Rak moczowodu – Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Rak moczowodu
Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Rak moczowodu jest złośliwym nowotworem rozwijającym się w nabłonku wyściełającym moczowody, zlokalizowanymi pomiędzy nerkami a pęcherzem moczowym. Główne czynniki ryzyka obejmują palenie tytoniu, ekspozycję na trichloroetylen i związki aromatyczne, długotrwałe stosowanie fenacetyny (>3 tabletki dziennie przez kilka lat) oraz ziół zawierających kwasy arystolochowe, wcześniejsze leczenie onkologiczne (radioterapia okolicy brzucha/miednicy, chemioterapia), nawracające infekcje układu moczowego, balkańską nefropatię endemiczną, zespół Lyncha typu B oraz historię raka pęcherza moczowego. Wczesne wykrycie, zwłaszcza u pacjentów z grup ryzyka, wymaga regularnych badań kontrolnych, w tym cystoskopii, badań ultrasonograficznych, analizy moczu i krwi oraz konsultacji urologicznych. W przypadku radykalnej nefroureterektomii, wczesne podwiązanie moczowodu zmniejsza ryzyko nawrotu nowotworu w pęcherzu moczowym, szczególnie u chorych z rakiem miedniczki nerkowej.

Wprowadzenie do raka moczowodu

Rak moczowodu (ureteral cancer) jest nowotworem złośliwym, który rozwija się w moczowodach – rurkach łączących nerki z pęcherzem moczowym, będących częścią układu moczowego. Te przewody odpowiadają za transport moczu wytwarzanego przez nerki do pęcherza moczowego¹. Choroba charakteryzuje się nieprawidłowym wzrostem komórek na wewnętrznej wyściółce moczowodów². Ponieważ ten sam rodzaj komórek nowotworowych rozwija się zarówno w moczowodach, jak i pęcherzu, występowanie jednego z tych nowotworów zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia drugiego³.

Czynniki ryzyka raka moczowodu

Zrozumienie czynników ryzyka związanych z rakiem moczowodu jest kluczowe dla opracowania skutecznych strategii profilaktycznych. Do głównych czynników ryzyka należą:⁴⁵

Palenie tytoniu – jest głównym czynnikiem ryzyka raka moczowodu oraz innych nowotworów układu moczowego. Im dłużej i więcej się pali, tym większe ryzyko⁶⁷
Ekspozycja na substancje chemiczne – szczególnie trichloroetylen oraz związki aromatyczne używane w barwnikach⁸⁹
Stosowanie niektórych leków – długotrwałe przyjmowanie fenacetyny (ponad 3 tabletki dziennie przez kilka lat) oraz ziół zawierających kwasy arystolochowe¹⁰
Wcześniejsze leczenie onkologiczne – radioterapia okolicy brzucha lub miednicy oraz niektóre leki chemioterapeutyczne¹¹¹²
Nawracające infekcje układu moczowego – częste zakażenia, kamienie nerkowe mogą zwiększać ryzyko rozwoju raka płaskonabłonkowego w miedniczce nerkowej lub moczowodzie¹³¹⁴
Balkańska nefropatia endemiczna – osoby z tym schorzeniem mają wyższe ryzyko rozwoju raka moczowodu¹⁵
Zespół Lyncha (typ B) – zwiększa ryzyko wielu nowotworów, w tym raka moczowodu¹⁶
Wcześniejsze występowanie raka pęcherza moczowego – zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju raka moczowodu¹⁷

Strategie profilaktyki raka moczowodu

Chociaż nie istnieje pewny sposób na zapobieganie rakowi moczowodu, można podjąć kroki, które pomogą zmniejszyć ryzyko jego wystąpienia¹⁸¹⁹. Poniżej przedstawiono kluczowe strategie profilaktyczne.

