Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Basal Cell Carcinoma

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. In the U.S. alone, an estimated 3.6 million cases are diagnosed each year. BCCs arise from abnormal, uncontrolled growth of basal cells. […] Because BCCs grow slowly, most are curable and cause minimal damage when caught and treated early. Understanding BCC causes, risk factors and warning signs can help you detect them early, when they are easiest to treat and cure. […] BCC is serious and should be addressed as soon as possible. […] One of three main types of cells in the top layer of the skin, basal cells shed as new ones form. BCC most often occurs when DNA damage from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or indoor tanning triggers changes in basal cells in the outermost layer of skin (epidermis), resulting in uncontrolled growth.

• #2 Basal Cell Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482439/

  Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cutaneous malignancy, affecting close to one in five Americans. […] This activity describes the risk factors, evaluation, and management of basal cell carcinoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in enhancing care delivery for affected patients. […] Outline the evaluation of basal cell carcinoma. […] A skin biopsy is necessary for clinical confirmation of BCC. A shave, punch, or excisional biopsy are all options, taking care to include some portion of the dermis in the specimen to differentiate between superficial and other invasive histologic subtypes of BCC. […] It should be noted that punch and shave biopsy techniques are about 80% accurate in diagnosing the various subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. […] Dermoscopy can be beneficial to the experienced clinician, aiding in the diagnosis of non-pigmented and pigmented BCCs.

• #3 Basal Cell Carcinoma: What it is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4581-basal-cell-carcinoma

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that forms in the basal cells of your skin. […] Depending on the appearance of the skin lesion, your healthcare provider might immediately suspect a basal cell carcinoma diagnosis. To confirm the diagnosis, your provider will complete a physical exam and ask you questions about your symptoms, including: […] After a physical exam, your provider might offer tests to confirm a diagnosis, which could include: […] Your provider will determine the stage of your diagnosis after providing a physical exam and reviewing the results of your tests. […] Your provider will treat basal cell carcinoma by removing cancer from your body. […] If you dont receive treatment for basal cell carcinoma, the skin cancer can slowly grow in size and invade deeper tissues like muscle and bone and cartilage. […] The prognosis for people diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is excellent. […] Its important to contact a healthcare provider any time you have a skin problem that doesnt resolve on its own.

• #4 Basal Cell Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482439/

  Therapy selection depends on the patient’s age and gender as well as the site, size, and type of lesion. […] A biopsy should be performed in all patients with suspected BCC to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype. […] The main goals of BCC treatment are (1) to completely remove the tumor to prevent recurrence at a later date, (2) to correct any functional impairment resulting from the tumor, and (3) to give the best cosmetic result to the patient, especially because most BCCs are on the face. […] Treatment of BCC is usually surgical, but some forms of BCC are amenable to medical treatment or radiation therapy. […] The recurrence rates for primary BCC are as follows: Mohs surgery, 1.0%; surgical excision, 10.1%; EDC, 7.7%; radiation therapy, 8.7%; and cryosurgery, 7.5%.

• #5 Basal cell carcinoma – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354193

  In order to assess any growths or changes in your skin, your doctor or a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist) will conduct a medical history and exam. […] Your doctor will conduct a general physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history, changes in your skin, or any other signs or symptoms you’ve experienced. […] Your doctor will examine not only the suspicious area on your skin but also the rest of your body for other lesions. […] Your doctor may do a skin biopsy, which involves removing a small sample of a lesion for testing in a laboratory. This will reveal whether you have skin cancer and, if so, what type of skin cancer. The type of skin biopsy you undergo will depend on the type and size of the lesion. […] Basal cell carcinoma is most often treated with surgery to remove all of the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it.

• #6 Skin cancer types: Basal cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/bcc/treatment

  If you find a spot on your skin that you think could be a skin cancer, an accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. The following explains how dermatologists diagnose and treat the most common type of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). […] When you see a board-certified dermatologist, your dermatologist will: Examine your skin carefully. Ask questions about your health, medications, and symptoms. […] Having a skin biopsy is the only way to know for sure whether you have any type of skin cancer. After your dermatologist removes the spot, a doctor, such as your dermatologist or a dermatopathologist, will examine it under a high-powered microscope. The doctor is looking for cancer cells. […] If the doctor sees cancerous basal cells, the diagnosis is basal cell carcinoma. […] After the doctor examines the removed skin under a microscope, the doctor writes a report. Called a biopsy report or a pathology report, this document explains in medical terms what was seen under the microscope.

• #7 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis

  An infiltrative basal cell carcinoma under the microscope. […] In order to determine if you have skin cancer, your doctor will take a complete medical history, which includes asking you about: your past exposure to the sun, any exposure to other known causes of skin cancer, your personal or family history of skin conditions, when you first noticed the mark, if the mark has changed at all in size or appearance. […] If your doctor thinks that a particular patch of skin should be checked further, youll likely have a biopsy, which is usually done in the doctors office, with a local anesthetic. […] In a biopsy, all or part of the spot or growth is removed, and the tissue sample is sent to a laboratory, where a pathologist (a specialist who examines the tissue for signs of cancer) examines it. If cancer is found, your doctor will discuss with you the different options and recommendations for basal cell carcinoma treatment, based on the cancers features.

• #8 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Tests | Skin Cancer Biopsy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html

  Most basal and squamous cell skin cancers are brought to a doctors attention because of signs or symptoms a person is having. […] If you have an abnormal area that might be skin cancer, your doctor will examine it and might do tests to find out if it is cancer or some other skin condition. […] If skin cancer is found and theres a chance it might have spread to other areas of the body, other tests might be done as well. […] Usually the first step is for your doctor to ask about your symptoms, such as when the mark first appeared on the skin, if it has changed in size or appearance, and if it has been painful, itchy, or bleeding. […] The doctor may also feel the nearby lymph nodes, which are bean-sized collections of immune system cells under the skin in certain areas. Some skin cancers can spread to lymph nodes. When this happens, the nodes might be felt as lumps under the skin.

