Rak piersi u mężczyzn

Rak piersi u mężczyzn
Objawy

Rak piersi u mężczyzn stanowi mniej niż 1% wszystkich przypadków raka piersi i najczęściej diagnozowany jest u pacjentów w wieku 60-70 lat. Wczesne objawy obejmują bezbolesny, twardy guzek za brodawką sutkową, zmiany w brodawce (inwersja, wydzielina, zaczerwienienie, łuszczenie) oraz zmiany skórne takie jak „skórka pomarańczowa” czy owrzodzenia. Zaawansowanie choroby ocenia się według systemu TNM, gdzie stadium 0 to rak in situ (około 10% przypadków), a stadium IV oznacza obecność przerzutów do odległych narządów. W porównaniu do kobiet, u mężczyzn rak szybciej przylega do skóry i ściany klatki piersiowej ze względu na mniejszą ilość tkanki piersiowej, a objawy dotyczące brodawki pojawiają się wcześniej. Typ histologiczny najczęściej to inwazyjny rak przewodowy (IDC, ~80%), z wysokim odsetkiem receptorów estrogenowych (ER+ w ~90%) i progesteronowych (PR+), natomiast nadekspresja HER2 jest rzadsza.

Rak piersi u mężczyzn – objawy

Rak piersi u mężczyzn jest rzadką chorobą nowotworową, stanowiącą mniej niż 1% wszystkich przypadków raka piersi. Mimo niskiej częstości występowania, choroba ta może dotknąć mężczyzn w każdym wieku, choć najczęściej diagnozowana jest u osób między 60. a 70. rokiem życia.¹² Wczesne rozpoznanie objawów ma kluczowe znaczenie dla skutecznego leczenia i zwiększenia szans przeżycia.

Najczęstsze objawy pierwotne

Najczęstszym i pierwszym objawem raka piersi u mężczyzn jest wyczuwalny guzek lub zgrubienie w tkance piersiowej. Guzek ten charakteryzuje się następującymi cechami:¹²

Jest najczęściej bezbolesny
Zazwyczaj znajduje się za brodawką sutkową lub w jej pobliżu
Ma twardą konsystencję
Nie przemieszcza się podczas badania palpacyjnego

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Oprócz guzka, do pierwszych objawów raka piersi u mężczyzn należą również zmiany dotyczące brodawki sutkowej:¹²

Wciągnięcie brodawki sutkowej (inwersja) – brodawka sutkowa zaczyna kierować się do wewnątrz
Wydzielina z brodawki sutkowej – często krwista lub przezroczysta
Zmiany w wyglądzie brodawki – zaczerwienienie, łuszczenie się skóry
Ból lub tkliwość w okolicy brodawki sutkowej

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Zauważalne są również zmiany w wyglądzie skóry piersi:¹²

Zaczerwienienie, łuszczenie się lub obrzęk skóry piersi
Wgłębienia lub marszczenie się skóry (tzw. „skórka pomarańczowa”)
Owrzodzenia na skórze piersi lub brodawki sutkowej
Zmiany w kolorze skóry piersi
Asymetria piersi – jedna pierś może być większa od drugiej

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Objawy związane z węzłami chłonnymi

Rak piersi u mężczyzn może dawać objawy również w obrębie węzłów chłonnych, zwłaszcza gdy choroba zaczyna się rozprzestrzeniać poza pierwotne ognisko. Objawy te mogą obejmować:¹²

Guzek lub obrzęk węzłów chłonnych pod pachą po stronie zajętej piersi
Bolesność lub tkliwość węzłów chłonnych
Guzek lub obrzęk węzłów chłonnych w okolicy obojczyka

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Warto zauważyć, że czasami obrzęk węzłów chłonnych może być zauważalny nawet przed wykryciem guza w piersi, gdy pierwotny guz nie jest jeszcze wystarczająco duży, aby można go było wyczuć.¹²

Rak piersi u mężczyzn – etapy zaawansowania i progresja

Postęp raka piersi u mężczyzn można podzielić na różne etapy zaawansowania, które determinują rokowanie i strategię leczenia. Niestety, w porównaniu do kobiet, rak piersi u mężczyzn jest często diagnozowany w późniejszych stadiach choroby, co wpływa na gorsze rokowanie.¹²

Etapy zaawansowania choroby

System TNM (Tumor-Nodes-Metastasis) stosowany jest do klasyfikacji raka piersi u mężczyzn w podobny sposób jak u kobiet:¹²

Stadium 0: Rak in situ (DCIS – rak przewodowy in situ) – około 10% przypadków raka piersi u mężczyzn. Komórki rakowe znajdują się tylko w przewodach i nie rozprzestrzeniają się do innych części piersi.
Stadium I: Guz do 2 cm średnicy, bez zajęcia węzłów chłonnych i bez przerzutów.
Stadium II: Guz między 2 a 5 cm średnicy lub rozprzestrzenienie się do węzłów chłonnych pachowych po tej samej stronie.
Stadium IIIA: Guz powyżej 5 cm średnicy lub zajęcie węzłów chłonnych, które są zrośnięte ze sobą.
Stadium IIIB: Inwazyjny rak piersi, w którym guz dowolnej wielkości rozprzestrzenił się na skórę piersi, ścianę klatki piersiowej lub wewnętrzne węzły chłonne sutkowe.
Stadium IV: Rozprzestrzenienie się poza pierś, pachę i wewnętrzne węzły chłonne. Może obejmować przerzuty do węzłów nadobojczykowych, kości, wątroby, płuc lub mózgu.

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Progresja choroby

Rak piersi u mężczyzn, podobnie jak u kobiet, rozwija się gdy komórki w piersi zaczynają niekontrolowanie się dzielić. Te zmutowane komórki tworzą guz, który może być wyczuwalny jako guzek lub widoczny w badaniach obrazowych.¹²

Progresja raka piersi u mężczyzn często przebiega następująco:¹²

Rozwój komórek rakowych w tkance gruczołowej piersi, najczęściej za brodawką sutkową.
Formowanie się guza pierwotnego, który z czasem rośnie.
Potencjalne rozprzestrzenianie się do okolicznych tkanek, w tym skóry i mięśni klatki piersiowej.
Zajęcie regionalnych węzłów chłonnych, najczęściej pachowych.
W zaawansowanych przypadkach – rozwój przerzutów odległych do innych narządów, takich jak kości, płuca, wątroba czy mózg.

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Występują pewne różnice w progresji choroby u mężczyzn w porównaniu do kobiet:¹²

Ze względu na mniejszą ilość tkanki piersiowej u mężczyzn, guz może wcześniej przylegać do skóry i ściany klatki piersiowej.
Objawy dotyczące brodawki sutkowej pojawiają się zazwyczaj wcześniej w przebiegu choroby niż u kobiet.
Nowotwór może szybciej rozprzestrzeniać się do okolicznych tkanek z powodu mniejszej ilości tkanki piersiowej oddzielającej guz od ściany klatki piersiowej.

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Objawy zaawansowanego raka piersi

Gdy rak piersi u mężczyzn rozprzestrzenia się poza pierwotne ognisko, mogą pojawić się dodatkowe objawy związane z przerzutami do innych narządów:¹²

Ogólne osłabienie i uczucie zmęczenia
Utrata apetytu i niezamierzona utrata masy ciała
Bóle kostne (przy przerzutach do kości)
Duszność i kaszel (przy przerzutach do płuc)
Żółtaczka – zażółcenie skóry i białkówek oczu (przy przerzutach do wątroby)
Bóle głowy, zaburzenia równowagi, drgawki (przy przerzutach do mózgu)
Ogólne złe samopoczucie bez wyraźnej przyczyny

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Czynniki wpływające na progresję choroby

Progresja raka piersi u mężczyzn i rokowanie zależą od wielu czynników:¹²

Stadium zaawansowania w momencie diagnozy – kluczowy czynnik rokowniczy
Typ histologiczny nowotworu – najczęściej jest to inwazyjny rak przewodowy (IDC)
Obecność receptorów hormonalnych – około 80% raków piersi u mężczyzn jest estrogenozależnych
Status HER2 (receptor ludzkiego naskórkowego czynnika wzrostu 2)
Wiek pacjenta i ogólny stan zdrowia
Odpowiedź na zastosowane leczenie

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Przeżycie i rokowanie

Dane dotyczące przeżycia w raku piersi u mężczyzn różnią się w zależności od stadium zaawansowania choroby w momencie diagnozy:¹²

5-letnie względne przeżycie dla mężczyzn z rakiem piersi ogółem wynosi około 84%.
Przy chorobie zlokalizowanej (wykrytej we wczesnym stadium) 5-letnie przeżycie sięga 96%.
Około 3 na 4 mężczyzn leczonych z powodu raka, który rozprzestrzenił się do węzłów chłonnych, ale nie do innych obszarów ciała, pozostaje wolnych od choroby po 5 latach.
10-letnie względne przeżycie dla mężczyzn z rakiem piersi wynosi około 71%.