Zaprzestanie palenia tytoniu

Palenie tytoniu jest głównym modyfikowalnym czynnikiem ryzyka raka moczowodu²⁰. Zalecenia dotyczące rzucenia palenia obejmują:²¹

Jeśli nie palisz, nie zaczynaj
Jeśli palisz, skonsultuj się z lekarzem w celu opracowania planu rzucenia palenia
Wykorzystaj dostępne metody wspomagające, takie jak grupy wsparcia, leki i inne strategie
Pamiętaj, że po rzuceniu palenia ryzyko zachorowania na raka moczowodu zmniejsza się z upływem czasu²²

Unikanie ekspozycji na szkodliwe substancje chemiczne

Ekspozycja na określone substancje chemiczne zwiększa ryzyko raka moczowodu²³. Aby zminimalizować to ryzyko, należy:²⁴

Przestrzegać wszystkich instrukcji bezpieczeństwa podczas pracy z chemikaliami
Nosić odpowiednie wyposażenie ochronne, zwłaszcza jeśli istnieje ryzyko narażenia na substancje toksyczne dla nerek²⁵
Zachować szczególną ostrożność podczas pracy z trichloroetylenem, używanym w niektórych procesach przemysłowych, szczególnie w obróbce metali²⁶
Ograniczyć ekspozycję na związki aromatyczne używane w barwnikach oraz na substancje występujące w przemyśle gumowym, skórzanym, włókienniczym i fryzjerskim²⁷

Prawidłowe stosowanie leków

Właściwe stosowanie leków, szczególnie przeciwbólowych, jest istotnym elementem profilaktyki raka moczowodu²⁸. Wskazane jest:²⁹

Przestrzeganie zalecanej dawki i czasu stosowania leków przeciwbólowych
Konsultacja z lekarzem odnośnie bezpiecznego stosowania tych leków
Unikanie długotrwałego przyjmowania fenacetyny w dużych dawkach³⁰
Unikanie produktów ziołowych zawierających kwasy arystolochowe, które zwiększają ryzyko raka moczowodu i uszkodzenia nerek³¹
Postępowanie zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza dotyczącymi leków, w tym leków dostępnych bez recepty³²

Zdrowa dieta i utrzymanie prawidłowej masy ciała

Odpowiednia dieta i utrzymanie prawidłowej masy ciała mogą pomóc w zmniejszeniu ryzyka raka moczowodu³³³⁴:

Spożywanie różnorodnych, kolorowych owoców i warzyw, które zawierają antyoksydanty mogące zmniejszać ryzyko niektórych nowotworów³⁵
Utrzymanie zdrowej masy ciała, co może obniżyć ryzyko raka nerki i miedniczki nerkowej³⁶
Regularna aktywność fizyczna i zrównoważona dieta³⁷
Odpowiednie nawodnienie organizmu³⁸

Praktyki higieniczne i bezpieczne zachowania seksualne

Choć rak moczowodu jest rzadki, niektóre praktyki higieniczne i zachowania seksualne mogą pomóc w zmniejszeniu ryzyka infekcji układu moczowego, które pośrednio mogą być czynnikiem ryzyka³⁹⁴⁰:

Praktykowanie bezpiecznego seksu, w tym używanie prezerwatyw, co pomaga zapobiegać zakażeniom przenoszonym drogą płciową (STI)⁴¹
Dbanie o właściwą higienę okolic intymnych⁴²
Unikanie wielu partnerów seksualnych, co zmniejsza ryzyko transmisji HPV⁴³
U kobiet – wycieranie od przodu do tyłu po oddaniu moczu lub stolca, aby zapobiegać zakażeniom układu moczowego⁴⁴
Regularna zmiana produktów higienicznych podczas menstruacji⁴⁵

Wczesne wykrywanie i monitorowanie

Wczesne wykrycie raka moczowodu znacznie poprawia rokowanie i możliwości leczenia⁴⁶. Strategie wczesnego wykrywania obejmują:

Regularne badania lekarskie

Regularne badania są szczególnie ważne dla osób z podwyższonym ryzykiem raka moczowodu⁴⁷:

Regularne pełne badania kontrolne, ponieważ wczesne wykrycie nowotworów znacznie ułatwia ich kontrolę⁴⁸
Wizyty u urologa, szczególnie dla pacjentów z historią nowotworów narządów rozrodczych lub układu moczowego⁴⁹
Wykonywanie badań takich jak badanie per rectum, badania krwi i moczu, badania ultrasonograficzne oraz analiza nasienia podczas wizyt u urologa⁵⁰
Ze względu na związek z rakiem pęcherza moczowego, pacjenci badani pod kątem raka moczowodu są często oceniani również pod kątem nieprawidłowości w pęcherzu moczowym⁵¹

