Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Skin Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441949/

  Skin cancer encompasses a broad range of benign and malignant neoplasms that are common worldwide and more prevalent than many other cancer types. […] UV radiation is a primary etiologic factor for most subtypes of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. […] Skin cancer has multiple etiologic factors, with UV radiation-induced DNA damage and oncogenesis being the most prominent. […] The etiology of skin cancer varies depending on the type of cancer. UV radiation is a major etiologic factor for most nonmelanoma skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, as well as melanoma. […] Along with chemical carcinogens and wound-related changes, UV radiation is believed to damage DNA, which results in mutations in tumor suppressor genes (eg, p53) and genomic instability.

• #1 Melanoma skin cancer – Causes – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes/

  Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most common cause of melanoma. It comes from the sun and is used in sunbeds. […] You’re also more likely to get melanoma if you have: pale skin that burns easily in the sun, red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes, a large number of freckles or moles, had a lot of sun exposure and you’ve had sunburn a lot in the past, used sunbeds a lot, a history of skin cancer in your family or you’ve had skin cancer before. […] Staying safe in the sun is the best way to lower your chance of getting skin cancer (both melanoma and non-melanoma).

• #1 What Is Skin Cancer? Causes, Pictures, Types, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer occurs when mutations develop in the DNA of your skin cells. These mutations cause skin cells to grow uncontrollably and form a mass of cancer cells. […] Many of the causes of skin cancer are unclear. Most moles dont turn into melanomas, and researchers arent sure why some do. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says exposure to UV light is a significant risk factor for many types of skin cancer. Sources of UV light exposure include: the sun, tanning beds, sun lamps. […] UV rays damage your skin cells. When the damage causes an overgrowth of cells, skin cancer develops. […] As mentioned before, moles dont always indicate skin cancer. However, they are more likely to develop into melanoma when you have many of them. […] People with lighter skin are at greater risk of skin cancer, especially those with: naturally red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes, light skin that tends to burn or freckle easily in the sun.

• #1 What Causes Skin Cancer?

  https://healthmatch.io/skin-cancer/what-causes-skin-cancer

  Cancer is caused by mutations within our genes that lead to the uncontrolled growth of cells. Skin cancer can be the result of external causes that create mutations, or less commonly, inheriting faulty genes. […] A significant risk factor for the development of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Most non-melanoma skin cancers and most melanomas are associated with strong exposure to the sun’s UV radiation. […] UV damage from sun exposure is cumulative and can increase your skin cancer risk over time. […] Two types of UV light have been proven to contribute to the risk for skin cancer. Ultraviolet A (UVA) has a longer wavelength and is associated with skin aging and wrinkles. Ultraviolet B (UVB) has a slightly shorter wavelength than UVA and is associated with skin burning.

• #1 Risks and causes | Skin cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes

  Most non melanoma skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. This may be long term exposure, or short periods of intense sun exposure and burning. […] Most skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. This may be long term exposure, or short periods of intense sun exposure and burning. The ultraviolet light in sunlight damages the DNA in the skin cells. This damage can happen years before a cancer develops. […] A history of sunburn increases your risk of skin cancer. The risk is especially high if you were sunburnt several times during your childhood. […] Skin cancer is more common in people with white skin. This is because they have less of the protective pigment called melanin. People with black skin are less likely to get skin cancer but can still get it. […] Sunbeds produce ultraviolet light which damages the skin. Research has shown that using a sunbed causes melanoma. There is now evidence to say that sunbeds might increase the risk of non melanoma skin cancer.

• #1 Skin Cancer Information

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/

  Skin cancer is the out-of-control growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis, the outermost skin layer, caused by unrepaired DNA damage that triggers mutations. […] The two main causes of skin cancer are the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and using UV tanning beds. […] Most BCCs are caused by the combination of intermittent, intense exposure and cumulative, long-term exposure to UV radiation from the sun. […] Cumulative, long-term exposure to UV radiation from the sun and tanning beds causes most SCCs. […] Melanoma is often triggered by the kind of intense, intermittent sun exposure that leads to sunburn. Tanning bed use also increases risk for melanoma. […] Usually associated with a virus called the Merkel cell polyomavirus, MCCs most often arise on sun-exposed areas in fair-skinned individuals over age 50.

• #1 Risk factors for melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/melanoma-skin/risks

  Being in contact with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most important risk factor for developing skin cancer. The sun is the main source of UVR. Indoor tanning equipment, such as tanning beds and sun lamps, is also a source of UVR. […] Most cases of melanoma skin cancer are caused by contact with UVR from the sun. It could be from being in the sun on and off during your lifetime or being in the sun early in your life. People who have had at least one blistering sunburn as a child or teenager have a higher risk of developing melanoma later in life. The more sunburns you have had, the greater the risk of melanoma. […] You have a higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer if you have many moles. […] Having atypical moles increases your risk of developing melanoma skin cancer. This risk increases with the more atypical moles you have.

• #1

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a19694832/skin-cancer-causes/

  Just one blistering burn can double your risk of developing melanoma later in life, according to the Melanoma Research Foundation. […] And getting a severe burn on your torso may be especially likely to lead to melanoma down the road, according to research from the American Journal of Epidemiology. […] Melanin provides some protection from the suns damaging UV rays, so if you’re naturally pale, then you’re more likely to burn and are therefore much more likely to develop skin cancer than a person with darker skin. […] The same genetic mutation responsible for red hair also increases melanoma risk, according to a 2013 study done at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. […] If you reside in the mile-high city of Denver, you’re more likely to develop melanoma than someone who lives closer to sea level.

• #1 Causes of skin cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/causes-of-skin-cancer

  Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. The majority of skin cancers in Australia are caused by exposure to UV radiation in sunlight. […] Exposure to UV radiation causes 95% of melanomas, the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Sun exposure that doesn’t result in burning can still cause damage to skin cells and increase your risk of developing skin cancer. Evidence suggests that regular exposure to UV radiation year after year can also lead to skin cancer. […] Tanning is a sign that you have been exposed to enough UV radiation (from the sun or solarium) to damage your skin. […] Worst of all, it increases your risk of skin cancer. […] Solariums emit UVA and UVB radiation, both known causes of cancer.

• #1 Skin cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_cancer

  Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun or tanning beds. […] The primary cause of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning devices. […] More than 90% of cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. […] This exposure increases the risk of all three main types of skin cancer. […] Tanning beds are another common source of ultraviolet radiation. […] People with lighter skin are at higher risk as are those with poor immune function such as from medications or HIV/AIDS. […] Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the primary environmental cause of skin cancer. […] Other risk factors that play a role include: Light skin color, Age, Smoking tobacco, HPV infections increase the risk of squamous-cell skin cancer, Some genetic syndromes including congenital melanocytic nevi syndrome, Chronic non-healing wounds, Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, environmental carcinogens, and artificial UV radiation (e.g. tanning beds).

• #1 What Are the Causes of Skin Cancer? Common Risk Factors, Genetics, and More

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-cancer/causes-of-skin-cancer-common-risk-factors-genetics-and-more/

  Tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps give off harmful UV light and are just as dangerous as the sun. […] Women who use indoor tanning equipment before they turn 30 years old are 6 times more likely to develop melanoma. […] A gene called TP53 is commonly altered in squamous cell carcinomas, while the PTCH1 or PTCH2 genes are often mutated in basal cell carcinomas. […] People with the inherited condition xeroderma pigmentosum also have a high risk for skin cancer. […] Melanomas seem to have more of a hereditary link than basal or squamous cell skin cancers. […] Scientists are still learning about how different inherited genes raise the risk for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Skin cancer is more likely to affect people with lighter skin because they have less pigment to protect them from the suns harmful rays. But dark-skinned individuals can also develop skin cancer. […] When skin cancers do occur in Black Americans or other People of Color, theyre usually diagnosed at a later stage because theres a lack of awareness about risk in the general population, and even physicians may be slow to suspect skin cancer because its less common in these populations.