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Niestety, mężczyźni mają zwykle wyższą śmiertelność z powodu raka piersi niż kobiety, głównie z powodu późniejszego rozpoznania choroby. Około 40% przypadków raka piersi u mężczyzn jest diagnozowanych w stadium III lub IV, gdy choroba jest już zaawansowana.¹²

Rak piersi u mężczyzn – różnice w przebiegu choroby

Przebieg raka piersi u mężczyzn różni się pod pewnymi względami od raka piersi u kobiet, co wymaga szczególnego podejścia zarówno w diagnostyce, jak i leczeniu.¹²

Różnice anatomiczne i ich wpływ na przebieg choroby

Mężczyźni mają znacznie mniejszą ilość tkanki piersiowej niż kobiety, co wpływa na przebieg choroby:¹²

Mniejsza ilość tkanki piersiowej powoduje, że guzy są łatwiejsze do wykrycia poprzez badanie palpacyjne.
Jednocześnie, z powodu bliskiego sąsiedztwa tkanek, rak szybciej przylega do skóry i ściany klatki piersiowej.
Większość guzów lokalizuje się w okolicy zasutkowej, rzadziej w górnym zewnętrznym kwadrancie piersi.
Lewa pierś jest zajęta częściej niż prawa; około 1% przypadków jest obustronnych.

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Różnice w typach histologicznych

U mężczyzn występują podobne typy histologiczne raka piersi jak u kobiet, jednak z inną częstością:¹²

Inwazyjny rak przewodowy (IDC) – najczęstszy typ, stanowiący około 80% przypadków raka piersi u mężczyzn. Rozpoczyna się w przewodzie mlecznym piersi, przebija ścianę przewodu i wrasta w tkankę tłuszczową piersi.
Inwazyjny rak zrazikowy (ILC) – znacznie rzadszy u mężczyzn niż u kobiet ze względu na minimalną ilość tkanki zrazikowej u mężczyzn.
Choroba Pageta brodawki sutkowej – stanowi około 1-3% raków piersi u kobiet, ale wyższy odsetek (5%) raków piersi u mężczyzn.
Zapalny rak piersi – agresywny, ale bardzo rzadki typ raka u mężczyzn. Powoduje obrzęk, zaczerwienienie, ocieplenie i bolesność piersi, zamiast tworzenia wyraźnego guza.

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Różnice w statusie receptorów

Rak piersi u mężczyzn wykazuje pewne różnice w profilu receptorowym w porównaniu do raka u kobiet:¹²

Prawie 90% raków piersi u mężczyzn jest dodatnich pod względem receptora estrogenowego (ER+).
Większość jest również dodatnia pod względem receptora progesteronowego (PR+).
Rak piersi u mężczyzn rzadziej wykazuje nadekspresję receptora HER2.
Potrójnie ujemny rak piersi (bez receptorów ER, PR i HER2) jest znacznie rzadszy u mężczyzn niż u kobiet.

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Różnice w obrazie klinicznym i procesie diagnostycznym

Obraz kliniczny raka piersi u mężczyzn ma pewne cechy charakterystyczne:¹²

Objawy dotyczące brodawki sutkowej (wciągnięcie, wydzielina, zmiany skórne) występują wcześniej w przebiegu choroby niż u kobiet.
Ze względu na brak świadomości choroby wśród mężczyzn, diagnoza jest często opóźniona.
U mężczyzn nie przeprowadza się rutynowych badań przesiewowych (mammografii), co przyczynia się do późniejszego wykrywania choroby.
Mężczyźni często odczuwają zakłopotanie związane z „kobiecą chorobą”, co dodatkowo opóźnia zgłoszenie się do lekarza.

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Różnice w podejściu do leczenia

Leczenie raka piersi u mężczyzn opiera się na podobnych zasadach jak u kobiet, jednak istnieją pewne różnice:¹²

Najczęstszym zabiegiem chirurgicznym u mężczyzn jest mastektomia (usunięcie całej piersi), podczas gdy operacje oszczędzające pierś są wykonywane znacznie rzadziej niż u kobiet.
Ze względu na wysoki odsetek guzów ER-dodatnich, terapia hormonalna (najczęściej tamoksyfen) jest ważnym elementem leczenia u większości mężczyzn.
Leczenie systemowe (chemioterapia, terapia celowana) stosowane jest według podobnych zasad jak u kobiet, ale z uwzględnieniem różnic w profilu receptorowym.
Radioterapia jest zalecana po mastektomii w przypadku guzów większych niż 5 cm lub zajęcia węzłów chłonnych.

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Diagnostyka i rekomendacje

Wczesne rozpoznanie raka piersi u mężczyzn ma kluczowe znaczenie dla skutecznego leczenia. Niestety, ze względu na niską świadomość tej choroby wśród mężczyzn, diagnoza często następuje w późniejszych stadiach.¹²

Diagnostyka raka piersi u mężczyzn

Proces diagnostyczny raka piersi u mężczyzn obejmuje:¹²

Badanie fizykalne – ocena guzka, zmian skórnych, stanu węzłów chłonnych.
Mammografia – podstawowe badanie obrazowe, pozwalające na ocenę zmian w tkance piersiowej.
Ultrasonografia piersi – badanie uzupełniające mammografię, szczególnie przydatne u mężczyzn z gęstą tkanką piersiową.
Biopsja – pobranie próbki tkanki do badania histopatologicznego, kluczowe dla potwierdzenia rozpoznania.
Badania dodatkowe – w przypadku podejrzenia przerzutów: tomografia komputerowa, rezonans magnetyczny, scyntygrafia kości.

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Rekomendacje dla mężczyzn dotyczące samobadania

Pomimo braku oficjalnych wytycznych dotyczących badań przesiewowych u mężczyzn, zaleca się następujące działania profilaktyczne:¹²

Regularnie obserwować i badać okolicę piersi, zwłaszcza pod kątem pojawienia się guzków lub zgrubień.
Zwracać uwagę na zmiany w wyglądzie brodawki sutkowej, takie jak wciągnięcie, wydzielina czy zmiany skórne.
Monitorować wszelkie zmiany skórne w obrębie klatki piersiowej, w tym zaczerwienienie, łuszczenie się czy obrzęk.
Regularnie badać okolice pach pod kątem powiększonych węzłów chłonnych.
Niezwłocznie zgłaszać się do lekarza w przypadku zauważenia jakichkolwiek niepokojących objawów.

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Szczególną czujność powinni zachować mężczyźni z czynnikami ryzyka, takimi jak:¹²

Rodzinne występowanie raka piersi lub jajnika
Mutacje genetyczne (szczególnie BRCA1 i BRCA2)
Wiek powyżej 60 lat
Zaburzenia hormonalne związane z podwyższonym poziomem estrogenów
Przebyta radioterapia klatki piersiowej
Choroby wątroby (np. marskość)
Otyłość

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Wnioski i zalecenia

Rak piersi u mężczyzn, choć rzadki, jest realnym zagrożeniem zdrowotnym. Kluczowe znaczenie ma zwiększanie świadomości społecznej na temat tej choroby oraz promowanie wczesnej diagnostyki:¹²

Każdy nietypowy objaw w obrębie piersi u mężczyzny powinien być skonsultowany z lekarzem.
Nie należy zwlekać z wizytą lekarską ani ignorować objawów z powodu wstydu czy przekonania, że rak piersi dotyczy tylko kobiet.
Wczesne wykrycie raka piersi znacząco zwiększa szanse na skuteczne leczenie i przeżycie.
U mężczyzn z rozpoznanym rakiem piersi konieczne jest również zapewnienie odpowiedniego wsparcia psychologicznego.

