Rak moczowodu
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rokowanie w raku moczowodu (UTUC) jest wieloczynnikowe i zależy przede wszystkim od stopnia zaawansowania klinicznego (TNM), stopnia złośliwości histologicznej oraz głębokości naciekania ściany urotelialnej. W Kanadzie 5-letnie przeżycie netto wynosi około 46%, jednak w zaawansowanych stadiach może spaść do 5% lub mniej. Nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości, powierzchowne i ograniczone do nabłonka mają znacznie lepsze rokowanie, z medianą przeżycia do 91,1 miesiąca, podczas gdy guzy naciekające mięśniówkę mają medianę przeżycia około 12,9 miesiąca. Czynniki takie jak wiek pacjenta, stan cywilny, zastosowana metoda chirurgiczna oraz wskaźniki stanu zapalnego (SIIS) również wpływają na prognozę. Nowoczesne modele prognostyczne, w tym nomogramy oparte na danych SEER i wskaźniku SIIS, poprawiają precyzję przewidywania całkowitego przeżycia (OS) u pacjentów po radykalnej nefroureterektomii (RNU).

Rak moczowodu – rokowanie (ocena wyników leczenia)

Rokowanie w przypadku raka moczowodu (rak urotelialny górnych dróg moczowychUTUC) zależy od wielu czynników. Jest to nowotwór, który wymaga dokładnej analizy przez lekarza znającego historię medyczną pacjenta, typ, stopień zaawansowania i inne cechy nowotworu, wybrane metody leczenia oraz odpowiedź na terapię.12 Tylko połączenie wszystkich tych informacji ze statystykami przeżycia pozwala na określenie rokowania.

Wskaźniki przeżycia

W Kanadzie 5-letnie przeżycie netto dla raka moczowodu wynosi około 46%, co oznacza, że około 46% osób z diagnozą raka moczowodu przeżyje co najmniej 5 lat.3 Należy jednak pamiętać, że wielu pacjentów może żyć znacznie dłużej niż 5 lat. Wskaźniki przeżycia dla raka moczowodu są o około 10-20% niższe niż dla podobnego stopnia i zaawansowania raka miedniczki nerkowej.45

Według niektórych źródeł, 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi 5% lub mniej, szczególnie w przypadku zaawansowanych postaci choroby.6 Rak moczowodu częściej dotyka mężczyzn niż kobiety i jest bardziej powszechny u osób powyżej 65 roku życia.7

Czynniki prognostyczne

Głównym czynnikiem prognostycznym w momencie diagnozy raka urotelialnego górnych dróg moczowych jest głębokość naciekania ściany nabłonka moczowego.8 Zaawansowanie nowotworu według skali TNM wykazuje dokładne przewidywania czasu przeżycia i może być lepszym wskaźnikiem prognostycznym niż stopień złośliwości guza, chociaż oba są silnymi predyktorami przeżycia.9

Najważniejsze czynniki wpływające na rokowanie to:

  • Stopień zaawansowania klinicznego (TNM) – wczesne stadia mają lepsze rokowanie101112
  • Stopień złośliwości histologicznej (grading) – nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości mają lepsze rokowanie1314
  • Głębokość naciekania – guzy powierzchowne mają lepsze rokowanie1516
  • Wiek pacjenta1718
  • Stan cywilny1920
  • Metoda chirurgiczna zastosowana w leczeniu2122
  • Wskaźniki stanu zapalnego związane z układem immunologicznym (SIIS)2324

Zróżnicowanie i zaawansowanie nowotworu

Nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości (low-grade) zwykle nie wrastają w warstwę mięśniową ściany moczowodu i zazwyczaj nie rozprzestrzeniają się do innych części ciała. Z tego powodu nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości mają dobre rokowanie.25 Natomiast nowotwory o wysokim stopniu złośliwości (high-grade) mają większe ryzyko rozprzestrzeniania się i gorsze rokowanie.2627

Guzy, które są zlokalizowane tylko na powierzchni wewnętrznej wyściółki (guzy powierzchowne), są zwykle dobrze zróżnicowane, co oznacza, że komórki nowotworowe wyglądają podobnie do normalnych komórek urotelialnych. Te guzy mają dobre rokowanie.28

Mediana przeżycia dla pacjentów z guzami ograniczonymi do tkanki łącznej podnabłonkowej wynosiła 91,1 miesiąca, w porównaniu z 12,9 miesiąca dla pacjentów z guzami naciekającymi warstwę mięśniową i głębiej.29