• #9 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Symptoms | Skin Cancer Signs | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Basal cell cancers (BCCs) usually develop on areas exposed to the sun, especially the face, head, neck, and arms, but they can occur anywhere on the body. […] If you have a sore or cut that is taking longer than a week or so to heal, check with your doctor, because it could be a sign of basal cell skin cancer. […] Wu PA. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. UpToDate. 2023. Accessed at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-basal-cell-carcinoma on August 23, 2023.

• #10 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/basal-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354187

  Basal cell carcinoma usually develops on sun-exposed parts of your body, especially your head and neck. […] Make an appointment with your health care provider if you observe changes in the appearance of your skin, such as a new growth, a change in a previous growth or a recurring sore. […] Basal cell carcinoma occurs when one of the skin’s basal cells develops a mutation in its DNA. […] The process of creating new skin cells is controlled by a basal cell’s DNA. The DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The mutation tells the basal cell to multiply rapidly and continue growing when it would normally die. Eventually the accumulating abnormal cells may form a cancerous tumor the lesion that appears on the skin. […] Much of the damage to DNA in basal cells is thought to result from ultraviolet (UV) radiation found in sunlight and in commercial tanning lamps and tanning beds.

• #11 Diagnosis and Treatment of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0715/p161.html

  Basal cell carcinoma most commonly appears as a pearly white, dome-shaped papule with prominent telangiectatic surface vessels. […] Initial tissue sampling for diagnosis involves a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or a 2- to 4-mm punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing area of skin. […] Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, with incidence estimates ranging from 124 to 849 per 100,000 persons per year, depending on geographic location. […] Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with Mohs micrographic surgery has the lowest recurrence rate. […] Smaller nodular tumors that are located outside of the H region of the face, which includes the nose, eyelids, chin, jaw, and ear, can be appropriately treated with standard surgical excision. […] The recurrence rate for tumors treated with Mohs micrographic surgery is approximately 1 percent at five years, whereas standard surgical excision has an approximately 5 percent recurrence rate at five years.

• #12 Basal Cell and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p339.html

  Keratinocyte carcinoma, traditionally referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer, includes basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and is the most common skin cancer malignancy found in humans. […] Basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a shiny, pearly papule with a smooth surface, rolled borders, and arborizing telangiectatic surface vessels. […] Initial tissue sampling for diagnosis is a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or a punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing area of skin. […] The concordance between the subtype identified on a biopsy specimen vs. excision is 60% to 80%. […] Multiple biopsy techniques are available for sampling lesions suspected to be carcinomas. Initial tissue sampling is typically performed using a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or using a punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing skin.

• #13 Basal Cell Carcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  Utilize appropriate diagnostic tools: Dermatoscopy is crucial for accurate BCC diagnosis and subtype identification. […] Patients with BCC often present with a suspicious lesion located on an area of skin that is exposed to UV radiation. This includes the face and neck, as well as the upper and lower extremities. […] When evaluating a patient with suspected BCC, clinicians need to know the telltale signs of the various BCC subtypes. […] Evaluation of suspected BCC should begin with a skin examination and dermatoscopy of any lesions. A dermatoscopic examination can help distinguish BCC from other skin malignancies and conditions. […] Dermatoscopic findings can help clinicians confirm a BCC diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype. […] Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are relatively new noninvasive imaging techniques used to help diagnose for BCC. These techniques use near infrared or infrared light to provide high-quality images of skin lesions in real time.

• #14 Diagnosing Basal & Squamous Cell Skin Cancers | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/basal-squamous-cell-skin-cancers/diagnosis

  NYU Langone doctors diagnose basal and squamous cell skin cancers with a physical exam and the results of biopsy. […] A dermatologist can sometimes tell by looking at the skin whether you might have a basal or squamous cell carcinoma. He or she may also find precancerous growths called actinic keratoses. […] The doctor can also perform dermoscopy, in which he or she examines your skin with a dermatoscope, a device that features a lens that lights and magnifies the skin. This allows him or her to look deeper into the skin to see the distinguishing features of a basal or squamous cell cancer or an actinic keratosis. […] Any suspicious growths are biopsied, meaning tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. A dermatopathologist, a doctor who specializes in identifying skin diseases under a microscope, looks for signs of basal and squamous cell cancers or an actinic keratosis.

• #15 Basal cell carcinoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  All patients with suspected BCC should undergo a full-body skin examination. […] Dermoscopy can support visual inspection of lesions. […] A skin biopsy is required for diagnostic confirmation and risk stratification. […] Biopsy all lesions suspicious for BCC. […] The biopsy specimen should include the deep reticular dermis. […] Further evaluation for regional, nodal, or distant metastasis may be required in patients with high-risk BCC; see Staging of BCC for details. […] Arborizing (branching) blood vessels […] Ulceration […] Crystalline structures (i.e., shiny white areas or streaks) […] A full-thickness excisional biopsy is preferred for lesions with pigmented features of BCC to rule out melanoma. […] Ensure adequate sample size and depth (including the deep reticular dermis) for histopathological examination; if not, a repeat biopsy may be required.

