Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17925-inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, fast-growing cancer that requires immediate treatment. Treatments include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. […] IBC grows fast and requires immediate treatment. Healthcare providers usually treat IBC with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. […] Inflammatory breast cancer treatments use a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. […] Chemotherapy for breast cancer uses drugs to kill cancer cells. You may receive chemo intravenously (through a vein) or as a pill. Chemotherapy shrinks cancer cells so they’re easier to remove during surgery. You may also receive chemotherapy after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain after surgery. […] Surgery removes your entire affected breast (mastectomy) and nearby lymph nodes. More conservative treatments that remove tissue while sparing your breast aren’t effective with IBC. The cancer spreads too quickly.

• #2 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Symptoms and Treatments | UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare type of breast cancer. […] Once IBC is diagnosed and staged, treatment begins right away. Cancer is treated using different methods. For other breast cancers, surgery is typically done first. But with IBC, treatment starts with chemotherapy. […] After these, you may have additional treatments. They may include: Hormonal therapy. Medicines are used to prevent certain hormones that your body makes from helping cancer cells grow. Targeted therapy. Medicines are used to block the growth of cancer cells that make certain proteins. Supportive care. This is care that helps improve the quality of life. […] Because stage IV IBC has spread beyond the breast to other parts of your body, treatment needs to work throughout your body. Most often chemotherapy is used. You may also get hormonal and targeted therapy. Supportive care is given, too. […] Talk with your doctor about what treatments are best for you. Make sure you ask how the treatment will change your daily life, including your diet, and how you will look and feel after treatment. Ask how successful the treatment is expected to be, and what the risks and possible side effects are.

• #3 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). In general, patients with IBC without distant metastatic disease are approached similarly to those with non-inflammatory LABC. The main exception is that breast conservation therapy (BCT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are inappropriate for patients with IBC, even in the presence of a strong response to neoadjuvant therapy. Given the relative rarity of this disease and the need for more information about the efficacy of drugs against IBC, inflammatory breast cancer patients should be made aware of clinical trials for which they are eligible. […] […] Multimodality therapy is standard for non-metastatic disease and includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation. Our approach to IBC without evidence of distant metastatic disease is summarized below. […]

• #4 International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference

  https://www.jcancer.org/v09p1437.htm

  National and international experts in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from high-volume centers treating IBC recently convened at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston Texas. A consensus on the clinical management of patients with IBC was discussed, summarized, and subsequently reviewed. […] Neoadjuvant systemic therapy, modified radical mastectomy and level I and II ipsilateral axillary node dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy, adjuvant targeted therapy and hormonal therapy as indicated, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC. […] Overall, there was substantial consensus for recommendation of workup including bilateral breast and nodal evaluation, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and medical photographs. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), modified radical mastectomy and level I and II axillary nodal dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy to the chest wall and nodal basin, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC.

• #5 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  How is inflammatory breast cancer treated? […] Inflammatory breast cancer is generally treated first with systemic chemotherapy to help shrink the tumor, then with surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy. This approach to treatment is called a multimodal approach. Studies have found that women with inflammatory breast cancer who are treated with a multimodal approach have better responses to therapy and longer survival. Treatments used in a multimodal approach may include those described below. […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: This type of chemotherapy is given before surgery and usually includes both anthracycline and taxane drugs. Doctors generally recommend that at least six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy be given over the course of 4 to 6 months before the tumor is removed, unless the disease continues to progress during this time and doctors decide that surgery should not be delayed.

• #6 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17925-inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Radiation therapy uses a machine to direct energy toward the cancer, destroying the cancer cells. After surgery, you may receive radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells that surgery may have missed. […] Depending on the characteristics of your cancer cells (discovered during the biopsy), you may receive treatments like targeted therapy, hormone therapy or immunotherapy. […] Targeted therapy zeroes in on specific weaknesses in cancer cells. It targets those weaknesses to destroy the cancer. […] Hormone therapy: Some types of cancer cells have hormone receptors that cause the cancer to grow in the presence of estrogen and progesterone. If your cancer cells have hormone receptors, your provider may prescribe treatments that block these hormones. […] Immunotherapy helps your body’s immune system identify and fight cancer cells. Studies have shown that some types of immunotherapy can improve the effectiveness of other IBC treatments, like chemotherapy. Research is ongoing.

• #7 What is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/9-questions-about-inflammatory-breast-cancer–answered.h00-159306990.html

  Still, there is much cause for hope. We continue to make inroads in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. And many though not all cases of inflammatory breast cancer can be cured. […] Systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy come first, to get the best results from surgery. […] After that, inflammatory breast cancer patients undergo a mastectomy, a surgery that removes all of the cancerous tissue involved. […] Finally, we use radiation therapy to target larger areas. […] Yes, definitely. Not all of it can be cured, of course. […] So, the sooner you can diagnose it and start treatment before it progresses to stage IV, the better chance you have of a cure. […] Because this disease is so rare and aggressive, where you go first for your inflammatory breast cancer treatment makes a big difference.

• #8 International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference

  https://www.jcancer.org/v09p1437.htm

  National and international experts in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from high-volume centers treating IBC recently convened at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston Texas. A consensus on the clinical management of patients with IBC was discussed, summarized, and subsequently reviewed. […] Neoadjuvant systemic therapy, modified radical mastectomy and level I and II ipsilateral axillary node dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy, adjuvant targeted therapy and hormonal therapy as indicated, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC. […] Overall, there was substantial consensus for recommendation of workup including bilateral breast and nodal evaluation, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and medical photographs. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), modified radical mastectomy and level I and II axillary nodal dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy to the chest wall and nodal basin, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC.

• #9 Inflammatory breast cancer information | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer can spread more quickly than other types of breast cancer. This means you often start treatment straight away. […] You will usually be offered a combination of treatments. These treat both the breast area (local treatment) and the body as a whole (systemic treatment). […] For most types of breast cancer, surgery is usually the first treatment. But for inflammatory breast cancer, you usually have chemotherapy first. Chemotherapy before surgery is called neo-adjuvant treatment. […] Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy for inflammatory breast cancer helps treat and control the cancer and reduces swelling. As the chemotherapy travels around the body, it can also treat cancer cells that may have spread. […] Treatment for inflammatory breast cancer usually includes chemotherapy drugs called anthracyclines, such as epirubicin or doxorubicin. You usually have 3 or 4 cycles of treatment with an anthracycline.

• #10 Patient education: Locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/locally-advanced-and-inflammatory-breast-cancer-beyond-the-basics/print

  Breast cancer is a very complex topic. An introduction to breast cancer and an overview of treatment is available elsewhere. […] This article will cover the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer, including inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). […] For inflammatory and non-inflammatory locally advanced breast cancers, this typically includes a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy must always be given before surgery in IBC. Preoperative (also called neoadjuvant) chemotherapy can successfully shrink the breast tumor. […] In IBC, a mastectomy is always recommended, even if the cancer responded well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and all signs of redness, discoloration, or swelling have resolved. After mastectomy, radiation therapy to the chest wall and lymph nodes is required.