Obserwacja po leczeniu raka pęcherza moczowego

Osoby z historią raka pęcherza moczowego są narażone na zwiększone ryzyko raka moczowodu i wymagają szczególnej uwagi⁵²:

Regularne cystoskopie w ramach monitorowania⁵³
Szczególna czujność u pacjentów po przebytym raku pęcherza moczowego⁵⁴

Należy jednak zauważyć, że rutynowe badania przesiewowe w kierunku raka pęcherza moczowego u bezobjawowych dorosłych nie są zalecane⁵⁵, co może również dotyczyć raka moczowodu ze względu na podobne czynniki ryzyka i komórki nowotworowe.

Techniki chirurgiczne w profilaktyce nawrotów

Badania wykazują, że określone techniki chirurgiczne mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko nawrotu nowotworu w pęcherzu moczowym po radykalnej nefroureterektomii z powodu raka górnych dróg moczowych⁵⁶:

Wczesne podwiązanie moczowodu podczas radykalnej nefroureterektomii zmniejsza częstość nawrotów w pęcherzu moczowym⁵⁷
Ta technika jest szczególnie skuteczna u pacjentów z rakiem miedniczki nerkowej⁵⁸
Mechanizm działania polega na zapobieganiu implantacji komórek nowotworowych górnych dróg moczowych na uszkodzonej ścianie pęcherza⁵⁹

Dodatkowe zalecenia w profilaktyce raka moczowodu

Ze względu na rzadkość występowania raka moczowodu, lekarze i badacze wciąż poznają najlepsze sposoby jego zapobiegania⁶⁰⁶¹. Dodatkowe zalecenia obejmują:

Konsultacja z lekarzem w przypadku występowania czynników ryzyka, w celu ustalenia indywidualnych strategii profilaktycznych⁶²
W przypadku osób narażonych zawodowo na szkodliwe substancje – przestrzeganie wszystkich procedur bezpieczeństwa i stosowanie środków ochrony osobistej⁶³
W przypadku leczenia przeciwnowotworowego radioterapią lub chemioterapią – ścisłe przestrzeganie zaleceń dotyczących monitorowania po leczeniu⁶⁴⁶⁵

Podsumowanie zaleceń profilaktycznych

Chociaż nie ma w pełni skutecznych metod zapobiegania rakowi moczowodu, wdrożenie poniższych strategii może znacząco zmniejszyć ryzyko jego wystąpienia⁶⁶⁶⁷:

Zaprzestanie palenia tytoniu i unikanie ekspozycji na dym tytoniowy⁶⁸
Unikanie ekspozycji na szkodliwe substancje chemiczne w miejscu pracy i stosowanie odpowiednich środków ochronnych⁶⁹
Właściwe stosowanie leków przeciwbólowych i unikanie długotrwałego przyjmowania fenacetyny⁷⁰
Spożywanie zróżnicowanej diety bogatej w kolorowe owoce i warzywa⁷¹
Utrzymanie prawidłowej masy ciała⁷²
Praktykowanie bezpiecznego seksu i dbanie o właściwą higienę intymną⁷³
Regularne badania lekarskie, szczególnie dla osób z grupy podwyższonego ryzyka⁷⁴
W przypadku raka górnych dróg moczowych – rozważenie wczesnego podwiązania moczowodu podczas radykalnej nefroureterektomii⁷⁵