• #1 Causes of Skin Cancer | Habits & Behaviors Putting You at Risk

  https://www.schweigerderm.com/skin-care-articles/skin-cancer/skin-cancer-causing-habits/

  You’d never intentionally do anything that could cause skin cancer, right? […] Unfortunately, there’s a strong link between indoor tanning and skin cancer due to the damaging UV rays inherent in tanning beds. […] Even if you only visit a tanning bed once in your life, you’re still increasing your risk of melanoma by about 20%, and you’re increasing your risk of squamous cell carcinoma (another type of skin cancer) by 67%. […] A habit of smoking can increase your risk of developing squamous cell cancer by 52%. […] Both indoor and outdoor tanning expose your body to harmful UV rays, which damage the skin and increase your risk of developing skin cancer later in life. […] Even one severe sunburn can lead to skin cancer later on, which is why you can never be too careful when soaking up sun. […] Australia actually has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world, because the sun’s UV rays are so strong in the land down under. […] For many people, skin cancer is highly preventable.

• #1 Skin cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_cancer

  It is believed that tanning beds are the cause of hundreds of thousands of basal and squamous-cell skin cancer. […] The World Health Organization now places people who use artificial tanning beds in its highest risk category for skin cancer. […] The use of many immunosuppressive medications increases the risk of skin cancer. […] Deliberate exposure of sensitive skin not normally exposed to sunlight during alternative wellness behaviors such as perineum sunning.

• #1 Skin Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441949/

  Multiple risk factors may synergistically interact with etiologic factors to accelerate skin cancer development, including age, sex, radiation exposure, environmental carcinogens, immune suppression, comorbid conditions, organ transplant history, family history, certain infections (eg, human papillomavirus), tanning bed use, vitamin levels, and occupational exposure. […] Environmental carcinogens, such as arsenic and pollution, can accelerate DNA damage, increasing the risk of skin cancer. […] Genetic predispositions also contribute to malignancies, as seen in conditions such as xeroderma pigmentosum, neurofibromatosis, and retinoblastoma. […] Although UV radiation is a significant factor in skin cancer development and progression, various other risk factors can accelerate this process on a case-by-case basis.

• #1 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Causes | What Causes Skin Cancer? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  There are many known risk factors for basal and squamous cell skin cancers, but its not always clear exactly how these factors might cause cancer. […] Most basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are caused by repeated and unprotected skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, as well as from man-made sources such as tanning beds. UV rays can damage the DNA inside skin cells and cause changes in genes. […] Researchers dont yet know all of the DNA changes that result in basal or squamous cell skin cancer, but they have found that in many skin cancers the cells have changes in tumor suppressor genes or DNA repair genes. […] The gene most often changed in squamous cell cancers is the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. This gene normally causes cells with damaged DNA to die. When TP53 is altered, these abnormal cells may live longer and might go on to become cancerous.

• #1 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Causes | What Causes Skin Cancer? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  Genes often mutated in basal cell cancers include the PTCH1 or PTCH2 genes, which are part of the hedgehog signaling pathway inside cells. These are tumor suppressor genes that normally help keep cell growth in check, so changes in one of these genes can allow cells to grow out of control. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) have a high risk for skin cancer. XP is a rare, inherited condition resulting from a change in one of the XP (ERCC) genes, which leads to a defect in one of the proteins that normally helps repair DNA damage. Because people with XP are less able to repair DNA damage caused by sunlight, they often develop many cancers on sun-exposed areas of their skin. […] The link between squamous cell skin cancer and infection with some types of HPV (human papillomavirus) also involves DNA and genes. These viruses have genes that affect growth-regulating proteins of infected skin cells. This can cause skin cells to grow too much and to not die when theyre supposed to.

• #1 What Causes Melanoma? | Causes of Melanoma Skin Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  Less often, people inherit gene changes from a parent that clearly raise their risk of melanoma. […] Familial (inherited) melanomas most often have changes in tumor suppressor genes, such as CDKN2A (also known as p16), CDK4, or BAP1, that prevent these genes from doing their normal job of controlling cell growth. This could eventually lead to cancer. […] Some people, such as those with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), inherit a change in one of the XP (ERCC) genes, which normally help to repair damaged DNA inside the cell. Changes in one of these genes can lead to skin cells that have trouble repairing DNA damaged by UV rays, so these people are more likely to develop melanoma, especially on sun-exposed parts of the body.

• #1 Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq

  Pathogenic variants in CDKN2A account for 35% to 40% of familial melanomas. […] The frequency of CDKN2A pathogenic variants is as high as 22% in families with two cases of melanoma who have other features of hereditary melanoma, such as an age at diagnosis younger than 50 years or one or more individuals diagnosed with MPM. […] The melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome is another phenotype caused by pathogenic variants in CDKN2A. […] Pathogenic variants in the BAP1 gene are associated with an increased risk of a variety of cancers, including cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma.

• #1 Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq

  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a hereditary disorder of nucleotide excision repair that results in cutaneous malignancies in the first decade of life. Affected individuals have an increased sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in a markedly increased risk of SCCs, BCCs, and melanomas. […] Individuals with a family history of melanoma showed a 22% increased risk of SCC. […] A previous melanoma places one at high risk of developing additional primary melanomas, particularly for people with the most common risk factors for melanoma, such as cutaneous phenotype, family history, a pathogenic variant in CDKN2A, a great deal of early-life sun exposure, and numerous or atypical nevi. […] The major gene associated with melanoma is CDKN2A/p16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, which is located on chromosome 9p21.

• #1 Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq

  More than 100 types of tumors are clinically apparent on the skin. Many are known to have familial and/or inherited components, either in isolation or as part of a syndrome with other features. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two of the most common malignancies in the United States and are often caused by sun exposure, although several hereditary syndromes and genes are also associated with an increased risk of developing these cancers. Melanoma (which is sometimes referred to as cutaneous melanoma) is a less common type of skin cancer, but 5% to 10% of all melanomas arise in multiple-case families and can be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Melanoma is the most lethal of the common skin cancers. […] Several genes and hereditary syndromes are associated with the development of skin cancer: Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS, caused by pathogenic variants in PTCH1 and PTCH2) is associated with increased BCC risk. Syndromes such as oculocutaneous albinism, epidermolysis bullosa, and Fanconi anemia are associated with increased SCC risk. CDKN2A is a major germline tumor suppressor gene that is associated with increased melanoma risk. Pathogenic variants in CDKN2A may account for 35% to 40% of all familial melanomas. Germline pathogenic variants in several other genes (i.e., CDK4, MITF, and BAP1) are also associated with increased melanoma risk.

• #1 Risk factors for melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/melanoma-skin/risks

  The larger the congenital melanocytic nevus, the greater the risk of developing melanoma skin cancer. […] People with FAMMM syndrome have a very high risk of developing melanoma skin cancer. […] The following hereditary conditions can also increase the risk of developing melanoma skin cancer. […] People with fair or light-coloured skin have a higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer than people with other skin types. […] People who have already had melanoma skin cancer have a higher risk of developing another primary melanoma. […] Your risk of developing melanoma increases if one or more of your first-degree relatives has been diagnosed with melanoma. […] About 5% to 25% of families with a higher risk for melanoma have an inherited mutation in the CDKN2A gene. […] People with a weakened immune system have a higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer.

• #1 Risks and causes | Skin cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes

  People who have already had a skin cancer have a greater risk of getting another one compared to someone who hasn’t had one. Researchers think this is most likely because of sun exposure. […] Most non melanoma skin cancers don’t run in families. But research has found some families seem to have a higher number than normal. […] People with certain skin conditions can be more likely to develop skin cancer. […] Solar keratosis is a sign that your skin has already been damaged and you should take extra care to cover up in the sun. Over time it can turn into a squamous cell skin cancer, but this does not happen in everyone. […] This is a very rare inherited genetic skin condition. It is usually there at birth, but it can appear during the teen years. Your skin cannot repair damage from the sun if you have this condition.