• #11 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17925-inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, fast-growing cancer that requires immediate treatment. Treatments include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. […] IBC grows fast and requires immediate treatment. Healthcare providers usually treat IBC with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. […] Inflammatory breast cancer treatments use a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. […] Chemotherapy for breast cancer uses drugs to kill cancer cells. You may receive chemo intravenously (through a vein) or as a pill. Chemotherapy shrinks cancer cells so they’re easier to remove during surgery. You may also receive chemotherapy after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain after surgery. […] Surgery removes your entire affected breast (mastectomy) and nearby lymph nodes. More conservative treatments that remove tissue while sparing your breast aren’t effective with IBC. The cancer spreads too quickly.

• #12 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer benefits from many types of treatment performed either alone or in combination. Its important to seek care from a major medical center like Duke, where a team of medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists combines their expertise to create a personalized treatment approach for your cancer. One or more of the following treatments may be part of your plan. […] Chemotherapy is given systemically, usually through a port, to destroy as many cancer cells as possible before surgery. Chemotherapy that is given before surgery is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy. […] Surgical removal of the entire breast may be recommended following chemotherapy. […] Your surgical oncologist will remove several lymph nodes from under your arm. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. Adjuvant radiation therapy may be given after surgery to destroy the remaining cancer cells. Neoadjuvant radiation therapy may be given before surgery if the cancer did not respond to chemotherapy. Your team will help decide which approach is right for you.

• #13 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer treatment is often challenging due to its aggressive nature and the fact that it has typically already spread by the time of diagnosis. For stage 3 cases where the inflammatory breast cancer has not spread outside the breast or nearby lymph nodes, chemotherapy is often used first to shrink the tumor. Most women receive two different chemotherapies—anthracyclines (such as doxorubicin/Adriamycin) and taxanes (such as paclitaxel/Taxol or docetaxel/Taxotere)—either together or sequentially. […] Surgery (mastectomy and lymph node dissection) is usually the next step to remove the cancer. After surgery, a doctor may prescribe more chemotherapy and then radiation therapy or may proceed with radiation therapy alone. […] Hormone receptor-positive IBCs are treated with hormone therapy after chemotherapy.

• #14 Inflammatory breast cancer information | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer can spread more quickly than other types of breast cancer. This means you often start treatment straight away. […] You will usually be offered a combination of treatments. These treat both the breast area (local treatment) and the body as a whole (systemic treatment). […] For most types of breast cancer, surgery is usually the first treatment. But for inflammatory breast cancer, you usually have chemotherapy first. Chemotherapy before surgery is called neo-adjuvant treatment. […] Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy for inflammatory breast cancer helps treat and control the cancer and reduces swelling. As the chemotherapy travels around the body, it can also treat cancer cells that may have spread. […] Treatment for inflammatory breast cancer usually includes chemotherapy drugs called anthracyclines, such as epirubicin or doxorubicin. You usually have 3 or 4 cycles of treatment with an anthracycline.

• #15 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  How is inflammatory breast cancer treated? […] Inflammatory breast cancer is generally treated first with systemic chemotherapy to help shrink the tumor, then with surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy. This approach to treatment is called a multimodal approach. Studies have found that women with inflammatory breast cancer who are treated with a multimodal approach have better responses to therapy and longer survival. Treatments used in a multimodal approach may include those described below. […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: This type of chemotherapy is given before surgery and usually includes both anthracycline and taxane drugs. Doctors generally recommend that at least six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy be given over the course of 4 to 6 months before the tumor is removed, unless the disease continues to progress during this time and doctors decide that surgery should not be delayed.

• #16 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer is generally treated first with systemic chemotherapy to help shrink the tumor, then with surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy. This approach to treatment is called a multimodal approach. Studies have found that women with inflammatory breast cancer who are treated with a multimodal approach have better responses to therapy and longer survival. Treatments used in a multimodal approach may include those described below. […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: This type of chemotherapy is given before surgery and usually includes both anthracycline and taxane drugs. Doctors generally recommend that at least six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy be given over the course of 4 to 6 months before the tumor is removed, unless the disease continues to progress during this time and doctors decide that surgery should not be delayed.

• #17 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a serious and aggressive disease that can be difficult to manage depending on the hormone receptor (HR) status of the breast tumor and available treatment options. […] Treatment for IBC typically involves a multi-modal approach including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery (usually mastectomy), and radiation therapy. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are also employed based on hormone receptor status and genetic variants. […] The success of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in IBC is measured by the pathologic complete response (pCR) at surgery, defined as no residual disease after treatment in the breast and lymph nodes. […] Patients then undergo surgery to remove residual disease. […] Because of the prognostic value of pCR, if the tumor does not respond to chemotherapy, surgery is not performed. Instead, the patient may undergo a second round of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12609-020-00389-6

  International expert consensus panels and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) currently recommend a tri-modality treatment approach for IBC. This regimen includes PST, a modified radical mastectomy (MRM), and post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). […] The role of preoperative systemic therapy in locoregional management of IBC cannot be over-emphasized. Locoregional control is not simply a function of disease burden but heavily dependent on biologic subtype and response to primary systemic therapy. […] The incidence of pathologic complete response (pCR) varies by subtype, and achieving a pCR is a significant predictor of favorable OS and freedom from recurrence. […] Preoperative systemic therapy for IBC is tailored according to biological subtype, and largely extrapolated from studies involving non-IBC patients, given the limited number of studies specifically evaluating IBC patients.

• #19 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For neoadjuvant therapy, we utilize an anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimen. Additional therapies depend on tumor receptor status: Patients with IBC and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression should receive HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab with pertuzumab) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, although we avoid giving trastuzumab and anthracyclines concurrently given the risk for cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab should be continued postoperatively for a total of one year of treatment, if patients have a pathologic complete response at surgery. If they have a pathologic partial response, T-DM1 is offered. […] […] For patients with hormone receptor-positive disease, endocrine therapy should be initiated after completion of neoadjuvant therapy and continued in the adjuvant setting. […]

• #20 Inflammatory breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/cancerous-tumours/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Up to 60% of inflammatory breast cancers are HER2 positive. These targeted therapy drugs may be used to treat HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer: trastuzumab (Herceptin) is given in combination with chemotherapy; pertuzumab (Perjeta) may be given with chemotherapy before surgery to remove the cancer. […] Surgery is offered if chemotherapy shrinks the tumour. The following types of surgery are used for inflammatory breast cancer. Modified radical mastectomy is used to treat inflammatory breast cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body. […] Radiation therapy is usually given after surgery for inflammatory breast cancer. It is used to lower the risk that the cancer will come back in the area where the breast was removed. […] Hormonal therapy may be offered to women who have inflammatory breast cancer that has certain hormone receptors (called a hormone receptor-positive tumour). The type of hormonal therapy offered will depend on whether or not you have reached menopause.