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Pomimo że rak piersi u mężczyzn stanowi mniej niż 1% wszystkich przypadków raka piersi, świadomość jego objawów i możliwości wczesnej diagnozy może uratować życie. Szybkie rozpoznanie i wdrożenie odpowiedniego leczenia są kluczowe dla pomyślnego rokowania.¹²

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Materiały źródłowe

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https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men
Breast cancer in men is rare. Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men include: Lump or swelling in the breast tissue. One breast may be larger than the other. A small lump beneath the nipple. Unusual changes in the nipple or skin around the nipple such as redness, scaling, or puckering. Nipple discharge. […] The long-term outlook for men with breast cancer is excellent when the cancer is found and treated early. About 91% of men treated before the cancer has spread to other areas of the body are cancer-free after 5 years. Almost 3 out of 4 men treated for cancer that has spread to lymph nodes but not to other areas of the body are cancer-free at 5 years. Men who have cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body have a smaller chance of long-term survival. […] Contact your provider right away if you notice something unusual about your breast, including any lumps, skin changes, or discharge.
#1 Male breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740
Male breast cancer is a rare cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the breast tissue of men. […] Signs and symptoms of male breast cancer can include: A painless lump or thickening of the skin on the chest. Changes to the skin covering the chest, such as dimpling, puckering, scaling or changes in the color of the skin. Changes to the nipple, such as changes in the skin color or scaling, or a nipple that begins to turn inward. Discharge or bleeding from the nipple. […] Male breast cancer is rare. It happens most often in older men, though it can occur at any age. […] Treatment for male breast cancer typically involves surgery to remove the breast tissue. Other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may be recommended as well.
#1 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/
Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit […] liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it […] changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest […] sores or ulcers on your chest […] a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema). Some of these symptoms, including lumps, are common and can be caused by other conditions. Having the symptoms does not definitely mean you have breast cancer, but it’s important to get checked by a GP. If your symptoms are caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat. If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer. The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. You may also have general symptoms including: feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] feeling or being sick […] difficulty sleeping. You may get an urgent referral for more tests or to see a specialist in hospital if the GP thinks you have symptoms that could be cancer.
#1 Breast cancer in men | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/male-breast-cancer
Breast cancer can develop in men, but this is rare. […] The most common symptoms for men with breast cancer include: lump in the breast that is nearly always painless, oozing from the nipple (a discharge), a nipple that is pulled into the breast (called nipple retraction), swelling of the breast (gynecomastia), a sore (ulcer) in the skin of the breast, lump or swelling under the arm, a rash on or around the nipple. […] If you have any of these symptoms it is important to go to your GP straight away. Finding a cancer early gives the best chance of successful treatment.
#1 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men
Men have breast tissue just like women, but their breasts are less developed. Breast cancer in men is similar to the disease in women, but there are some differences. For the most part, breast cancer in men is treated like breast cancer in women who have reached menopause (when the ovaries stop making estrogen). Less than 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. […] The most common sign of breast cancer in men is a painless lump, usually near or under the nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: discharge or bleeding from the nipple, crusting of the nipple, a nipple that suddenly points inward, or becomes inverted, pain or swelling of the breast, a lump in the armpit (called the axilla), an open sore, or ulcer, on the skin of the breast that doesnât heal. […] Later signs and symptoms occur as the cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, including other organs. Late symptoms of breast cancer in men include: weight loss, bone pain, cough or shortness of breath, jaundice. […] Breast cancer in men is often diagnosed at a later stage than in women. It has usually started to spread to other parts of the body when it is diagnosed.
#1 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617
Breast cancer typically does not cause signs or symptoms until it reaches a relatively advanced stage. In people assigned male at birth, pain or discomfort or changes in the appearance of the breast and surrounding areas may be the first indication of breast cancer. […] Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in this population include: Pain or tenderness in the breast or nipple, A lump in the breast, A lump in the lymph nodes (underneath the armpit), Lymph node tenderness, Dimpling or thickening of the skin of the breast, A sore on the nipple or breast, Nipple discharge, Change in nipple appearance, Discoloration of nipple. […] It is important not to ignore these problems. Report any breast lumps to your healthcare provider since benign lumps are not uncommon in women, but are rare in men.
#1 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NBCFNational Breast Cancer Foundation logoNational Breast Cancer Foundation logo
https://nbcf.org.au/about-breast-cancer/further-information-on-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/
Breast cancer in men is often thought of as a disease that only affects women. Although breast cancer is more common in women, men can get breast cancer too. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those that women experience. These include: A lump in the breast, such as a painless lump close to the nipple. A change in the skin colour, texture and appearance of the breast, such as thickening, swelling or dimpling of the skin. A change in the shape and appearance of the nipple or pectorals (muscles at the front of the chest). Discharge from the nipple. Pain in the breast region. Swollen lymph nodes (glands) under the arm. […] It is important that men speak with their doctor as soon as possible if they notice any new or unusual breast changes. […] If the changes are caused by cancer, finding breast cancer early improves the chances that it can be treated successfully.
#1 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/
You can tell that you have breast cancer if you observe the following symptoms: The nipple and the surrounding area may become red, swollen, and hard; A hard and painless lump on the breast that doesnât move around with the breast; The nipple may turn inwards, nipple retraction; A rush on the nipple that doesnât go away; Swollen glands in the armpit; Nipple discharge steak with blood. […] The swollen glands happen if cancer spreads to the lymph nodes under your arms or around the collar bone even before the original tumor in the breast becomes large. The above changes are not always an indication of male breast cancer. However, you should seek medical attention immediately if you notice breast changes. […] If you observe any of the above symptoms and suspect that they might result from breast cancer, talk to your physician immediately. The physician uses the same techniques used to diagnose breast cancer in women. These include: Physical exam- the physician looks at your breast for change in size, shape, or symmetry; Mammography- the doctor takes an X-ray picture of the breast and uses the mammogram to detect early signs of breast cancer. You need to undergo regular mammograms to help identify cancer during the early stages; A biopsy test involves removing a small piece of tissue from your breast and testing it under a microscope for any signs of cancer cells.
#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457
Male breast cancer is a relatively rare cancer, but it is one that doctors often diagnose in the later stages. Knowing how to recognize the symptoms can help a person get early treatment. […] Some possible symptoms of male breast cancer include: a lump in one breast, which is usually painless; nipple retraction, ulceration, and discharge; skin puckering or dimpling on the breast; discoloration or scaling of the skin on the breast or nipple. […] If cancer spreads, additional symptoms may include: swelling in the lymph nodes in or near the underarm area; breast pain; bone pain. […] For these and other reasons, around 40% of males with breast cancer receive a diagnosis in stage 3 or 4, when the condition has already spread to other parts of the body. As a result, overall survival rates are lower for males than they are for females.
#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer
The tumour, nodes, metastases (TNM) staging system for male breast cancer is identical to the staging system for female breast cancer: Stage 0: around 10% of male breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ. Stage I: tumour up to 2 cms in diameter and no lymph node involvement or metastasis. Stage II: tumour between 2 and 5 cms in diameter or there is spread to the axillary lymph nodes on the same side and the nodes are not adherent. Stage IIIA: tumour is over 5 cms in diameter or the nodes are adherent. Stage IIIB: invasive breast cancer in which a tumour of any size has spread to the breast skin, chest wall or internal mammary lymph nodes and includes inflammatory breast cancer with peau d’orange. Stage IV: spread beyond the breast, axilla and internal mammary nodes. It may have spread to supraclavicular nodes, bone, liver, lung or brain.
#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html
Breast cancer occurs mainly in women, but men can get it, too. Many people do not realize that men have breast tissue and that they can develop breast cancer. […] Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. […] Although many types of breast cancer can cause a lump in the breast, not all do. There are other symptoms of breast cancer you should watch for and report to a health care provider. […] If the cancer cells have spread to your lymph nodes, there is a higher chance that the cells could have also traveled through the lymph system and spread (metastasized) to other parts of your body.
#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer
Male breast cancer develops in breast tissue. Your chest contains undeveloped milk ducts and other tissue where cancer can grow. Without treatment, it can spread throughout your body. Symptoms include a firm, painless lump on one side of your chest. […] The first sign of male breast cancer is often a firm, painless lump in one of your breasts. Usually, its behind a nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: A lump in your armpit, Skin on your chest that looks dimpled or pitted, like the skin of an orange, Red, flaky or scaly skin on your chest or near your nipple, Pain or tenderness in your chest or underarm, Clear or bloody nipple discharge or an inverted nipple (a nipple thats sunken inward). […] Male breast cancer happens when the DNA inside breast cells changes, or mutates. The mutated cells start multiplying rapidly and dont die. Eventually, the cancer cells form masses called tumors. Parts of the tumor may break off and spread to other body parts through your lymphatic system or bloodstream. Cancer thats spread is called metastatic cancer.
#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer
Studies have reported that males more often than females present with breast cancers that have spread to nearby axillary lymph nodes and appear more aggressive based on their microscopic histopathology. […] Men with breast cancer have an absolute risk of presenting with a second cancer in their other breast of 1.75, i.e. they have a 75% increase of developing a contralateral breast cancer over their lifetimes compared to men who develop a breast cancer without having had a prior breast cancer. […] Radiation exposure to the chest or entire body is clearly associated with increased rates of MBC. […] The estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR), and HER2/neu receptors are expressed by breast cancer cells and when active elicit various potentially pro-cancerous responses (e.g. excessive growth) in their parent cells.