Modele prognostyczne

W ostatnich latach opracowano kilka modeli prognostycznych dla pacjentów z rakiem urotelialnym górnych dróg moczowych, które mogą pomóc w bardziej precyzyjnym określeniu rokowania:

  1. Nomogram prognostyczny oparty na danych SEER – model wykorzystujący wiek, stopień TNM, stan cywilny i metody chirurgiczne miejsca pierwotnego do przewidywania całkowitego przeżycia (OS) u pacjentów leczonych chemioterapią. Model ten wykazuje dobrą zdolność prognostyczną i wiarygodność, przewyższając 8. edycję klasyfikacji AJCC-TNM.30313233
  2. Model oparty na systemowym wskaźniku immunologiczno-zapalnym (SIIS) – opracowany przy użyciu modelu Lasso-Cox, wskaźnik ten jest niezależnym czynnikiem prognostycznym dla pacjentów z UTUC po radykalnej nefroureterektomii (RNU). Podwyższony SIIS przed leczeniem wiąże się z gorszym całkowitym przeżyciem.34353637

Nomogram łączący SIIS z innymi istotnymi niezależnymi wskaźnikami wykazuje dobrą skuteczność predykcyjną i lepszą moc dyskryminacyjną dla pacjentów z istotnie różnym OS.38 Dane sugerują, że nowy systemowy wskaźnik immunologiczno-zapalny może być wartościowym biomarkerem do przewidywania wyników leczenia.3940

Rokowanie w zależności od leczenia

Wynik leczenia zależy od lokalizacji guza i tego, czy nowotwór się rozprzestrzenił. Rak, który jest ograniczony tylko do nerki lub moczowodu, może być wyleczony za pomocą zabiegu chirurgicznego.41 Natomiast nowotwór, który rozprzestrzenił się do innych narządów, zwykle nie jest uleczalny.42

Skuteczność różnych metod leczenia:

  • Radykalna nefroureterektomia (RNU) – pozostaje złotym standardem leczenia chirurgicznego raka urotelialnego górnych dróg moczowych od połączenia moczowodowo-pęcherzowego do miedniczki nerkowej43
  • Chirurgia oszczędzająca nerki (NSS) – wykazuje porównywalne wyniki przeżycia do RNU u pacjentów z nowotworem o niskim ryzyku lub u pacjentów spełniających korzystne kryteria choroby4445
  • Endoskopowe NSS – metaanaliza 8 retrospektywnych badań wykazała, że endoskopowe NSS miało podobne wyniki całkowitego przeżycia (OS) i przeżycia swoistego dla raka (CSS) jak RNU, na podstawie danych 1002 pacjentów z ograniczoną do narządu postacią UTUC46

Chirurgia oszczędzająca nerki ma pewne zalety w porównaniu do standardowej RNU w UTUC, ponieważ oszczędzenie nefronu zapobiega poważnym powikłaniom pooperacyjnym, takim jak pogorszenie funkcji nerek.47 Jednak ryzyko słabej kontroli onkologicznej i progresji guza przy postępowaniu endoskopowym musi być zrównoważone z ryzykiem okołooperacyjnym, takim jak niska oczekiwana długość życia związana z niewydolnością nerek i koniecznością hemodializy, które są związane z RNU.48

Rokowanie w chorobie zaawansowanej

Rokowanie dla pacjentów z przerzutowym lub nawracającym rakiem urotelialnym jest niekorzystne.49 Pacjenci z odległymi przerzutami mają złe rokowanie i mogą otrzymać leczenie w ramach badania klinicznego.50

Jeśli nowotwór jest nieoperacyjny lub nie można go całkowicie usunąć, leczenie przy pomocy radioterapii i/lub chemioterapii może być stosowane paliatywnie, ale rokowanie jest złe.51 Nowotwory, które przeniknęły przez ścianę urotelialną lub mają odległe przerzuty, zwykle nie mogą być wyleczone przy użyciu dostępnych form leczenia.52

Zaawansowane stadia raka, które rozprzestrzeniły się poza miedniczkę nerkową lub moczowód do węzłów chłonnych lub innych części ciała, mają gorsze rokowanie niż wczesne stadia.53 Rokowanie jest zwykle niekorzystne, ponieważ nowotwór szybko wykazuje tendencję do lokalnego nawrotu, nawrotu wewnątrzpęcherzowego i odległych przerzutów.5455