• #1

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a19694832/skin-cancer-causes/

  If your parents or a sibling has had skin cancer, then you’re 50% more likely to get it yourself than people who don’t have a family history of the disease. […] Pilots and flight attendants are twice as likely to develop melanoma, compared with the general public, according to a 2014 University of California, San Francisco study. […] About three-quarters of melanomas in situ (early-stage melanoma that hasn’t yet spread) are on the left side of the body, according to a 2010 St. Louis University School of Medicine study. […] Arsenic exposure has been linked to several types of cancer, including skin cancer.

• #1 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/

  Certain factors are believed to increase your chances of developing all types of skin cancer, including: pale skin that does not tan easily, red or blonde hair, blue eyes, older age, a large number of moles, a large number of freckles, an area of skin previously damaged by burning or radiotherapy treatment, a condition that suppresses your immune system, such as HIV, medicines that suppress your immune system (immunosuppressants), commonly used after organ transplants, exposure to certain chemicals, such as creosote and arsenic, a previous diagnosis of skin cancer.

• #1 Causes of non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/causes/

  Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most common cause of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is more common in older people, but younger people can also get it. […] You’re also more likely to get non-melanoma skin cancer if you have: pale skin that burns easily in the sun, red or fair hair, blue or green eyes, a large number of freckles or moles, had a lot of sun exposure and you’ve had sunburn a lot in the past, used sunbeds a lot, a history of skin cancer in your family or you’ve had skin cancer before. […] If you have brown or black skin, you have a lower chance of getting non-melanoma skin cancer, but you can still get it.

• #1 What Causes Melanoma Skin Cancer? : National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention

  https://skincancerprevention.org/learning/risk-factors/what-causes-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  We don’t yet know exactly what causes melanoma. But we do know that certain risk factors are linked to this disease. A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease. […] Too much exposure to UV radiation is thought to be the biggest risk factor for most melanomas. The main source of UV light is the sun. Tanning lamps and booths are also sources of UV light. People with high levels of exposure to UV light are at greater risk for all types of skin cancer. […] A mole (the medical name is nevus) is a benign (not cancer) skin tumor. Certain types of moles increase a person’s chance of getting melanoma. […] The risk of melanoma is more than 10 times higher for whites than for African Americans. Whites with fair skin, freckles, or red or blond hair have a higher risk of melanoma.

• #1 What Causes Melanoma? | Causes of Melanoma Skin Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  What Causes Melanoma Skin Cancer? […] While there are many known risk factors for melanoma, it’s not always exactly clear how they might cause cancer. […] For example, while most moles never turn into a melanoma, some do. Researchers have found some gene changes inside mole cells that may cause them to become melanoma cells. But it’s still not known exactly why some moles become cancerous while most don’t. […] Most often, gene changes related to melanoma are acquired during a person’s lifetime and are not passed on to a person’s children (inherited). Sometimes these acquired mutations seem to happen randomly within a cell, without having a clear cause. At other times, they likely happen as the result of exposure to an outside cause. […] For example, ultraviolet (UV) rays are a major cause of melanoma. Most UV rays come from sunlight, but some can come from man-made sources such as tanning beds. UV rays can damage the DNA in skin cells. Sometimes this affects certain genes that control how the cells grow and divide. If these genes no longer work properly, the affected cells may become cancer cells.

• #1 Skin Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer risks increase as you age, likely due to accumulated UV radiation from sun exposure. […] People who live in areas with bright, year-round sun exposure, or those who spend a lot of time outdoors without sun protection or sunscreen, are at greater risk. Early exposure, particularly for people who had frequent sunburns during childhood, also increases skin cancer risks. […] Men are twice as likely to develop basal cell carcinomas and three times more likely to develop squamous cell carcinomas than women. […] Common types of skin cancer include: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which accounts for more than 80 percent of skin cancers diagnosed each year and tends to develop on parts of the body with the most sun exposure; Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is more likely than basal cell carcinoma to invade fatty tissue beneath the skin; Melanoma, which forms in melanocytes, the skin cells that produce the brown pigment known as melanin and darken when exposed to the sun; Merkel cell carcinoma, which forms in cells that give skin its sense of touch and may metastasize to the brain, bones, liver or lung; Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which is caused by human herpesvirus 8 and develops in the blood vessels of the skin; Actinic keratosis, which is a precancerous growth that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma.

• #1 10 Skin cancer myths debunked | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/10-skin-cancer-myths-debunked.h14-1592991.html

  Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. The primary cause is too much sun or tanning bed exposure. […] Sun exposure is the primary cause of skin cancer, but there are other causes: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from tanning beds and occupational equipment, family history of skin cancer and other genetic factors, increasing age, and a weakened immune system. […] People with fair skin and freckles, and multiple or unusual moles also face a higher skin cancer risk. […] Melanoma is the most common form of cancer in young adults age 25-29 and the second most common form of cancer in people 15-29 years old. […] Using tanning beds increases your skin cancer risk. That includes your risk for the deadliest form of skin cancer, melanoma.

• #1 Causes & Risk Factors Archive – Skcin.org

  https://www.skcin.org/skin-cancer-causes/

  UV radiation is the direct cause of 90% of skin cancer cases. […] Ultraviolet radiation is the direct cause of 90% of all skin cancers and 80% of the visible signs of aging. […] Sunbeds are classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency on Cancer (IARC). They are not a safe alternative to sunbathing and are known to significantly increase the risk of skin cancer. […] Men are 69% more likely to die from skin cancer. In the last 50 years death rates from melanoma have risen by 219% in men, compared to an increase of 76% in women.

• #1 Skin cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/skin-cancer/

  What causes skin cancer? […] The main cause of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or from sunbeds. […] The evidence that overexposure to the sun causes skin cancer has been consistent for decades. […] However, many people still don’t protect themselves from the sun, putting themselves at increased risk of skin cancer. […] Skin cancer is more common in people who have pale skin that burns without tanning, blue eyes and fair hair. […] The risk of skin cancer increases every time you are sunburnt, during childhood, adolescence or adulthood. […] Drinking water containing arsenic increases the risk of skin cancer. […] Agricultural, mining and industrial practices can contaminate water with arsenic. […] Arsenic can also occur naturally due to geological deposits or volcanic activity.

• #1 Skin cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/skin-cancer/

  Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection can cause squamous cell carcinomas, especially in people whose immune systems are compromised. […] Medicines used to suppress the immune system after an organ transplant are associated with a higher risk of skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. […] Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls chemicals – used in the plastic and chemical industries – is strongly associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. […] Some rare mutations in specific genes can lead to skin cancer. […] Having a family history of skin cancer also increases the risk. […] Being tall increases the risk of malignant melanoma skin cancer. […] Our Expert Panel of scientists has also looked at other things that may be linked with the risk of skin cancer. […] The evidence for the risk factors listed below is limited, and we do not recommend that you change your behaviour only on the basis of these risk factors.

• #1 Skin Cancer: Common Symptoms, Causes and Prevention Tips

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer can develop in anyone, of any skin color. Most cases of skin cancer are caused by exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun, particularly if it causes the skin to burn or blister. […] The suns UV light damages your skins DNA and causes abnormal cells to form. If these abnormal cells divide rapidly, they can form a cancerous mass. […] Frequent contact with certain chemicals, such as coal or tar, can also cause skin cancer. […] You may increase your risk of developing skin cancer if you: Spend a lot of time in the sun, Get sunburnt easily or have fair skin/hair, Use tanning beds, Have received UV light therapy for other skin conditions, Have a lot of moles, Have a family history of skin cancer, Take immunosuppressants, Have received an organ transplant.