#1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq
Tests that examine the breasts are used to diagnose breast cancer in men. […] If cancer is found, tests are done to study the cancer cells. […] Survival for men with breast cancer is similar to survival for women with breast cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.
#1 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More
https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer in men; this cancer begins in the milk ducts and spreads beyond the cells that line the breast ducts. […] Treatment for male breast cancer often involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue as well as chemotherapy and radiation. Nearly all breast cancer in men is estrogen receptor positive (ER+) with treatment including hormonal therapy, just as in 70% of female breast cancer cases. […] Factors that increase a manâs risk of breast cancer include family history of breast cancer, age, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2), and higher estrogen levels. […] It is important for a man to know if he has a breast cancer gene mutation because that mutation can be passed down to his childrenâmale or femaleâincreasing their risk for also developing breast cancer.
#1 Can Men Get Breast Cancer? | Breast Cancer Research Foundation
https://www.bcrf.org/blog/can-men-get-breast-cancer/
Men who have breast cancer may or may not experience signs of the disease. But symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those seen in female breast cancer: A lump or swelling that is usually painless […] Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast […] Nipples that are turned inward (nipple retraction) […] Discharge from the nipple […] Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin. […] Male breast cancer patients have a 19 percent higher mortality rate than women and, unlike female breast cancer in women, survival rates for male breast cancer have not significantly improved in the last 30 years. This is due in part to delays in diagnosis of breast cancer, which are common: Forty percent of male breast cancers are stage 3 or 4 at the time of the initial diagnosis, when prognosis is poorer. […] The overall five-year survival rate for men with breast cancer ranges from about 40 percent to 65 percent. Broken down by stage, survival rates are: Stage 1: 75 to 100 percent […] Stage 2: 50 to 80 percent […] Stage 3: 30 to 60 percent […] Stage 4: 20 to 30 percent.
#1 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer
Breast cancer typically affects women age 50 and older, but it can also affect men. […] Yes, men can get breast cancer, but it’s not common. Approximately 2,600 men develop male breast cancer every year in the United States, making up less than 1% of all cases. […] The condition can affect your breasts in different ways. Some breast cancer symptoms are very distinctive. Others may simply seem like areas of your breast that look very different from any other area. Breast cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms either. But when it does, symptoms may include: A change in the size, shape or contour of your breast. A mass or lump, which may feel as small as a pea. A lump or thickening in or near your breast or in your underarm that persists through your menstrual cycle. A change in the look or feel of your skin on your breast or nipple. Your skin may look dimpled, puckered, scaly or inflamed. It may look red, purple or darker than other parts of your breast. A marble-like hardened area under your skin. A blood-stained or clear fluid discharge from your nipple.
#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a cancer in males that originates in their breasts. Males account for less than 1% of new breast cancers with about 20,000 new cases being diagnosed worldwide every year. Currently, one of every 800 men are estimated to develop this cancer during their lifetimes. […] The handling of MBC has typically followed many of the same protocols established for female breast cancer. Female breast cancer most often presents as a mass found on routine screening mammography or self-examination. It may have attracted attention by its size, tenderness, painfulness, or, less commonly, nipple discharge (which may be bloody), nipple retraction, breast swelling, or appearance of a skin lesion such as an ulcer. […] Due to men’s smaller breast sizes, their breast tumors may become palpable and cause symptoms earlier than those in females. Nonetheless, males tend to lack awareness of breast cancer, may have gynecomastia masking their breast tumors, and may delay seeking medical attention.
#1 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/
The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. […] The lesser amount of breast tissue in men also results in the involvement of chest wall at an early stage. […] The mass is frequently localized to the subareolar region. It is seen less frequently in the upper outer quadrant. […] The left breast is involved more frequently than the right; 1% of the cases are bilateral.
#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html
The most common types of breast cancer are ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma. […] Invasive (or infiltrating) ductal carcinoma (IDC) starts in a milk duct of the breast, breaks through the wall of the duct, and grows into the fatty tissue of the breast. Once it breaks through the wall of the duct, it has the potential to spread to other parts of the body. […] Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) starts in the milk-producing glands (lobules). Like IDC, it can spread to other parts of the breast and body. […] Paget disease may be associated with DCIS or with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. It is rare and accounts for about 1-3% of female breast cancers and a higher percentage (5%) of male breast cancers. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive, but rare type of breast cancer. It makes the breast swollen, red, warm and tender rather than forming a lump. It can be mistaken for an infection of the breast. This is very rare in men.
#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Rate
https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men
Male breast cancer typically includes a lump that can be felt to the touch. It may feel like a thickening under your skin. Typically, its painless. […] There are a lot of other possible breast cancer symptoms that might appear in addition to or instead of a lump. You might notice: Dimpled or puckered skin, Dimpling that looks like the skin of an orange, Redness or scaling on your nipple or skin, Your nipple has turned inward, Nipple discharge, A lump or swelling under your arm or around your collarbone. […] Men tend to be diagnosed with breast cancers that are hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative. […] The spread of cancer from breast to lymph nodes and other parts of the body in men appears to be similar to what women experience. […] The five-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer overall is 84 percent. This means men with breast cancer are 84 percent as likely to live five years beyond their diagnosis as men in the general population. When the cancer is localized, the five-year survival rate is 96 percent. The 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 71 percent.
#1 Delayed presentation, diagnosis, and psychosocial aspects of male breast cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7221437/
Male breast cancer is uncommon, delay in seeking medical attention often results in late presentation and poor prognosis. […] In this study, 6 (10.7%) patients presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis and received palliative systemic treatment only. […] More than 90% of our patients expressed various degrees of embarrassment at the time of breast symptom onset. […] Male breast cancer is rare and patients usually present late, Lack of knowledge, public education, and embarrassment are the important related factors. […] Delayed presentation to medical care is common in male breast cancers, resulting in late presentation and poor prognosis. Reasons for the delayed presentation include lack of awareness of male breast cancer and embarrassment to feminine symptoms. […] In our study, 67.8% had lymph node metastasis on presentation, with 10.7% distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. […] More than 90% of our patients reported feeling uneasy sitting in the waiting halls surrounded by other patients who were strictly female. […] Improved psychosocial support to male breast cancer patients is crucial.
#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer
Similar to breast cancer tumors in women, MBC tumors are treated by surgical removal, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy. However, there are key differences in these treatments between the two sexes. The most common surgical treatment for MBC tumors has been total mastectomy with breast-conserving surgery being performed in a much smaller proportion of males than females. […] The prognosis of MBC, similar to female breast cancer, depends on their cancer’s TNM stage; that stage for stage, the prognoses of MBC appears similar to that in female breast cancer; and that MBC has a somewhat lower 5-year overall survival rate than female breast cancer (82.8% vs. 88.5%, respectively).
#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men
Radiation therapy is sometimes recommended after surgery with the aim of eradicating any cancer cells that may remain. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It may be recommended after surgery, especially if cancer is seen in the lymph nodes. […] Hormone therapy may be used in addition to other treatments. Hormone therapy aims to block the effect of oestrogen or reduce the amount of oestrogen in the body. […] In some cases of breast cancer, your medical team may talk to you about palliative care. Palliative care aims to improve your quality of life by alleviating symptoms of cancer.
#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer
The biggest factors that affect your prognosis (outlook) are the cancer type and stage. The survival rate is higher for early-stage cancers. […] Unfortunately, many men delay seeing their provider. So, most arent diagnosed until the cancer has already advanced. At this point, its much harder to treat.
#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men
Breast cancer is uncommon in men. It is estimated that more than 221 men were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2024. The average age at diagnosis is 71 years old. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those for women and include: a breast lump, thickening of the breast tissue, dimpling of the skin of the breast, change in shape of the breast or nipple, a discharge from the nipple, a painful area, swollen lymph nodes in the armpit area. […] Tests for diagnosing breast cancer in men are the same as those for women. They include: Mammogram – a low-dose x-ray of the breasts, Breast ultrasound – a painless scan using soundwaves to create a picture of your breast, Biopsy – where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under microscope by a specialist. […] Treatment depends on the extent of the cancer. The main treatment for breast cancer in men is surgical removal of the breast (mastectomy). The whole breast is removed, including the nipple.
#1 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men
https://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men
The first symptom that some men noticed was an inverted nipple, either without or before finding a lump. […] A lack of pain sometimes meant that men waited some time before asking a doctor about their inverted nipple. […] In addition to feeling a lump, Mohammad noticed that he was bleeding from his nipple. […] Mohammad ignored a lump at first, although it sometimes bled. One day he found a large blood stain on his vest and he went to the doctor, who initially thought it was an infection. […] When Robert noticed a lump, he never thought it could be cancer. He didn’t talk to anyone about it for a few months. It gradually got bigger and he sometimes felt an odd sensation. […] The thing I want to get over is if you’ve, any male or female has a lump on their breast, go down, immediately, to the doctor otherwise, if you delay it, of course, the cancer can spread. […] Several men advised others not to delay seeing their GP if they noticed any unusual breast symptoms.