Podsumowanie czynników rokowniczych

Aby poprawić rokowanie pacjentów z UTUC, obecne wytyczne kładą nacisk na profilaktykę i wczesną diagnozę UTUC zarówno na poziomie indywidualnym, jak i populacyjnym.56 Najważniejsze czynniki wpływające na rokowanie to:

  • Wczesne wykrycie – nowotwory diagnozowane we wczesnym stadium mają znacznie lepsze rokowanie5758
  • Całkowite usunięcie guza – nowotwory, które można całkowicie usunąć chirurgicznie, mają lepsze rokowanie5960
  • Niski stopień złośliwości histologicznej – nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości mają lepsze rokowanie6162
  • Brak inwazji mięśniowej – guzy, które nie naciekają warstwy mięśniowej, mają lepsze rokowanie63
  • Brak przerzutów – nowotwory bez przerzutów mają znacznie lepsze rokowanie64

Rak moczowodu jest uleczalny w ponad 90% przypadków, jeśli jest powierzchowny i ograniczony do moczowodu. Pacjenci z głęboko inwazyjnymi guzami, które są ograniczone do moczowodu, mają 10-15% prawdopodobieństwo wyleczenia.65 Te statystyki podkreślają znaczenie wczesnego wykrywania i leczenia tego typu nowotworu.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #2 Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for cancer of the ureter is 46%. This means that about 46% of people diagnosed with cancer of the ureter will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and stage. Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter is often found at an early stage. Generally, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who are alive at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. But people with this type of cancer may live much longer than 5 years. […] Survival rates for cancer of the ureter are about 10% to 20% lower than for a similar grade and stage of cancer in the renal pelvis. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #3 Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for cancer of the ureter is 46%. This means that about 46% of people diagnosed with cancer of the ureter will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and stage. Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter is often found at an early stage. Generally, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who are alive at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. But people with this type of cancer may live much longer than 5 years. […] Survival rates for cancer of the ureter are about 10% to 20% lower than for a similar grade and stage of cancer in the renal pelvis. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #4 Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for cancer of the ureter is 46%. This means that about 46% of people diagnosed with cancer of the ureter will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and stage. Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter is often found at an early stage. Generally, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who are alive at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. But people with this type of cancer may live much longer than 5 years. […] Survival rates for cancer of the ureter are about 10% to 20% lower than for a similar grade and stage of cancer in the renal pelvis. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #5 Five-Year Survival Rates | SEER Training
    https://training.seer.cancer.gov/kidney/intro/survival.html
    Prognosis and survival correlate with cell type: clear cell tumors have the best prognosis. […] Prognosis is directly related to stage at diagnosis. […] Survival rates for carcinoma of the ureter are about 10-20% lower than for comparable stages of tumors in the renal pelvis.
  • #6 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.345 – Ureter Cancer – with Metastases or Inoperable, Unresectable or Recurrent – 10/05/2023
    https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022345
    Ureter Cancer usually affects men more often than women and is more common in people older than 65. The 5-year survival rate is 5% or less. […] If the cancer is inoperable or unresectable, treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy may be utilized for palliation, but the prognosis is poor.
  • #7 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.345 – Ureter Cancer – with Metastases or Inoperable, Unresectable or Recurrent – 10/05/2023
    https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022345
    Ureter Cancer usually affects men more often than women and is more common in people older than 65. The 5-year survival rate is 5% or less. […] If the cancer is inoperable or unresectable, treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy may be utilized for palliation, but the prognosis is poor.
  • #8 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors, and transitional cell cancer of the ureter accounts for only 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. These cancers are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with available forms of treatment. […] The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. […] Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.
  • #9 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #10 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #11 Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for cancer of the ureter is 46%. This means that about 46% of people diagnosed with cancer of the ureter will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and stage. Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter is often found at an early stage. Generally, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who are alive at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. But people with this type of cancer may live much longer than 5 years. […] Survival rates for cancer of the ureter are about 10% to 20% lower than for a similar grade and stage of cancer in the renal pelvis. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #12 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] Six clinical parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for UTUC patients OS, including age, marital status, TNM stage, and surgical methods of the primary site. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability.
  • #13 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #14 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #15 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #16 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors, and transitional cell cancer of the ureter accounts for only 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. These cancers are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with available forms of treatment. […] The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. […] Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.
  • #17 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] Six clinical parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for UTUC patients OS, including age, marital status, TNM stage, and surgical methods of the primary site. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability.