• #1 Skin cancer types: Basal cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/diseases/skin-cancer/basal-cell-carcinoma-causes

  What causes basal cell carcinoma? The cause of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer, is well known. Most people develop it because their skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from: The sun, Indoor tanning equipment (such as tanning beds or sunlamps), Both the sun and indoor tanning. People who have lighter skin tones have a higher risk of developing UV-damaged skin. Indoor tanning can increase your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma by 24%. Every time UV light hits our skin, it can damage some of the DNA inside our skins cells. The body tries to repair this damage. As UV light from the sun, indoor tanning equipment, or both, continues to hit our skin, the damage builds up. Eventually, it becomes too much for the body to repair. When the body cannot repair the damage, changes called mutations develop. When the mutations build up in the skin, we get skin cancer. The type of skin cancer we get depends on where the mutations develop in the skin. Basal cells are found deep inside the first layer of our skin, so we get basal cell carcinoma when mutations develop inside these cells. Yes. The main risk factor (anything that increases your risk of getting a disease) for getting this skin cancer is: UV-damaged skin, caused by the sun or tanning beds: Each time you go outdoors without protecting your skin from the sun or use a tanning bed, you increase your risk of getting skin cancer. There are other risk factors for basal cell carcinoma, which include: Lighter skin tone: This skin cancer develops in skin damaged by UV light, and skin is more easily damaged by UV light if you have a light skin tone and one or more of the following: Skin that burns easily and rarely tans, Sun-sensitive skin that freckles easily, Naturally blonde or red hair, Blue or green eyes. Sunburns: If you’ve had sunburns, especially blistering ones in your youth, you have a higher risk of developing this skin cancer. Live in an area with intense sunlight or the mountains: Living in an area that gets intense sunlight year-round, such as Florida or California, increases your risk of getting skin cancer. People who live at a high altitude also have an increased risk. Your work: People in certain occupations have a higher risk of developing this skin cancer. For example, studies have found that people who work outdoors have an increased risk when compared to people who work indoors. If you work in one of the following occupations, you may have a higher risk of developing basal cell carcinoma: Asphalter, Farmer, park ranger, and other outdoor worker, Roofer, Military service (veterans and active duty), Pilot or flight crew, Welder (metal arc). Previous skin cancer: If you’ve had any type of skin cancer, you have a greater risk of getting another one. Weakened immune system: Anything that weakens your immune system increases your risk of getting this skin cancer. In fact, basal cell carcinoma is one of the cancers most likely to develop when the immune system weakens. If you received an organ transplant, the medication you take to prevent your body from rejecting the organ suppresses your immune system. This increases your risk of developing basal cell skin cancer. Some medical conditions: If you have one of the following medical conditions, you have an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. Some people who have one of these conditions develop hundreds of skin cancers. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (aka Gorlin syndrome), Xeroderma pigmentosum, Rombo syndrome, Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome. 100+ PUVA sessions: Used to treat psoriasis and some other conditions that affect the skin, this therapy involves taking a medication called psoralen, which makes your skin more sensitive to UV light. After the medication takes effect, the skin that needs treatment is exposed to controlled UV light. Research indicates that your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma increases if you’ve had 100 or more PUVA treatments. X-ray treatments for acne: While no longer used to treat acne, some people received these treatments in their youth. Dialysis for kidney disease: People who are receiving dialysis have a much greater risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. Arsenic in your food or water: Many researchers have found that the more arsenic found in your food or water, the greater your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. While having a risk factor for basal cell carcinoma increases your risk of developing it, some people who get this skin cancer don’t have risk factors. People of all colors get this skin cancer, including people of African, Asian, and Latin descent.

• #1 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  Fair skin, light-colored eyes, or naturally red or blond hair. If you have any of these traits, your skin is more easily damaged by the sun. […] Sunburns. If you’ve had blistering sunburns, especially in your youth, you have a higher risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer. […] Actinic keratoses (AKs). These are precancerous growths on your skin, which are caused by the sun or indoor tanning. Having an AK increases your risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer because an AK can progress and turn into this type of skin cancer. […] Sunny region. Living in an area that’s warm and gets plenty of sun year-round, such as Florida or California, increases your risk. […] Previous skin cancer. Having had skin cancer increases your risk of developing more skin cancers. […] Medication taken to prevent your body from rejecting a transplanted organ. If you have a transplanted organ, such as a kidney, heart, or lung, you have a significantly increased risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer.

• #1 Skin cancer – information about the causes and risk factors | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer/causes-and-risk-factors-of-skin-cancer

  You have a higher risk of skin cancer if you live, or have lived, close to the equator or where UV exposure levels are higher. This includes places such as Australia and New Zealand. […] If you have the type of skin that burns more easily, you are more at risk of skin cancer. […] Using indoor tanning devices such as sunbeds and sunlamps makes it more likely that you will develop skin cancer. […] The risk of skin cancer increases as you get older. […] The risk of skin cancer is higher if you have had it before. […] Bowens disease is a skin condition that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if left untreated. […] Actinic keratosis (AK) is a rough or crusty skin growth caused by damage from exposure to UV light over time. […] If you have had radiotherapy treatment, you may develop skin cancer later in life.

• #1 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  HPV infection. Squamous cell skin cancer can develop under a nail, on the genitals, or inside the anus. Researchers have found that in these areas, squamous cell carcinoma is often accompanied by an HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. […] Skin injury, such as a burn. Have you burned your skin badly? If so, you have a higher risk of developing skin cancer on the skin that was burned. […] Exposure to arsenic. People who have high levels of arsenic in their drinking water or food have a greater risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer. […] Cigarette smoking. Some studies suggest that smokers develop this skin cancer at an earlier age than do people who don’t smoke or have never smoked. […] HIV. In looking at medical records, Danish researchers found that people who are HIV positive have a higher risk of developing the most common types of skin cancer, including squamous cell skin cancer.

• #1 Skin cancer – information about the causes and risk factors | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer/causes-and-risk-factors-of-skin-cancer

  People who have a weakened immune system (immunosuppression) have a higher risk of developing skin cancer. […] Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is sometimes linked to areas of skin that have been damaged or inflamed for a long period of time. […] Another possible, rare cause of non-melanoma skin cancer is overexposure to certain chemicals, usually at a workplace. […] If you inherit a faulty gene, it increases your risk of developing certain health problems. […] If you have lots of moles or unusual moles, you may have a higher risk of melanoma. […] The risk of developing melanoma skin cancer increases if you have a close relative who has had melanoma.

• #1 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  Weakened immune system. Our immune system helps defend against cancer, so when something weakens it, we have a greater risk of developing skin cancer. […] Xeroderma pigmentosum or similar inherited disease. Some people are born with a medical condition called xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). If you have XP, your body cannot repair any of the damage caused by UV light, so your risk of developing skin cancer skyrockets.

• #1 Risks and causes | Skin cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes

  Some treatments for psoriasis, such as psoralen ultraviolet light treatment (PUVA), increase your risk as they use ultraviolet light. […] One of the most common types of eczema is atopic dermatitis. It might be treated with ultraviolet light treatment and a drug called methoxsalen (a type of psoralen), which increases the risk of non melanoma skin cancer. […] You are more at risk of developing a non melanoma skin cancer in an area where you have had radiotherapy treatment. […] Having a weakened immune system may increase your risk of skin cancer in the future. […] Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays an important part in the development of skin cancer. […] Some occupations and working with particular chemicals can increase your risk of skin cancer.

• #1 Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq

  An autosomal recessive disease, called xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), is associated with increased BCC, SCC, and melanoma risks. […] Immunosuppression, such as when it is induced intentionally after solid-organ transplantation to reduce the risk of transplanted organ rejection, is a significant risk factor for skin cancer. […] A personal history of BCC or SCC is strongly associated with subsequent BCC or SCC. There is an approximate 20% increased risk of a subsequent lesion within the first year after a skin cancer has been diagnosed. […] Individuals with BCCs and/or SCCs report a higher frequency of these cancers in their family members than do controls. The importance of this finding is unclear. Apart from defined genetic disorders with an increased risk of BCC, a positive family history of any skin cancer is a strong predictor of the development of BCC.