Świadomość czynników ryzyka i wdrażanie odpowiednich strategii profilaktycznych ma kluczowe znaczenie dla zmniejszenia zachorowalności na raka moczowodu i poprawy rokowania w przypadku jego wystąpienia⁷⁶.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Ureteral cancer | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer?content_id=CON-20314003
Ureteral cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the ureters. The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The ureters are part of the urinary tract. They carry urine produced by the kidneys to the bladder. […] Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#2 Ureteral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals
https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer-causes-symptoms-prevention-treatment/
Ureteral cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the inner lining of the ureters. […] The same kind of cancer cells grow in the ureters and bladder; hence, one can pose an increased risk for cancer of the other. […] Some factors can also increase your risk of getting ureteral cancer which includes: […] Smoking: It increases the risk of urological problems, such as ureteral cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer. […] Even if the cause is not known, you can stay away from those aspects that can increase the risk of getting this cancer. Some things that you can adopt to prevent ureteral cancer are: […] Stop smoking as it is the cause of a lot of urological problems. […] You should get a regular full-body checkup as early detection of cancers will help a lot in controlling them.
#3 Ureteral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals
https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer-causes-symptoms-prevention-treatment/
Ureteral cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the inner lining of the ureters. […] The same kind of cancer cells grow in the ureters and bladder; hence, one can pose an increased risk for cancer of the other. […] Some factors can also increase your risk of getting ureteral cancer which includes: […] Smoking: It increases the risk of urological problems, such as ureteral cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer. […] Even if the cause is not known, you can stay away from those aspects that can increase the risk of getting this cancer. Some things that you can adopt to prevent ureteral cancer are: […] Stop smoking as it is the cause of a lot of urological problems. […] You should get a regular full-body checkup as early detection of cancers will help a lot in controlling them.
#4 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#5 Urethral Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/urethral-cancer-prevention/
Understanding urethral cancer, its risk factors, and preventive measures is crucial for promoting early detection and effective management. Prioritizing healthy lifestyle choices, regular screenings, and prompt medical attention contributes to overall urological health. […] Individuals at higher risk for urethral cancer include older individuals, those with a history of bladder cancer, smokers, and those with frequent urinary tract infections. Awareness of these risk factors aids in early detection and preventive measures.
#6 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#7 Ureteral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals
https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer-causes-symptoms-prevention-treatment/
Ureteral cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the inner lining of the ureters. […] The same kind of cancer cells grow in the ureters and bladder; hence, one can pose an increased risk for cancer of the other. […] Some factors can also increase your risk of getting ureteral cancer which includes: […] Smoking: It increases the risk of urological problems, such as ureteral cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer. […] Even if the cause is not known, you can stay away from those aspects that can increase the risk of getting this cancer. Some things that you can adopt to prevent ureteral cancer are: […] Stop smoking as it is the cause of a lot of urological problems. […] You should get a regular full-body checkup as early detection of cancers will help a lot in controlling them.
#8 Kidney Cancer Basics | Kidney Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/index.html
To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers, keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you work with the chemical trichloroethylene. […] To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers: Keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you use certain kinds of chemicals, especially trichloroethylene. This chemical is used by workers in some jobs, like those that work with metals.
#9 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#10 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#11 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
People who have a lot of kidney stones or kidney infections have a higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, which is usually rare, in the renal pelvis or ureter. […] Type B increases the risk for several cancers, including colorectal cancer, other cancers of the digestive system and cancers of the urinary tract, such as renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who received radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer.
#12 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#13 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
People who have a lot of kidney stones or kidney infections have a higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, which is usually rare, in the renal pelvis or ureter. […] Type B increases the risk for several cancers, including colorectal cancer, other cancers of the digestive system and cancers of the urinary tract, such as renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who received radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer.
#14 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#15 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#16 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