• #21 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For neoadjuvant therapy, we utilize an anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimen. Additional therapies depend on tumor receptor status: Patients with IBC and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression should receive HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab with pertuzumab) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, although we avoid giving trastuzumab and anthracyclines concurrently given the risk for cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab should be continued postoperatively for a total of one year of treatment, if patients have a pathologic complete response at surgery. If they have a pathologic partial response, T-DM1 is offered. […] […] For patients with hormone receptor-positive disease, endocrine therapy should be initiated after completion of neoadjuvant therapy and continued in the adjuvant setting. […]

• #22 5 Innovative Inflammatory Breast Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/inflammatory-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer-treatment.html

  A complete mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) usually is needed to remove all the affected areas, including the previously involved skin. […] After chemotherapy and surgery, IBC patients may receive radiation therapy on the chest wall and lymph nodes. This treatment can reduce the risk of the disease coming back. Radiation therapy also may be used to treat IBC that has spread, to manage pain or to improve quality of life for patients who cannot have surgery. […] One type of targeted therapy is endocrine therapy, which is given to patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It is given after surgery for five to 10 years to prevent recurrence. Patients with the metastatic form of this disease are also given endocrine therapy in order to prevent disease progression. […] Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer also receive targeted therapies. These patients may receive a different set of targeted therapy drugs both prior to and after surgery.

• #23 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  HER2-positive IBCs are treated with the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) alone or in combination with another HER2-targeted drug, pertuzumab (Perjeta). […] Triple-negative IBCs are treated with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab and chemotherapy before surgery. […] If the patient has a BRCA mutation, has triple-negative or HER2-negative IBC, and has residual tumor after chemotherapy and surgery, she may receive the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) to lower her recurrence risk. This typically lasts for up to one year. […] As researchers learn more about inflammatory breast cancer, more potential strategies will emerge to improve patient outcomes.

• #24 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564324/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and a high risk of early recurrence, so immediate reconstruction following surgery should be avoided. […] Both national comprehensive cancer network and international inflammatory breast cancer expert guidelines recommend intensive therapy for patients with primary inflammatory breast cancer to achieve the best local control and survival outcome via a tri-modality approach: Systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. […] The treatment of nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer is similar to nonmetastatic noninflammatory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). […] The standard therapy includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by locoregional treatment (grade 1B). […] For inflammatory breast cancer with HER-2 overexpression, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab is used in addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #25 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Targeted therapy: Inflammatory breast cancers often produce greater than normal amounts of the HER2 protein, which means that drugs such as trastuzumab (Herceptin) that target this protein may be used to treat them. Anti-HER2 therapy can be given both as part of neoadjuvant therapy and after surgery (adjuvant therapy). […] Hormone therapy: If the cells of a woman’s inflammatory breast cancer contain hormone receptors, hormone therapy is another treatment option. Drugs such as tamoxifen, which prevent estrogen from binding to its receptor, and aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole, which block the body’s ability to make estrogen, can cause estrogen-dependent cancer cells to stop growing and die. […] Surgery: The standard surgery for inflammatory breast cancer is a modified radical mastectomy. This surgery involves removal of the entire affected breast and most or all of the lymph nodes under the adjacent arm. Often, the lining over the underlying chest muscles is also removed, but the chest muscles are preserved. Sometimes, however, the smaller chest muscle (pectoralis minor) may be removed, too.

• #26 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6279456/

  The standard procedure is a radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. The involvement of axillary lymph nodes is noted in 55% to 85% in IBC at the time of diagnosis. […] The standard approach for patients with IBC after mastectomy is radiotherapy. There are no specific doses for IBC. […] Preoperative radiotherapy trials have shown that the rate of complications is higher in patients who receive preoperative radiotherapy and the risk of postoperative complications is dose-dependent. […] The ability to identify new targeted therapies allows us to control the aggressive phenotype of IBC.

• #27 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). In general, patients with IBC without distant metastatic disease are approached similarly to those with non-inflammatory LABC. The main exception is that breast conservation therapy (BCT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are inappropriate for patients with IBC, even in the presence of a strong response to neoadjuvant therapy. Given the relative rarity of this disease and the need for more information about the efficacy of drugs against IBC, inflammatory breast cancer patients should be made aware of clinical trials for which they are eligible. […] […] Multimodality therapy is standard for non-metastatic disease and includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation. Our approach to IBC without evidence of distant metastatic disease is summarized below. […]

• #28 Patient education: Locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/locally-advanced-and-inflammatory-breast-cancer-beyond-the-basics/print

  Breast cancer is a very complex topic. An introduction to breast cancer and an overview of treatment is available elsewhere. […] This article will cover the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer, including inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). […] For inflammatory and non-inflammatory locally advanced breast cancers, this typically includes a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy must always be given before surgery in IBC. Preoperative (also called neoadjuvant) chemotherapy can successfully shrink the breast tumor. […] In IBC, a mastectomy is always recommended, even if the cancer responded well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and all signs of redness, discoloration, or swelling have resolved. After mastectomy, radiation therapy to the chest wall and lymph nodes is required.

• #29 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6279456/

  The standard procedure is a radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. The involvement of axillary lymph nodes is noted in 55% to 85% in IBC at the time of diagnosis. […] The standard approach for patients with IBC after mastectomy is radiotherapy. There are no specific doses for IBC. […] Preoperative radiotherapy trials have shown that the rate of complications is higher in patients who receive preoperative radiotherapy and the risk of postoperative complications is dose-dependent. […] The ability to identify new targeted therapies allows us to control the aggressive phenotype of IBC.

• #30 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564324/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and a high risk of early recurrence, so immediate reconstruction following surgery should be avoided. […] Both national comprehensive cancer network and international inflammatory breast cancer expert guidelines recommend intensive therapy for patients with primary inflammatory breast cancer to achieve the best local control and survival outcome via a tri-modality approach: Systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. […] The treatment of nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer is similar to nonmetastatic noninflammatory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). […] The standard therapy includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by locoregional treatment (grade 1B). […] For inflammatory breast cancer with HER-2 overexpression, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab is used in addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #31 Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/breast-oncology/programs/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Radiation therapy is used following surgery to address any residual cancer left behind in the skin or lymph nodes. […] Sometimes additional chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or other medications are recommended after surgery. […] If your IBC has spread to other parts of the body, such as bone, liver, or lungs (known as metastatic cancer), your treatment will require chemotherapy or other drugs that work throughout the body, as well as on the IBC in the breast. […] While women with other forms of breast cancer may opt for breast reconstruction immediately following a mastectomy, we recommend that IBC patients considering reconstruction delay the procedure. Many patients may safely choose to have reconstruction approximately 6 months to one year after completing radiation. […] IBC nurses and staff will connect you with support services both at Dana-Farber and in your community. Through this coordinated approach, your entire clinical team will work with you not only to treat your IBC, but also to provide support every step of the way.