• #1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/squamous-cell-carcinoma/scc-causes-and-risk-factors/

  If you’ve had SCC, you have a high chance of recurrence. […] The risk of developing SCC increases as you age, and there is a reason why the disease most commonly occurs in people over 50. […] Although people of all skin types can develop SCC, people with light skin — especially individuals with red or blond hair, blue or green eyes or skin that freckles or easily burns — have a heightened risk for the disease. […] Squamous cell carcinomas occur at least twice as frequently in men as in women. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum – a rare disorder that makes the skin less able to repair DNA damage caused by the sun – or other photosensitivity conditions such as polymorphous light eruption or solar urticaria have an elevated risk for skin damage, SCC and other skin cancers. […] Certain precancerous growths, often resulting from cumulative sun damage, are linked with SCC. […] HPV, which can arise in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth as well as on the skin has been documented as a cause of Bowen’s disease on the genitals.

• #1 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-squamous-cell-carcinoma

  More than 90% of cases of SCC are associated with numerous DNA mutations in multiple somatic genes. Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), especially UVB (known as signature 7). Other signature mutations relate to cigarette smoking, ageing and immune suppression (eg, to drugs such as azathioprine). Mutations in signalling pathways affect the epidermal growth factor receptor, RAS, Fyn, and p16INK4a signalling. […] Beta-genus human papillomaviruses (wart virus) are thought to play a role in SCC arising in immune-suppressed populations. -HPV and HPV subtypes 5, 8, 17, 20, 24, and 38 have also been associated with an increased risk of cutaneous SCC in immunocompetent individuals.

• #1 Skin Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/skin-cancer

  Besides UV light exposure, common skin cancer risk factors include: Weakened immune system, from viruses, diseases or immune-suppression therapy associated with organ transplantation; Moles; Personal or family history of skin cancer; Inherited conditions, such as xeroderma pigmentosum; Smoking tobacco; Chemical exposure to items such as arsenic, industrial tar, coal, paraffin and certain types of oil; Basal cell nervous syndrome, also called Gorlin syndrome; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus; Radiation therapy exposure; Psoriasis treatment. […] Caucasians are at greater risk of developing cancer than people with darker skin. The risk of skin cancer is also higher for individuals with blond or red hair, blue or green eyes, or fair skin that burns or freckles easily.

• #1 Skin cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/skin-cancer/

  There is some evidence that coffee may decrease the risk of malignant melanoma in women and may decrease the risk of basal cell carcinoma in men and women. […] Alcohol may increase the risk of malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. […] Being tall may increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma. […] Greater birthweight may increase the risk of malignant melanoma.

• #1

  https://consensus.app/questions/skin-cancer-causes/

  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer globally, particularly prevalent among fair-skinned populations. The primary cause of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can come from natural sunlight or artificial sources like tanning beds and lamps. Chronic exposure to UV radiation leads to DNA damage and genetic mutations in skin cells, which can result in the development of skin cancer. Both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are strongly linked to chronic UV exposure, while melanoma is often associated with intense, intermittent sun exposure. Ozone layer depletion has increased the amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, contributing to higher skin cancer rates. Individuals with certain genetic syndromes or familial histories of skin cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Genetic mutations can inactivate apoptosis, the process that prevents the malignant transformation of healthy cells, thereby increasing the likelihood of skin cancer. Organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients, and individuals undergoing certain treatments like radiation therapy and phototherapy are more susceptible to skin cancer due to immunosuppression. Certain viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), Merkel cell polyomavirus, and human herpesvirus 8, have been linked to specific types of skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Exposure to chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, and work-related hazards can also increase the risk of skin cancer. The use of tanning beds and other artificial UV sources is a significant risk factor for skin cancer. Aging, fair skin, and certain dietary habits have been associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Skin cancer is a multifactorial disease with various causes, including UV radiation, genetic susceptibility, immunosuppression, viral infections, chemical carcinogens, and lifestyle factors. Excessive sunlight exposure is the most common cause of skin cancer. Sun exposure, UV radiation, organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients, treatment modalities, viral infections, genetic syndromes, environmental pollutants, and work-related exposures are key causes of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major cause of skin cancer, with factors like ozone depletion, UV light elevation, latitude, altitude, and weather conditions influencing its development.

• #1 Skin Cancer Types, Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment, Survival Rate

  https://www.medicinenet.com/skin_cancer_overview/article.htm

  There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. […] Most skin cancers arise from DNA mutations induced by ultraviolet light affecting cells of the epidermis. […] Since most skin cancers are caused by ultraviolet light exposure, skin cancers are generally not considered to be inherited. […] The most common risk factors for skin cancer are as follows. Ultraviolet light exposure, either from the sun or from tanning beds. […] Many skin cancers can be prevented by avoiding triggers that cause tumors to develop.

• #2 Risks and causes | Skin cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes

  Most non melanoma skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. This may be long term exposure, or short periods of intense sun exposure and burning. […] Most skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. This may be long term exposure, or short periods of intense sun exposure and burning. The ultraviolet light in sunlight damages the DNA in the skin cells. This damage can happen years before a cancer develops. […] A history of sunburn increases your risk of skin cancer. The risk is especially high if you were sunburnt several times during your childhood. […] Skin cancer is more common in people with white skin. This is because they have less of the protective pigment called melanin. People with black skin are less likely to get skin cancer but can still get it. […] Sunbeds produce ultraviolet light which damages the skin. Research has shown that using a sunbed causes melanoma. There is now evidence to say that sunbeds might increase the risk of non melanoma skin cancer.

• #2 Causes of skin cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/causes-of-skin-cancer

  Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. The majority of skin cancers in Australia are caused by exposure to UV radiation in sunlight. […] Exposure to UV radiation causes 95% of melanomas, the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Sun exposure that doesn’t result in burning can still cause damage to skin cells and increase your risk of developing skin cancer. Evidence suggests that regular exposure to UV radiation year after year can also lead to skin cancer. […] Tanning is a sign that you have been exposed to enough UV radiation (from the sun or solarium) to damage your skin. […] Worst of all, it increases your risk of skin cancer. […] Solariums emit UVA and UVB radiation, both known causes of cancer.

• #2 Skin Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Each year, about 3.5 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed. Non-melanoma skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are not likely to spread and may require little more than minor surgery or topical treatment. Melanoma, which accounts for about 1 percent of all skin cancers but is responsible for most skin cancer deaths, may spread (metastasize) through the lymphatic system or bloodstream to other organs. […] Skin cancer occurs when the body does not repair damage to the DNA inside skin cells, allowing the cells to divide and grow uncontrollably. Skin cell damage may be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics and skin type. Most cases of skin cancer result from overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, including sunlight and tanning beds, with the risk growing with the amount of exposure.

• #2 Skin Cancer Information

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/

  Skin cancer is the out-of-control growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis, the outermost skin layer, caused by unrepaired DNA damage that triggers mutations. […] The two main causes of skin cancer are the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and using UV tanning beds. […] Most BCCs are caused by the combination of intermittent, intense exposure and cumulative, long-term exposure to UV radiation from the sun. […] Cumulative, long-term exposure to UV radiation from the sun and tanning beds causes most SCCs. […] Melanoma is often triggered by the kind of intense, intermittent sun exposure that leads to sunburn. Tanning bed use also increases risk for melanoma. […] Usually associated with a virus called the Merkel cell polyomavirus, MCCs most often arise on sun-exposed areas in fair-skinned individuals over age 50.

• #2 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/

  Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Non-melanoma skin cancer refers to a group of cancers that slowly develop in the upper layers of the skin. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is mainly caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. UV light comes from the sun, as well as artificial sunbeds and sunlamps. […] Most skin cancer is caused by ultraviolet (UV) light damaging the DNA in skin cells. The main source of UV light is sunlight. […] Sunlight contains 3 types of UV light: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet C (UVC). UVC is filtered out by the Earth’s atmosphere but UVA and UVB damage skin over time, making it more likely for skin cancers to develop. UVB is thought to be the main cause of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Research suggests that if you have 2 or more close relatives who have had non-melanoma skin cancer, your chances of developing the condition may be increased.