• #16 Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review on Contemporary Diagnosis and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9681969/

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common, accounting for 8090% of skin cancers. […] Expeditious diagnosis and analysis are essential for improving the outcome of BCC. […] Inspection by a physician and dermoscopy are used to make a preliminary diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Biopsy with histopathologic examination confirms the diagnosis. […] The pathologic diagnosis with classification as low- or high-risk basal cell carcinoma will guide treatment. […] Patients with BCC benefit from standardized follow-up because it allows for early diagnosis of local recurrence and secondary malignancies. […] Inspection is first process for diagnosis of BCC followed by dermoscopy with confirmation by biopsy and histopathologic examination. […] BCCs are distinguished histologically by the multiplication of propagating homogeneous basaloid cells with a hyperchromatic nucleus and a small quantity of poorly defined cytoplasm, peripheral palisading and retraction artifact. […] The current review aims to evaluate the contemporary methods of detection and integrated treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

• #17 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/2/10

  Initial tissue sampling involves a shave technique for elevated lesions or a 2 to 4-mm punch biopsy of the most abnormal-looking area. […] Radiology is vital in the evaluation and staging of locally advanced and/or metastatic BCC. MRI is the modality of choice for the assessment of local advancement and for estimating perineural disease and is equivalent or of higher calibre to CT for assessing bony involvement. […] This is a non-invasive, in vivo technique that enhances the diagnostic accuracy of benign versus malignant cutaneous lesions. It helps the distinction between BCC and other pigmented cutaneous tumours like malignant melanoma and seborrheic keratosis. The diagnostic accuracy ranges from 95% to 99%. […] The prime objective of treatment is to excise the tumour completely. Other treatment modalities include cryotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs, laser treatment or locally applicable chemotherapeutic agents. Management is dependent on factors like the site of the tumour, age, presence of comorbidities and the clinical/pathological variant of the lesion.

• #18 Skin cancer types: Basal cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/bcc/treatment

  If you find a spot on your skin that you think could be a skin cancer, an accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. The following explains how dermatologists diagnose and treat the most common type of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). […] When you see a board-certified dermatologist, your dermatologist will: Examine your skin carefully. Ask questions about your health, medications, and symptoms. […] Having a skin biopsy is the only way to know for sure whether you have any type of skin cancer. After your dermatologist removes the spot, a doctor, such as your dermatologist or a dermatopathologist, will examine it under a high-powered microscope. The doctor is looking for cancer cells. […] If the doctor sees cancerous basal cells, the diagnosis is basal cell carcinoma. […] After the doctor examines the removed skin under a microscope, the doctor writes a report. Called a biopsy report or a pathology report, this document explains in medical terms what was seen under the microscope.

• #19 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis – Skin Cancer Consortium for Advocacy, Research, & Education

  https://skincancerinfo.org/bcc-diagnosis/

  If your healthcare provider suspects you have a basal cell carcinoma (BCC), you should be referred to a dermatologist. If your BCC is found early, it can usually be treated in the dermatologists office during a single visit. […] Your dermatologist will take a medical history, addressing your sun-exposure history, any other relevant medical information, and your (as well as your familys) history of any other skin cancers. […] The dermatologist will determine if you need a skin biopsy. S/he will numb the skin and take part or all of the spot. Biopsy is the only way to know whether the spot is actually cancer or not. That sample will be examined by a specialist who will look at the tissue under the microscope. […] After the biopsy is completed, it will be sent to a pathology laboratory where it will be examined by a pathologist or dermatopathologist under a microscope to determine whether you have a skin cancer. A pathologist is a medical professional who uses laboratory tests and direct evaluation of cells, tissues, and organs to diagnose disease. A dermatopathologist specializes in skin pathology, a subspecialty of pathology and dermatology.

• #20 Diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/diagnosis

  Diagnosis is the process of finding out the cause of a health problem. Diagnosing cancer often means first ruling out other health conditions that share similar symptoms with cancer. […] Diagnosing non-melanoma skin cancer usually begins with a visit to your family doctor. Your doctor will ask you about any signs or symptoms you have and will do a skin exam. Based on this information, your doctor will refer you to a specialist, such as a dermatologist or surgeon. […] The following tests are usually used to rule out or diagnose non-melanoma skin cancer. […] A skin exam allows your doctor to look for any signs of skin cancer or an abnormal area of skin. […] During a skin biopsy, the doctor removes tissues or cells from the skin so they can be tested in a lab. A report from a pathologist will show whether or not cancer cells are found in the sample. […] An excisional biopsy (a type of surgical biopsy) removes the entire growth or abnormal area using a scalpel. It is usually done when the doctor thinks the whole growth or area needs to be examined to make a proper diagnosis.

• #21 Diagnosis and Treatment of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0715/p161.html

  Basal cell carcinoma most commonly appears as a pearly white, dome-shaped papule with prominent telangiectatic surface vessels. […] Initial tissue sampling for diagnosis involves a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or a 2- to 4-mm punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing area of skin. […] Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, with incidence estimates ranging from 124 to 849 per 100,000 persons per year, depending on geographic location. […] Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with Mohs micrographic surgery has the lowest recurrence rate. […] Smaller nodular tumors that are located outside of the H region of the face, which includes the nose, eyelids, chin, jaw, and ear, can be appropriately treated with standard surgical excision. […] The recurrence rate for tumors treated with Mohs micrographic surgery is approximately 1 percent at five years, whereas standard surgical excision has an approximately 5 percent recurrence rate at five years.

• #22 Basal Cell and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p339.html

  Keratinocyte carcinoma, traditionally referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer, includes basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and is the most common skin cancer malignancy found in humans. […] Basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a shiny, pearly papule with a smooth surface, rolled borders, and arborizing telangiectatic surface vessels. […] Initial tissue sampling for diagnosis is a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or a punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing area of skin. […] The concordance between the subtype identified on a biopsy specimen vs. excision is 60% to 80%. […] Multiple biopsy techniques are available for sampling lesions suspected to be carcinomas. Initial tissue sampling is typically performed using a shave technique if the lesion is raised, or using a punch biopsy of the most abnormal-appearing skin.

• #23 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  Given that basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes, laboratory and imaging studies are not commonly clinically indicated in patients presenting with localized lesions. Imaging studies may be necessary when involvement of deeper structures is clinically suspected. In such cases, CT scans can be used for assessment of bone, and MRI for suspected soft-tissue or perineural involvement. […] A skin biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most often, a shave biopsy is all that is required. Nevertheless, in the case of a pigmented lesion where there may be difficulty distinguishing between pigmented BCC and melanoma, an excisional or punch biopsy may be indicated; this is to ensure that the depth of the lesion can be determined if it proves to be a malignant melanoma.