#1 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in males
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms
Men should pay attention to changes in their nipples. Bleeding, discharge (other than breast milk), or nipple inversion are potential indicators of breast cancer. Any unexplained changes in the appearance or texture of the nipple should prompt immediate medical consultation. […] Breast cancer can cause changes in the skin around the breast area. This might manifest as redness, scaling, or other noticeable alterations in the skin texture. Men should be vigilant about these changes and seek medical advice if such symptoms occur. […] A healthcare professional should evaluate persistent discomfort, pain, or tenderness in the breast area, although not always indicative of cancer. Men often overlook these symptoms, assuming they are due to other factors. However, any prolonged discomfort should be investigated thoroughly. […] Breast cancer can lead to the enlargement of lymph nodes under the arm or around the collarbone. While swollen lymph nodes can result from various causes, their persistence should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying issues.
#1 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/
Breast Cancer can occur to anyone. […] The reasons for Breast Cancer include: […] The female hormone estrogen is responsible for the growth and division of breast cells. Elevated levels of estrogen due to some diseases or conditions contribute to the development of Breast Cancer. […] In this genetic condition, men are born with an extra X chromosome. They have higher levels of estrogen and lower levels of androgens (male hormones) in their bodies. So, they are at a higher risk of developing Breast Cancer. […] Liver cirrhosis in men can increase the estrogen and decrease the male hormones. It increases the chances of Breast Cancer in men. […] Some testicular cancers or testicle injuries increase estrogen levels in men. Thus, increase the risk of developing Breast Cancer. […] The factors that increase the risk of getting Breast Cancer include:
#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457
When it comes to breast cancer, males have a lower overall survival rate than females. […] For this reason, it is essential to seek help as soon as a person notices any changes in the breast. Early stage breast cancer responds well to treatment. […] If a male receives a diagnosis of breast cancer in the early stages, there is a good chance of effective treatment. […] However, it can sometimes be hard to get an early diagnosis since the condition is rare and can resemble other conditions that are not cancerous. For this reason, diagnosis may come at a later stage. […] Being aware of the signs and symptoms of male breast cancer increases the chance of getting early treatment.
#1 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/
Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer include: bone pain, swelling of the lymph nodes (glands), usually in or around the armpit, shortness of breath, feeling unusually tired all the time, feeling sick (nausea), itchy skin with yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] If you have symptoms of breast cancer, such as a hard, painless lump in one of your breasts, your GP will carefully examine you. […] Its likely your GP will refer you for further tests if theres a possibility you may have breast cancer. […] A cure may be possible if breast cancer is diagnosed at an early stage. However, treatment can only be used to control symptoms and slow the spread of the cancer if its diagnosed at a later stage. Unfortunately, more than 40% of breast cancers in men are diagnosed at a late stage.
#2 Male Breast Cancer | Cedars-Sinai
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/male-breast-cancer.html
Breast cancer in men is rare, but about 2,350 men find out they have breast cancer each year. About 440 die of breast cancer each year. Like women’s breast cancer, men’s breast cancer can be cured or controlled if found early and treated right away. […] The first symptom that most men notice is a painless lump. Other symptoms are: Nipple discharge (clear or bloody), Inverted nipple (pointing inward rather than outward), Sores on the nipple or areola, Enlarged lymph nodes in the underarms. […] Men with breast cancer are most often diagnosed at a later age than women; the normal age of diagnosis in men is 65.
#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer
Male breast cancer develops in breast tissue. Your chest contains undeveloped milk ducts and other tissue where cancer can grow. Without treatment, it can spread throughout your body. Symptoms include a firm, painless lump on one side of your chest. […] The first sign of male breast cancer is often a firm, painless lump in one of your breasts. Usually, its behind a nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: A lump in your armpit, Skin on your chest that looks dimpled or pitted, like the skin of an orange, Red, flaky or scaly skin on your chest or near your nipple, Pain or tenderness in your chest or underarm, Clear or bloody nipple discharge or an inverted nipple (a nipple thats sunken inward). […] Male breast cancer happens when the DNA inside breast cells changes, or mutates. The mutated cells start multiplying rapidly and dont die. Eventually, the cancer cells form masses called tumors. Parts of the tumor may break off and spread to other body parts through your lymphatic system or bloodstream. Cancer thats spread is called metastatic cancer.
#2 About Breast Cancer in Men | Breast Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html
Breast cancer is most often found in women, but men can get breast cancer too. About 1 out of every 100 breast cancers diagnosed in the United States is found in a man. […] The most common symptoms of breast cancer in men are: A lump or swelling in the breast. Redness or flaky skin in the breast. Irritation or dimpling of breast skin. Nipple discharge. Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area. […] These symptoms can happen with other conditions that are not cancer. If you have any symptoms or changes, see your doctor right away. […] As in women, treatment for breast cancer in men depends on how big the tumor is and how far it has spread. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.
#2 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men
Breast cancer is uncommon in men. It is estimated that more than 221 men were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2024. The average age at diagnosis is 71 years old. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those for women and include: a breast lump, thickening of the breast tissue, dimpling of the skin of the breast, change in shape of the breast or nipple, a discharge from the nipple, a painful area, swollen lymph nodes in the armpit area. […] Tests for diagnosing breast cancer in men are the same as those for women. They include: Mammogram – a low-dose x-ray of the breasts, Breast ultrasound – a painless scan using soundwaves to create a picture of your breast, Biopsy – where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under microscope by a specialist. […] Treatment depends on the extent of the cancer. The main treatment for breast cancer in men is surgical removal of the breast (mastectomy). The whole breast is removed, including the nipple.
#2 Breast Cancer in Men > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer
Symptoms include a lump in the breast, swollen lymph nodes under armpit, nipple changes […] Symptoms for breast cancer in men may include: […] Lump in the breast, often beneath the areola (usually painless) […] Lump(s) in the lymph nodes under the armpit nearest the affected breast […] Nipple changes (inverted nipple, rash or scales around nipple, nipple discharge) […] Reddening of breast skin […] Pitted or dimpled breast skin. […] Since men are usually less familiar with its signs and symptoms and because many are unaware that they can be affected by it their breast cancer is often not diagnosed until its in a later, more advanced stage. […] The outlook for men diagnosed with breast cancer depends on several factors including the stage at which the cancer is caught, the extent of spread, and type of tumor, among others. In general, the prognosis is best when the cancer is detected at an early stage. That’s why it is important for men who notice symptoms of breast cancer to see a doctor for evaluation.
#2 Breast cancer in men Information | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men
Breast cancer in men is rare. Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men include: Lump or swelling in the breast tissue. One breast may be larger than the other. A small lump beneath the nipple. Unusual changes in the nipple or skin around the nipple such as redness, scaling, or puckering. Nipple discharge. […] The long-term outlook for men with breast cancer is excellent when the cancer is found and treated early. About 91% of men treated before the cancer has spread to other areas of the body are cancer-free after 5 years. Almost 3 out of 4 men treated for cancer that has spread to lymph nodes but not to other areas of the body are cancer-free at 5 years. Men who have cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body have a smaller chance of long-term survival. […] Contact your provider right away if you notice something unusual about your breast, including any lumps, skin changes, or discharge.
#2 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Exams
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer
Any change or lump on the chest or underarm could be a sign of male breast cancer. […] Because people assigned male at birth may not be as familiar with breast cancer symptoms, it can be easily missed in the early stages. Signs such as fatigue and unintentional weight loss may occur as the cancer spreads. […] The first sign of breast cancer in people assigned male at birth is likely to be a lump on the chest or underarm. […] Other signs and symptoms of breast cancer include: scaling, flaking, or thickening skin; puckering or dimpling of the skin; swelling, redness; change in the size or shape of the chest or breast area; inverted or misshapen nipple; clear or bloody nipple discharge; persistent rash or sores on or around the nipple; pain in or around the nipple; swollen lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone.
#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617
Breast cancer typically does not cause signs or symptoms until it reaches a relatively advanced stage. In people assigned male at birth, pain or discomfort or changes in the appearance of the breast and surrounding areas may be the first indication of breast cancer. […] Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in this population include: Pain or tenderness in the breast or nipple, A lump in the breast, A lump in the lymph nodes (underneath the armpit), Lymph node tenderness, Dimpling or thickening of the skin of the breast, A sore on the nipple or breast, Nipple discharge, Change in nipple appearance, Discoloration of nipple. […] It is important not to ignore these problems. Report any breast lumps to your healthcare provider since benign lumps are not uncommon in women, but are rare in men.
#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617
The diagnosis of breast cancer in cisgender men is usually initiated after symptoms develop. In these cases, a mammogram may be used for diagnostic purposes. […] Potential symptoms of recurrence in assigned males include new lumps, bone pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal pain, and persistent headaches. […] While breast cancer in those assigned male at birth is rare, it does occur. Initial symptoms may include pain or a lump in the breast.
#2 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men
https://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men
There are a number of symptoms which might suggest that a man has breast cancer. […] Most commonly, the first symptom of breast cancer that is noticed is a painless lump around the nipple where most of the breast tissue is. Lumps can be in another area of the chest too. […] Other symptoms include: changes in the nipple, the nipple flattens or turns inwards (inverted nipple), the nipple may become itchy, or it might bleed or ooze some other discharge (liquid), a rash affecting the nipple, the nipple might become tender or painful, changes in the size or shape of the breast, swelling of the breast or a lump in the armpit, an ulcer or sore on the breast, a swollen lymph node under the arm. […] Although many lumps which turn out to be breast cancer can be painless and have no other associated symptoms, some men were conscious of other sensations, discomfort or symptoms.