People who have a lot of kidney stones or kidney infections have a higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, which is usually rare, in the renal pelvis or ureter. […] Type B increases the risk for several cancers, including colorectal cancer, other cancers of the digestive system and cancers of the urinary tract, such as renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who received radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer.
#17 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#18 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#19 Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer (UTUC) | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/upper-tract-urothelial-cancer
As the causes of UTUC is not known in most cases it is not possible to prevent the disease. However, quitting smoking, limiting exposure to certain chemicals and not taking large quantities of painkillers can help reduce your risk of developing UTUC.
#20 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#21 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#22 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#23 Ureter Cancer | Baptist Health
https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/ureter-cancer
While some risk factors cannot be controlled, there are ways you can help to prevent ureter cancer: […] Avoid exposure to chemicals: When possible, avoid exposure to industrial chemicals. […] Don’t overuse pain medications: Take only the recommended dose for the recommended time. Talk to your physician about safe use of these medications. […] Don’t smoke: Smoking is a known cause of urinary tract irritation that may lead to cancer.
#24 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#25 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm
Measures that may help prevent this cancer include: […] Follow your provider’s advice regarding medicines, including over-the-counter pain medicine. […] Stop smoking. […] Wear protective equipment if you are likely to be exposed to substances that are toxic to the kidneys.
#26 Kidney Cancer Basics | Kidney Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/index.html
To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers, keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you work with the chemical trichloroethylene. […] To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers: Keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you use certain kinds of chemicals, especially trichloroethylene. This chemical is used by workers in some jobs, like those that work with metals.
#27 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#28 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm
Measures that may help prevent this cancer include: […] Follow your provider’s advice regarding medicines, including over-the-counter pain medicine. […] Stop smoking. […] Wear protective equipment if you are likely to be exposed to substances that are toxic to the kidneys.
#29 Ureter Cancer | Baptist Health
https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/ureter-cancer
While some risk factors cannot be controlled, there are ways you can help to prevent ureter cancer: […] Avoid exposure to chemicals: When possible, avoid exposure to industrial chemicals. […] Don’t overuse pain medications: Take only the recommended dose for the recommended time. Talk to your physician about safe use of these medications. […] Don’t smoke: Smoking is a known cause of urinary tract irritation that may lead to cancer.
#30 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#31 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#32 Renal pelvis or ureter cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm
Measures that may help prevent this cancer include: […] Follow your provider’s advice regarding medicines, including over-the-counter pain medicine. […] Stop smoking. […] Wear protective equipment if you are likely to be exposed to substances that are toxic to the kidneys.
#33 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#34 Kidney Cancer Basics | Kidney Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/index.html
To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers, keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you work with the chemical trichloroethylene. […] To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers: Keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you use certain kinds of chemicals, especially trichloroethylene. This chemical is used by workers in some jobs, like those that work with metals.
#35 Ureteral cancer | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer?content_id=CON-20314003
Ureteral cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the ureters. The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The ureters are part of the urinary tract. They carry urine produced by the kidneys to the bladder. […] Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#36 Kidney Cancer Basics | Kidney Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/index.html
To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers, keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you work with the chemical trichloroethylene. […] To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers: Keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you use certain kinds of chemicals, especially trichloroethylene. This chemical is used by workers in some jobs, like those that work with metals.
#37
https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/urethral-cancer
Urethral cancer is rare, so doctors are still determining how to prevent it. […] Reducing known risk factors such as repeated UTIs and STDs is the first step towards preventing urethral cancer, along with regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, drinking adequate fluids, practicing good hygiene and avoiding unprotected sex. […] If any of these risk factors apply to you, talk to your doctor to find out how to prevent the disease or schedule an exam.
#38
https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/urethral-cancer
Urethral cancer is rare, so doctors are still determining how to prevent it. […] Reducing known risk factors such as repeated UTIs and STDs is the first step towards preventing urethral cancer, along with regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, drinking adequate fluids, practicing good hygiene and avoiding unprotected sex. […] If any of these risk factors apply to you, talk to your doctor to find out how to prevent the disease or schedule an exam.