• #24 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  Given that basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes, laboratory and imaging studies are not commonly clinically indicated in patients presenting with localized lesions. Imaging studies may be necessary when involvement of deeper structures is clinically suspected. In such cases, CT scans can be used for assessment of bone, and MRI for suspected soft-tissue or perineural involvement. […] A skin biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most often, a shave biopsy is all that is required. Nevertheless, in the case of a pigmented lesion where there may be difficulty distinguishing between pigmented BCC and melanoma, an excisional or punch biopsy may be indicated; this is to ensure that the depth of the lesion can be determined if it proves to be a malignant melanoma.

• #25 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/269

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) clinically presents as a pearly white/pink papulo-nodule or firm plaque. […] Diagnosis of a cancer is histological. Findings are of dermal masses of varying sizes and shapes composed of basophilic cells with large oval rather uniform nuclei and scant cytoplasm. These masses exhibit a peripheral cell layer demonstrating a palisading pattern of nuclei. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, papules with associated telangiectasias, plaques, nodules, and tumours with rolled borders, small crusts and non-healing wounds, non-healing scabs, and pearly papules and/or plaques. […] 1st investigations to order include biopsy for dermatohistopathology. […] Emerging tests include in vivo multiphoton microscopy.

• #26 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/269

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) clinically presents as a pearly white/pink papulo-nodule or firm plaque. […] Diagnosis of a cancer is histologic. Findings are of dermal masses of varying sizes and shapes composed of basophilic cells with large oval rather uniform nuclei and scant cytoplasm. These masses exhibit a peripheral cell layer demonstrating a palisading pattern of nuclei. […] Key diagnostic factors include papules with associated telangiectasias, plaques, nodules, and tumors with rolled borders, small crusts and nonhealing wounds, nonhealing scabs, and pearly papules and/or plaques. […] 1st tests to order include biopsy for dermatohistopathology. […] Emerging tests include in vivo multiphoton microscopy.

• #27 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-overview

  Histologically, BCC is divided into the following 2 categories: Undifferentiated: When there is little or no differentiation, the carcinoma is referred to as solid BCC; this form includes pigmented BCC, superficial BCC, sclerosing BCC, and infiltrative BCC (a histologic subtype). Differentiated: Differentiated BCC often has slight differentiation toward hair (keratotic BCC), sebaceous glands (BCC with sebaceous differentiation), and tubular glands (adenoid BCC); noduloulcerative (nodular) BCC is usually differentiated. […] In nearly all cases of BCC, surgery is the recommended treatment modality. Techniques used include the following: Electrodesiccation and curettage, Excisional surgery, Mohs micrographically controlled surgery, Cryosurgery. […] A skin biopsy (most often a shave biopsy is sufficient) may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and is often required to determine the histologic subtype of BCC. […] The prognosis for patients with BCC is excellent, with a 100% survival rate for cases that have not spread to other sites. Nevertheless, if BCC is allowed to progress, it can result in significant morbidity, and cosmetic disfigurement is not uncommon.

• #28 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  To accurately and definitively diagnose BCC of the eyelid, histological confirmation is required and is most commonly obtained through excisional (shave or punch) biopsy, which provides more information regarding the histologic subtype of BCC. Cytology does provide a rapid alternative that may yield and even help confirm a diagnosis during the initial visit, however. […] Histologically, BCC is divided into two categories: undifferentiated and differentiated. When there is little or no differentiation, it is referred to as solid BCC and includes pigmented BCC, superficial BCC, sclerosing BCC, and infiltrative BCC (a histologic subtype). […] Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes and is usually not staged, unless the cancer is very large and is suspected of spreading to other parts of the body. BCC staging may be similar to the staging of squamous cell carcinoma, which is according to the following scheme:

• #29

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/books/skin-cancer-prevention-early-diagnosis-courses/course-readings/skin-cancer-early-diagnosis-readings/basal-cell-carcinoma

  Basal cell carcinoma has no precursor lesion. The earliest lesions of basal cell carcinoma are generally seen as a small pink papule sometimes only 1 to 3 mm across. This papule commonly bleeds on minor trauma such as dragging a fingernail across it. This can be a useful diagnostic sign in the identification of an early basal cell carcinoma, particularly if the small papule has been present for many months and is thus obviously not a simple folliculitis. […] As basal cell carcinomas grow the most common types develop the more characteristic nodularity, translucency, and telangiectasia. […] There are four main clinical variants of basal cell carcinoma. These are nodular, superficial spreading, sclerosing and pigmented basal cell carcinomas. […] Nodular basal cell carcinoma is clinically manifested as a translucent nodule, often with telangiectatic vessels being very evident.

• #30 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis

  When any type of cancer is diagnosed, its classified according to certain characteristics. Basal cell carcinomas are classified based on the risk of recurrence (the likelihood of it coming back after treatment), which depends mostly on where the tumor is located. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be high risk (likely to come back after treatment) if: they are located in the middle or central part of the face, such as the eyelids, nose, ears, and lips; they have come back after first treatment; they are wider than 2 centimeters. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be a low risk for coming back if: they are small and superficial (limited to the upper level of the skin, where they originated); they have a clear, defined edge; they havent been treated before.

• #31 One-Stop Shop: Diagnosis and Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma in One Step

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/13/3830

  Monitoring the tumor margins of basal cell carcinomas is still a challenge in everyday clinical practice. […] Today, most patients undergo a biopsy when they have a lesion suspicious for BCC to confirm the diagnosis and plan the following treatment. […] A standardized safety distance to the BCC is used for the margin mapping before excision, so it can be recognized that the procedure is not yet very individual. […] For this reason, many colleagues believe that the invention of new noninvasive skin imaging technologies is needed to address these and future socio-economic challenges. […] The idea of the one-stop shop concept (OSS-C) is the combination of the diagnosis and treatment of the patient in one day regardless of the method used for diagnostics or the type of therapy. […] This concept was already tested in one study for BCC where they diagnosed BCC with fresh-frozen biopsy and immediately performed surgery or local therapy (photodynamic therapy).