#2 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457
When it comes to breast cancer, males have a lower overall survival rate than females. […] For this reason, it is essential to seek help as soon as a person notices any changes in the breast. Early stage breast cancer responds well to treatment. […] If a male receives a diagnosis of breast cancer in the early stages, there is a good chance of effective treatment. […] However, it can sometimes be hard to get an early diagnosis since the condition is rare and can resemble other conditions that are not cancerous. For this reason, diagnosis may come at a later stage. […] Being aware of the signs and symptoms of male breast cancer increases the chance of getting early treatment.
#2 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html
Breast cancer occurs mainly in women, but men can get it, too. Many people do not realize that men have breast tissue and that they can develop breast cancer. […] Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. […] Although many types of breast cancer can cause a lump in the breast, not all do. There are other symptoms of breast cancer you should watch for and report to a health care provider. […] If the cancer cells have spread to your lymph nodes, there is a higher chance that the cells could have also traveled through the lymph system and spread (metastasized) to other parts of your body.
#2 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in males
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms
Men should pay attention to changes in their nipples. Bleeding, discharge (other than breast milk), or nipple inversion are potential indicators of breast cancer. Any unexplained changes in the appearance or texture of the nipple should prompt immediate medical consultation. […] Breast cancer can cause changes in the skin around the breast area. This might manifest as redness, scaling, or other noticeable alterations in the skin texture. Men should be vigilant about these changes and seek medical advice if such symptoms occur. […] A healthcare professional should evaluate persistent discomfort, pain, or tenderness in the breast area, although not always indicative of cancer. Men often overlook these symptoms, assuming they are due to other factors. However, any prolonged discomfort should be investigated thoroughly. […] Breast cancer can lead to the enlargement of lymph nodes under the arm or around the collarbone. While swollen lymph nodes can result from various causes, their persistence should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying issues.
#2 Types of Male Breast Cancer: Stages, Symptoms & Treatment
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/male_breast_cancer/article_em.htm
Breast cancer in men is similar to female breast cancer in terms of types, symptoms, and treatment. […] The most common symptoms of breast cancer in men include: A lump or painless mass or thickening in the breast region or underarm, Any changes in the size or shape of the breast, A dimple in the breast’s skin, which appears like an orange’s skin, Inverted nipples (pointed inward), A scaly red and swollen area on the breast, nipple, or areola region (a dark skin region around the nipple), Any fluid discharge from the nipple, especially blood discharge. […] Breast cancer develops when breast cells proliferate uncontrollably. These cells usually combine to form a tumor, felt as a mass (lump), which can be seen on an X-ray. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can enter surrounding tissues or metastasize (spread to other body parts).
#2 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a cancer in males that originates in their breasts. Males account for less than 1% of new breast cancers with about 20,000 new cases being diagnosed worldwide every year. Currently, one of every 800 men are estimated to develop this cancer during their lifetimes. […] The handling of MBC has typically followed many of the same protocols established for female breast cancer. Female breast cancer most often presents as a mass found on routine screening mammography or self-examination. It may have attracted attention by its size, tenderness, painfulness, or, less commonly, nipple discharge (which may be bloody), nipple retraction, breast swelling, or appearance of a skin lesion such as an ulcer. […] Due to men’s smaller breast sizes, their breast tumors may become palpable and cause symptoms earlier than those in females. Nonetheless, males tend to lack awareness of breast cancer, may have gynecomastia masking their breast tumors, and may delay seeking medical attention.
#2 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide. […] The most common presentations are painless palpable mass, skin ulceration, and nipple retraction or discharge in approximately 75% of the cases, similar to women. […] Male patients are frequently at a higher age than female breast cancer (FBC) at diagnosis (510 years older) and at a higher stage (27, 5659). […] It is evident that the disease is diagnosed at more advanced stages in men as compared to women. In fact, more than 40% of the patients are already at stage 3 or 4 when they present to the clinic. […] The staging of the disease during presentation is as follows on the basis of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system presented by the largest case series in the literature: Stage 1: 37%, stage II: 21%, stage III: 33%, stage IV: 9%.
#2 Male Breast Cancer Symptoms
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297
In men, symptoms involving the nipple tend to occur earlier in the course of the disease than in women. These signs and symptoms can include: A nipple that feels hard or looks swollen, Retraction (the nipple is pulling, turning inwards, or flattening), Redness, rash, or scaling around the nipple that doesn’t go away, Tenderness, sensitivity, pain. […] Nipple discharge, which may be clear or tinged with blood, is a less common sign of breast cancer. Nipple discharge usually occurs along with other breast changes, though it may also occur as the only symptom. […] Changes to the skin on or near the breasts may include: General irritation, redness, a rash that doesn’t clear up, Variations in skin color, Puckering, pitting, or dimpling resembling the appearance of an orange peel, One or more open sores (ulcerations).
#2 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/
Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer include: bone pain, swelling of the lymph nodes (glands), usually in or around the armpit, shortness of breath, feeling unusually tired all the time, feeling sick (nausea), itchy skin with yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). […] If you have symptoms of breast cancer, such as a hard, painless lump in one of your breasts, your GP will carefully examine you. […] Its likely your GP will refer you for further tests if theres a possibility you may have breast cancer. […] A cure may be possible if breast cancer is diagnosed at an early stage. However, treatment can only be used to control symptoms and slow the spread of the cancer if its diagnosed at a later stage. Unfortunately, more than 40% of breast cancers in men are diagnosed at a late stage.
#2
https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cancerofthebreast,male/
Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the breast tissue, which everyone has in their chest. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit, liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it, changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest, sores or ulcers on your chest, a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema). […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer. […] The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. It can spread anywhere, but it most commonly affects the bones, liver, lungs or brain. […] You may also have general symptoms including: feeling tired or having no energy, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to, feeling unwell with no clear cause, feeling or being sick, difficulty sleeping.
#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/
Cancer cells may spread to the lymph nodes of the chest wall or the skin. […] Cancer cells spread to other body parts such as the liver, brain, lungs, and bones. […] Male Breast Cancer has good chances of being cured if diagnosed at an early stage. […] If you experience any signs of cancer such as a lump, pain in the breast tissue, discharge from the nipple, or change in the shape of the breast, immediately consult your doctor. […] Male Breast Cancer is rare but may be aggressive. […] The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) suggests a 5-year relative survival rate based on the area in which cancer spread.
#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Rate
https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men
Male breast cancer typically includes a lump that can be felt to the touch. It may feel like a thickening under your skin. Typically, its painless. […] There are a lot of other possible breast cancer symptoms that might appear in addition to or instead of a lump. You might notice: Dimpled or puckered skin, Dimpling that looks like the skin of an orange, Redness or scaling on your nipple or skin, Your nipple has turned inward, Nipple discharge, A lump or swelling under your arm or around your collarbone. […] Men tend to be diagnosed with breast cancers that are hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative. […] The spread of cancer from breast to lymph nodes and other parts of the body in men appears to be similar to what women experience. […] The five-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer overall is 84 percent. This means men with breast cancer are 84 percent as likely to live five years beyond their diagnosis as men in the general population. When the cancer is localized, the five-year survival rate is 96 percent. The 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 71 percent.
#2 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer
Experts know breast cancer happens when breast cells mutate and become cancerous cells that divide and multiply to create tumors. They aren’t sure what triggers that change. However, research shows there are several risk factors that may increase your chances of developing breast cancer. These include: Age: Being 55 or older. Sex: Women are much more likely to develop the condition than men. […] The most significant complication is metastatic breast cancer breast cancer that spreads to other areas of your body, including your brain, bones, liver and lungs. Studies show about 1 in 3 women who have early-stage cancer later develop metastatic breast cancer.
#2 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/
The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. […] The lesser amount of breast tissue in men also results in the involvement of chest wall at an early stage. […] The mass is frequently localized to the subareolar region. It is seen less frequently in the upper outer quadrant. […] The left breast is involved more frequently than the right; 1% of the cases are bilateral.
#2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/
You can tell that you have breast cancer if you observe the following symptoms: The nipple and the surrounding area may become red, swollen, and hard; A hard and painless lump on the breast that doesnât move around with the breast; The nipple may turn inwards, nipple retraction; A rush on the nipple that doesnât go away; Swollen glands in the armpit; Nipple discharge steak with blood. […] The swollen glands happen if cancer spreads to the lymph nodes under your arms or around the collar bone even before the original tumor in the breast becomes large. The above changes are not always an indication of male breast cancer. However, you should seek medical attention immediately if you notice breast changes. […] If you observe any of the above symptoms and suspect that they might result from breast cancer, talk to your physician immediately. The physician uses the same techniques used to diagnose breast cancer in women. These include: Physical exam- the physician looks at your breast for change in size, shape, or symmetry; Mammography- the doctor takes an X-ray picture of the breast and uses the mammogram to detect early signs of breast cancer. You need to undergo regular mammograms to help identify cancer during the early stages; A biopsy test involves removing a small piece of tissue from your breast and testing it under a microscope for any signs of cancer cells.
#2 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More
