary based on the location of the dissection along the aorta. […] If you experience a type A dissection, you may: Have intense tearing chest pain that may radiate into the neck or to the back, Have stroke-like symptoms, Pass out. […] If you experience a type B dissection, you may: Have intense tearing chest pain that radiates to the back, Have pain in the abdomen, pelvis or lower extremities, including your legs and feet. […] The pain in the lower part of your body may be an indicator of poor blood flow downstream from the dissection. […] Treatment of aortic dissection is dependent on the location of the dissection. In most cases, a type A dissection will require surgery. Type B dissections may be managed with medication for the short term, but likely will initially require a stay in the intensive care unit. If blood pressure or pain can’t be controlled or if there are signs of decreased blood flow downstream from the dissection, a type B dissection will also require surgery. […] Regardless of the type of dissection you have, if you receive a diagnosis of aortic dissection, you will be admitted to the hospital and closely monitored in an intensive care unit. This is to ensure no other complications occur.

• #52 Aortic Dissections: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/aortic-aneurysm/aortic-dissections

  An aorta dissection is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms of aortic dissection can occasionally be mistaken for another condition, delaying treatment. However, with early detection and prompt treatment, the outcome of aortic dissection can be positive. […] Symptoms associated with type A aortic dissection are severe, sharp pain that feels like tearing in the chest and back. Shortness of breath is also reported with type A. However, some people exhibit no symptoms. […] Symptoms connected with type B dissections are high blood pressure and severe, sharp pain in the back, chest, and abdomen. […] Acute aortic dissection causes sudden and severe pain in the chest, back, or both. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent the aorta from rupturing. […] Symptoms for chronic aortic dissections can go unnoticed for weeks. Shortness of breath, fainting, and sweating are common symptoms of chronic aortic dissection.

• #53 Aortic Dissection | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/aortic-dissection

  Symptoms of aortic dissection can vary based on the location of the dissection along the aorta. […] If you experience a type A dissection, you may: Have intense tearing chest pain that may radiate into the neck or to the back, Have stroke-like symptoms, Pass out. […] If you experience a type B dissection, you may: Have intense tearing chest pain that radiates to the back, Have pain in the abdomen, pelvis or lower extremities, including your legs and feet. […] The pain in the lower part of your body may be an indicator of poor blood flow downstream from the dissection. […] Treatment of aortic dissection is dependent on the location of the dissection. In most cases, a type A dissection will require surgery. Type B dissections may be managed with medication for the short term, but likely will initially require a stay in the intensive care unit. If blood pressure or pain can’t be controlled or if there are signs of decreased blood flow downstream from the dissection, a type B dissection will also require surgery. […] Regardless of the type of dissection you have, if you receive a diagnosis of aortic dissection, you will be admitted to the hospital and closely monitored in an intensive care unit. This is to ensure no other complications occur.

• #54 Aortic Dissection – Classification – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/arterial/aortic-dissection/

  An aortic dissection is a tear in the intimal layer of the aortic wall, causing blood to flow between and splitting apart the tunica intima and media. […] Aortic dissections from the initial intimal tear can progress distally, proximally, or in both directions from the point of origin. Anterograde dissections propagate towards the iliac arteries and retrograde dissections propagate towards the aortic valve. […] They can be defined as acute (when diagnosed within 14 days) or chronic (when diagnosed after 14 days). […] The characteristic presentation of an acute aortic syndrome is of a tearing chest pain, classically radiating through to the back, yet the diagnosis is often challenging and may be a more subtle presentation. […] The most common clinical signs include tachycardia, hypotension, new aortic regurgitation murmur, or signs of end-organ hypoperfusion (such as reduced urine output, paraplegia, lower limb ischaemia, abdominal pain secondary to ischaemia, or deteriorating conscious level).