• #32 One-Stop Shop: Diagnosis and Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma in One Step

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/13/3830

  The various methods that can be used and that influence these factors are presented below. […] This procedure has already been shown to be an alternative to punch biopsy for the diagnosis of BCC, which can reduce unnecessarily invasive methods. […] In 2021, a consensus statement was published defining the characteristic features of BCC in OCT, such as hyporeflective areas, hyperreflective areas and ovoid structures, as well as other criteria for distinguishing the subtypes and differential diagnoses. […] RCM is a well-studied method for assessing skin lesions in dermatology. […] RCM has also been tested by Navarrete-Dechent et al. for its ability to reveal tumor remnants of BCC after biopsy in 61 patients without clinically visible residuals, which could likely avoid unnecessary surgery.

• #33 Basal Cell Carcinoma Symptoms & Diagnosis | Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute

  https://baptisthealth.net/services/cancer-care/miami-cancer-institute/our-approach/adult-cancers/skin-cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-and-diagnosis

  Biopsy to examine tumor tissues to determine the specific kind of cancer present […] Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) to create a radiation-free image of the skin lesion that is similar to a microscopic image obtained by a pathologist in a lab […] Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to capture a 3D image of a skin lesion and its thickness using a light beam that reflects and collects light from the surface to form the image.

• #34 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/269

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) clinically presents as a pearly white/pink papulo-nodule or firm plaque. […] Diagnosis of a cancer is histological. Findings are of dermal masses of varying sizes and shapes composed of basophilic cells with large oval rather uniform nuclei and scant cytoplasm. These masses exhibit a peripheral cell layer demonstrating a palisading pattern of nuclei. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, papules with associated telangiectasias, plaques, nodules, and tumours with rolled borders, small crusts and non-healing wounds, non-healing scabs, and pearly papules and/or plaques. […] 1st investigations to order include biopsy for dermatohistopathology. […] Emerging tests include in vivo multiphoton microscopy.

• #35 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/269

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) clinically presents as a pearly white/pink papulo-nodule or firm plaque. […] Diagnosis of a cancer is histologic. Findings are of dermal masses of varying sizes and shapes composed of basophilic cells with large oval rather uniform nuclei and scant cytoplasm. These masses exhibit a peripheral cell layer demonstrating a palisading pattern of nuclei. […] Key diagnostic factors include papules with associated telangiectasias, plaques, nodules, and tumors with rolled borders, small crusts and nonhealing wounds, nonhealing scabs, and pearly papules and/or plaques. […] 1st tests to order include biopsy for dermatohistopathology. […] Emerging tests include in vivo multiphoton microscopy.

• #36 One-Stop Shop: Diagnosis and Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma in One Step

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/13/3830

  Attempts were also made to use in vivo RCM for margin mapping. […] The RCM procedure has already been tested in a one-stop shop concept where the diagnosis of a BCC and its subtype was confirmed using RCM. […] The OSS-M integrates subtyping, preoperative and postoperative margin control of BCCs into a single session, aiming to streamline the treatment process, minimize unnecessary surgery defects, and reduce the need for re-excisions. […] The choice of the device is therefore still the personal decision of the examiner, depending on his or her preferences, but above all, on the choice between RCM, OCT, and LC-OCT.

• #37 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  Given that basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes, laboratory and imaging studies are not commonly clinically indicated in patients presenting with localized lesions. Imaging studies may be necessary when involvement of deeper structures is clinically suspected. In such cases, CT scans can be used for assessment of bone, and MRI for suspected soft-tissue or perineural involvement. […] A skin biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most often, a shave biopsy is all that is required. Nevertheless, in the case of a pigmented lesion where there may be difficulty distinguishing between pigmented BCC and melanoma, an excisional or punch biopsy may be indicated; this is to ensure that the depth of the lesion can be determined if it proves to be a malignant melanoma.

• #38 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  Given that basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes, laboratory and imaging studies are not commonly clinically indicated in patients presenting with localized lesions. Imaging studies may be necessary when involvement of deeper structures is clinically suspected. In such cases, CT scans can be used for assessment of bone, and MRI for suspected soft-tissue or perineural involvement. […] A skin biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histologic subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most often, a shave biopsy is all that is required. Nevertheless, in the case of a pigmented lesion where there may be difficulty distinguishing between pigmented BCC and melanoma, an excisional or punch biopsy may be indicated; this is to ensure that the depth of the lesion can be determined if it proves to be a malignant melanoma.

• #39 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Tests | Skin Cancer Biopsy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html

  If the doctor thinks that a suspicious area might be skin cancer, the area (or part of it) will be removed and sent to a lab to be looked at under a microscope. This is called a skin biopsy. […] Skin biopsies are done using a local anesthetic (numbing medicine), which is injected into the area with a very small needle. […] It isn’t common for a basal or squamous cell cancer to spread beyond the skin, but if it does it usually goes first to nearby lymph nodes, which are bean-sized collections of immune cells. […] If your doctor feels lymph nodes under the skin near the tumor that are too large or too firm, a lymph node biopsy may be done to find out if cancer has spread to them. […] But if your doctor thinks you might be at risk for the cancer spreading outside the skin, imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan might be done.

• #40 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/2/10

  Initial tissue sampling involves a shave technique for elevated lesions or a 2 to 4-mm punch biopsy of the most abnormal-looking area. […] Radiology is vital in the evaluation and staging of locally advanced and/or metastatic BCC. MRI is the modality of choice for the assessment of local advancement and for estimating perineural disease and is equivalent or of higher calibre to CT for assessing bony involvement. […] This is a non-invasive, in vivo technique that enhances the diagnostic accuracy of benign versus malignant cutaneous lesions. It helps the distinction between BCC and other pigmented cutaneous tumours like malignant melanoma and seborrheic keratosis. The diagnostic accuracy ranges from 95% to 99%. […] The prime objective of treatment is to excise the tumour completely. Other treatment modalities include cryotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs, laser treatment or locally applicable chemotherapeutic agents. Management is dependent on factors like the site of the tumour, age, presence of comorbidities and the clinical/pathological variant of the lesion.