#39 Urethral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6223-urethral-cancer
Because urethral cancer is rare, healthcare providers and medical researchers are still learning the best ways to prevent it. You may be able to help prevent it by: […] Practicing safe sex. Wearing a condom will help prevent STIs. […] Practicing good hygiene. It’s important for females to wipe from front to back after peeing or having a bowel movement (pooping) to help prevent UTIs. If you’re menstruating, you should change your pads, tampons or other period hygiene products regularly. Its also a good idea to regularly wash the skin around your vagina and rectum with clean water and, if youd like, a mild, unscented soap. […] Avoiding smoking and using other tobacco products. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you need help quitting smoking.
#40 Urethral Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/urethral-cancer-prevention/
Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the increased risk of urethral cancer. Understanding these risk factors plays a crucial role in mitigating the risk of urethral cancer and leading a healthy life. […] Engaging in safe sexual practices, including consistent condom use and avoiding multiple sexual partners, reduces the risk of HPV transmission, a key preventive measure for urethral cancer. […] Maintaining proper hygiene in the genital area helps minimize the risk of infections and reduces potential sources of irritation, contributing to overall urethral health. […] Quitting smoking and avoiding tobacco products significantly lowers the risk of urethral cancer. Smoking cessation programs and support can aid in achieving and maintaining a tobacco-free lifestyle.
#41 Urethral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6223-urethral-cancer
Because urethral cancer is rare, healthcare providers and medical researchers are still learning the best ways to prevent it. You may be able to help prevent it by: […] Practicing safe sex. Wearing a condom will help prevent STIs. […] Practicing good hygiene. It’s important for females to wipe from front to back after peeing or having a bowel movement (pooping) to help prevent UTIs. If you’re menstruating, you should change your pads, tampons or other period hygiene products regularly. Its also a good idea to regularly wash the skin around your vagina and rectum with clean water and, if youd like, a mild, unscented soap. […] Avoiding smoking and using other tobacco products. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you need help quitting smoking.
#42 Urethral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6223-urethral-cancer
Because urethral cancer is rare, healthcare providers and medical researchers are still learning the best ways to prevent it. You may be able to help prevent it by: […] Practicing safe sex. Wearing a condom will help prevent STIs. […] Practicing good hygiene. It’s important for females to wipe from front to back after peeing or having a bowel movement (pooping) to help prevent UTIs. If you’re menstruating, you should change your pads, tampons or other period hygiene products regularly. Its also a good idea to regularly wash the skin around your vagina and rectum with clean water and, if youd like, a mild, unscented soap. […] Avoiding smoking and using other tobacco products. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you need help quitting smoking.
#43 Urethral Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/urethral-cancer-prevention/
Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the increased risk of urethral cancer. Understanding these risk factors plays a crucial role in mitigating the risk of urethral cancer and leading a healthy life. […] Engaging in safe sexual practices, including consistent condom use and avoiding multiple sexual partners, reduces the risk of HPV transmission, a key preventive measure for urethral cancer. […] Maintaining proper hygiene in the genital area helps minimize the risk of infections and reduces potential sources of irritation, contributing to overall urethral health. […] Quitting smoking and avoiding tobacco products significantly lowers the risk of urethral cancer. Smoking cessation programs and support can aid in achieving and maintaining a tobacco-free lifestyle.
#44 Urethral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6223-urethral-cancer
Because urethral cancer is rare, healthcare providers and medical researchers are still learning the best ways to prevent it. You may be able to help prevent it by: […] Practicing safe sex. Wearing a condom will help prevent STIs. […] Practicing good hygiene. It’s important for females to wipe from front to back after peeing or having a bowel movement (pooping) to help prevent UTIs. If you’re menstruating, you should change your pads, tampons or other period hygiene products regularly. Its also a good idea to regularly wash the skin around your vagina and rectum with clean water and, if youd like, a mild, unscented soap. […] Avoiding smoking and using other tobacco products. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you need help quitting smoking.
#45 Urethral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6223-urethral-cancer
Because urethral cancer is rare, healthcare providers and medical researchers are still learning the best ways to prevent it. You may be able to help prevent it by: […] Practicing safe sex. Wearing a condom will help prevent STIs. […] Practicing good hygiene. It’s important for females to wipe from front to back after peeing or having a bowel movement (pooping) to help prevent UTIs. If you’re menstruating, you should change your pads, tampons or other period hygiene products regularly. Its also a good idea to regularly wash the skin around your vagina and rectum with clean water and, if youd like, a mild, unscented soap. […] Avoiding smoking and using other tobacco products. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you need help quitting smoking.
#46 Ureter Cancer – Urologist | UC Irvine Department of Urology
https://uciurology.com/urological-cancers/ureter-cancer/