https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer in men; this cancer begins in the milk ducts and spreads beyond the cells that line the breast ducts. […] Treatment for male breast cancer often involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue as well as chemotherapy and radiation. Nearly all breast cancer in men is estrogen receptor positive (ER+) with treatment including hormonal therapy, just as in 70% of female breast cancer cases. […] Factors that increase a manâs risk of breast cancer include family history of breast cancer, age, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2), and higher estrogen levels. […] It is important for a man to know if he has a breast cancer gene mutation because that mutation can be passed down to his childrenâmale or femaleâincreasing their risk for also developing breast cancer.
#2 Breast Cancer in Men – United Hospital Center Oncology
https://wvcancercenter.com/breast-cancer-in-men/
Invasive ductal carcinoma originates in the milk duct of a breast. […] Approximately 80 percent of male breast cancer cases involve invasive ductal carcinoma. […] Invasive lobular carcinoma starts in the lobules of the breast. […] Paget disease of the nipple is one type that appears more often in men than women. […] Inflammatory breast cancer is extremely aggressive, but it is rare in men. […] Men can also develop benign breast tumors, but this too is quite rare for their gender.
#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer
Male breast cancer tends to present at a later stage and at a higher stage; it is more often ER+ and progesterone receptor-positive and it is less often HER2 receptor-positive. […] Symptoms: Painless lump. Pain (rarely). Nipple inversion or discharge. Skin changes – eg, ulceration. Gynaecomastia – very rarely (see box, below). […] Signs: Skin change. Palpable mass. Palpable lymph nodes. […] Red flags which increase suspicion of breast cancer in men who present with gynaecomastia: Unilateral enlargement. Rapidly enlarging. Recent onset. Central (70-90%) or eccentric. Irregular. Rubbery. Fixed. Nipple deformity or discharge. Thickened, red, or ulcerated skin. Axillary lymphadenopathy. […] Infiltrating ductal cancer is the most common tumour type. Inflammatory carcinoma and Paget’s disease of the breast have also been seen in men. Lymph node involvement and the pattern of metastatic spread are similar to those found in female breast cancer.
#2 Breast Cancer in Men: Recognizing Symptoms, Reducing Risk – American Oncology Network
https://www.aoncology.com/2020/06/15/breast-cancer-in-men-recognizing-symptoms-reducing-risk/
Consequently, psychological care is a big component of treating breast cancer in men, especially for patients with estrogen-receptor-positive cancer the most common form of breast cancer wherein estrogen receptors on the surface of the cell bind to estrogen and enable the cancer to grow. […] It is important to remember that cancer can happen to anyone and while breast cancer in men is rare, it is real and can be deadly.
#2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/
Menâs breast cancer is one of the rarest cancers. The American Cancer Society (ACS) indicates that the maleâs lifetime risk of breast cancer is approximately 1 in 833. For this reason, doctors mainly diagnose it at a later stage. […] The best way to start early treatment and increase your chances of healing is to diagnose it during the early stages. But unfortunately, early diagnosis is not always possible since thereâs less awareness among men. […] Women know how to look out for changes that may indicate the presence of breast, unlike men, who have little knowledge about what and how to look for breast cancer symptoms. Therefore, men are less likely to seek help at early stages. […] The other factor that leads to delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in men is that the disease affects men differently. Since men have less breast tissue than women, detecting small lumps is hard. In addition, cancer has less room for growth within the breast, making it spread faster to the surrounding tissues.
#2 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Support and Treatments | UC Health
https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/male-breast-cancer
A more advanced stage at diagnosis can be associated with a less favorable outcome. […] The five-year survival rate based on initial male breast cancer stages is as follows: Stage 0: 100%, Stage I: 100%, Stage II: 91%, Stage III: 72%, Stage IV: 20%. […] The treatment of male breast cancer today is very similar to that recommended for female breast cancer. […] Local control options for male breast cancer include mastectomy or breast cancer conservation with lumpectomy and radiation. […] Because most breast cancers in men present as a lump and men generally have less breast tissue than women, many men elect to have a mastectomy, which removes all the identified breast tissue. […] Chemotherapy, a chemical treatment, is used to kill cancer cells that can spread using the blood or lymphatic system.
#2 Male Breast Cancer – UChicago Medicine
https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer
If a man has hormone-driven breast cancer, then he is typically prescribed antiestrogen therapy, typically the drug tamoxifen, for five or more years. […] The majority of breast cancers in both men and women are hormone driven. […] If breast cancer is suspected, a man will likely undergo imaging tests, such as a mammogram, ultrasound, and/or an MRI. Ultimately, a biopsy must be performed to rule out or confirm that a patient has breast cancer.
#2 Understanding Male Breast Lumps: Symptoms and Characteristics
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer-understanding-lumps-and-symptoms
Common warning signs include the presence of a lump or swelling in the breast, pain or tenderness, changes in the nipple (such as inversion or discharge), and alterations in the skin over the breast (like discoloration or dimpling). […] Prompt medical attention can lead to more effective treatment and better management of the condition.
#2 Breast Cancer in Men: Recognizing Symptoms, Reducing Risk – American Oncology Network
https://www.aoncology.com/2020/06/15/breast-cancer-in-men-recognizing-symptoms-reducing-risk/
Breast cancer occurs in 1 of every 83 men and carries a 5% mortality rate. […] Symptoms include a lump or thickening in or near the breast or underneath an arm. A dimpling or puckering of the skin known as peau d’orange can also be a symptom, particularly of inflammatory breast cancer, and the nipple of the breast may be inverted. Another thing to look for is nipple secretion, which can be especially concerning if the drainage is blood. […] Like women, men should do routine self-examinations and check for thickening or lumps in the breasts. […] If any irregularities are noticed, reach out to a physician immediately. […] In the event of a tumor, the procedure for men is the same as women a biopsy followed by a diagnosis, and then the decision whether to do surgery with or without chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/
Breast Cancer can occur to anyone. […] The reasons for Breast Cancer include: […] The female hormone estrogen is responsible for the growth and division of breast cells. Elevated levels of estrogen due to some diseases or conditions contribute to the development of Breast Cancer. […] In this genetic condition, men are born with an extra X chromosome. They have higher levels of estrogen and lower levels of androgens (male hormones) in their bodies. So, they are at a higher risk of developing Breast Cancer. […] Liver cirrhosis in men can increase the estrogen and decrease the male hormones. It increases the chances of Breast Cancer in men. […] Some testicular cancers or testicle injuries increase estrogen levels in men. Thus, increase the risk of developing Breast Cancer. […] The factors that increase the risk of getting Breast Cancer include:
#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/
One of the most crucial risk factors for Breast Cancer in men is aging. Men above the age of 60 are at a high risk of developing Breast Cancer. […] Men whose blood relatives have had cancer are at risk of getting Breast Cancer. […] Being overweight or obese increases the risk of Breast Cancer. […] Lack of physical activity increases the risk of Breast Cancer. […] Consuming two or more alcoholic drinks a day may increase the risk of Breast Cancer because of its effect on the liver. […] After diagnosing cancer, your doctor will determine the stage of your cancer based on the size, location, and spread of the tumor to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. […] The cancer cells are present only in the ducts and do not spread to any other part. […] The tumor is small and does not spread to the lymph nodes.
#2
#2 What are the symptoms of male breast cancer and how common is it? | The Independent | The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/male-breast-cancer-mens-health-week-signs-symptoms-how-to-check-a8951986.html
Men can still be diagnosed with breast cancer, albeit in far rarer circumstances. […] The most common symptom for breast cancer that men need to look out for is a lump in the breast tissue that can be felt close to the nipple. […] Additional signs of breast cancer can include symptoms such as liquid discharge being emitted from the nipple; a nipple that’s inverted or feels sensitive; swelling in the chest area; ulcers in the chest or nipple area; or lymph nodes in the armpit area, as outlined by Breast Cancer Care. […] The majority of men diagnosed with breast cancer may have to undergo a mastectomy, explains Breast Health UK. […] As with female breast cancer, if the cancer is caught in the early stages, a cure may be possible, Breast Health UK states. […] This is why early detection is important as once the cancer becomes more advanced, the prognosis and survival will be worse and long-term cure may not be possible.
#2 Can men get breast cancer? 10 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/male-breast-cancer-what-men-should-know.h00-158826489.html
Breast cancer develops from cells in the breast tissue. It is often thought of as a woman’s disease. But men can get breast cancer, too. […] The most common symptom of male breast cancer is a painless lump in the chest. The lump is typically under the nipple or close to the nipple. […] Sometimes, men will notice a hard mass stuck to the chest wall. Men have less breast tissue than women, so its common for a tumor to attach to the skin. This may look like a skin ulcer. […] Other symptoms of male breast cancer can include: Bloody discharge from the nipple, Nipple inversion. […] If the cancer has spread beyond the breast, symptoms may include: Lymph nodes in the armpit, Pain, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] On average, male breast cancer tends to be diagnosed in its later stages. […] Male breast cancer is curable in most cases. Curability depends on the cancers stage at diagnosis. […] In general, the survival rate for men diagnosed with breast cancer is slightly lower than it is for women. On average, men are diagnosed at an older age and when the disease is more advanced.
#3 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, and When to See a Doctor
https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/can-men-get-breast-cancer
Though rare, men can develop breast cancer and account for about 1 in 100 cases of breast cancer. […] Symptoms of breast cancer in men include lumps, inversion of the nipples, or nipple discharge. […] Signs and symptoms of male breast cancer can include: Lump or swelling under the nipple (often painless, but not always), Nipple discharge, Rash or redness of nipples, Inversion of the nipples, Nipple ulceration (late sign). […] If you notice any changes in your skin color, new rashes, lumps, or bumps, you should seek medical help right away. […] Specifically for male breast cancer, any change involving the nipple may be a sign that there is an underlying cancer.
#3 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Exams
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer
Once breast cancer starts to spread, other symptoms may include: fatigue; unexplained weight loss; shortness of breath; bone aches and pains; yellowing of the skin, or jaundice; generally feeling unwell. […] The most common sign of male breast cancer is a lump or hard mass in the breast area. Other signs include changes to the nipple or skin. Breast cancer lumps can also form under the arm or near the collarbone. […] Male breast cancer can develop at any age, but the risk increases after age 60.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Breast cancer in men Information | Mount Sinai – New Yorkhttps://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Male breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740