• #41 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis

  When any type of cancer is diagnosed, its classified according to certain characteristics. Basal cell carcinomas are classified based on the risk of recurrence (the likelihood of it coming back after treatment), which depends mostly on where the tumor is located. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be high risk (likely to come back after treatment) if: they are located in the middle or central part of the face, such as the eyelids, nose, ears, and lips; they have come back after first treatment; they are wider than 2 centimeters. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be a low risk for coming back if: they are small and superficial (limited to the upper level of the skin, where they originated); they have a clear, defined edge; they havent been treated before.

• #42 Basal Cell and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p339.html

  The Brigham and Women’s Hospital tumor classification system can determine the stage of CSCC based on tumor risk factors. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has developed a stratification framework that offers practical guidance for clinicians in distinguishing BCC and CSCC at low vs. high risk of recurrence. […] Treatment of BCC with Mohs micrographic surgery has the lowest recurrence rate. […] The recurrence rate for tumors treated with Mohs surgery is 4.4% at 10 years, whereas standard surgical excision has a 12.2% recurrence rate at 10 years. […] Incomplete excision of the primary tumor (i.e., pathology demonstrating tumor at the surgical margin) should be followed by immediate reexcision or Mohs micrographic surgery because it is difficult to control recurrent BCC. […] After diagnosis, screening of the patient for new primary skin cancers, including BCC, CSCC, and melanoma, should be performed at least once per year.

• #43 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis

  When any type of cancer is diagnosed, its classified according to certain characteristics. Basal cell carcinomas are classified based on the risk of recurrence (the likelihood of it coming back after treatment), which depends mostly on where the tumor is located. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be high risk (likely to come back after treatment) if: they are located in the middle or central part of the face, such as the eyelids, nose, ears, and lips; they have come back after first treatment; they are wider than 2 centimeters. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be a low risk for coming back if: they are small and superficial (limited to the upper level of the skin, where they originated); they have a clear, defined edge; they havent been treated before.

• #44 Basal Cell Carcinoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Skin Biopsy, Cytology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-workup

  High-risk BCCs include the following: Recurrent or incompletely excised BCC; Primary BCC with clinically indistinct borders; Lesions in high-risk (the H, or mask) areas, mainly the embryonic fusion planes (eg, eyelids, nose, ear, nasolabial folds, upper lip, vermillion border, columella, periorbital region, temples, preauricular and postauricular areas, and scalp).

• #45 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/basal-cell-carcinoma/diagnosis

  When any type of cancer is diagnosed, its classified according to certain characteristics. Basal cell carcinomas are classified based on the risk of recurrence (the likelihood of it coming back after treatment), which depends mostly on where the tumor is located. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be high risk (likely to come back after treatment) if: they are located in the middle or central part of the face, such as the eyelids, nose, ears, and lips; they have come back after first treatment; they are wider than 2 centimeters. […] Basal cell carcinomas are considered to be a low risk for coming back if: they are small and superficial (limited to the upper level of the skin, where they originated); they have a clear, defined edge; they havent been treated before.

• #46 Skin Cancer Diagnosis | Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center | Jacksonville, FL

  https://www.baptistmdanderson.com/cancer-types/skin-diagnosis/

  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, and occurs when cancer cells form in your skin tissue. […] The main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Skin color and sun exposure can increase your risk of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are broken down into five stages, from stage 0 to stage IV. Staging for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin depends on where the cancer formed. […] Once you know the stage of your skin cancer, you and your doctor can use this information to decide on the best treatment plan for you. Tests and procedures that may be used in the skin cancer staging process include: Physical exam, Chest X-ray, Blood tests, Ultrasound exam, Removal of lymph nodes (sentinel lymph node biopsy), MRI, PET scan, CT scan.

• #47 Basal Cell Carcinoma | Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  Lymph node biopsy: In the rare cases that basal cell carcinoma spreads beyond the skin, it typically goes first to nearby lymph nodes. If this is suspected, a small sample of the nearest lymph node might be removed for microscopic evaluation. […] Because basal cell carcinomas are virtually always cured before they spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, they are not typically staged.

• #48 BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (BCC) – Melanoma Canada

  https://melanomacanada.ca/diagnosis-and-treatment/basal-cell-carcinoma-bcc/

  BCCs are usually diagnosed by their appearance, or by examination using a dermatoscope. […] To confirm a diagnosis of BCC a doctor will perform several tests including physical exams or a biopsy and ask questions about your history with suntanning or sunbeds. […] Once all tests have been completed and pathology reports have been received, doctors will try to figure out if the cancer has spread, and if so, how far. Theyll do a TMN test that checks the thickness of the tumour, lymph node involvement and metastasis.

• #49 Skin cancer types: Basal cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/bcc/treatment

  If you find a spot on your skin that you think could be a skin cancer, an accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. The following explains how dermatologists diagnose and treat the most common type of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). […] When you see a board-certified dermatologist, your dermatologist will: Examine your skin carefully. Ask questions about your health, medications, and symptoms. […] Having a skin biopsy is the only way to know for sure whether you have any type of skin cancer. After your dermatologist removes the spot, a doctor, such as your dermatologist or a dermatopathologist, will examine it under a high-powered microscope. The doctor is looking for cancer cells. […] If the doctor sees cancerous basal cells, the diagnosis is basal cell carcinoma. […] After the doctor examines the removed skin under a microscope, the doctor writes a report. Called a biopsy report or a pathology report, this document explains in medical terms what was seen under the microscope.