  • #18 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study | BMC Urology | Full Text
    https://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-022-01172-8
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability. ROC and DCA curves showed our nomograms exhibited larger benefits than the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.
  • #19 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] Six clinical parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for UTUC patients OS, including age, marital status, TNM stage, and surgical methods of the primary site. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability.
  • #20 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study | BMC Urology | Full Text
    https://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-022-01172-8
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability. ROC and DCA curves showed our nomograms exhibited larger benefits than the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.
  • #21 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] Six clinical parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for UTUC patients OS, including age, marital status, TNM stage, and surgical methods of the primary site. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability.
  • #22 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study | BMC Urology | Full Text
    https://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-022-01172-8
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability. ROC and DCA curves showed our nomograms exhibited larger benefits than the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.
  • #23 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286456/
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #24 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #25 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #26 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #27 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #28 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #29 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #30 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] Six clinical parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for UTUC patients OS, including age, marital status, TNM stage, and surgical methods of the primary site. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability.
  • #31 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9825008/
    The prognostic nomogram that we established displayed a better prognosis prediction capacity compared to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system. Therefore, for UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy, our nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials.
  • #32 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study | BMC Urology | Full Text
    https://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-022-01172-8
    To establish a prognostic nomogram among UTUC patients who received chemotherapy. […] A prognostic nomogram was established and validated to present individual predictions of OS among chemotherapeutic UTUC patients. This nomogram may assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials. […] Our research indicated that age, TNM stage, marital status, and surgical methods of the primary site were independent prognostic factors for OS of UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. Our nomogram was developed based on these prognostic factors to predict OS at 1, 3, and 5 years. The nomogram shows good prognostic ability and reliability. ROC and DCA curves showed our nomograms exhibited larger benefits than the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.
  • #33 Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with chemotherapy: a SEER-based retrospective cohort study | BMC Urology | Full Text
    https://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-022-01172-8
    At present, no suitable model exists to predict OS in UTUC patients treated with chemotherapy. The prognostic predictive capacity and reliability of our model were acceptable. Our model may provide meaningful reference to assist clinicians in accurate survival prognostication, treatment decision-making, and design of future clinical trials.
  • #34 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286456/
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #35 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286456/
    Without exception, these indicators are generated using two or three blood characteristics through basic mathematical operations such as addition and division. […] The multivariate Cox regression model showed that high SIIS was considered an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for OS in UTUC patients. […] Our study applied the Lasso-Cox model to establish a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS). […] We found that the preoperative elevated SIIS was associated with poor OS in the population of patients with UTUC who had undergone RNU. […] The data suggest that the novel systemic immune-inflammation score could be a valuable biomarker for predicting outcomes.
  • #36 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #37 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    The multivariate Cox regression model showed that high SIIS was considered an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for OS in UTUC patients. […] High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients. […] The nomogram model constructed by combining SIIS and other significant independent indicators had a good predictive performance. In addition, the nomogram had better discriminative power for patients with significantly different OS. The data suggest that the novel systemic immune-inflammation score could be a valuable biomarker for predicting outcomes.
  • #38 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    The multivariate Cox regression model showed that high SIIS was considered an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for OS in UTUC patients. […] High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients. […] The nomogram model constructed by combining SIIS and other significant independent indicators had a good predictive performance. In addition, the nomogram had better discriminative power for patients with significantly different OS. The data suggest that the novel systemic immune-inflammation score could be a valuable biomarker for predicting outcomes.
  • #39 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286456/
    Without exception, these indicators are generated using two or three blood characteristics through basic mathematical operations such as addition and division. […] The multivariate Cox regression model showed that high SIIS was considered an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for OS in UTUC patients. […] Our study applied the Lasso-Cox model to establish a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS). […] We found that the preoperative elevated SIIS was associated with poor OS in the population of patients with UTUC who had undergone RNU. […] The data suggest that the novel systemic immune-inflammation score could be a valuable biomarker for predicting outcomes.