Visiting your doctor can help provide an early diagnosis of ureter cancer. […] Since ureter cancer responds better to early treatment, regular urological exams can be beneficial, especially for patients with a family history of cancers affecting reproductive organs or the urinary tract. Exams often completed in the office during a visit to a urologist typically include a digital rectal exam, blood and urine tests, ultrasound evaluations, and a semen analysis. Because of the association with bladder cancer, patients being checked for signs of ureter cancer are often evaluated for abnormalities in the bladder.
#47 Ureteral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals
https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer-causes-symptoms-prevention-treatment/
Ureteral cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the inner lining of the ureters. […] The same kind of cancer cells grow in the ureters and bladder; hence, one can pose an increased risk for cancer of the other. […] Some factors can also increase your risk of getting ureteral cancer which includes: […] Smoking: It increases the risk of urological problems, such as ureteral cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer. […] Even if the cause is not known, you can stay away from those aspects that can increase the risk of getting this cancer. Some things that you can adopt to prevent ureteral cancer are: […] Stop smoking as it is the cause of a lot of urological problems. […] You should get a regular full-body checkup as early detection of cancers will help a lot in controlling them.
#48 Ureteral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals
https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer-causes-symptoms-prevention-treatment/
Ureteral cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the inner lining of the ureters. […] The same kind of cancer cells grow in the ureters and bladder; hence, one can pose an increased risk for cancer of the other. […] Some factors can also increase your risk of getting ureteral cancer which includes: […] Smoking: It increases the risk of urological problems, such as ureteral cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer. […] Even if the cause is not known, you can stay away from those aspects that can increase the risk of getting this cancer. Some things that you can adopt to prevent ureteral cancer are: […] Stop smoking as it is the cause of a lot of urological problems. […] You should get a regular full-body checkup as early detection of cancers will help a lot in controlling them.
#49 Ureter Cancer – Urologist | UC Irvine Department of Urology
https://uciurology.com/urological-cancers/ureter-cancer/
Visiting your doctor can help provide an early diagnosis of ureter cancer. […] Since ureter cancer responds better to early treatment, regular urological exams can be beneficial, especially for patients with a family history of cancers affecting reproductive organs or the urinary tract. Exams often completed in the office during a visit to a urologist typically include a digital rectal exam, blood and urine tests, ultrasound evaluations, and a semen analysis. Because of the association with bladder cancer, patients being checked for signs of ureter cancer are often evaluated for abnormalities in the bladder.
#50 Ureter Cancer – Urologist | UC Irvine Department of Urology
https://uciurology.com/urological-cancers/ureter-cancer/
Visiting your doctor can help provide an early diagnosis of ureter cancer. […] Since ureter cancer responds better to early treatment, regular urological exams can be beneficial, especially for patients with a family history of cancers affecting reproductive organs or the urinary tract. Exams often completed in the office during a visit to a urologist typically include a digital rectal exam, blood and urine tests, ultrasound evaluations, and a semen analysis. Because of the association with bladder cancer, patients being checked for signs of ureter cancer are often evaluated for abnormalities in the bladder.
#51 Ureter Cancer – Urologist | UC Irvine Department of Urology
https://uciurology.com/urological-cancers/ureter-cancer/
Visiting your doctor can help provide an early diagnosis of ureter cancer. […] Since ureter cancer responds better to early treatment, regular urological exams can be beneficial, especially for patients with a family history of cancers affecting reproductive organs or the urinary tract. Exams often completed in the office during a visit to a urologist typically include a digital rectal exam, blood and urine tests, ultrasound evaluations, and a semen analysis. Because of the association with bladder cancer, patients being checked for signs of ureter cancer are often evaluated for abnormalities in the bladder.
#52 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#53 Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancers – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/genitourinary-cancers/renal-pelvic-and-ureteral-cancers
Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis accounts for about 7 to 15% of all kidney tumors. Urothelial carcinoma of the ureters accounts for about 4% of upper tract tumors (1). Risk factors are the same as those for bladder cancer (smoking, excess phenacetin use, long-term cyclophosphamide use, chronic irritation, exposure to certain chemicals). […] Risk of renal pelvis and ureteral cancers increases with smoking, phenacetin or cyclophosphamide use, chronic irritation, or exposure to certain chemicals. […] Ablate or excise tumors, usually using radical nephroureterectomy with perioperative chemotherapy (when able), and monitor patients with periodic cystoscopy.
#54 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#55 Urinary tract cancer – Knowledge @ AMBOSS
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/urinary-tract-cancer/
Routine screening for bladder cancer in asymptomatic adults is not recommended.
#56 Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903527/
Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence. […] Early ureteral ligation decreases the rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with renal pelvic cancer. Thus, early ureteral ligation might help in prevention of intravesical recurrence for renal pelvic cancer.