• #50 Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis – Skin Cancer Consortium for Advocacy, Research, & Education

  https://skincancerinfo.org/bcc-diagnosis/

  The specialist looking at your biopsy writes a report called a pathology report. The pathology report will contain some key information about the biopsy, such as the following: Whether the specialist thinks it is cancer or not, If there is cancer, what type, The stage of the cancer based on the tumor characteristics, Whether the cancer has any high-risk/aggressive features.

• #51 Basal cell carcinoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  To optimize the quality of the pathology report, biopsy samples should include the following: […] Patient demographics […] Presence of risk factors for BCC […] Size and morphology of the lesion […] Initial sample or repeat. […] Micronodular and infiltrative BCC may be clinically indistinguishable from superficial or nodular BCC. Histopathological examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

• #52 Basal Cell Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482439/

  Mohs surgery provides the best long-term cure rate of any treatment modality for BCC. […] Postoperative pathologic analysis with permanent sections follows standard surgical excision. […] A more recent treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic BCC that is untreatable with conventional therapeutic methods is Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. […] The FDA approved Vismodegib in 2012. […] The differential diagnosis of BCC includes adnexal tumors with follicular, sweat gland, or sebaceous differentiation and certain types of SCC. […] In these cases, histopathological helps to establish the diagnosis of BCC. […] BCC is rarely associated with a fatal outcome. Its prognosis is mainly related to its potential risk of recurrence after initial therapy. […] The risk of recurrence depends on BCC location and BCC clinical and histopathological features.

• #53 Basal Cell Carcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  The differential diagnosis of BCC should include the following: Actinic keratosis; Amelanotic melanoma; Bowens disease; Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; Guttate psoriasis; Lichenoid keratosis; Localized scleroderma; Merkel cell carcinoma; Molluscum contagiosum; Nummular eczema; Scarring; Sebaceous hyperplasia; Squamous cell carcinoma; and Trichoepithelioma. […] Basal cell carcinoma is primarily treated through complete surgical excision of the suspicious lesion. Mohs surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with recurrent or high-risk BCC. […] Evaluation of suspected BCC should begin with a skin examination and dermatoscopy of any lesions.

• #54 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/2/10

  The following are the common techniques and methods utilized for the management of BCC: Wide excision, curettage and electrodesiccation, Mohs micrographic surgery, cryosurgery and radiation, while topical application of imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil may provide a response in superficial BCC. […] Doubtful lesions always need to be biopsied.

• #55 Basal Cell Carcinoma Warning Signs and Images

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma/bcc-warning-signs-images/

  Understanding what basal cell carcinoma (BCC) looks like is important. With early detection and treatment, almost all basal cell skin cancers can be successfully removed without complications. […] Look out for BCC warning signs, including new, changing or unusual skin growths, so you can spot skin cancers early, when they are easiest to treat and cure. […] Check for BCCs where your skin is most exposed to the sun, especially the face, ears, neck, scalp, chest, shoulders and back, but remember that they can occur anywhere on the body. Frequently, two or more of these warning signs and symptoms are apparent in a BCC tumor. […] When in doubt, check it out. Follow your instincts and visit your dermatologist if you see anything new, changing or unusual on your skin. […] If you’ve already had a BCC, you are more likely to develop another, especially in the same sun-damaged area or nearby.

• #56 Basal Cell Carcinoma: What it is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4581-basal-cell-carcinoma

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that forms in the basal cells of your skin. […] Depending on the appearance of the skin lesion, your healthcare provider might immediately suspect a basal cell carcinoma diagnosis. To confirm the diagnosis, your provider will complete a physical exam and ask you questions about your symptoms, including: […] After a physical exam, your provider might offer tests to confirm a diagnosis, which could include: […] Your provider will determine the stage of your diagnosis after providing a physical exam and reviewing the results of your tests. […] Your provider will treat basal cell carcinoma by removing cancer from your body. […] If you dont receive treatment for basal cell carcinoma, the skin cancer can slowly grow in size and invade deeper tissues like muscle and bone and cartilage. […] The prognosis for people diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is excellent. […] Its important to contact a healthcare provider any time you have a skin problem that doesnt resolve on its own.

• #57 Basal Cell Carcinoma

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma/

  BCCs rarely spread beyond the original tumor site. But these lesions can grow and become disfiguring and dangerous. Untreated BCCs can become locally invasive, grow wide and deep into the skin and destroy skin, tissue and bone. The longer you wait to get treatment, the more likely it is that the BCC will recur, sometimes repeatedly. […] Basal cell carcinoma is quite common. The number of reported cases in the U.S. has steadily increased. An estimated 3.6 million Americans are diagnosed with BCC each year. More than one out of every three new cancers are skin cancers, and the vast majority are BCCs. The diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers, including BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), increased up to 77 percent between 1994 and 2014.

• #58 A Guide to Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis | DSCC

  https://www.miamidermcenter.com/2023/07/14/a-comprehensive-guide-to-basal-cell-carcinoma-diagnosis/

  Early diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma can help reduce the risk of it spreading and causing more serious complications. […] Accurate basal cell carcinoma diagnosis in Florida? Look no further than the trusted Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center in Coral Gables. Dr. T.J. Giuffrida heads our expert team in serving patients like you. Dr. Giuffrida is one of the very few fellowship-trained, board-certified skin cancer surgeons who perform Mohs surgery.

• #59 What you should know about basal cell carcinoma

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-should-know-about-basal-cell-carcinoma/2023/03

  Basal cell carcinoma can take many different forms. Often it starts as a sore or a pimple that begins to bleed and doesn’t heal. […] A dermatologist can often accurately diagnose suspicious lesions based on how they appear. Once a lesion of concern is identified, a skin biopsy is usually done to determine if it is cancerous. A biopsy is a minor procedure. The lesion is numbed with an injectable numbing medication. Then, a small piece is typically shaved off with a sterile blade and sent to the lab. […] When found early, this type of skin cancer is highly treatable. Most basal cell carcinomas grow slowly, do not spread in the bloodstream or lymph nodes and are typically not a threat to life if they are not neglected. […] With early detection and treatment, almost all basal cell carcinomas can be successfully removed without complications.