  • #40 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    The multivariate Cox regression model showed that high SIIS was considered an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for OS in UTUC patients. […] High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients. […] The nomogram model constructed by combining SIIS and other significant independent indicators had a good predictive performance. In addition, the nomogram had better discriminative power for patients with significantly different OS. The data suggest that the novel systemic immune-inflammation score could be a valuable biomarker for predicting outcomes.
  • #41 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/renal-pelvis-or-ureter-cancer
    Outcome varies, depending on the location of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. Cancer that is only in the kidney or ureter may be cured with surgery. […] Cancer that has spread to other organs is usually not curable.
  • #42 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/renal-pelvis-or-ureter-cancer
    Outcome varies, depending on the location of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. Cancer that is only in the kidney or ureter may be cured with surgery. […] Cancer that has spread to other organs is usually not curable.
  • #43 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the gold standard for the surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) from the ureterovesical junction to the renal pelvis. […] Recently, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in UTUC have been expanded to preserve the intact kidney. […] The aim is to reduce urothelial cancer recurrence improving the effectiveness of NSS and to achieve comparable outcomes to RNU in UTUC. […] To improve survival outcomes of patients with UTUC, the current guidelines emphasize prevention and early diagnosis of UTUC at both the individual and population levels. […] A meta-analysis of 8 published retrospective studies reported that endoscopic NSS had similar OS and CSS to RNU using pooled data of 1,002 patients with organ-localized UTUC.
  • #44 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the gold standard for the surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) from the ureterovesical junction to the renal pelvis. […] Recently, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in UTUC have been expanded to preserve the intact kidney. […] The aim is to reduce urothelial cancer recurrence improving the effectiveness of NSS and to achieve comparable outcomes to RNU in UTUC. […] To improve survival outcomes of patients with UTUC, the current guidelines emphasize prevention and early diagnosis of UTUC at both the individual and population levels. […] A meta-analysis of 8 published retrospective studies reported that endoscopic NSS had similar OS and CSS to RNU using pooled data of 1,002 patients with organ-localized UTUC.
  • #45 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Systemic reviews of retrospective studies have also reported consistent conclusions based on heterogeneous evidence that NSS has comparable survival outcomes to RNU in low-risk patients or patients with favorable disease criteria. […] Thus, the risks of poor oncologic control and tumor progression with endoscopic management must be weighed against the perioperative risks, such as poor life expectancy associated with end-stage renal failure and consequent hemodialysis, which are associated with RNU. […] NSS has some advantages over standardized RNU in UTUC, as nephron sparing prevents major postoperative morbidity, such as renal functional deterioration. […] However, NSS has demonstrated comparable efficacy to RNU in terms of oncological outcomes of low-volume/low-grade UTUC.
  • #46 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the gold standard for the surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) from the ureterovesical junction to the renal pelvis. […] Recently, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in UTUC have been expanded to preserve the intact kidney. […] The aim is to reduce urothelial cancer recurrence improving the effectiveness of NSS and to achieve comparable outcomes to RNU in UTUC. […] To improve survival outcomes of patients with UTUC, the current guidelines emphasize prevention and early diagnosis of UTUC at both the individual and population levels. […] A meta-analysis of 8 published retrospective studies reported that endoscopic NSS had similar OS and CSS to RNU using pooled data of 1,002 patients with organ-localized UTUC.
  • #47 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Systemic reviews of retrospective studies have also reported consistent conclusions based on heterogeneous evidence that NSS has comparable survival outcomes to RNU in low-risk patients or patients with favorable disease criteria. […] Thus, the risks of poor oncologic control and tumor progression with endoscopic management must be weighed against the perioperative risks, such as poor life expectancy associated with end-stage renal failure and consequent hemodialysis, which are associated with RNU. […] NSS has some advantages over standardized RNU in UTUC, as nephron sparing prevents major postoperative morbidity, such as renal functional deterioration. […] However, NSS has demonstrated comparable efficacy to RNU in terms of oncological outcomes of low-volume/low-grade UTUC.
  • #48 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Systemic reviews of retrospective studies have also reported consistent conclusions based on heterogeneous evidence that NSS has comparable survival outcomes to RNU in low-risk patients or patients with favorable disease criteria. […] Thus, the risks of poor oncologic control and tumor progression with endoscopic management must be weighed against the perioperative risks, such as poor life expectancy associated with end-stage renal failure and consequent hemodialysis, which are associated with RNU. […] NSS has some advantages over standardized RNU in UTUC, as nephron sparing prevents major postoperative morbidity, such as renal functional deterioration. […] However, NSS has demonstrated comparable efficacy to RNU in terms of oncological outcomes of low-volume/low-grade UTUC.
  • #49 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #50 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #51 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.345 – Ureter Cancer – with Metastases or Inoperable, Unresectable or Recurrent – 10/05/2023
    https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022345