• #55 A fatal separation: Aortic dissection signs and symptoms

  https://www.ems1.com/cardiac-care/articles/a-fatal-separation-aortic-dissection-signs-and-symptoms-OCdbBCzdzX44xvIM/

  Presenting signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection are varied. […] If a dissection blocks flow to one or more of these branch arteries, the patient may present with signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarct or cardiac tamponade or a stroke or decreased circulation to one or both upper extremities or even a combination of any of these presentations. […] Patients experiencing dissection pain more often describe it as a sharp pain with a sudden onset, and less frequently as the classically taught tearing or ripping pain. […] Older age and hypertension increase the risk for a dissection. […] Younger folks at risk for a tear in the intima include those with a connective tissue disease, such as Marfans Syndrome, or an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels (arteritis). […] At any age, a previous history of surgery involving the heart or aorta increases the risk of a dissection.

• #56 A fatal separation: Aortic dissection signs and symptoms

  https://www.ems1.com/cardiac-care/articles/a-fatal-separation-aortic-dissection-signs-and-symptoms-OCdbBCzdzX44xvIM/

  Presenting signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection are varied. […] If a dissection blocks flow to one or more of these branch arteries, the patient may present with signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarct or cardiac tamponade or a stroke or decreased circulation to one or both upper extremities or even a combination of any of these presentations. […] Patients experiencing dissection pain more often describe it as a sharp pain with a sudden onset, and less frequently as the classically taught tearing or ripping pain. […] Older age and hypertension increase the risk for a dissection. […] Younger folks at risk for a tear in the intima include those with a connective tissue disease, such as Marfans Syndrome, or an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels (arteritis). […] At any age, a previous history of surgery involving the heart or aorta increases the risk of a dissection.

• #57 A fatal separation: Aortic dissection signs and symptoms

  https://www.ems1.com/cardiac-care/articles/a-fatal-separation-aortic-dissection-signs-and-symptoms-OCdbBCzdzX44xvIM/

  Presenting signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection are varied. […] If a dissection blocks flow to one or more of these branch arteries, the patient may present with signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarct or cardiac tamponade or a stroke or decreased circulation to one or both upper extremities or even a combination of any of these presentations. […] Patients experiencing dissection pain more often describe it as a sharp pain with a sudden onset, and less frequently as the classically taught tearing or ripping pain. […] Older age and hypertension increase the risk for a dissection. […] Younger folks at risk for a tear in the intima include those with a connective tissue disease, such as Marfans Syndrome, or an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels (arteritis). […] At any age, a previous history of surgery involving the heart or aorta increases the risk of a dissection.

• #58 Aortic Dissection – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Most people who have an aortic dissection experience pain typically sudden, excruciating pain, often described as tearing or ripping. Some people may faint as a result of the pain. Most commonly, the pain is felt across the chest but is often also felt in the back between the shoulder blades. The pain frequently travels along the path of the dissection as it advances along the aorta. Thus, people may have abdominal pain or lower back pain if the mesenteric arteries, which supply the intestine, are blocked. […] Death can occur a few hours after an aortic dissection begins. Therefore, as soon as possible, medications are given intravenously to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure to the lowest level that can maintain a sufficient blood supply to the brain, heart, and kidneys. The lower heart rate and blood pressure help limit the spread of the dissection. […] Without treatment, the death rate is high within the first 2 weeks and varies depending on the location of the dissection. With treatment, a majority of people survive to leave the hospital.

• #59 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #60 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #61 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #62 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #63 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #64 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #65 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #66 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection happens because there’s a slow breakdown of the cells in the walls of your aorta. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: Stroke. Aortic valve damage. Heart attack. Heart failure. Damage to internal organs, like your kidneys. Cardiac tamponade, a fluid buildup between your heart muscle and the sac around your heart (pericardium). Death. […] Aortic dissection treatment depends on the location of the tear and dissection. […] A provider may prescribe medications like beta-blockers to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. […] Aortic dissection can be a life-threatening event. People who have acute aortic dissection (sudden onset, Type A) have a high death rate. About 40% of people with Type A aortic dissection die immediately from complete rupture and bleeding out from their aorta.

• #67 Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Causes. Heart Conditions – Heart Foundation NZ

  https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/your-heart/heart-conditions/aortic-dissection

  Symptoms can closely resemble those of other heart conditions such as a heart attack, making it difficult to diagnose. These symptoms may include: […] Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, sometimes described as a tearing or ripping feeling […] Severe abdominal pain […] Loss of consciousness […] Breathlessness […] Fainting or dizziness […] Trouble talking or a croaky voice […] Loss of vision […] Weakness or paralysis on one side of your body (sometimes similar to stroke) […] Weak pulse in one arm compared to the other […] Leg pain or paralysis. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: […] Stroke […] Damage to internal organs such as kidney failure […] Aortic valve damage […] Cardiac tamponade (when fluid builds up in the sac around the heart putting pressure on the heart itself) […] Sudden death. […] The likelihood of these complications occurring depend on the type of tear, its severity and access to treatment. […] For people who survive the initial episode, the long-term prognosis after an aortic dissection is good. Many people survive years and decades after the event.

• #68 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  Women who experience acute aortic dissection – a spontaneous and catastrophic tear in one of the body’s main arteries – not only are older and have more advanced disease than men when they seek medical care, but they also are more likely to die, according to research published online today in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. […] Data over the course of the last few decades demonstrate differences in both presentation and outcomes between males and females who have acute aortic dissection, with greater mortality among females. […] Although less frequently affected by TAAD, female patients were significantly older than male patients (65.4 years versus 58.6 years on average) and had different presenting symptoms, like hypotension (low blood pressure) and greater evidence of malperfusion (loss of blood supply to a vital organ), with a higher prevalence of shock (31.3% versus 22.2%) and coma/altered consciousness (11.5% versus 7.5%).

• #69 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  Women who experience acute aortic dissection – a spontaneous and catastrophic tear in one of the body’s main arteries – not only are older and have more advanced disease than men when they seek medical care, but they also are more likely to die, according to research published online today in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. […] Data over the course of the last few decades demonstrate differences in both presentation and outcomes between males and females who have acute aortic dissection, with greater mortality among females. […] Although less frequently affected by TAAD, female patients were significantly older than male patients (65.4 years versus 58.6 years on average) and had different presenting symptoms, like hypotension (low blood pressure) and greater evidence of malperfusion (loss of blood supply to a vital organ), with a higher prevalence of shock (31.3% versus 22.2%) and coma/altered consciousness (11.5% versus 7.5%).

• #70 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  Women who experience acute aortic dissection – a spontaneous and catastrophic tear in one of the body’s main arteries – not only are older and have more advanced disease than men when they seek medical care, but they also are more likely to die, according to research published online today in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. […] Data over the course of the last few decades demonstrate differences in both presentation and outcomes between males and females who have acute aortic dissection, with greater mortality among females. […] Although less frequently affected by TAAD, female patients were significantly older than male patients (65.4 years versus 58.6 years on average) and had different presenting symptoms, like hypotension (low blood pressure) and greater evidence of malperfusion (loss of blood supply to a vital organ), with a higher prevalence of shock (31.3% versus 22.2%) and coma/altered consciousness (11.5% versus 7.5%).

• #71 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  Women who experience acute aortic dissection – a spontaneous and catastrophic tear in one of the body’s main arteries – not only are older and have more advanced disease than men when they seek medical care, but they also are more likely to die, according to research published online today in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. […] Data over the course of the last few decades demonstrate differences in both presentation and outcomes between males and females who have acute aortic dissection, with greater mortality among females. […] Although less frequently affected by TAAD, female patients were significantly older than male patients (65.4 years versus 58.6 years on average) and had different presenting symptoms, like hypotension (low blood pressure) and greater evidence of malperfusion (loss of blood supply to a vital organ), with a higher prevalence of shock (31.3% versus 22.2%) and coma/altered consciousness (11.5% versus 7.5%).

• #72 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  „All of this results in worse early outcomes after aortic dissection for women compared to men. It has been known for a long time that outcomes after aortic dissection are dependent on time to treatment: The faster a person is treated the better.” […] The researchers also found differences in imaging: Female patients were more likely to experience intramural hematoma, which is blood leaking through the innermost layer of the aortic wall and flowing between the inner and outer walls (19.4% versus 13.2%), and complete (17.2% versus 10.2%) or partial (24.8% versus 19.4%) false lumen thrombosis. […] Overall, female patients had increased mortality, although in the last few years, mortality between the sexes was comparable, which suggests recent improvements in care.

• #73 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  Women who experience acute aortic dissection – a spontaneous and catastrophic tear in one of the body’s main arteries – not only are older and have more advanced disease than men when they seek medical care, but they also are more likely to die, according to research published online today in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. […] Data over the course of the last few decades demonstrate differences in both presentation and outcomes between males and females who have acute aortic dissection, with greater mortality among females. […] Although less frequently affected by TAAD, female patients were significantly older than male patients (65.4 years versus 58.6 years on average) and had different presenting symptoms, like hypotension (low blood pressure) and greater evidence of malperfusion (loss of blood supply to a vital organ), with a higher prevalence of shock (31.3% versus 22.2%) and coma/altered consciousness (11.5% versus 7.5%).

• #74

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/aortic-dissection/

  The main symptom is sudden severe tearing pain in your chest or in your upper back. You can also have pain in your tummy. The symptoms can be mistaken for a heart attack, acute gastritis or lung pain. It can also cause pain in the legs but this is rare. […] Aortic dissection is often fatal. But early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve survival. […] Early diagnosis and treatment may help save your life. An aortic dissection must be detected and treated quickly if you are to have the best chance of survival. […] Type A aortic dissection is a very serious and urgent event. Around half of people will die within 1 hour if they do not get to hospital.

• #75 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #76 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #77 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #78 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #79

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/aortic-dissection/

  The main symptom is sudden severe tearing pain in your chest or in your upper back. You can also have pain in your tummy. The symptoms can be mistaken for a heart attack, acute gastritis or lung pain. It can also cause pain in the legs but this is rare. […] Aortic dissection is often fatal. But early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve survival. […] Early diagnosis and treatment may help save your life. An aortic dissection must be detected and treated quickly if you are to have the best chance of survival. […] Type A aortic dissection is a very serious and urgent event. Around half of people will die within 1 hour if they do not get to hospital.

• #80 Clinical features and diagnosis of acute aortic dissection – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-acute-aortic-dissection

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon and often presents acutely as a catastrophic illness with severe tearing chest or back pain and acute hemodynamic compromise. […] The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute aortic dissection will be reviewed here. […] Death from aortic dissection can be related to rupture of a proximal dissection into the pericardium precipitating cardiac tamponade or bleeding into the pleural space, dissection into the aortic valvular annulus leading to severe aortic regurgitation, obstruction of the coronary artery ostia leading to myocardial infarction, or end-organ failure due to abdominal aortic branch vessel obstruction. […] Mortality related to aortic dissection is high; however, advances in surgical and endovascular techniques have lowered mortality rates overall for those who are diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion.

• #81 Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Causes. Heart Conditions – Heart Foundation NZ

  https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/your-heart/heart-conditions/aortic-dissection

  Symptoms can closely resemble those of other heart conditions such as a heart attack, making it difficult to diagnose. These symptoms may include: […] Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, sometimes described as a tearing or ripping feeling […] Severe abdominal pain […] Loss of consciousness […] Breathlessness […] Fainting or dizziness […] Trouble talking or a croaky voice […] Loss of vision […] Weakness or paralysis on one side of your body (sometimes similar to stroke) […] Weak pulse in one arm compared to the other […] Leg pain or paralysis. […] Aortic dissection can lead to: […] Stroke […] Damage to internal organs such as kidney failure […] Aortic valve damage […] Cardiac tamponade (when fluid builds up in the sac around the heart putting pressure on the heart itself) […] Sudden death. […] The likelihood of these complications occurring depend on the type of tear, its severity and access to treatment. […] For people who survive the initial episode, the long-term prognosis after an aortic dissection is good. Many people survive years and decades after the event.

• #82 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  With modern advances in care, the prognosis (outlook) in the chronic phase is improving. But life expectancy after aortic dissection is shorter compared to the general population. Still, with early treatment and management by a trained aortic team, people can live normal lives for many, many years after an aortic dissection.

• #83 Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/aortic-dissection/343

  Aortic dissection is life threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than one half of people with a ruptured aorta survive. Those who survive will need lifelong, aggressive treatment of high blood pressure. They will need to be followed up with CT scans every few months to monitor the aorta.

• #84 Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/aortic-dissection/343

  Aortic dissection is life threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than one half of people with a ruptured aorta survive. Those who survive will need lifelong, aggressive treatment of high blood pressure. They will need to be followed up with CT scans every few months to monitor the aorta.

• #85 Aortic dissection – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/aortic-dissection/

  Severe abdominal pain if the intestines or kidneys are no longer properly supplied with blood […] Shock symptoms in the event of a rupture near the heart, unconsciousness […] Signs of a stroke: neurological deficits such as paralysis, speech and vision problems […] Symptoms of a heart attack […] Symptoms of acute kidney failure […] Paraplegia. […] Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. Aortic dissection type A is particularly dangerous and is also the most common case. This is where the risk of a stroke, heart attack or aortic rupture is highest. However, thanks to faster diagnosis and surgery, more affected people survive today than a few years ago. […] After the acute phase, which is usually over after 14 days, it is referred to as a chronic aortic dissection. At this stage, the vessel wall becomes increasingly stable. However, if risk factors such as smoking persist, high blood pressure is not properly controlled or the person concerned has genetic causes, the aorta can dilate over the years. An aneurysm forms. This usually affects the entire aorta (thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms). There is a renewed risk of aortic rupture. The earlier a growth of the aorta is recognized, the better. Regular follow-up checks (once a year) are therefore essential.

• #86 Aortic dissection symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/conditions-and-services/heart-and-vascular/aortic-dissection-symptoms-diagnosis-and

  Type A dissection requires immediate, complex surgery to remove and replace the part of the blood vessel that is torn, as the most life-threatening part is closest to the heart. […] Type B dissection may need surgery urgently if the tear cuts off the blood flow to vital organs. However, other organs are more commonly not involved, so this type is usually managed conservatively initially. […] In the long term, many patients’ aorta changes over time; in particular, it may become enlarged aneurysmal. A third of patients require surgery in the long term due to these changes. Some patients may benefit from pre-emptive early surgery in cases where the dissection has concerning features for future enlargement. Therefore, patients must be followed long term with regular CT scans, especially in the first five years after the dissection.

• #87 Aortic Dissection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16743-aortic-dissection

  With modern advances in care, the prognosis (outlook) in the chronic phase is improving. But life expectancy after aortic dissection is shorter compared to the general population. Still, with early treatment and management by a trained aortic team, people can live normal lives for many, many years after an aortic dissection.

• #88 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/Women-who-experience-acute-aortic-dissection-are-more-likely-to-die-than-men-shows-study.aspx

  „All of this results in worse early outcomes after aortic dissection for women compared to men. It has been known for a long time that outcomes after aortic dissection are dependent on time to treatment: The faster a person is treated the better.” […] The researchers also found differences in imaging: Female patients were more likely to experience intramural hematoma, which is blood leaking through the innermost layer of the aortic wall and flowing between the inner and outer walls (19.4% versus 13.2%), and complete (17.2% versus 10.2%) or partial (24.8% versus 19.4%) false lumen thrombosis. […] Overall, female patients had increased mortality, although in the last few years, mortality between the sexes was comparable, which suggests recent improvements in care.

• #89 Aortic Dissection – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/aortic-dissection

  Approximately 20 to 30% of patients have partial or complete deficits of major arterial pulses, which may wax and wane. Limb blood pressures may differ, sometimes by 30 mm Hg; this finding suggests a poor prognosis. […] A murmur of aortic regurgitation is often heard in patients with proximal dissection. Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation may be present. Rarely, heart failure results from severe acute aortic regurgitation. […] About 20% of patients with aortic dissection die before reaching the hospital. Without treatment, mortality rate is approximately 1 to 2% per hour after symptom onset. Without surgery, mortality is 50% at 1 month. […] Hospital mortality rate for treated patients is about 20% for type A dissection and 10% for type B dissection.

• #90 Dissection of the Aorta: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/aortic-dissection

  The outlook for people with dissection of the aorta depends on different factors, including their age, health history, and the severity of the dissection. […] In some cases, your organs may not receive enough blood flow due to the dissection. This can be restored with surgery. But when organs go for too long without enough oxygen, they can experience irreversible damage that can lead to long-term side effects. […] In other cases, aortic dissection can be fatal without prompt treatment.

• #91 Dissection of the Aorta: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/aortic-dissection

  The outlook for people with dissection of the aorta depends on different factors, including their age, health history, and the severity of the dissection. […] In some cases, your organs may not receive enough blood flow due to the dissection. This can be restored with surgery. But when organs go for too long without enough oxygen, they can experience irreversible damage that can lead to long-term side effects. […] In other cases, aortic dissection can be fatal without prompt treatment.

• #92 Aortic dissection – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/aortic-dissection/

  Severe abdominal pain if the intestines or kidneys are no longer properly supplied with blood […] Shock symptoms in the event of a rupture near the heart, unconsciousness […] Signs of a stroke: neurological deficits such as paralysis, speech and vision problems […] Symptoms of a heart attack […] Symptoms of acute kidney failure […] Paraplegia. […] Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. Aortic dissection type A is particularly dangerous and is also the most common case. This is where the risk of a stroke, heart attack or aortic rupture is highest. However, thanks to faster diagnosis and surgery, more affected people survive today than a few years ago. […] After the acute phase, which is usually over after 14 days, it is referred to as a chronic aortic dissection. At this stage, the vessel wall becomes increasingly stable. However, if risk factors such as smoking persist, high blood pressure is not properly controlled or the person concerned has genetic causes, the aorta can dilate over the years. An aneurysm forms. This usually affects the entire aorta (thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms). There is a renewed risk of aortic rupture. The earlier a growth of the aorta is recognized, the better. Regular follow-up checks (once a year) are therefore essential.

• #93 Aortic Dissections, Causes & Types | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/cardiovascular/programs/aortic-disease/aortic-dissections

  Aortic dissections can cause several symptoms: […] See a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms. Seek emergency medical care if you experience any warning signs of a severe problem: […] An acute dissection causes sudden back or chest pain. It requires emergency medical attention. […] You need to control your blood pressure to prevent the dissection from growing. The dissection can weaken the wall of your aorta. This weakened wall can grow and may develop into an aneurysm, which could rupture (leak).

• #94 Aortic dissection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000226

  Aortic dissection typically presents with abrupt onset chest, back, or abdominal pain that is severe in intensity or is described as 'sharp’ or 'stabbing’, particularly in the patient with a high risk condition (such as Marfan syndrome) or a family history of aortic disease. […] Other features include syncope, heart/renal failure, and mesenteric or limb ischaemia; institute oxygen/advanced life support protocol and haemodynamic support without delay if you suspect dissection. […] Lifelong surveillance is needed with regular imaging to detect complications which may later require surgery.

• #95 Aortic dissection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000226

  Aortic dissection typically presents with abrupt onset chest, back, or abdominal pain that is severe in intensity or is described as 'sharp’ or 'stabbing’, particularly in the patient with a high risk condition (such as Marfan syndrome) or a family history of aortic disease. […] Other features include syncope, heart/renal failure, and mesenteric or limb ischaemia; institute oxygen/advanced life support protocol and haemodynamic support without delay if you suspect dissection. […] Lifelong surveillance is needed with regular imaging to detect complications which may later require surgery.

• #96 Aortic dissection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369499

  Detecting an aortic dissection can be a challenge because the symptoms are similar to those of many other health problems. Your doctor may think you have an aortic dissection if you have: […] Sudden tearing or ripping chest pain […] Blood pressure difference between the right and left arms […] Widening of the aorta on chest X-ray. […] An aortic dissection is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Treatment may include surgery or medications, depending on the area of the aorta involved. […] Medications are given to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, which can prevent the aortic dissection from worsening. They may be given to people with type A aortic dissection to control blood pressure before surgery. […] After treatment, you may need to take medication to control your blood pressure for the rest of your life. You may need regular CT scans or MRI scans to monitor your condition.

• #97 Aortic dissection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369499

  Detecting an aortic dissection can be a challenge because the symptoms are similar to those of many other health problems. Your doctor may think you have an aortic dissection if you have: […] Sudden tearing or ripping chest pain […] Blood pressure difference between the right and left arms […] Widening of the aorta on chest X-ray. […] An aortic dissection is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Treatment may include surgery or medications, depending on the area of the aorta involved. […] Medications are given to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, which can prevent the aortic dissection from worsening. They may be given to people with type A aortic dissection to control blood pressure before surgery. […] After treatment, you may need to take medication to control your blood pressure for the rest of your life. You may need regular CT scans or MRI scans to monitor your condition.

• #98 Aortic Dissection – Classification – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/arterial/aortic-dissection/

  Type A dissections should be managed surgically in the first instance under the care of a cardiothoracic surgery. […] Type B dissections can go on to be chronic, with continued leakage into the dissection, even if a stent has been placed. The most common complication of chronic disease is the formation of an aneurysm.

• #99 Aortic Dissection – Classification – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/arterial/aortic-dissection/

  Type A dissections should be managed surgically in the first instance under the care of a cardiothoracic surgery. […] Type B dissections can go on to be chronic, with continued leakage into the dissection, even if a stent has been placed. The most common complication of chronic disease is the formation of an aneurysm.

• #100 Aortic dissection – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/aortic-dissection/

  Severe abdominal pain if the intestines or kidneys are no longer properly supplied with blood […] Shock symptoms in the event of a rupture near the heart, unconsciousness […] Signs of a stroke: neurological deficits such as paralysis, speech and vision problems […] Symptoms of a heart attack […] Symptoms of acute kidney failure […] Paraplegia. […] Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. Aortic dissection type A is particularly dangerous and is also the most common case. This is where the risk of a stroke, heart attack or aortic rupture is highest. However, thanks to faster diagnosis and surgery, more affected people survive today than a few years ago. […] After the acute phase, which is usually over after 14 days, it is referred to as a chronic aortic dissection. At this stage, the vessel wall becomes increasingly stable. However, if risk factors such as smoking persist, high blood pressure is not properly controlled or the person concerned has genetic causes, the aorta can dilate over the years. An aneurysm forms. This usually affects the entire aorta (thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms). There is a renewed risk of aortic rupture. The earlier a growth of the aorta is recognized, the better. Regular follow-up checks (once a year) are therefore essential.

• #101 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #102 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #103 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #104 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #105 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #106 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #107 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #108 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #109 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #110 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #111 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  Aortic dissection is relatively uncommon. It usually occurs in men in their 60s and 70s. Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

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