• #60 Basal Cell Carcinoma Warning Signs and Images

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma/bcc-warning-signs-images/

  A BCC can recur even when it has been carefully removed the first time, because some cancer cells may remain undetectable after surgery and others can form roots that extend beyond what’s visible. BCCs on the nose, ears and lips are more likely to recur, usually within the first two years after surgery. […] Be on the lookout: Pay particular attention to any previously treated site, note changes and consult with your dermatologist. If the BCC does return, your doctor may recommend a different type of treatment, such as Mohs surgery, a highly effective way to prevent and treat recurrences. […] See your dermatologist annually for a professional skin exam. Self-exams do not take the place of a specialist who is skilled at identifying and treating abnormal skin growths.

• #61 Basal cell carcinoma – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/basal-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354187

  A lot of time spent in the sun or in commercial tanning beds increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma. […] If you’ve had basal cell carcinoma one or more times, you have a good chance of developing it again. […] Basal cell carcinomas commonly recur, even after successful treatment. […] A history of basal cell carcinoma may also increase the chance of developing other types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma. […] To reduce your risk of basal cell carcinoma you can: Check your skin regularly and report changes to your doctor. Examine your skin often for new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks.

• #62 Basal Cell and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p339.html

  The Brigham and Women’s Hospital tumor classification system can determine the stage of CSCC based on tumor risk factors. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has developed a stratification framework that offers practical guidance for clinicians in distinguishing BCC and CSCC at low vs. high risk of recurrence. […] Treatment of BCC with Mohs micrographic surgery has the lowest recurrence rate. […] The recurrence rate for tumors treated with Mohs surgery is 4.4% at 10 years, whereas standard surgical excision has a 12.2% recurrence rate at 10 years. […] Incomplete excision of the primary tumor (i.e., pathology demonstrating tumor at the surgical margin) should be followed by immediate reexcision or Mohs micrographic surgery because it is difficult to control recurrent BCC. […] After diagnosis, screening of the patient for new primary skin cancers, including BCC, CSCC, and melanoma, should be performed at least once per year.

• #63 Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review on Contemporary Diagnosis and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9681969/

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common, accounting for 8090% of skin cancers. […] Expeditious diagnosis and analysis are essential for improving the outcome of BCC. […] Inspection by a physician and dermoscopy are used to make a preliminary diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Biopsy with histopathologic examination confirms the diagnosis. […] The pathologic diagnosis with classification as low- or high-risk basal cell carcinoma will guide treatment. […] Patients with BCC benefit from standardized follow-up because it allows for early diagnosis of local recurrence and secondary malignancies. […] Inspection is first process for diagnosis of BCC followed by dermoscopy with confirmation by biopsy and histopathologic examination. […] BCCs are distinguished histologically by the multiplication of propagating homogeneous basaloid cells with a hyperchromatic nucleus and a small quantity of poorly defined cytoplasm, peripheral palisading and retraction artifact. […] The current review aims to evaluate the contemporary methods of detection and integrated treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

• #64 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/2/10

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slow-growing, locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing, low-grade cutaneous neoplasm that arises from the epidermal basal layer and invades the adjoining tissues. It is the most common skin cancer. A biopsy should be performed on all lesions suspected of BCC. The primary aim of treatment is the complete excision of the tumour tissue. Other treatment modalities include cryotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs, laser treatment or locally applicable chemotherapeutic agents. Regular sunscreen use in childhood and adolescence seems more beneficial than in adulthood. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a low-grade cutaneous tumour that starts in the epidermal basal layer and invades the surrounding tissues. It is slow-growing, locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes. A tissue biopsy is frequently used to confirm the diagnosis.

• #65 Basal Cell Carcinoma Warning Signs and Images

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma/bcc-warning-signs-images/

  Understanding what basal cell carcinoma (BCC) looks like is important. With early detection and treatment, almost all basal cell skin cancers can be successfully removed without complications. […] Look out for BCC warning signs, including new, changing or unusual skin growths, so you can spot skin cancers early, when they are easiest to treat and cure. […] Check for BCCs where your skin is most exposed to the sun, especially the face, ears, neck, scalp, chest, shoulders and back, but remember that they can occur anywhere on the body. Frequently, two or more of these warning signs and symptoms are apparent in a BCC tumor. […] When in doubt, check it out. Follow your instincts and visit your dermatologist if you see anything new, changing or unusual on your skin. […] If you’ve already had a BCC, you are more likely to develop another, especially in the same sun-damaged area or nearby.

• #66 Basal Cell Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482439/

  Mohs surgery provides the best long-term cure rate of any treatment modality for BCC. […] Postoperative pathologic analysis with permanent sections follows standard surgical excision. […] A more recent treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic BCC that is untreatable with conventional therapeutic methods is Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. […] The FDA approved Vismodegib in 2012. […] The differential diagnosis of BCC includes adnexal tumors with follicular, sweat gland, or sebaceous differentiation and certain types of SCC. […] In these cases, histopathological helps to establish the diagnosis of BCC. […] BCC is rarely associated with a fatal outcome. Its prognosis is mainly related to its potential risk of recurrence after initial therapy. […] The risk of recurrence depends on BCC location and BCC clinical and histopathological features.

• #67 Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Non-melanoma skin cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/non-melanoma-skin-cancer

  BCC accounts for about 70% of non-melanoma skin cancers. […] Diagnosis is by biopsy (removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope). […] Usually a biopsy is sufficient to determine the stage of a non-melanoma skin cancer. […] An individual’s prognosis depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as their age and general health at the time of diagnosis. The majority of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are successfully treated.

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