    Ureter Cancer usually affects men more often than women and is more common in people older than 65. The 5-year survival rate is 5% or less. […] If the cancer is inoperable or unresectable, treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy may be utilized for palliation, but the prognosis is poor.
  • #52 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors, and transitional cell cancer of the ureter accounts for only 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. These cancers are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with available forms of treatment. […] The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. […] Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.
  • #53 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #54 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286456/
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #55 Prognostic models for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy based on a novel systemic immune-inflammation score with machine learning | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11058-z
    This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of a novel systemic immune-inflammation score (SIIS) to predict oncological outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU). […] According to the median value SIIS computed by the lasso Cox model, the high-risk group had worse OS (p0.0001) than low risk-group. […] Multivariate Cox analysis showed that elevated SIIS was significantly associated with poorer OS (p0.001). […] The pretreatment levels of SIIS were an independent predictor of prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after RNU. Therefore, incorporating SIIS into currently available clinical parameters helps predict the long-term survival of UTUC. […] The prognosis is usually poor because it quickly appears to have a propensity for local relapse, intravesical recurrence, and distant metastasis.
  • #56 Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    https://e-juo.org/journal/view.php?number=567
    Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the gold standard for the surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) from the ureterovesical junction to the renal pelvis. […] Recently, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in UTUC have been expanded to preserve the intact kidney. […] The aim is to reduce urothelial cancer recurrence improving the effectiveness of NSS and to achieve comparable outcomes to RNU in UTUC. […] To improve survival outcomes of patients with UTUC, the current guidelines emphasize prevention and early diagnosis of UTUC at both the individual and population levels. […] A meta-analysis of 8 published retrospective studies reported that endoscopic NSS had similar OS and CSS to RNU using pooled data of 1,002 patients with organ-localized UTUC.
  • #57 Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for cancer of the ureter is 46%. This means that about 46% of people diagnosed with cancer of the ureter will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each grade and stage. Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter is often found at an early stage. Generally, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who are alive at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. But people with this type of cancer may live much longer than 5 years. […] Survival rates for cancer of the ureter are about 10% to 20% lower than for a similar grade and stage of cancer in the renal pelvis. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #58 Five-Year Survival Rates | SEER Training
    https://training.seer.cancer.gov/kidney/intro/survival.html
    Prognosis and survival correlate with cell type: clear cell tumors have the best prognosis. […] Prognosis is directly related to stage at diagnosis. […] Survival rates for carcinoma of the ureter are about 10-20% lower than for comparable stages of tumors in the renal pelvis.
  • #59 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors, and transitional cell cancer of the ureter accounts for only 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. These cancers are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with available forms of treatment. […] The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. […] Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.
  • #60 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/renal-pelvis-or-ureter-cancer
    Outcome varies, depending on the location of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. Cancer that is only in the kidney or ureter may be cured with surgery. […] Cancer that has spread to other organs is usually not curable.
  • #61 Prognosis and survival for cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] Advanced stages of cancer that have spread beyond the renal pelvis or ureter into lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poorer prognosis than early stages. […] Low-grade cancers of the renal pelvis or ureter do not usually grow into the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter wall and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, low-grade cancers tend to have a good prognosis. High-grade cancers have a greater risk of spreading and a poorer prognosis. […] Tumours that are only on the surface of the inner lining (superficial tumours) are usually well differentiated, which means the cancer cells look much like normal urothelial cells. These tumours have a good prognosis.
  • #62 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #63 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade (grades III and IV) tumors than for those with low-grade (grades I and II) tumors. […] A TNM staging system has demonstrated accurate predictions of survival. The TNM staging system may be a better predictor of prognosis than tumor grade, although both are strongly predictive of survival. […] Median survival for patients with tumors confined to the subepithelial connective tissue was 91.1 months, compared with 12.9 months for patients with tumors invading the muscularis and beyond, in one report. […] The prognosis for any patient with metastatic or recurrent transitional cell cancer is poor. […] Patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis and can be offered treatment in a clinical trial.
  • #64 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/renal-pelvis-or-ureter-cancer
    Outcome varies, depending on the location of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. Cancer that is only in the kidney or ureter may be cured with surgery. […] Cancer that has spread to other organs is usually not curable.
  • #65 Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq
    Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors, and transitional cell cancer of the ureter accounts for only 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. These cancers are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with available forms of treatment. […] The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. […] Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.