#1 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHShttps://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Breast cancer in men | Cancer Research UKhttps://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/male-breast-cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Societyhttps://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatmenthttps://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#1 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NBCFNational Breast Cancer Foundation logoNational Breast Cancer Foundation logohttps://nbcf.org.au/about-breast-cancer/further-information-on-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialistshttps://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatmenthttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctorhttps://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer

#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Societyhttps://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCIhttps://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & Morehttps://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

#1 Can Men Get Breast Cancer? | Breast Cancer Research Foundationhttps://www.bcrf.org/blog/can-men-get-breast-cancer/

#1 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Male Breast Cancerhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Societyhttps://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Ratehttps://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Delayed presentation, diagnosis, and psychosocial aspects of male breast cancerhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7221437/

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Councilhttps://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Councilhttps://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in menhttps://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in maleshttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms

#1 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatmentshttps://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatmenthttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#1 Breast cancer in men | NHS informhttps://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

#2 Male Breast Cancer | Cedars-Sinaihttps://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/male-breast-cancer.html

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#2 About Breast Cancer in Men | Breast Cancer | CDChttps://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html

#2 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Councilhttps://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Breast Cancer in Men > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicinehttps://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer

#2 Breast cancer in men Information | Mount Sinai – New Yorkhttps://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Examshttps://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer

#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatmenthttps://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatmenthttps://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#2 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in menhttps://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatmenthttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#2 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Societyhttps://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#2 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in maleshttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms

#2 Types of Male Breast Cancer: Stages, Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://www.emedicinehealth.com/male_breast_cancer/article_em.htm

#2 Male breast cancer – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#2 Male Breast Cancerhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#2 Male Breast Cancer Symptomshttps://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297

#2 Breast cancer in men | NHS informhttps://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

#2https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cancerofthebreast,male/

#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatmentshttps://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Ratehttps://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

#2 Male Breast Cancerhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialistshttps://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & Morehttps://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

#2 Breast Cancer in Men – United Hospital Center Oncologyhttps://wvcancercenter.com/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctorhttps://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer

Rak piersi u mężczyzn
Objawy

#1 Breast cancer in men Information | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Male breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740

#1 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Breast cancer in men | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/male-breast-cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#1 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NBCFNational Breast Cancer Foundation logoNational Breast Cancer Foundation logo
https://nbcf.org.au/about-breast-cancer/further-information-on-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer

#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More
https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

#1 Can Men Get Breast Cancer? | Breast Cancer Research Foundation
https://www.bcrf.org/blog/can-men-get-breast-cancer/

#1 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#1 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Rate
https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Delayed presentation, diagnosis, and psychosocial aspects of male breast cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7221437/

#1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#1 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men
https://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men

#1 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in males
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms

#1 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#1 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

#2 Male Breast Cancer | Cedars-Sinai
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/male-breast-cancer.html

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

#2 About Breast Cancer in Men | Breast Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html

#2 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Breast Cancer in Men > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer

#2 Breast cancer in men Information | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Exams
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer

#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#2 Breast Cancer in Males: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-513617

#2 Breast Cancer in men – Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men
https://hexi.ox.ac.uk/breast-cancer-men/signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

#2 What Is Breast Cancer in Men? | Male Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html

#2 Breast Cancer Symptoms: 5 signs and symptoms of breast cancer in males
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-males/photostory/104523957.cms

#2 Types of Male Breast Cancer: Stages, Symptoms & Treatment
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/male_breast_cancer/article_em.htm

#2 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

#2 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#2 Male Breast Cancer Symptoms
https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297

#2 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

#2
https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cancerofthebreast,male/

#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Rate
https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men

#2 Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3986-breast-cancer

#2 Male Breast Cancer
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

#2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More
https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

#2 Breast Cancer in Men – United Hospital Center Oncology
https://wvcancercenter.com/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/male-breast-cancer

#2 Breast Cancer in Men: Recognizing Symptoms, Reducing Risk – American Oncology Network
https://www.aoncology.com/2020/06/15/breast-cancer-in-men-recognizing-symptoms-reducing-risk/

#2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists
https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

#2 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Support and Treatments | UC Health
https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/male-breast-cancer

#2 Male Breast Cancer – UChicago Medicine
https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer

#2 Understanding Male Breast Lumps: Symptoms and Characteristics
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer-understanding-lumps-and-symptoms

#2 Breast Cancer in Men: Recognizing Symptoms, Reducing Risk – American Oncology Network
https://www.aoncology.com/2020/06/15/breast-cancer-in-men-recognizing-symptoms-reducing-risk/

#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 Breast Cancer in men: symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, stages & treatments
https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/breast-cancer-in-men/

#2 What are the symptoms of male breast cancer and how common is it? | The Independent | The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/male-breast-cancer-mens-health-week-signs-symptoms-how-to-check-a8951986.html

#2 Can men get breast cancer? 10 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/male-breast-cancer-what-men-should-know.h00-158826489.html

#3 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, and When to See a Doctor
https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/can-men-get-breast-cancer

#3 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Exams
https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer