Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The article discusses risk factors for IBC, including being a woman younger than 40, being Black, high BMI, smoking, and having HR-negative tumors. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and outlines the diagnostic process involving physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, biopsy, and staging. […] Approximately 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed are IBC, and most of these cases originate as invasive ductal carcinomas rather than lobular carcinomas. Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly and has often metastasized to nearby lymph nodes or tissues by the time of diagnosis. Approximately 8% to 10% of breast cancer deaths in the US are attributed to IBC. […] Due to the often advanced stage at diagnosis of stage III or higher, IBC has an overall worse prognosis compared with other breast cancers. Historically, the median overall 5-year survival rate for patients with IBC treated with surgery or radiation therapy alone was less than 5%. Now, with the development of multimodal therapies, the overall 5-year survival rates are between 30% and 70%, and improving.

• #2 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique breast cancer with a highly virulent course and low 5- and 10-year survival rates. […] Although IBC only accounts for 1-5% of breast cancers it is estimated to account for 10% of breast cancer deaths annually in the United States. […] The current consensus in the field is that IBC is not only phenotypically different, but also molecularly different from other forms of breast cancer. […] The estimated number of IBC cases diagnosed annually in the United States is 1-5% of all breast cancer cases. […] Although the occurrence of IBC is infrequent, estimated at 1-5% of all breast cancer cases, the number of diagnosis have doubled between 1975 and 1997 and 1990 and 1992. […] The number of breast cancer cases since 1975 have rose steadily, but the number of IBC cases has risen 50% while non-IBC cases have increased only 25%.

• #3 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive disease that can be difficult to diagnose, progresses rapidly, typically has a poor prognosis. […] Estimates suggest that 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers, and anywhere from 7% to 10% of US breast cancer deaths can be attributed to inflammatory breast cancer. […] According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, based on women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer between 2012 and 2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for inflammatory breast cancer is 39% overall, 52% for regional disease, and 19% for distant disease. […] Factors associated with worse prognosis among patients with inflammatory breast cancer include hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease, 4 or more lymph nodes involved at diagnosis, and a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #4 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Inflammatory breast cancer is rare, accounting for 1 to 5 percent of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. […] Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly, often in a matter of weeks or months. At diagnosis, inflammatory breast cancer is either stage III or IV disease, depending on whether cancer cells have spread only to nearby lymph nodes or to other tissues as well. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is more common and diagnosed at younger ages in African American women than in white women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can occur in men, but usually at an older age than in women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can be difficult to diagnose. […] Proper diagnosis and staging of inflammatory breast cancer helps doctors develop the best treatment plan and estimate the likely outcome of the disease.

• #5 A Review of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/a-review-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer-43018

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive disease that is difficult to diagnose. IBC accounts for 1% to 5% of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. Although diagnosis is challenging, it is important that all women be screened regularly to identify this cancer at an earlier stage and improve survival. […] According to the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, the IBC incidence rate per 100,000 woman-years increased from 2.0 in 1988-1990 to 2.5 (P .001) in 1997-1999, whereas the non-IBC rate decreased from 108 to 101 (P = .0084). […] According to SEER data, the 5-year relative rate of survival in patients with IBC versus those with non-IBC is about 40% (compared with 87% for all breast cancers combined).

• #6 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique breast cancer with a highly virulent course and low 5- and 10-year survival rates. […] Although IBC only accounts for 1-5% of breast cancers it is estimated to account for 10% of breast cancer deaths annually in the United States. […] The current consensus in the field is that IBC is not only phenotypically different, but also molecularly different from other forms of breast cancer. […] The estimated number of IBC cases diagnosed annually in the United States is 1-5% of all breast cancer cases. […] Although the occurrence of IBC is infrequent, estimated at 1-5% of all breast cancer cases, the number of diagnosis have doubled between 1975 and 1997 and 1990 and 1992. […] The number of breast cancer cases since 1975 have rose steadily, but the number of IBC cases has risen 50% while non-IBC cases have increased only 25%.

• #7 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  In a survey of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992-2009, the incidence of IBC remained stable. […] African-American women are diagnosed with IBC at a significantly higher rates than white women of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origins. […] The population with the lowest occurrence of IBC is Asians with 1.2% of breast cancer cases. […] There are several discreet risk factors that have been established for IBC. […] It has been found that women who have an earlier age of menarche, and earlier birth of first child are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with IBC. […] Furthermore, it has been discovered in a study that breast-feeding exceeding duration of 24 months increases the risk of IBC diagnosis. […] The percentage of IBC cases is significantly higher Northern Africa. […] In Tunisia, it has been reported that IBC is estimated to be 5-7% of all breast cancers in the country. […] The confounding deviation of incidence rates between countries may be caused by different diagnostic tools, definition of diagnosis, and varying risk factors in each region.

• #8

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with unknown etiology and generally poor outcome. […] In this review, we discuss case definitions for IBC and its clinical characteristics; describe its geographic variation, age and racial distribution, incidence and survival patterns, and summarize the very limited information on its epidemiologic risk factors. […] Currently, the most widely used case description in the United States (US) comes from the AJCC and is based upon the original description of Haagensen. […] Definitions of IBC in population-based registries in the US have varied over time. […] In the US, the most recent population-based estimates from the large-scale NAACCR and SEER programs suggest that IBC defined pathologically (ICD-0 8530) comprises 1% and 0.59% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among women and men, respectively.

• #9

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Using the SEER 9 Registries database during the years 1988 and 2000 and the comprehensive case definition (ICD-O 8530 or EOD-E 70 or EOD-S 998), Hance et al. found that IBC incidence rates were significantly higher among Black women (3.1 per 100,000 woman-years) than among White women (2.2 per 100,000 woman-years, p 0.001). […] In contrast to breast cancer overall, the carcinogenic process for IBC appears to be dominated by early-onset breast cancer types. […] IBC is diagnosed at older ages in men than women. […] Incidence rates of IBC have increased modestly over the past three decades in the United States. […] Sparse epidemiologic analytic data suggest an association between pregnancy/lactation and IBC. […] Several studies link a family history of breast cancer to IBC, and one study has linked larger BMI to an increased risk in both pre-and post-menopausal women and past smoking to a reduction in risk.

• #10 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Inflammatory breast cancer is rare, accounting for 1 to 5 percent of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. […] Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly, often in a matter of weeks or months. At diagnosis, inflammatory breast cancer is either stage III or IV disease, depending on whether cancer cells have spread only to nearby lymph nodes or to other tissues as well. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is more common and diagnosed at younger ages in African American women than in white women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can occur in men, but usually at an older age than in women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can be difficult to diagnose. […] Proper diagnosis and staging of inflammatory breast cancer helps doctors develop the best treatment plan and estimate the likely outcome of the disease.

• #11 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment/print

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is rare. It accounts for 0.5 to 2 percent of invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the United States, but may be higher elsewhere. In the United States, its incidence appears to be increasing, particularly among White patients. As compared with locally advanced breast cancer, IBC is diagnosed at an earlier age (a median of 59 versus 66 years of age). The incidence of IBC is higher in Black Americans compared with White Americans, and Black patients are diagnosed at a younger age. Data on risk factors are limited and inconclusive. […] The epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of IBC will be reviewed here.

• #12 Characterizing inflammatory breast cancer among Arab Americans in the California, Detroit and New Jersey Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries (1988–2008) | SpringerPlus | Full Text

  https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-2-3

  A total of 621,465 female breast cancer cases were included in our study population, of which 9,135 (1.47%) were considered IBC. […] Statistically significant differences in the proportion of IBC out of all breast cancers by racial/ethnic group were evident; 2.91% IBC among American Indian/Alaskan, 2.3% IBC among Hispanics, 2.2% IBC among NHB, 1.7% IBC among Arab Americans, 1.3% IBC among NHW and 1.2% IBC among Asians. […] Our results suggest that IBC occurrence may be more common among certain minority groups, including Arab American women. […] By evaluating racial disparities in IBC occurrence, we hope to generate further hypotheses about potentially modifiable risk factors for IBC.

• #13 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  In a survey of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992-2009, the incidence of IBC remained stable. […] African-American women are diagnosed with IBC at a significantly higher rates than white women of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origins. […] The population with the lowest occurrence of IBC is Asians with 1.2% of breast cancer cases. […] There are several discreet risk factors that have been established for IBC. […] It has been found that women who have an earlier age of menarche, and earlier birth of first child are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with IBC. […] Furthermore, it has been discovered in a study that breast-feeding exceeding duration of 24 months increases the risk of IBC diagnosis. […] The percentage of IBC cases is significantly higher Northern Africa. […] In Tunisia, it has been reported that IBC is estimated to be 5-7% of all breast cancers in the country. […] The confounding deviation of incidence rates between countries may be caused by different diagnostic tools, definition of diagnosis, and varying risk factors in each region.

• #14 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  In a survey of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992-2009, the incidence of IBC remained stable. […] African-American women are diagnosed with IBC at a significantly higher rates than white women of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origins. […] The population with the lowest occurrence of IBC is Asians with 1.2% of breast cancer cases. […] There are several discreet risk factors that have been established for IBC. […] It has been found that women who have an earlier age of menarche, and earlier birth of first child are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with IBC. […] Furthermore, it has been discovered in a study that breast-feeding exceeding duration of 24 months increases the risk of IBC diagnosis. […] The percentage of IBC cases is significantly higher Northern Africa. […] In Tunisia, it has been reported that IBC is estimated to be 5-7% of all breast cancers in the country. […] The confounding deviation of incidence rates between countries may be caused by different diagnostic tools, definition of diagnosis, and varying risk factors in each region.

• #15

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Using the SEER 9 Registries database during the years 1988 and 2000 and the comprehensive case definition (ICD-O 8530 or EOD-E 70 or EOD-S 998), Hance et al. found that IBC incidence rates were significantly higher among Black women (3.1 per 100,000 woman-years) than among White women (2.2 per 100,000 woman-years, p 0.001). […] In contrast to breast cancer overall, the carcinogenic process for IBC appears to be dominated by early-onset breast cancer types. […] IBC is diagnosed at older ages in men than women. […] Incidence rates of IBC have increased modestly over the past three decades in the United States. […] Sparse epidemiologic analytic data suggest an association between pregnancy/lactation and IBC. […] Several studies link a family history of breast cancer to IBC, and one study has linked larger BMI to an increased risk in both pre-and post-menopausal women and past smoking to a reduction in risk.

• #16 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment/print

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is rare. It accounts for 0.5 to 2 percent of invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the United States, but may be higher elsewhere. In the United States, its incidence appears to be increasing, particularly among White patients. As compared with locally advanced breast cancer, IBC is diagnosed at an earlier age (a median of 59 versus 66 years of age). The incidence of IBC is higher in Black Americans compared with White Americans, and Black patients are diagnosed at a younger age. Data on risk factors are limited and inconclusive. […] The epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of IBC will be reviewed here.

• #17 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is rare. It accounts for 0.5 to 2 percent of invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the United States, but may be higher elsewhere. In the United States, its incidence appears to be increasing, particularly among White patients. As compared with locally advanced breast cancer, IBC is diagnosed at an earlier age (a median of 59 versus 66 years of age). The incidence of IBC is higher in Black Americans compared with White Americans, and Black patients are diagnosed at a younger age. Data on risk factors are limited and inconclusive. […] The epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of IBC will be reviewed here. […] The diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is based upon the characteristic clinical presentation and the presence of invasive carcinoma on breast core needle biopsy.

• #18 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/inflammatory-breast-cancer-5/

  Differences exist among races in the incidence and survival rates in IBC. It is more prevalent in African American, Hispanic American/Latina, and American Indian/Alaskan women than in Caucasian and Asian women. […] The age of onset is earliest in Hispanic American/Latina women with a mean age at diagnosis of 50.5 years compared with 55.2 in African American women and 58.1 in Caucasian women. […] The median survival for Caucasian women is 47.6 months compared with 33.2 months in African American women and 43.1 months in Hispanic American women. […] Higher education seems to have been associated with lower incidence of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive IBC. […] The main indication of neoadjuvant therapy is to downsize the primary tumor for breast preservation, but in the setting of IBC, the role of such therapy is to allow for the feasibility of modified radical mastectomy without leaving positive margins behind, and in parallel, to avoid development of systemic metastases in patients presenting with such aggressive disease.

• #19 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Inflammatory breast cancer is rare, accounting for 1 to 5 percent of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. […] Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly, often in a matter of weeks or months. At diagnosis, inflammatory breast cancer is either stage III or IV disease, depending on whether cancer cells have spread only to nearby lymph nodes or to other tissues as well. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is more common and diagnosed at younger ages in African American women than in white women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can occur in men, but usually at an older age than in women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer can be difficult to diagnose. […] Proper diagnosis and staging of inflammatory breast cancer helps doctors develop the best treatment plan and estimate the likely outcome of the disease.

• #20

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Using the SEER 9 Registries database during the years 1988 and 2000 and the comprehensive case definition (ICD-O 8530 or EOD-E 70 or EOD-S 998), Hance et al. found that IBC incidence rates were significantly higher among Black women (3.1 per 100,000 woman-years) than among White women (2.2 per 100,000 woman-years, p 0.001). […] In contrast to breast cancer overall, the carcinogenic process for IBC appears to be dominated by early-onset breast cancer types. […] IBC is diagnosed at older ages in men than women. […] Incidence rates of IBC have increased modestly over the past three decades in the United States. […] Sparse epidemiologic analytic data suggest an association between pregnancy/lactation and IBC. […] Several studies link a family history of breast cancer to IBC, and one study has linked larger BMI to an increased risk in both pre-and post-menopausal women and past smoking to a reduction in risk.

• #21 Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical features and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-clinical-features-and-treatment/print

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is rare. It accounts for 0.5 to 2 percent of invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the United States, but may be higher elsewhere. In the United States, its incidence appears to be increasing, particularly among White patients. As compared with locally advanced breast cancer, IBC is diagnosed at an earlier age (a median of 59 versus 66 years of age). The incidence of IBC is higher in Black Americans compared with White Americans, and Black patients are diagnosed at a younger age. Data on risk factors are limited and inconclusive. […] The epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of IBC will be reviewed here.

• #22 Inflammatory breast cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_breast_cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a high-grade aneuploid cancer, with mutations and overexpression of p53, high levels of E-cadherin and abnormal cadherin function. […] IBC occurs in all adult age groups. While the majority of patients are between 40 and 59 years old, age predilection is much less pronounced than in noninflammatory breast cancer. The overall rate is 1.3 cases per 100000; black women (1.6) have the highest rate, Asian and Pacific Islander women the lowest (0.7) rates. […] Most known breast cancer risk predictors do not apply for inflammatory breast cancer. It may be slightly negatively associated with cumulative breast-feeding duration. […] Whether inflammation contributes to the development of this disease remains an area of ongoing research.

• #23 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The article discusses risk factors for IBC, including being a woman younger than 40, being Black, high BMI, smoking, and having HR-negative tumors. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and outlines the diagnostic process involving physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, biopsy, and staging. […] Approximately 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed are IBC, and most of these cases originate as invasive ductal carcinomas rather than lobular carcinomas. Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly and has often metastasized to nearby lymph nodes or tissues by the time of diagnosis. Approximately 8% to 10% of breast cancer deaths in the US are attributed to IBC. […] Due to the often advanced stage at diagnosis of stage III or higher, IBC has an overall worse prognosis compared with other breast cancers. Historically, the median overall 5-year survival rate for patients with IBC treated with surgery or radiation therapy alone was less than 5%. Now, with the development of multimodal therapies, the overall 5-year survival rates are between 30% and 70%, and improving.

• #24 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  In a survey of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992-2009, the incidence of IBC remained stable. […] African-American women are diagnosed with IBC at a significantly higher rates than white women of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origins. […] The population with the lowest occurrence of IBC is Asians with 1.2% of breast cancer cases. […] There are several discreet risk factors that have been established for IBC. […] It has been found that women who have an earlier age of menarche, and earlier birth of first child are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with IBC. […] Furthermore, it has been discovered in a study that breast-feeding exceeding duration of 24 months increases the risk of IBC diagnosis. […] The percentage of IBC cases is significantly higher Northern Africa. […] In Tunisia, it has been reported that IBC is estimated to be 5-7% of all breast cancers in the country. […] The confounding deviation of incidence rates between countries may be caused by different diagnostic tools, definition of diagnosis, and varying risk factors in each region.

• #25 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs and Symptoms – Regional Cancer Care Associates

  https://www.regionalcancercare.org/news/early-signs-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Risk factors for IBC include: […] Women who are younger than age 40 are more likely to be diagnosed with IBC than with other forms of breast cancer. […] IBC is difficult to diagnose in its early stages because there are no lumps that indicate problems. […] According to the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), the following criteria must be met for a diagnosis of IBC: […] In about one out of three cases, patients diagnosed with IBC are already at stage IV. […] Most inflammatory breast cancer guidelines recommend a tri-modality approach, using a combination of systemic therapy (chemotherapy), surgery, and radiation therapy to provide IBC patients with the best local control and survival outcome. […] IBC is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.

• #26 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Panoramic Overview

  https://www.rarediseasesjournal.com/articles/inflammatory-breast-cancer-a-panoramic-overview.html

  In a survey of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992-2009, the incidence of IBC remained stable. […] African-American women are diagnosed with IBC at a significantly higher rates than white women of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origins. […] The population with the lowest occurrence of IBC is Asians with 1.2% of breast cancer cases. […] There are several discreet risk factors that have been established for IBC. […] It has been found that women who have an earlier age of menarche, and earlier birth of first child are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with IBC. […] Furthermore, it has been discovered in a study that breast-feeding exceeding duration of 24 months increases the risk of IBC diagnosis. […] The percentage of IBC cases is significantly higher Northern Africa. […] In Tunisia, it has been reported that IBC is estimated to be 5-7% of all breast cancers in the country. […] The confounding deviation of incidence rates between countries may be caused by different diagnostic tools, definition of diagnosis, and varying risk factors in each region.

• #27 Lack of Breastfeeding History in Parous Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival

  https://www.jcancer.org/v08p1726.htm

  Lack of Breastfeeding History in Parous Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival. […] Breastfeeding alters the breast microenvironment, and several lines of evidence suggest the breast microenvironment contributes to the clinical phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer. […] We investigated breastfeeding history as a modifier of locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in parous women with inflammatory breast cancer. […] At a median follow-up of 50 months, BF+ patients had significantly lower risk of LRR (9.0% vs. 23.6%; p=0.01), a lower risk of DM (26.8% vs. 53.8%; p=0.008), and better DFS (73.1% vs. 48.1%; p=0.006) than BF- patients. […] On multivariate analysis, BF+ history was associated with significantly lower risk of DM (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.97; p=0.04) and better DFS (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.93; p=0.04) after adjusting for established predictive and prognostic variables.

• #28 Lack of Breastfeeding History in Parous Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival

  https://www.jcancer.org/v08p1726.htm

  The prognostic significance of breastfeeding may be most pronounced in women with triple-negative IBC. […] A lack of breastfeeding history in parous women with inflammatory breast cancer may predict worse prognosis. […] We speculate that breastfeeding-induced alterations in the breast microenvironment may alter the aggressiveness of inflammatory breast cancer. […] Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique clinical manifestation of malignant breast disease and accounts for 2%-4% of invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. […] Compared with non-inflammatory breast cancer (non-IBC), IBC is associated with an aggressive clinical course and poor outcomes, even after analyses control for established predictive and prognostic factors. […] While the clinical manifestations of IBC differ substantially from those of non-IBC, the molecular alterations distinguishing these two entities are more subtle.

• #29 Variations in Risk Factors Suggest Distinct Etiology for Inflammatory Breast Cancer – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/november-15-2013/variations-in-risk-factors-suggest-distinct-etiology-for-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Varying risk factor associations between inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer suggest a distinct etiology for inflammatory breast cancer, according to a study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. High body mass index was shown to increase risk of inflammatory breast cancer irrespective of menopausal status and estrogen receptor (ER) expression, the researchers reported. […] The average age of diagnosis for inflammatory breast cancer case subjects was 4 years younger than for noninflammatory disease case subjects, the authors noted. […] A higher level of education was associated with reduced risk of ER-positive inflammatory breast cancer, more so than for noninflammatory breast cancer, the investigators reported. […] Notably, overweight and obesity statuses were associated with increased inflammatory breast cancer risk regardless of the internal hormonal milieu or the ER status of the tumors, the researchers commented.

• #30 Inflammatory breast cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_breast_cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a high-grade aneuploid cancer, with mutations and overexpression of p53, high levels of E-cadherin and abnormal cadherin function. […] IBC occurs in all adult age groups. While the majority of patients are between 40 and 59 years old, age predilection is much less pronounced than in noninflammatory breast cancer. The overall rate is 1.3 cases per 100000; black women (1.6) have the highest rate, Asian and Pacific Islander women the lowest (0.7) rates. […] Most known breast cancer risk predictors do not apply for inflammatory breast cancer. It may be slightly negatively associated with cumulative breast-feeding duration. […] Whether inflammation contributes to the development of this disease remains an area of ongoing research.

• #31 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive disease that can be difficult to diagnose, progresses rapidly, typically has a poor prognosis. […] Estimates suggest that 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers, and anywhere from 7% to 10% of US breast cancer deaths can be attributed to inflammatory breast cancer. […] According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, based on women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer between 2012 and 2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for inflammatory breast cancer is 39% overall, 52% for regional disease, and 19% for distant disease. […] Factors associated with worse prognosis among patients with inflammatory breast cancer include hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease, 4 or more lymph nodes involved at diagnosis, and a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #32 Inflammatory breast cancer in 210 patients: A retrospective study on epidemiological, anatomo‑clinical features and therapeutic results

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mco.2018.1773

  In our series, we found that clinical IBC aggressiveness is associated, compared to classical BC with a higher frequency of HR-negative, HER2+ and TN subtypes (59, 32 and 25% of cases, respectively). […] Multimodality therapy with systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy, followed by loco-regional surgery and radiotherapy, became the standard approach and improved IBC survival. […] Our study confirms, the younger age of Tunisian IBC patients, compared to US and European series, the poor prognosis histo and immunohistochemical features with the predominance of HR-, HER2+ and TN subtypes.

• #33 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  While several groups have tried to identify a genomic signature characteristic of IBC, theyve found that IBC cases tend to be more genomically similar to non-IBC cases of the same molecular subtype. […] Nevertheless, Howard identified a few molecular pathways that warrant further investigation. […] Two studies, one from 2018 and another from 2020, found that IBC had a significantly higher incidence of mutations in the Notch signaling pathway, which can boost cancer cells growth and metastatic potential. […] While these findings are preliminary, such progress is welcomed by patient advocates who have faced plenty of obstacles and ambiguity in their IBC journeys.

• #34

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with unknown etiology and generally poor outcome. […] In this review, we discuss case definitions for IBC and its clinical characteristics; describe its geographic variation, age and racial distribution, incidence and survival patterns, and summarize the very limited information on its epidemiologic risk factors. […] Currently, the most widely used case description in the United States (US) comes from the AJCC and is based upon the original description of Haagensen. […] Definitions of IBC in population-based registries in the US have varied over time. […] In the US, the most recent population-based estimates from the large-scale NAACCR and SEER programs suggest that IBC defined pathologically (ICD-0 8530) comprises 1% and 0.59% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among women and men, respectively.

• #35

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with unknown etiology and generally poor outcome. […] In this review, we discuss case definitions for IBC and its clinical characteristics; describe its geographic variation, age and racial distribution, incidence and survival patterns, and summarize the very limited information on its epidemiologic risk factors. […] Currently, the most widely used case description in the United States (US) comes from the AJCC and is based upon the original description of Haagensen. […] Definitions of IBC in population-based registries in the US have varied over time. […] In the US, the most recent population-based estimates from the large-scale NAACCR and SEER programs suggest that IBC defined pathologically (ICD-0 8530) comprises 1% and 0.59% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among women and men, respectively.

• #36

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852616/

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with unknown etiology and generally poor outcome. […] In this review, we discuss case definitions for IBC and its clinical characteristics; describe its geographic variation, age and racial distribution, incidence and survival patterns, and summarize the very limited information on its epidemiologic risk factors. […] Currently, the most widely used case description in the United States (US) comes from the AJCC and is based upon the original description of Haagensen. […] Definitions of IBC in population-based registries in the US have varied over time. […] In the US, the most recent population-based estimates from the large-scale NAACCR and SEER programs suggest that IBC defined pathologically (ICD-0 8530) comprises 1% and 0.59% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among women and men, respectively.

• #37 Reliability of medical records in diagnosing inflammatory breast cancer in Egypt | BMC Research Notes | Full Text

  https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-017-2433-z

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive breast cancer diagnosed clinically by the presence of diffuse erythema, peau dorange, and edema that arise quickly in the affected breast. […] Medical records lacked information on signs/symptoms of IBC, especially erythema and edema, when compared to the casecontrol study. […] There is an urgent need to better identify this condition in population-based cancer registries around the world. […] Accurate registration of IBC in population-based registries requires both a set of codes to capture the clinical characteristics as well as complete and accurate recording of clinical signs and symptoms of IBC in routine medical records (MRs) and accommodating for different definitions to facilitate comparisons from different time periods and locations.

• #38 Reliability of medical records in diagnosing inflammatory breast cancer in Egypt | BMC Research Notes | Full Text

  https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-017-2433-z

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive breast cancer diagnosed clinically by the presence of diffuse erythema, peau dorange, and edema that arise quickly in the affected breast. […] Medical records lacked information on signs/symptoms of IBC, especially erythema and edema, when compared to the casecontrol study. […] There is an urgent need to better identify this condition in population-based cancer registries around the world. […] Accurate registration of IBC in population-based registries requires both a set of codes to capture the clinical characteristics as well as complete and accurate recording of clinical signs and symptoms of IBC in routine medical records (MRs) and accommodating for different definitions to facilitate comparisons from different time periods and locations.

• #39 Reliability of medical records in diagnosing inflammatory breast cancer in Egypt | BMC Research Notes | Full Text

  https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-017-2433-z

  This study revealed deficits in the information recorded on medical records needed to identify IBC cases. Deficient medical record information could negatively impact the diagnosis and treatment for IBC patients. Furthermore, deficient medical record information could affect the perceived prevalence of IBC and limit the ability to record IBC cases in cancer registries, which would thereby hinder the study of its management and prevention epidemiology.

• #40 Epidemiology of Inflammatory Breast Cancer | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-3907-9_2

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive and fatal form of invasive breast cancer. The disease affects approximately 2.5% of breast cancer patients in the United States typically with younger age of onset and higher incidence in African-Americans. Incidence rates vary due to the clinical nature, rather than pathological, of the diagnosis. Changes to the SEER coding rules will also likely have an impact on IBC reporting rates. Epidemiological observations have also suggested geographic differences in the incidence of IBC but without resulting in the identification of risk factors. Few risk factors have been established but associations have been noted with African American race and younger age of onset, as well as high BMI. Decreased survival rates in patients with ER-negative tumors have also been noted. An ongoing registry is being conducted at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to address this issue. […] The registry includes sites in both the United States and internationally and information collected in the registry will be used in order to further elucidate the etiology and risk factors for IBC.

• #41 Does Secondary Inflammatory Breast Cancer Represent Post-Surgical Metastatic Disease?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/4/1/156

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is widely recognized as an extremely aggressive malignancy that is usually characterized by micro-metastases at the time of diagnosis. IBC affects approximately 2.5% of women with breast cancer annually in the United States and thus affects more than 4,800 women each year, more than twice as many as those developing chronic myelocytic leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia. The Inflammatory Breast Cancer Registry (IBCR) was developed to provide a standardized population of IBC patients for epidemiologic and laboratory studies, and among the 156 patients enrolled thus far, eight were identified as having secondary IBC. […] We present examples of this possible phenomenon which could suggest a population of patients for further investigation. […] Our experience with the IBC Registry which has currently enrolled 156 well documented patients with the disease, has confirmed that most patients present with the sudden appearance of redness, swelling and tenderness of the breast.

• #42 Inflammatory breast cancer: time to standardise diagnosis assessment and management, and for the joining of forces to facilitate effective research | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2015115

  Ultimately, by establishing clear national guidelines in IBC we aim to develop future IBC-specific clinical trials and foster long-term clinical and academic collaborative projects with international partners. […] A mechanism for central registration of IBC would supply essential data to progress the study of this disease.

• #43 Defining and Demystifying Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2023/12/15/sabcs-2023-defining-and-demystifying-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  However, a 2014 study showed that only 40% of patients successfully completed trimodal therapy, and a poster presented at SABCS suggested the number may be as low as 25%. […] Lucci suggested that radical mastectomy may also benefit patients with metastatic IBCa stark contrast from metastatic non-IBC cases, in which surgery is rarely recommended. […] Jennifer R. Bellon, MD, director of breast radiation oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an associate professor of radiation oncology at Harvard Medical School, agreed with the potential for localized therapy to benefit patients with metastatic IBC. […] A research group at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute aims to explore the risks and benefits of locoregional therapy through a prospective registry. […] Some researchers are working to identify IBC-specific drug targets to offer systemic therapy to more patients, but they have faced difficulties, explained Frederick Howard, MD, an instructor of medicine at the UChicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

• #44 Case: Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Inflammatory breast cancer accounts for approximately 1-3% of all breast cancers. An average age at diagnosis ranges between 55-58 years. It is seen almost exclusively in females. […] Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, patients typically present at an advanced stage with distant metastases, which is present in upwards of 20-40% of cases at the initial presentation. […] Given the aggressive nature of the disease, PET/CT is useful in initial evaluation and in staging to determine the extent of lymph node involvement and to detect distant metastasis. It is superior to radionucleotide bone scan in assessment of the osseous metastasis. […] Patients that have undergone all 3 treatment modalities, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy, and radiation therapy have improved outcomes.

• #45 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs and Symptoms – Regional Cancer Care Associates

  https://www.regionalcancercare.org/news/early-signs-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Risk factors for IBC include: […] Women who are younger than age 40 are more likely to be diagnosed with IBC than with other forms of breast cancer. […] IBC is difficult to diagnose in its early stages because there are no lumps that indicate problems. […] According to the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), the following criteria must be met for a diagnosis of IBC: […] In about one out of three cases, patients diagnosed with IBC are already at stage IV. […] Most inflammatory breast cancer guidelines recommend a tri-modality approach, using a combination of systemic therapy (chemotherapy), surgery, and radiation therapy to provide IBC patients with the best local control and survival outcome. […] IBC is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.

• #46 What Women Need to Know About Inflammatory Breast Cancer – National Center for Health Research

  https://www.center4research.org/women-need-know-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The changes that lead to a diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer usually occur over a period of only a few weeks. It is likely that it has already spread to other parts of the body before any symptoms appear. […] Mammograms are not usually effective in detecting inflammatory breast cancer. Even though an MRI exam might provide earlier diagnosis, this is not a realistic option for women without symptoms. A biopsy is needed for an accurate diagnosis. In addition, a diagnosis is more likely if the redness covers at least a third of the breast. […] Treatment is similar to the treatment for other invasive breast cancers including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy. The average survival for patients diagnosed with Stage III inflammatory breast cancer is a little less than five years and the average survival for patients diagnosed with Stage IV inflammatory breast cancer is just under 2 years. Survival rates are significantly worse for African Americans diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer, possibly because they tend to be diagnosed later. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare disease, so the chances of your getting it are quite small. Awareness of what symptoms to look for and of how to go about having those symptoms evaluated is the most important defense against this and any disease.

• #47 Duke Study Highlights Barriers to Inflammatory Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Care | Duke Health Referring Physicians

  https://physicians.dukehealth.org/articles/duke-study-highlights-barriers-inflammatory-breast-cancer-diagnosis-and-care

  As published in Preventive Medicine Reports, a new study by Duke researchers Gayathri Devi, PhD, and Anh N. Tran, PhD, MPH, reveals knowledge gaps and barriers in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosis and care in the primary care setting. […] In rare cancers like IBC, general population disease surveillance data doesnt equally reflect underserved populations, which have a higher incidence of rare breast cancer and worse survival outcomes. […] Devi and Trans survey revealed that difficulty following up with patients and specialists can delay IBC diagnosis and care, which affects underserved populations disproportionately. […] If more PCPs are knowledgeable about these signs, especially in underserved populations, we could help more patients access quicker care and achieve better outcomes, says Devi. […] We know the incidence of later-stage breast cancer is more prevalent in rural areas; we want to dig deeper into that, says Devi.

• #48 CNS Metastases Common in Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Inside Precision Medicine

  https://www.insideprecisionmedicine.com/news-and-features/cns-metastases-common-in-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  A study by researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute provides novel insights into the high incidence of and risk factors for central nervous system metastases (mCNS) in women with inflammatory breast cancer. […] The findings “could have implications for surveillance and prognosis of the disease,” wrote Laura Warren, from the Department of Radiation Oncology and the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and her colleagues in a paper published recently in the journal Cancer. […] However, the researchers note that because current guidelines do not recommend brain imaging for people with breast cancer and most (70%) patients in the current study were diagnosed with mCNS during follow-up of neurologic symptoms. It is therefore likely that the true incidence of mCNS is even higher than reported as a result of undetected, asymptomatic disease.

• #49 A Review of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/a-review-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer-43018

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive disease that is difficult to diagnose. IBC accounts for 1% to 5% of all breast cancers diagnosed in the United States. Although diagnosis is challenging, it is important that all women be screened regularly to identify this cancer at an earlier stage and improve survival. […] According to the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, the IBC incidence rate per 100,000 woman-years increased from 2.0 in 1988-1990 to 2.5 (P .001) in 1997-1999, whereas the non-IBC rate decreased from 108 to 101 (P = .0084). […] According to SEER data, the 5-year relative rate of survival in patients with IBC versus those with non-IBC is about 40% (compared with 87% for all breast cancers combined).

• #50 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive disease that can be difficult to diagnose, progresses rapidly, typically has a poor prognosis. […] Estimates suggest that 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers, and anywhere from 7% to 10% of US breast cancer deaths can be attributed to inflammatory breast cancer. […] According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, based on women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer between 2012 and 2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for inflammatory breast cancer is 39% overall, 52% for regional disease, and 19% for distant disease. […] Factors associated with worse prognosis among patients with inflammatory breast cancer include hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease, 4 or more lymph nodes involved at diagnosis, and a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #51 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Clinical Advisor

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive disease that can be difficult to diagnose, progresses rapidly, and typically has a poor prognosis. […] Estimates suggest that 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers, and anywhere from 7% to 10% of US breast cancer deaths can be attributed to inflammatory breast cancer. […] According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, based on women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer between 2012 and 2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for inflammatory breast cancer is 39% overall, 52% for regional disease, and 19% for distant disease. […] Guidelines recommend that patients with inflammatory breast cancer receive intensive treatment that includes systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation.

• #52 Press Releases

  https://pressroom.cancer.org/releases?item=271

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has made headlines as an unrecognized and misunderstood form of breast cancer. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer accounting for 2.5% of all breast cancer cases, said Dr. Cristofanilli. […] Given the estimation that IBC encompasses 2.5% of all incident breast cancer cases in the U.S., the authors estimate approximately 5000 possible new cases each year. […] A previous report indicates that IBC occurs more frequently in African American women than in white women, and that it is diagnosed in African American women at a much earlier age, which further emphasizes the considerable racial disparities among patients with IBC compared with those with other breast cancers. […] The median overall survival duration among women with IBC is less than four years even with multimodality treatment options.

• #53 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/inflammatory-breast-cancer-5/

  Differences exist among races in the incidence and survival rates in IBC. It is more prevalent in African American, Hispanic American/Latina, and American Indian/Alaskan women than in Caucasian and Asian women. […] The age of onset is earliest in Hispanic American/Latina women with a mean age at diagnosis of 50.5 years compared with 55.2 in African American women and 58.1 in Caucasian women. […] The median survival for Caucasian women is 47.6 months compared with 33.2 months in African American women and 43.1 months in Hispanic American women. […] Higher education seems to have been associated with lower incidence of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive IBC. […] The main indication of neoadjuvant therapy is to downsize the primary tumor for breast preservation, but in the setting of IBC, the role of such therapy is to allow for the feasibility of modified radical mastectomy without leaving positive margins behind, and in parallel, to avoid development of systemic metastases in patients presenting with such aggressive disease.

• #54 Inflammatory breast cancer in 210 patients: A retrospective study on epidemiological, anatomo‑clinical features and therapeutic results

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mco.2018.1773

  In our series, we found that clinical IBC aggressiveness is associated, compared to classical BC with a higher frequency of HR-negative, HER2+ and TN subtypes (59, 32 and 25% of cases, respectively). […] Multimodality therapy with systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy, followed by loco-regional surgery and radiotherapy, became the standard approach and improved IBC survival. […] Our study confirms, the younger age of Tunisian IBC patients, compared to US and European series, the poor prognosis histo and immunohistochemical features with the predominance of HR-, HER2+ and TN subtypes.

• #55 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Identifying IBC as early as possible is necessary to initiate a treatment regimen to sufficiently control the disease. […] Stage IV IBC (with metastasis or a distant SEER stage) has a poor prognosis. Survival rates based on IBC stage at diagnosis are vastly different, ranging from 19% for distant metastases, 52% for regional disease, and 39% for all stages. […] Factors that are associated with worse prognosis among patients with IBC include: HR-negative (estrogen or progesterone receptor) cancers; more than 4 lymph nodes involved at diagnosis; and lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (administered before surgery). […] Whenever possible, patients with IBC should be enrolled in clinical trials due to the highly aggressive nature and rarity of the disease. New and existing treatments can be tested and optimized in clinical trials.

• #56 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive disease that can be difficult to diagnose, progresses rapidly, typically has a poor prognosis. […] Estimates suggest that 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers, and anywhere from 7% to 10% of US breast cancer deaths can be attributed to inflammatory breast cancer. […] According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, based on women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer between 2012 and 2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for inflammatory breast cancer is 39% overall, 52% for regional disease, and 19% for distant disease. […] Factors associated with worse prognosis among patients with inflammatory breast cancer include hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease, 4 or more lymph nodes involved at diagnosis, and a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• #57 Lack of Breastfeeding History in Parous Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival

  https://www.jcancer.org/v08p1726.htm

  Lack of Breastfeeding History in Parous Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival. […] Breastfeeding alters the breast microenvironment, and several lines of evidence suggest the breast microenvironment contributes to the clinical phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer. […] We investigated breastfeeding history as a modifier of locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in parous women with inflammatory breast cancer. […] At a median follow-up of 50 months, BF+ patients had significantly lower risk of LRR (9.0% vs. 23.6%; p=0.01), a lower risk of DM (26.8% vs. 53.8%; p=0.008), and better DFS (73.1% vs. 48.1%; p=0.006) than BF- patients. […] On multivariate analysis, BF+ history was associated with significantly lower risk of DM (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.97; p=0.04) and better DFS (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.93; p=0.04) after adjusting for established predictive and prognostic variables.

• #58 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  The article discusses risk factors for IBC, including being a woman younger than 40, being Black, high BMI, smoking, and having HR-negative tumors. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and outlines the diagnostic process involving physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, biopsy, and staging. […] Approximately 1% to 5% of breast cancers diagnosed are IBC, and most of these cases originate as invasive ductal carcinomas rather than lobular carcinomas. Inflammatory breast cancer progresses rapidly and has often metastasized to nearby lymph nodes or tissues by the time of diagnosis. Approximately 8% to 10% of breast cancer deaths in the US are attributed to IBC. […] Due to the often advanced stage at diagnosis of stage III or higher, IBC has an overall worse prognosis compared with other breast cancers. Historically, the median overall 5-year survival rate for patients with IBC treated with surgery or radiation therapy alone was less than 5%. Now, with the development of multimodal therapies, the overall 5-year survival rates are between 30% and 70%, and improving.

• #59 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Signs and Symptoms – Regional Cancer Care Associates

  https://www.regionalcancercare.org/news/early-signs-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  However, with tri-modality treatments, patients with inflammatory breast cancer have current overall five-year survival rates ranging from 30% to 70%. […] Patients diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer may benefit from participating in a clinical trial. […] For patients with inflammatory breast cancer, there is a lot of skin involvement and treatment involves removing as much cancerous tissue as possible.

• #60 Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Rare and Aggressive Malignancy – Clinical Advisor

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/inflammatory-breast-cancer/

  National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend that patients with suspected inflammatory breast cancer have a history and physical exam by a multidisciplinary team. […] NCCN guidelines recommend fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki as second-line therapy for patients with a HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ and a negative in situ hybridization (ISH) result.

• #61 What is Inflammatory Breast Cancer? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/inflammatory-breast-cancer.html

  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer. Instead of forming a lump, the disease causes the affected breast to become swollen, red and tender, often in a matter of days or weeks. […] IBC represents only 1%-5% of all breast cancer cases in the United States. Due to its aggressive nature, though, it accounts for about 10% of U.S. breast cancer deaths. Early and accurate inflammatory breast cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment by experts who specialize in IBC can make an important difference. […] MD Anderson has played a key role in development of many treatments to improve the survival of inflammatory breast cancer patients. In fact, this is one of the few places with the experience and expertise to offer clinical trials for all stages of inflammatory breast cancer, from newly diagnosed to recurrent/metastatic disease. Current trials include the use of immunotherapy, new targeted therapy regimens and new drug combinations.

• #62 Inflammatory Breast Cancer | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/inflammatory-breast-cancer

  Because inflammatory breast cancer usually develops quickly and spreads aggressively to other parts of the body, women diagnosed with this disease, in general, do not survive as long as women diagnosed with other types of breast cancer. […] Ongoing research, especially at the molecular level, will increase our understanding of how inflammatory breast cancer begins and progresses. […] Participation in clinical trials is an option for many patients with inflammatory breast cancer, and all patients with this disease are encouraged to consider treatment in a clinical trial.

• #63 Inflammatory Breast Cancer – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/ibc-fact-sheet

  Inflammatory breast cancer is generally treated first with systemic chemotherapy to help shrink the tumor, then with surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy. […] Because inflammatory breast cancer usually develops quickly and spreads aggressively to other parts of the body, women diagnosed with this disease, in general, do not survive as long as women diagnosed with other types of breast cancer. […] Ongoing research, especially at the molecular level, will increase our understanding of how inflammatory breast cancer begins and progresses. […] Participation in clinical trials is an option for many patients with inflammatory breast cancer, and all patients with this disease are encouraged to consider treatment in a clinical trial.

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