• #2 Learn All About Skin Cancer Causes

  https://www.melanomascan.com.au/FAQ/what-causes-skin-cancer.html

  The vast majority of skin cancers are caused by exposure to ultraviolet light in the form of sun exposure but also from artificial sources such as solariums and arc welding. Other causes of skin cancer include exposure to cancer causing chemicals such as arsenic, or ionising radiation. […] Prolonged exposure to UV rays, whether from the sun or tanning beds, can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. […] UV radiation emitted by the sun or artificial sources can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that may promote the growth of cancerous cells. […] Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are often linked to chronic sun exposure, while melanoma is more commonly associated with intense, intermittent sun exposure that causes sunburns. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer typically develops in the top layer of the skin and is often associated with UV exposure and cumulative sun damage. […] Individuals with fair skin, a history of sunburns, or prolonged sun exposure are at an increased risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer compared to people with dark skin.

• #2 Melanoma skin cancer – Causes – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes/

  Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most common cause of melanoma. It comes from the sun and is used in sunbeds. […] You’re also more likely to get melanoma if you have: pale skin that burns easily in the sun, red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes, a large number of freckles or moles, had a lot of sun exposure and you’ve had sunburn a lot in the past, used sunbeds a lot, a history of skin cancer in your family or you’ve had skin cancer before. […] Staying safe in the sun is the best way to lower your chance of getting skin cancer (both melanoma and non-melanoma).

• #2 The causes of skin cancer: a comprehensive review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15753968/

  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in fair-skinned populations around the world. […] Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of skin cancer remains a goal for healthcare systems. A clearer understanding of causative factors is an essential step in the prevention of skin cancer. This article comprehensively reviews the causative agents which play a role in the development of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sun exposure is the most important cause of skin cancer. Sunburns and excessive exposures cause cumulative damage which induces immunosuppression and skin cancers. […] Organ transplant recipients and AIDS patients have an increased incidence of skin cancers. Some treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, phototherapy and psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) can also predispose to skin cancers. Viral infections such as the human papilloma virus can cause squamous cell carcinomas. Individuals with familial genetic syndromes are susceptible to specific types of skin cancers. Ionizing radiation, environmental pollutants, chemical carcinogens and work-related exposures have been associated with skin cancers. Exposure to artificial UV radiation (tanning beds and lamps), aging, skin color, diet and smoking are attributable risks. […] This article provides a comprehensive and thorough overview of skin cancer, with an emphasis on understanding its epidemiology, incidence, etiology and related risk factors.

• #2 What causes skin cancer? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancer/skin/what-skin-cancer/risk-factors

  Sun exposure is the leading cause of skin cancer, which usually develops on the most sun-exposed areas of the body face, neck and arms. […] Risk factors for skin cancer include: […] Sunlight (ultraviolet radiation or UV) exposure […] Artificial sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds and sunlamps, can be more dangerous than sunlight because their UV radiation is often stronger. People who use tanning beds have a higher risk of getting skin cancer and they tend to get skin cancer earlier in life. The World Health Organization declared these tanning devices to be a group 1 carcinogen, because of their clearly understood ability to cause cancer.

• #2 Risks and causes | Skin cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes

  People who have already had a skin cancer have a greater risk of getting another one compared to someone who hasn’t had one. Researchers think this is most likely because of sun exposure. […] Most non melanoma skin cancers don’t run in families. But research has found some families seem to have a higher number than normal. […] People with certain skin conditions can be more likely to develop skin cancer. […] Solar keratosis is a sign that your skin has already been damaged and you should take extra care to cover up in the sun. Over time it can turn into a squamous cell skin cancer, but this does not happen in everyone. […] This is a very rare inherited genetic skin condition. It is usually there at birth, but it can appear during the teen years. Your skin cannot repair damage from the sun if you have this condition.

• #2 Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq

  More than 100 types of tumors are clinically apparent on the skin. Many are known to have familial and/or inherited components, either in isolation or as part of a syndrome with other features. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two of the most common malignancies in the United States and are often caused by sun exposure, although several hereditary syndromes and genes are also associated with an increased risk of developing these cancers. Melanoma (which is sometimes referred to as cutaneous melanoma) is a less common type of skin cancer, but 5% to 10% of all melanomas arise in multiple-case families and can be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Melanoma is the most lethal of the common skin cancers. […] Several genes and hereditary syndromes are associated with the development of skin cancer: Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS, caused by pathogenic variants in PTCH1 and PTCH2) is associated with increased BCC risk. Syndromes such as oculocutaneous albinism, epidermolysis bullosa, and Fanconi anemia are associated with increased SCC risk. CDKN2A is a major germline tumor suppressor gene that is associated with increased melanoma risk. Pathogenic variants in CDKN2A may account for 35% to 40% of all familial melanomas. Germline pathogenic variants in several other genes (i.e., CDK4, MITF, and BAP1) are also associated with increased melanoma risk.

• #2 What Are the Causes of Skin Cancer? Common Risk Factors, Genetics, and More

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-cancer/causes-of-skin-cancer-common-risk-factors-genetics-and-more/

  Tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps give off harmful UV light and are just as dangerous as the sun. […] Women who use indoor tanning equipment before they turn 30 years old are 6 times more likely to develop melanoma. […] A gene called TP53 is commonly altered in squamous cell carcinomas, while the PTCH1 or PTCH2 genes are often mutated in basal cell carcinomas. […] People with the inherited condition xeroderma pigmentosum also have a high risk for skin cancer. […] Melanomas seem to have more of a hereditary link than basal or squamous cell skin cancers. […] Scientists are still learning about how different inherited genes raise the risk for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Skin cancer is more likely to affect people with lighter skin because they have less pigment to protect them from the suns harmful rays. But dark-skinned individuals can also develop skin cancer. […] When skin cancers do occur in Black Americans or other People of Color, theyre usually diagnosed at a later stage because theres a lack of awareness about risk in the general population, and even physicians may be slow to suspect skin cancer because its less common in these populations.

• #2 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  Weakened immune system. Our immune system helps defend against cancer, so when something weakens it, we have a greater risk of developing skin cancer. […] Xeroderma pigmentosum or similar inherited disease. Some people are born with a medical condition called xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). If you have XP, your body cannot repair any of the damage caused by UV light, so your risk of developing skin cancer skyrockets.

• #2 Basal Cell Carcinoma: What it is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4581-basal-cell-carcinoma

  Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that causes a lump, bump or lesion to form on the outside layer of your skin (epidermis). These lumps form on areas of your skin that get a lot of sun exposure. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that forms in the basal cells of your skin. […] What causes basal cell carcinoma? A change to your DNA causes basal cell carcinoma. This change usually happens after your skin has too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight or tanning beds. […] If a mutation affects one of your genes, your DNA wont have the instructions to make new cells as it should. […] This causes your basal cells to make too many cells, which causes lumps (tumors) or lesions to form in the outer layer of your skin (epidermis). […] A rare inherited condition called basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) causes BCC to appear in childhood.

• #2 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  Fair skin, light-colored eyes, or naturally red or blond hair. If you have any of these traits, your skin is more easily damaged by the sun. […] Sunburns. If you’ve had blistering sunburns, especially in your youth, you have a higher risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer. […] Actinic keratoses (AKs). These are precancerous growths on your skin, which are caused by the sun or indoor tanning. Having an AK increases your risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer because an AK can progress and turn into this type of skin cancer. […] Sunny region. Living in an area that’s warm and gets plenty of sun year-round, such as Florida or California, increases your risk. […] Previous skin cancer. Having had skin cancer increases your risk of developing more skin cancers. […] Medication taken to prevent your body from rejecting a transplanted organ. If you have a transplanted organ, such as a kidney, heart, or lung, you have a significantly increased risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer.

• #2 Causes of non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/causes/

  Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most common cause of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is more common in older people, but younger people can also get it. […] You’re also more likely to get non-melanoma skin cancer if you have: pale skin that burns easily in the sun, red or fair hair, blue or green eyes, a large number of freckles or moles, had a lot of sun exposure and you’ve had sunburn a lot in the past, used sunbeds a lot, a history of skin cancer in your family or you’ve had skin cancer before. […] If you have brown or black skin, you have a lower chance of getting non-melanoma skin cancer, but you can still get it.

• #2 Skin Cancer: Causes and Treatment | Dermatology Associates

  https://www.dascwv.com/conditions/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the skin. […] Skin cancer can occur in anyone, anywhere, but is more likely to occur in people whose work or lifestyle exposes them to direct sunlight on a regular basis, or whose childhood or youth was filled with sun exposure. […] Though skin cancer occurs less often in people with darker complexions than in those with fair complexions, dark-skinned people are at higher risk for cancer in areas of the body not normally exposed to the sun. […] The primary risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. […] Other risk factors include having fair skin, a history of sunburns, a family history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain environmental factors such as arsenic.

• #2 Skin Cancer Risk Factors | Skin Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/risk-factors/index.html

  Anyone can get skin cancer. […] Reducing your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can lower your chances of getting skin cancer. […] Anyone can get skin cancer, but people with certain characteristics are at greater risk: A lighter natural skin color. […] Skin that burns, freckles, reddens easily, or becomes painful in the sun. […] Blue or green eyes. […] Blond or red hair. […] Certain types and a large number of moles. […] A history of sunburns or tanning. […] A family history of skin cancer. […] A personal history of skin cancer. […] Older age. […] Regardless of whether you have any of the risk factors listed above, reducing your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can help keep your skin healthy and lower your chances of getting skin cancer in the future. […] Making sun protection an everyday habit will help you to enjoy the outdoors safely, avoid getting a sunburn, and lower your skin cancer risk. […] To lower your skin cancer risk, protect your skin from the sun and avoid tanning.

• #2 Skin cancer: Causes, types, prevention and treatment | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/skin-cancer-causes-types-prevention-and-treatment

  Skin cancer, the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the skin, is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and tanning equipment. […] Skin cancers are primarily caused by exposure to DNA-damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] An estimated 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, making it the most common form of cancer in the U.S. […] Sun exposure and tanning bed use are major risk factors in its development. […] Most skin cancers are caused by UV exposure that damages the DNA of skin cells. […] People who get too much sun or sunburns have a higher risk for skin cancer, as all wavelengths of UV radiation that reach the Earth’s surface, including UVA and UVB, accelerate skin aging and promote skin cancer development. […] Indoor tanning equipment, such as sunbeds and tanning lamps, is another source of harmful UV radiation. […] UV rays damage genes. If UV causes mutations in genes that control the growth of skin cells or those involved in tumor suppression or DNA repair, it can lead to cancer. […] Arsenic is another cause of skin cancer.

• #2 Skin Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/skin-cancer

  Skin cancer risks increase as you age, likely due to accumulated UV radiation from sun exposure. […] People who live in areas with bright, year-round sun exposure, or those who spend a lot of time outdoors without sun protection or sunscreen, are at greater risk. Early exposure, particularly for people who had frequent sunburns during childhood, also increases skin cancer risks. […] Men are twice as likely to develop basal cell carcinomas and three times more likely to develop squamous cell carcinomas than women. […] Common types of skin cancer include: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which accounts for more than 80 percent of skin cancers diagnosed each year and tends to develop on parts of the body with the most sun exposure; Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is more likely than basal cell carcinoma to invade fatty tissue beneath the skin; Melanoma, which forms in melanocytes, the skin cells that produce the brown pigment known as melanin and darken when exposed to the sun; Merkel cell carcinoma, which forms in cells that give skin its sense of touch and may metastasize to the brain, bones, liver or lung; Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which is caused by human herpesvirus 8 and develops in the blood vessels of the skin; Actinic keratosis, which is a precancerous growth that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma.

• #2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/squamous-cell-carcinoma/scc-causes-and-risk-factors/

  If you’ve had SCC, you have a high chance of recurrence. […] The risk of developing SCC increases as you age, and there is a reason why the disease most commonly occurs in people over 50. […] Although people of all skin types can develop SCC, people with light skin — especially individuals with red or blond hair, blue or green eyes or skin that freckles or easily burns — have a heightened risk for the disease. […] Squamous cell carcinomas occur at least twice as frequently in men as in women. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum – a rare disorder that makes the skin less able to repair DNA damage caused by the sun – or other photosensitivity conditions such as polymorphous light eruption or solar urticaria have an elevated risk for skin damage, SCC and other skin cancers. […] Certain precancerous growths, often resulting from cumulative sun damage, are linked with SCC. […] HPV, which can arise in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth as well as on the skin has been documented as a cause of Bowen’s disease on the genitals.

• #2 Skin cancer types: Squamous cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/causes

  HPV infection. Squamous cell skin cancer can develop under a nail, on the genitals, or inside the anus. Researchers have found that in these areas, squamous cell carcinoma is often accompanied by an HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. […] Skin injury, such as a burn. Have you burned your skin badly? If so, you have a higher risk of developing skin cancer on the skin that was burned. […] Exposure to arsenic. People who have high levels of arsenic in their drinking water or food have a greater risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer. […] Cigarette smoking. Some studies suggest that smokers develop this skin cancer at an earlier age than do people who don’t smoke or have never smoked. […] HIV. In looking at medical records, Danish researchers found that people who are HIV positive have a higher risk of developing the most common types of skin cancer, including squamous cell skin cancer.

• #2 Skin Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

  https://www.galaxycare.org/blog/skin-cancer-causes-symptoms-and-prevention/

  Skin cancer is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet light from sunlight. This UV light damages DNA in the skin cells and it often leads to cancer. […] Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells that can occur in any part of the body. It can be caused by UV rays exposure. […] Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic skin condition in which the skin is unable to repair UV damage. Most people with this condition can develop skin cancer on exposure to UV rays. […] Radiation exposure can lead to skin cancer. People who undergo radiation treatment may develop cancer in an area of treatment. […] The risk of skin cancer increases with some occupations as they involve working with certain chemicals such as petroleum products, arsenic, coal tar, creosote, soot, shale oils, etc.

• #2

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a19694832/skin-cancer-causes/

  If your parents or a sibling has had skin cancer, then you’re 50% more likely to get it yourself than people who don’t have a family history of the disease. […] Pilots and flight attendants are twice as likely to develop melanoma, compared with the general public, according to a 2014 University of California, San Francisco study. […] About three-quarters of melanomas in situ (early-stage melanoma that hasn’t yet spread) are on the left side of the body, according to a 2010 St. Louis University School of Medicine study. […] Arsenic exposure has been linked to several types of cancer, including skin cancer.

• #2 Skin cancer – information about the causes and risk factors | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer/causes-and-risk-factors-of-skin-cancer

  You have a higher risk of skin cancer if you live, or have lived, close to the equator or where UV exposure levels are higher. This includes places such as Australia and New Zealand. […] If you have the type of skin that burns more easily, you are more at risk of skin cancer. […] Using indoor tanning devices such as sunbeds and sunlamps makes it more likely that you will develop skin cancer. […] The risk of skin cancer increases as you get older. […] The risk of skin cancer is higher if you have had it before. […] Bowens disease is a skin condition that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if left untreated. […] Actinic keratosis (AK) is a rough or crusty skin growth caused by damage from exposure to UV light over time. […] If you have had radiotherapy treatment, you may develop skin cancer later in life.

• #2

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a19694832/skin-cancer-causes/

  Just one blistering burn can double your risk of developing melanoma later in life, according to the Melanoma Research Foundation. […] And getting a severe burn on your torso may be especially likely to lead to melanoma down the road, according to research from the American Journal of Epidemiology. […] Melanin provides some protection from the suns damaging UV rays, so if you’re naturally pale, then you’re more likely to burn and are therefore much more likely to develop skin cancer than a person with darker skin. […] The same genetic mutation responsible for red hair also increases melanoma risk, according to a 2013 study done at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. […] If you reside in the mile-high city of Denver, you’re more likely to develop melanoma than someone who lives closer to sea level.

• #2 Skin cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/skin-cancer/

  Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection can cause squamous cell carcinomas, especially in people whose immune systems are compromised. […] Medicines used to suppress the immune system after an organ transplant are associated with a higher risk of skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. […] Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls chemicals – used in the plastic and chemical industries – is strongly associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. […] Some rare mutations in specific genes can lead to skin cancer. […] Having a family history of skin cancer also increases the risk. […] Being tall increases the risk of malignant melanoma skin cancer. […] Our Expert Panel of scientists has also looked at other things that may be linked with the risk of skin cancer. […] The evidence for the risk factors listed below is limited, and we do not recommend that you change your behaviour only on the basis of these risk factors.

• #2 Skin Cancer Causes | YourCareEverywhere

  https://yourcareeverywhere.com/health-research/health-insights/skin-cancer-center/causes-of-skin-cancer.html

  Tanning or burning are particularly dangerous, but any amount of unprotected sun exposure can cause skin cancer. […] Inherited genetic changes can also cause melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers: squamous cell cancers and basal cell carcinomas. […] Inherited melanomas run in families and are generally due to a change in CDKN2A, a tumor suppressor gene. […] Genetic conditions can also cause skin cancer. […] Factors in your immediate environment can cause skin cancer, including exposure to pollutants, chemical carcinogens, and environmental radiation. […] Research has found that lifestyle factors such as diet and smoking can also make you more likely to develop skin cancer, though other causes usually contribute to the cancers development, such as sun exposure. […] Because your immune system plays a role in fighting the growth of cancer cells, conditions that suppress your immune system can cause skin cancer.

• #2 Skin cancer types: Basal cell carcinoma causes

  https://www.aad.org/diseases/skin-cancer/basal-cell-carcinoma-causes

  What causes basal cell carcinoma? The cause of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer, is well known. Most people develop it because their skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from: The sun, Indoor tanning equipment (such as tanning beds or sunlamps), Both the sun and indoor tanning. People who have lighter skin tones have a higher risk of developing UV-damaged skin. Indoor tanning can increase your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma by 24%. Every time UV light hits our skin, it can damage some of the DNA inside our skins cells. The body tries to repair this damage. As UV light from the sun, indoor tanning equipment, or both, continues to hit our skin, the damage builds up. Eventually, it becomes too much for the body to repair. When the body cannot repair the damage, changes called mutations develop. When the mutations build up in the skin, we get skin cancer. The type of skin cancer we get depends on where the mutations develop in the skin. Basal cells are found deep inside the first layer of our skin, so we get basal cell carcinoma when mutations develop inside these cells. Yes. The main risk factor (anything that increases your risk of getting a disease) for getting this skin cancer is: UV-damaged skin, caused by the sun or tanning beds: Each time you go outdoors without protecting your skin from the sun or use a tanning bed, you increase your risk of getting skin cancer. There are other risk factors for basal cell carcinoma, which include: Lighter skin tone: This skin cancer develops in skin damaged by UV light, and skin is more easily damaged by UV light if you have a light skin tone and one or more of the following: Skin that burns easily and rarely tans, Sun-sensitive skin that freckles easily, Naturally blonde or red hair, Blue or green eyes. Sunburns: If you’ve had sunburns, especially blistering ones in your youth, you have a higher risk of developing this skin cancer. Live in an area with intense sunlight or the mountains: Living in an area that gets intense sunlight year-round, such as Florida or California, increases your risk of getting skin cancer. People who live at a high altitude also have an increased risk. Your work: People in certain occupations have a higher risk of developing this skin cancer. For example, studies have found that people who work outdoors have an increased risk when compared to people who work indoors. If you work in one of the following occupations, you may have a higher risk of developing basal cell carcinoma: Asphalter, Farmer, park ranger, and other outdoor worker, Roofer, Military service (veterans and active duty), Pilot or flight crew, Welder (metal arc). Previous skin cancer: If you’ve had any type of skin cancer, you have a greater risk of getting another one. Weakened immune system: Anything that weakens your immune system increases your risk of getting this skin cancer. In fact, basal cell carcinoma is one of the cancers most likely to develop when the immune system weakens. If you received an organ transplant, the medication you take to prevent your body from rejecting the organ suppresses your immune system. This increases your risk of developing basal cell skin cancer. Some medical conditions: If you have one of the following medical conditions, you have an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. Some people who have one of these conditions develop hundreds of skin cancers. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (aka Gorlin syndrome), Xeroderma pigmentosum, Rombo syndrome, Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome. 100+ PUVA sessions: Used to treat psoriasis and some other conditions that affect the skin, this therapy involves taking a medication called psoralen, which makes your skin more sensitive to UV light. After the medication takes effect, the skin that needs treatment is exposed to controlled UV light. Research indicates that your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma increases if you’ve had 100 or more PUVA treatments. X-ray treatments for acne: While no longer used to treat acne, some people received these treatments in their youth. Dialysis for kidney disease: People who are receiving dialysis have a much greater risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. Arsenic in your food or water: Many researchers have found that the more arsenic found in your food or water, the greater your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. While having a risk factor for basal cell carcinoma increases your risk of developing it, some people who get this skin cancer don’t have risk factors. People of all colors get this skin cancer, including people of African, Asian, and Latin descent.

• #2 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-squamous-cell-carcinoma

  More than 90% of cases of SCC are associated with numerous DNA mutations in multiple somatic genes. Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), especially UVB (known as signature 7). Other signature mutations relate to cigarette smoking, ageing and immune suppression (eg, to drugs such as azathioprine). Mutations in signalling pathways affect the epidermal growth factor receptor, RAS, Fyn, and p16INK4a signalling. […] Beta-genus human papillomaviruses (wart virus) are thought to play a role in SCC arising in immune-suppressed populations. -HPV and HPV subtypes 5, 8, 17, 20, 24, and 38 have also been associated with an increased risk of cutaneous SCC in immunocompetent individuals.

• #3

  https://www.sunsmart.com.au/skin-cancer

  Although almost entirely preventable, two in three Australians will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. […] UV radiation causes damage to the skin cells’ DNA. The repeated exposure to the sun’s UV in people’s daily lives increases the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. […] More than 95% of skin cancers are caused by exposure to UV radiation. […] UV radiation most often comes from the sun, but it can also come from artificial sources like solariums or sunbeds. […] Solariums are banned for commercial use in Australia as research shows that people who use solariums have a much greater risk of developing skin cancer.

• #3 What Are the Causes of Skin Cancer? Common Risk Factors, Genetics, and More

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-cancer/causes-of-skin-cancer-common-risk-factors-genetics-and-more/

  Tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps give off harmful UV light and are just as dangerous as the sun. […] Women who use indoor tanning equipment before they turn 30 years old are 6 times more likely to develop melanoma. […] A gene called TP53 is commonly altered in squamous cell carcinomas, while the PTCH1 or PTCH2 genes are often mutated in basal cell carcinomas. […] People with the inherited condition xeroderma pigmentosum also have a high risk for skin cancer. […] Melanomas seem to have more of a hereditary link than basal or squamous cell skin cancers. […] Scientists are still learning about how different inherited genes raise the risk for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Skin cancer is more likely to affect people with lighter skin because they have less pigment to protect them from the suns harmful rays. But dark-skinned individuals can also develop skin cancer. […] When skin cancers do occur in Black Americans or other People of Color, theyre usually diagnosed at a later stage because theres a lack of awareness about risk in the general population, and even physicians may be slow to suspect skin cancer because its less common in these populations.

• #3

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a19694832/skin-cancer-causes/

  If your parents or a sibling has had skin cancer, then you’re 50% more likely to get it yourself than people who don’t have a family history of the disease. […] Pilots and flight attendants are twice as likely to develop melanoma, compared with the general public, according to a 2014 University of California, San Francisco study. […] About three-quarters of melanomas in situ (early-stage melanoma that hasn’t yet spread) are on the left side of the body, according to a 2010 St. Louis University School of Medicine study. […] Arsenic exposure has been linked to several types of cancer, including skin cancer.

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