• #32 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  Patients who have an operable tumor following neoadjuvant therapy should proceed with mastectomy with axillary dissection (BCT and SLNB are not recommended). Immediate reconstruction following surgery should be avoided given the high risk for local recurrence. Radiation therapy (RT) to a total dose of at least 50 gray (Gy) to the chest wall and all regional lymph nodes, followed by a boost should follow mastectomy. However, patients with poor-risk features may benefit from dose escalation. […] […] For patients who do not have an operable tumor following neoadjuvant therapy, we typically treat with second- and third-line chemotherapy agents such as carboplatin, vinorelbine, and capecitabine. If the tumor remains unresectable, preoperative RT to attempt to downstage the tumor may be pursued. […]

• #33 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Radiation therapy: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy to the chest wall under the breast that was removed is a standard part of multimodal therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. If a woman received trastuzumab before surgery, she may continue to receive it during postoperative radiation therapy. Breast reconstruction can be performed in women with inflammatory breast cancer, but, due to the importance of radiation therapy in treating this disease, experts generally recommend delayed reconstruction. […] Adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant systemic therapy may be given after surgery to reduce the chance of cancer recurrence. This therapy may include additional chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy (such as trastuzumab), or some combination of these treatments.

• #34 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17925-inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Radiation therapy uses a machine to direct energy toward the cancer, destroying the cancer cells. After surgery, you may receive radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells that surgery may have missed. […] Depending on the characteristics of your cancer cells (discovered during the biopsy), you may receive treatments like targeted therapy, hormone therapy or immunotherapy. […] Targeted therapy zeroes in on specific weaknesses in cancer cells. It targets those weaknesses to destroy the cancer. […] Hormone therapy: Some types of cancer cells have hormone receptors that cause the cancer to grow in the presence of estrogen and progesterone. If your cancer cells have hormone receptors, your provider may prescribe treatments that block these hormones. […] Immunotherapy helps your body’s immune system identify and fight cancer cells. Studies have shown that some types of immunotherapy can improve the effectiveness of other IBC treatments, like chemotherapy. Research is ongoing.

• #35 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Radiation therapy: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy to the chest wall under the breast that was removed is a standard part of multimodal therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. If a woman received trastuzumab before surgery, she may continue to receive it during postoperative radiation therapy. Breast reconstruction can be performed in women with inflammatory breast cancer, but, due to the importance of radiation therapy in treating this disease, experts generally recommend delayed reconstruction. […] Adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant systemic therapy may be given after surgery to reduce the chance of cancer recurrence. This therapy may include additional chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy (such as trastuzumab), or some combination of these treatments.

• #36 How should radiation be done for inflammatory breast cancer patients?—a narrative review of modern literature – Corrigan – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/86283/html

  A large retrospective study from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center showed increased LRC compared to historical standards using utilizing hyperfractionated and dose-escalated RT regimens. […] Specifically, the routine use of dose-escalated RT to 66 Gy delivered twice-daily (BID) for the treatment of IBC improved rates of disease-free survival and OS. […] These institutional studies demonstrating improved LRC with RT hyperfractionation, bolus, or RT dose escalation are corroborated by other published contemporary literature. […] In conclusion, IBC is an aggressive disease and therefore requires aggressive RT regimens involving the described strategies. […] Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant radiation therapy to the chest wall, as well as to the axillary, internal mammary, infraclavicular, and supraclavicular nodal basins using the RADCOMP atlas contours, is recommended to improve local-regional control rates. […] Several strategies exist to enhance the effect of RT on local-regional control, including hyperfractionation, use of bolus, increased total RT dose, and radiosensitizers, which are currently being tested in randomized trials.

• #37 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  Patients who have an operable tumor following neoadjuvant therapy should proceed with mastectomy with axillary dissection (BCT and SLNB are not recommended). Immediate reconstruction following surgery should be avoided given the high risk for local recurrence. Radiation therapy (RT) to a total dose of at least 50 gray (Gy) to the chest wall and all regional lymph nodes, followed by a boost should follow mastectomy. However, patients with poor-risk features may benefit from dose escalation. […] […] For patients who do not have an operable tumor following neoadjuvant therapy, we typically treat with second- and third-line chemotherapy agents such as carboplatin, vinorelbine, and capecitabine. If the tumor remains unresectable, preoperative RT to attempt to downstage the tumor may be pursued. […]

• #38 How should radiation be done for inflammatory breast cancer patients?—a narrative review of modern literature – Corrigan – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/86283/html

  IBC is an aggressive type of breast cancer that warrants multi-disciplinary care from breast surgical, medical, and radiation oncology. […] Several strategies exist to enhance the effect of radiation therapy (RT) on local-regional control, including hyperfractionation, use of bolus, increased total RT dose, and radiosensitizers, which are currently being tested in randomized trials. […] With an individualized patient approach, local-regional control rates are improving for IBC. […] In a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) study of non-metastatic patients with IBC, the 10-year survival rate was highest for patients who received tri-modality therapy (37.2%) compared to surgery alone (16.5%) or dual modality therapy with surgery/chemotherapy (28.5%) or surgery/radiation (23.5%). […] Therefore, maximizing and personalizing the use of aggressive local therapy, which may include accelerated RT dose delivery (called hyperfractionation), use of bolus (tissue equivalent material to increase RT skin dose), and/or total RT dose escalation, are likely needed to improve local-regional control (LRC) rates in this population.

• #39 How should radiation be done for inflammatory breast cancer patients?—a narrative review of modern literature – Corrigan – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/86283/html

  A large retrospective study from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center showed increased LRC compared to historical standards using utilizing hyperfractionated and dose-escalated RT regimens. […] Specifically, the routine use of dose-escalated RT to 66 Gy delivered twice-daily (BID) for the treatment of IBC improved rates of disease-free survival and OS. […] These institutional studies demonstrating improved LRC with RT hyperfractionation, bolus, or RT dose escalation are corroborated by other published contemporary literature. […] In conclusion, IBC is an aggressive disease and therefore requires aggressive RT regimens involving the described strategies. […] Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant radiation therapy to the chest wall, as well as to the axillary, internal mammary, infraclavicular, and supraclavicular nodal basins using the RADCOMP atlas contours, is recommended to improve local-regional control rates. […] Several strategies exist to enhance the effect of RT on local-regional control, including hyperfractionation, use of bolus, increased total RT dose, and radiosensitizers, which are currently being tested in randomized trials.

• #40 How should radiation be done for inflammatory breast cancer patients?—a narrative review of modern literature – Corrigan – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/86283/html

  IBC is an aggressive type of breast cancer that warrants multi-disciplinary care from breast surgical, medical, and radiation oncology. […] Several strategies exist to enhance the effect of radiation therapy (RT) on local-regional control, including hyperfractionation, use of bolus, increased total RT dose, and radiosensitizers, which are currently being tested in randomized trials. […] With an individualized patient approach, local-regional control rates are improving for IBC. […] In a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) study of non-metastatic patients with IBC, the 10-year survival rate was highest for patients who received tri-modality therapy (37.2%) compared to surgery alone (16.5%) or dual modality therapy with surgery/chemotherapy (28.5%) or surgery/radiation (23.5%). […] Therefore, maximizing and personalizing the use of aggressive local therapy, which may include accelerated RT dose delivery (called hyperfractionation), use of bolus (tissue equivalent material to increase RT skin dose), and/or total RT dose escalation, are likely needed to improve local-regional control (LRC) rates in this population.

• #41 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Radiation therapy: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy to the chest wall under the breast that was removed is a standard part of multimodal therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. If a woman received trastuzumab before surgery, she may continue to receive it during postoperative radiation therapy. Breast reconstruction can be performed in women with inflammatory breast cancer, but, due to the importance of radiation therapy in treating this disease, experts generally recommend delayed reconstruction. […] Adjuvant therapy: Adjuvant systemic therapy may be given after surgery to reduce the chance of cancer recurrence. This therapy may include additional chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy (such as trastuzumab), or some combination of these treatments.

• #42 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For neoadjuvant therapy, we utilize an anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimen. Additional therapies depend on tumor receptor status: Patients with IBC and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression should receive HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab with pertuzumab) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, although we avoid giving trastuzumab and anthracyclines concurrently given the risk for cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab should be continued postoperatively for a total of one year of treatment, if patients have a pathologic complete response at surgery. If they have a pathologic partial response, T-DM1 is offered. […] […] For patients with hormone receptor-positive disease, endocrine therapy should be initiated after completion of neoadjuvant therapy and continued in the adjuvant setting. […]

• #43 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564324/

  For hormone receptor-positive, postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole is used for 5 years. […] For premenopausal women that are hormone receptor-positive, ovarian function suppression plus tamoxifen for a period of 10 years (grade 2B) is used. […] The treatment for metastatic disease is primary systemic therapy to achieve optimal response. […] The goal of systemic treatment for metastatic inflammatory breast cancer is a prolongation of survival, symptom elevation, maintenance, and improvement in the quality of life despite the toxicities associated with treatment as local progression is an issue.

• #44 Inflammatory breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/cancerous-tumours/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Up to 60% of inflammatory breast cancers are HER2 positive. These targeted therapy drugs may be used to treat HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer: trastuzumab (Herceptin) is given in combination with chemotherapy; pertuzumab (Perjeta) may be given with chemotherapy before surgery to remove the cancer. […] Surgery is offered if chemotherapy shrinks the tumour. The following types of surgery are used for inflammatory breast cancer. Modified radical mastectomy is used to treat inflammatory breast cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body. […] Radiation therapy is usually given after surgery for inflammatory breast cancer. It is used to lower the risk that the cancer will come back in the area where the breast was removed. […] Hormonal therapy may be offered to women who have inflammatory breast cancer that has certain hormone receptors (called a hormone receptor-positive tumour). The type of hormonal therapy offered will depend on whether or not you have reached menopause.

• #45 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For patients with IBC (including patients who achieve pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy), we recommend postmastectomy radiation therapy. […] […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for hormone receptor-positive IBC and should be administered in a similar fashion as in hormone receptor-positive, non-inflammatory breast cancer, with incorporation of adjuvant abemaciclib for those who meet high-risk criteria. […] […] For patients with non-metastatic disease for whom surgery is not feasible even after the completion of a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, further efforts are directed at downstaging the tumor such that surgery may be performed. […] […] The adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved outcomes for IBC. Historically, single-modality therapy for IBC was associated with five-year overall survival rates of less than 10 percent. However, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy, reported overall five-year survival rates range between 30 and 70 percent. […] […] Although IBC is associated with a particularly poor prognosis and high risk of early recurrence, there is evidence that outcomes have improved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment.

• #46 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  HER2-positive IBCs are treated with the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) alone or in combination with another HER2-targeted drug, pertuzumab (Perjeta). […] Triple-negative IBCs are treated with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab and chemotherapy before surgery. […] If the patient has a BRCA mutation, has triple-negative or HER2-negative IBC, and has residual tumor after chemotherapy and surgery, she may receive the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) to lower her recurrence risk. This typically lasts for up to one year. […] As researchers learn more about inflammatory breast cancer, more potential strategies will emerge to improve patient outcomes.

• #47 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For neoadjuvant therapy, we utilize an anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimen. Additional therapies depend on tumor receptor status: Patients with IBC and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression should receive HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab with pertuzumab) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, although we avoid giving trastuzumab and anthracyclines concurrently given the risk for cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab should be continued postoperatively for a total of one year of treatment, if patients have a pathologic complete response at surgery. If they have a pathologic partial response, T-DM1 is offered. […] […] For patients with hormone receptor-positive disease, endocrine therapy should be initiated after completion of neoadjuvant therapy and continued in the adjuvant setting. […]

• #48 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Research | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  HER2-positive IBCs are treated with the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) alone or in combination with another HER2-targeted drug, pertuzumab (Perjeta). […] Triple-negative IBCs are treated with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab and chemotherapy before surgery. […] If the patient has a BRCA mutation, has triple-negative or HER2-negative IBC, and has residual tumor after chemotherapy and surgery, she may receive the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) to lower her recurrence risk. This typically lasts for up to one year. […] As researchers learn more about inflammatory breast cancer, more potential strategies will emerge to improve patient outcomes.

• #49 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Guidelines recommend that patients with inflammatory breast cancer receive intensive treatment that includes systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation. Clinical trial enrollment is also recommended for all eligible patients. […] Standard treatment for nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer includes systemic neoadjuvant therapy, surgery, radiation, and systemic adjuvant therapy when necessary. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment typically consists of chemotherapy, with or without other therapies depending on HR and HER2 status. […] For patients with nonmetastatic, HER2-negative inflammatory breast cancer, NCCN guidelines recommend the following regimens as preferred neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies: Dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed or preceded by paclitaxel every 2 weeks, Dose-dense doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed or preceded by weekly paclitaxel, Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, Olaparib for patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.

• #50 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The NCCN-recommended first-line therapy in patients with metastatic, HR-positive, HER2-negative disease with visceral crisis and no germline BRCA1/2 mutations is chemotherapy. The recommended first-line therapy for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations is a PARP inhibitor (olaparib or talazoparib). […] NCCN guidelines recommend fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki as second-line therapy for patients with a HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ and a negative in situ hybridization (ISH) result. Patients who are not candidates for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki can receive sacituzumab govitecan or chemotherapy. […] NCCN guidelines recommend that first-line therapy for patients who have metastatic, HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer (HR-positive or -negative) should be pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel or pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel.

• #51 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Approximately one-third of patients with IBC have stage IV (metastatic) disease at diagnosis. […] In these patients, treatment usually involves a combination of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy; hormone therapy or targeted therapy (for HR+ or ERBB2+ cancers); immunotherapy; and additional targeted therapies depending on the genetic variant involved with the tumor, such as poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose), or PARP, inhibitors for BRCA-variant cancer. […] Whenever possible, patients with IBC should be enrolled in clinical trials due to the highly aggressive nature and rarity of the disease.

• #52 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564324/

  For hormone receptor-positive, postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole is used for 5 years. […] For premenopausal women that are hormone receptor-positive, ovarian function suppression plus tamoxifen for a period of 10 years (grade 2B) is used. […] The treatment for metastatic disease is primary systemic therapy to achieve optimal response. […] The goal of systemic treatment for metastatic inflammatory breast cancer is a prolongation of survival, symptom elevation, maintenance, and improvement in the quality of life despite the toxicities associated with treatment as local progression is an issue.

• #53 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Approximately one-third of patients with IBC have stage IV (metastatic) disease at diagnosis. […] In these patients, treatment usually involves a combination of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy; hormone therapy or targeted therapy (for HR+ or ERBB2+ cancers); immunotherapy; and additional targeted therapies depending on the genetic variant involved with the tumor, such as poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose), or PARP, inhibitors for BRCA-variant cancer. […] Whenever possible, patients with IBC should be enrolled in clinical trials due to the highly aggressive nature and rarity of the disease.

• #54 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The NCCN-recommended first-line therapy in patients with metastatic, HR-positive, HER2-negative disease with visceral crisis and no germline BRCA1/2 mutations is chemotherapy. The recommended first-line therapy for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations is a PARP inhibitor (olaparib or talazoparib). […] NCCN guidelines recommend fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki as second-line therapy for patients with a HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ and a negative in situ hybridization (ISH) result. Patients who are not candidates for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki can receive sacituzumab govitecan or chemotherapy. […] NCCN guidelines recommend that first-line therapy for patients who have metastatic, HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer (HR-positive or -negative) should be pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel or pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel.

• #55 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Much of the confusion stems from IBCs ambiguous symptoms and presentation, explained Filipa Lynce, MD, senior physician and director of the Inflammatory Breast Center at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and moderator of the session. […] The recommended treatment for patients with localized disease is relatively standard, explained Anthony Lucci, MD, a professor in the Department of Breast Surgical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The suggested regimen, known as trimodal therapy, consists of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a radical mastectomy and radiation; patients may also receive HER2-targeted therapy or antiestrogen therapy if their tumors express the appropriate targets. […] Lucci suggested that radical mastectomy may also benefit patients with metastatic IBCa stark contrast from metastatic non-IBC cases, in which surgery is rarely recommended.

• #56 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Jennifer R. Bellon, MD, director of breast radiation oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an associate professor of radiation oncology at Harvard Medical School, agreed with the potential for localized therapy to benefit patients with metastatic IBC. […] Locoregional treatment may cause significant side effects, however. […] A research group at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute aims to explore the risks and benefits of locoregional therapy through a prospective registry. […] Maximizing potential benefit may also involve identifying patient populations whose cancers respond particularly well to locoregional therapy. […] Some researchers are working to identify IBC-specific drug targets to offer systemic therapy to more patients, but they have faced difficulties, explained Frederick Howard, MD, an instructor of medicine at the UChicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

• #57 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The NCCN-recommended first-line therapy in patients with metastatic, HR-positive, HER2-negative disease with visceral crisis and no germline BRCA1/2 mutations is chemotherapy. The recommended first-line therapy for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations is a PARP inhibitor (olaparib or talazoparib). […] NCCN guidelines recommend fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki as second-line therapy for patients with a HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ and a negative in situ hybridization (ISH) result. Patients who are not candidates for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki can receive sacituzumab govitecan or chemotherapy. […] NCCN guidelines recommend that first-line therapy for patients who have metastatic, HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer (HR-positive or -negative) should be pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel or pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel.

• #58 Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  The addition of chemotherapy to locoregional therapy with surgery and/or radiation has allowed some women with IBC to become long-term survivors. […] Because the prognosis of IBC remains worse than for other types of breast cancer, identifying improved approaches to the treatment of IBC is an important priority. Treatments currently being evaluated in clinical trials include new targeted agents such as Tykerb (lapatinib). Tykerb targets two proteins EGFR and HER2 that are abnormally expressed in many (but not all) cases of inflammatory breast cancer. Inhibiting these proteins can slow or stop cancer growth. […] Research is underway to better understand these factors, with the goal of identifying weakness of IBC cells that could be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

• #59 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Survival with IBC is worse than with other types of breast cancer, with an estimated 25 to 50 percent of women surviving for at least five years. […] Because the prognosis of IBC remains worse than for other types of breast cancer, identifying improved approaches to the treatment of IBC is an important priority. Treatments currently being evaluated in clinical trials include new targeted agents such as Tykerb (lapatinib). Tykerb targets two proteins—EGFR and HER2—that are abnormally expressed in many (but not all) cases of inflammatory breast cancer. Inhibiting these proteins can slow or stop cancer growth.

• #60 Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  The addition of chemotherapy to locoregional therapy with surgery and/or radiation has allowed some women with IBC to become long-term survivors. […] Because the prognosis of IBC remains worse than for other types of breast cancer, identifying improved approaches to the treatment of IBC is an important priority. Treatments currently being evaluated in clinical trials include new targeted agents such as Tykerb (lapatinib). Tykerb targets two proteins EGFR and HER2 that are abnormally expressed in many (but not all) cases of inflammatory breast cancer. Inhibiting these proteins can slow or stop cancer growth. […] Research is underway to better understand these factors, with the goal of identifying weakness of IBC cells that could be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

• #61 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Jennifer R. Bellon, MD, director of breast radiation oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an associate professor of radiation oncology at Harvard Medical School, agreed with the potential for localized therapy to benefit patients with metastatic IBC. […] Locoregional treatment may cause significant side effects, however. […] A research group at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute aims to explore the risks and benefits of locoregional therapy through a prospective registry. […] Maximizing potential benefit may also involve identifying patient populations whose cancers respond particularly well to locoregional therapy. […] Some researchers are working to identify IBC-specific drug targets to offer systemic therapy to more patients, but they have faced difficulties, explained Frederick Howard, MD, an instructor of medicine at the UChicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

• #62 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  Post-operative radiation is important, but it cannot compensate for failure to achieve clear margins. […] Because of the very high doses of radiation recommended post operatively in IBC (66Gy, often given in BID fractions), IBC patients are also discouraged from having immediate reconstruction. […] The discovery that lymphatic invasion and distinct metastasis occur during initial presentation led to the thinking of IBC as a systemic disease, and not a locally advanced cancer. […] The key to increasing the accuracy of diagnosis and classification of IBC may be continuing medical education (CME) within the medical community. […] Improved literacy when it comes to IBC could greatly improve the way that the disease is managed. […] Researchers have been attempting create a set of definitive diagnosis criteria that would allow for more accurate diagnosis of IBC. […] The current diagnostic process is through clinical observation of symptoms.

• #63 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Survival with IBC is worse than with other types of breast cancer, with an estimated 25 to 50 percent of women surviving for at least five years. […] Because the prognosis of IBC remains worse than for other types of breast cancer, identifying improved approaches to the treatment of IBC is an important priority. Treatments currently being evaluated in clinical trials include new targeted agents such as Tykerb (lapatinib). Tykerb targets two proteins—EGFR and HER2—that are abnormally expressed in many (but not all) cases of inflammatory breast cancer. Inhibiting these proteins can slow or stop cancer growth.

• #64 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Immunotherapy. These drugs use your immune system to help fight cancer. You might get them for advanced types of inflammatory breast cancer. […] If you’re interested in taking part in a clinical trial, ask your doctor. Clinical trials test new drugs to see if they’re safe and if they work, or drugs that are already used but in different doses and combinations to see if they’ll work better. They’re often a way for people to try new medicine that isn’t available to everyone yet. Your doctor may be able to find a trial that might be a good fit for you.

• #65 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For patients with IBC (including patients who achieve pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy), we recommend postmastectomy radiation therapy. […] […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for hormone receptor-positive IBC and should be administered in a similar fashion as in hormone receptor-positive, non-inflammatory breast cancer, with incorporation of adjuvant abemaciclib for those who meet high-risk criteria. […] […] For patients with non-metastatic disease for whom surgery is not feasible even after the completion of a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, further efforts are directed at downstaging the tumor such that surgery may be performed. […] […] The adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved outcomes for IBC. Historically, single-modality therapy for IBC was associated with five-year overall survival rates of less than 10 percent. However, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy, reported overall five-year survival rates range between 30 and 70 percent. […] […] Although IBC is associated with a particularly poor prognosis and high risk of early recurrence, there is evidence that outcomes have improved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment.

• #66 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For patients with IBC (including patients who achieve pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy), we recommend postmastectomy radiation therapy. […] […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for hormone receptor-positive IBC and should be administered in a similar fashion as in hormone receptor-positive, non-inflammatory breast cancer, with incorporation of adjuvant abemaciclib for those who meet high-risk criteria. […] […] For patients with non-metastatic disease for whom surgery is not feasible even after the completion of a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, further efforts are directed at downstaging the tumor such that surgery may be performed. […] […] The adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved outcomes for IBC. Historically, single-modality therapy for IBC was associated with five-year overall survival rates of less than 10 percent. However, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy, reported overall five-year survival rates range between 30 and 70 percent. […] […] Although IBC is associated with a particularly poor prognosis and high risk of early recurrence, there is evidence that outcomes have improved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment.

• #67 SABCS 2023: Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Clinical Challenges, Evolving Concepts, and Novel Treatments – Breast Cancer Action

  https://www.bcaction.org/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-challenges-evolving-concepts-and-novel-treatments/

  IBC is an aggressive disease, with a historically reported five-year survival rate around 40%. But according to MDACC, advances in care are helping more patients live longer. Recent studies have shown that with the right treatment, IBCs five-year survival rate is closer to 70% for stage III patients, and up to 50% for newly diagnosed stage IV patients.

• #68 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Treatment

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/facts-statistics/research-studies/topics/treatment-for-inflammatory-breast-cancer-and-overall-survival/

  Non-metastatic inflammatory breast cancer is treated with a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. Treatment may also include hormone therapy, HER2-targeted therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy, immunotherapy and/or PARP inhibitor therapy. […] With modern treatments, survival for women with inflammatory breast cancer appears to be improving. Some studies now estimate 5-year survival with inflammatory breast cancer to be about 50% to 70%, and median survival time to be about 8 years. […] Learn more about treatment for non-metastatic inflammatory breast cancer and different types of treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer. […] Learn about treatment for metastatic breast cancer, including metastatic inflammatory breast cancer. […] Clinical trials with 50 or more participants and at least 5 years of follow-up.

• #69 What is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/9-questions-about-inflammatory-breast-cancer–answered.h00-159306990.html

  Still, there is much cause for hope. We continue to make inroads in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. And many though not all cases of inflammatory breast cancer can be cured. […] Systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy come first, to get the best results from surgery. […] After that, inflammatory breast cancer patients undergo a mastectomy, a surgery that removes all of the cancerous tissue involved. […] Finally, we use radiation therapy to target larger areas. […] Yes, definitely. Not all of it can be cured, of course. […] So, the sooner you can diagnose it and start treatment before it progresses to stage IV, the better chance you have of a cure. […] Because this disease is so rare and aggressive, where you go first for your inflammatory breast cancer treatment makes a big difference.

• #70 What is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/9-questions-about-inflammatory-breast-cancer–answered.h00-159306990.html

  Our multidisciplinary approach also enables patients to visit with all three types of specialists (breast oncology, radiation oncology and surgical oncology) quickly. […] The best way to reduce your chances of recurrence is to have the key therapies in the right order from the very beginning. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is not a disease for diluting therapies or using less rigorous methods to try to reduce side effects.

• #71 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6279456/

  The multidisciplinary management of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), which is the most aggressive form of breast cancer due to its rapid proliferation, has changed over the past three decades thanks to advances in medical treatments that represent the basis of treatment, without eliminating the use of locoregional treatments including surgery and radiotherapy in the localized stages. […] Optimal management of IBC requires coordination between oncologists, surgeons and radiation therapists. […] The introduction of systemic chemotherapy showed additional survival benefit. The trimodal therapy including chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy became the standard of care of IBC. […] For metastatic disease, the treatment is based on chemotherapy with/without target therapy. Surgery and radiotherapy are used only to control palliative symptoms.

• #72 Treatment centers – The IBC Network Foundation

  https://theibcnetwork.org/treatment-centers/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique form of breast cancer, marked with rapid onset and also physical changes that can often be mistaken for an infection or an injury. […] Just like IBC presents differently and has different diagnosis needs, the standard of care is different from general forms of breast cancer. […] Trimodal care would include systemic therapy (chemotherapy and targeted therapies) given by medical oncologists, breast cancer surgeons, and radiation oncologists who have specific expertise in treating IBC. […] The goal of chemotherapy as a first step is to render the patient a surgical candidate, however the timing of surgery must be coordinated so it is done at the correct time. […] A multi-disciplinary clinic for IBC would include medical oncologists, breast cancer surgeons, and radiation oncologists who have specific expertise in treating IBC.

• #73 Treatment centers – The IBC Network Foundation

  https://theibcnetwork.org/treatment-centers/

  These programs include research scientists, pathologists, radiologists, medical oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, plastic surgeons and lymphedema specialists. […] We do not wish to cause concern if you are not able to receive your treatment at a specialty center. […] As IBC awareness and education is growing, we hope to see more options for patients regardless of location.

• #74 Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/breast-oncology/programs/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer in which cancer cells block the lymph vessels of the skin of the breast, causing the breast to appear red or inflamed. Unlike other types of breast cancer, a lump is usually not a symptom of IBC. […] At Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center’s Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, we have a program dedicated to IBC treatment, research, and education. Our specialists work together and with you to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique medical needs. […] Our specialized IBC program the only program of its kind in the Northeast includes breast cancer surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists who have specific expertise in treating IBC. Our clinical team is skilled at identifying this rare and often misdiagnosed disease, ensuring that you receive the care you need as quickly as possible.

• #75 5 Innovative Inflammatory Breast Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/inflammatory-breast-cancer/inflammatory-breast-cancer-treatment.html

  At this time, immunotherapy has only been approved to treat breast cancer in limited cases. Studies are underway to learn how to use immunotherapy in additional situations. […] Like all cancers, inflammatory breast cancer treatment is most successful when patients have an experienced care team. […] This clinical experience and emphasis on research is leading to advances in the care of IBC. […] As a leading cancer center, MD Anderson can also offer clinical trials for patients at all stages of IBC, including those who are newly diagnosed and with previously treated/recurrent disease. Trials may offer patients drugs, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy options. […] MD Andersons breast surgeons are among the most skilled and renowned in the world. They perform a large number of surgeries for inflammatory breast cancer each year, using the most-advanced techniques. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is treated in a special IBC Clinic at our Nellie B. Connally Breast Center.

• #76 Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/breast-oncology/programs/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer in which cancer cells block the lymph vessels of the skin of the breast, causing the breast to appear red or inflamed. Unlike other types of breast cancer, a lump is usually not a symptom of IBC. […] At Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center’s Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, we have a program dedicated to IBC treatment, research, and education. Our specialists work together and with you to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique medical needs. […] Our specialized IBC program the only program of its kind in the Northeast includes breast cancer surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists who have specific expertise in treating IBC. Our clinical team is skilled at identifying this rare and often misdiagnosed disease, ensuring that you receive the care you need as quickly as possible.

• #77 International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference

  https://www.jcancer.org/v09p1437.htm

  National and international experts in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from high-volume centers treating IBC recently convened at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston Texas. A consensus on the clinical management of patients with IBC was discussed, summarized, and subsequently reviewed. […] Neoadjuvant systemic therapy, modified radical mastectomy and level I and II ipsilateral axillary node dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy, adjuvant targeted therapy and hormonal therapy as indicated, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC. […] Overall, there was substantial consensus for recommendation of workup including bilateral breast and nodal evaluation, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and medical photographs. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), modified radical mastectomy and level I and II axillary nodal dissection, post-mastectomy radiotherapy to the chest wall and nodal basin, and delayed reconstruction were agreed-upon fundamental premises of standard non-protocol-based treatment for IBC.

• #78 International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference

  https://www.jcancer.org/v09p1437.htm

  All participants agreed that upfront primary systemic therapy, including chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus targeted therapy, is indicated in patients with stage III IBC. In patients with stage IV de novo IBC, participants also recommended primary systemic therapy to achieve optimal response, and patients should be evaluated for surgery and radiation therapy using a multidisciplinary approach. […] Standard systemic therapy regimens used off protocol across institutions included multiple national guideline-concordant approaches, and such variation reflects the absence of data demonstrating one superior regimen for IBC. […] For HER2-positive disease, all institutions and participants agreed that dual anti-HER2-directed therapy with pertuzumab and trastuzumab should be used. […] All agreed that delayed reconstruction should be considered in IBC. The importance of removing involved skin in IBC was reiterated, highlighting the consensus that there is no role for tissue expander-based immediate reconstruction, given that this preserves skin in a skin-involved cancer.

• #79 International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference

  https://www.jcancer.org/v09p1437.htm

  All participants agreed that upfront primary systemic therapy, including chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus targeted therapy, is indicated in patients with stage III IBC. In patients with stage IV de novo IBC, participants also recommended primary systemic therapy to achieve optimal response, and patients should be evaluated for surgery and radiation therapy using a multidisciplinary approach. […] Standard systemic therapy regimens used off protocol across institutions included multiple national guideline-concordant approaches, and such variation reflects the absence of data demonstrating one superior regimen for IBC. […] For HER2-positive disease, all institutions and participants agreed that dual anti-HER2-directed therapy with pertuzumab and trastuzumab should be used. […] All agreed that delayed reconstruction should be considered in IBC. The importance of removing involved skin in IBC was reiterated, highlighting the consensus that there is no role for tissue expander-based immediate reconstruction, given that this preserves skin in a skin-involved cancer.

• #80 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Approximately one-third of patients with IBC have stage IV (metastatic) disease at diagnosis. […] In these patients, treatment usually involves a combination of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy; hormone therapy or targeted therapy (for HR+ or ERBB2+ cancers); immunotherapy; and additional targeted therapies depending on the genetic variant involved with the tumor, such as poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose), or PARP, inhibitors for BRCA-variant cancer. […] Whenever possible, patients with IBC should be enrolled in clinical trials due to the highly aggressive nature and rarity of the disease.

• #81 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  For patients with IBC (including patients who achieve pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy), we recommend postmastectomy radiation therapy. […] […] Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for hormone receptor-positive IBC and should be administered in a similar fashion as in hormone receptor-positive, non-inflammatory breast cancer, with incorporation of adjuvant abemaciclib for those who meet high-risk criteria. […] […] For patients with non-metastatic disease for whom surgery is not feasible even after the completion of a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, further efforts are directed at downstaging the tumor such that surgery may be performed. […] […] The adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved outcomes for IBC. Historically, single-modality therapy for IBC was associated with five-year overall survival rates of less than 10 percent. However, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy, reported overall five-year survival rates range between 30 and 70 percent. […] […] Although IBC is associated with a particularly poor prognosis and high risk of early recurrence, there is evidence that outcomes have improved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment.

• #82 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Jennifer R. Bellon, MD, director of breast radiation oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an associate professor of radiation oncology at Harvard Medical School, agreed with the potential for localized therapy to benefit patients with metastatic IBC. […] Locoregional treatment may cause significant side effects, however. […] A research group at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute aims to explore the risks and benefits of locoregional therapy through a prospective registry. […] Maximizing potential benefit may also involve identifying patient populations whose cancers respond particularly well to locoregional therapy. […] Some researchers are working to identify IBC-specific drug targets to offer systemic therapy to more patients, but they have faced difficulties, explained Frederick Howard, MD, an instructor of medicine at the UChicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

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