#57 Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903527/
Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence. […] Early ureteral ligation decreases the rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with renal pelvic cancer. Thus, early ureteral ligation might help in prevention of intravesical recurrence for renal pelvic cancer.
#58 Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903527/
Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence. […] Early ureteral ligation decreases the rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with renal pelvic cancer. Thus, early ureteral ligation might help in prevention of intravesical recurrence for renal pelvic cancer.
#59 Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903527/
Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence. […] Early ureteral ligation decreases the rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with renal pelvic cancer. Thus, early ureteral ligation might help in prevention of intravesical recurrence for renal pelvic cancer.
#60
https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/urethral-cancer
Urethral cancer is rare, so doctors are still determining how to prevent it. […] Reducing known risk factors such as repeated UTIs and STDs is the first step towards preventing urethral cancer, along with regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, drinking adequate fluids, practicing good hygiene and avoiding unprotected sex. […] If any of these risk factors apply to you, talk to your doctor to find out how to prevent the disease or schedule an exam.
#61 Ureter Cancer Treatment Durban | Ureteral Cancer
https://westvilleurology.co.za/urological-services/uro-oncology/ureter-cancer/
Given the uncertain aetiology, preventing ureter cancer can pose challenges. Nevertheless, adopting preventive measures like quitting smoking and minimising exposure to harmful chemicals can potentially reduce the associated risk factors.
#62
https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/urethral-cancer
Urethral cancer is rare, so doctors are still determining how to prevent it. […] Reducing known risk factors such as repeated UTIs and STDs is the first step towards preventing urethral cancer, along with regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, drinking adequate fluids, practicing good hygiene and avoiding unprotected sex. […] If any of these risk factors apply to you, talk to your doctor to find out how to prevent the disease or schedule an exam.
#63 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#64 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
People who have a lot of kidney stones or kidney infections have a higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, which is usually rare, in the renal pelvis or ureter. […] Type B increases the risk for several cancers, including colorectal cancer, other cancers of the digestive system and cancers of the urinary tract, such as renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who received radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer.
#65 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer
How can I prevent bladder cancer? […] You may not be able to prevent bladder cancer, but it may be helpful to know the risk factors that may increase the chance you’ll develop bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk factors may include: […] Smoking cigarettes: Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking pipes and cigars or being exposed to secondhand smoke also increases that risk. […] Cancer treatments: Radiation therapy is the second-most common risk factor. People who have certain chemotherapy drugs may also develop an increased risk of bladder cancer. […] Exposure to certain chemicals: People who work with chemicals, such as aromatic amines (chemicals used in dyes), are at an increased risk. Extensive exposure to rubber, leather, some textiles, paint and hairdressing supplies, typically related to occupational exposure, also appears to increase the risk. […] Infections: People who have frequent bladder infections, bladder stones or other urinary tract diseases may have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. […] Past bladder cancer: People with a previous bladder cancer are at increased risk to form new or recurrent bladder tumors.
#66 Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer (UTUC) | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/rare-cancers/upper-tract-urothelial-cancer
As the causes of UTUC is not known in most cases it is not possible to prevent the disease. However, quitting smoking, limiting exposure to certain chemicals and not taking large quantities of painkillers can help reduce your risk of developing UTUC.
#67 Ureteral cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ureteral-cancer
Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#68 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#69 Ureter Cancer | Baptist Health
https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/ureter-cancer
While some risk factors cannot be controlled, there are ways you can help to prevent ureter cancer: […] Avoid exposure to chemicals: When possible, avoid exposure to industrial chemicals. […] Don’t overuse pain medications: Take only the recommended dose for the recommended time. Talk to your physician about safe use of these medications. […] Don’t smoke: Smoking is a known cause of urinary tract irritation that may lead to cancer.
#70 Risks for renal pelvis and ureter cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/renal-pelvis-and-ureter/risks
Smoking tobacco is the main risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. There are things you can do to lower your risk and help protect you from developing cancer. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. The more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk. After you quit smoking, the risk decreases over time. […] People who took 3 or more phenacetin pills a day over several years have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer. […] People who take herbal products with aristolochic acids have a higher risk for renal pelvis or ureter cancer, as well as greater risk for kidney damage. […] People with Balkan endemic nephropathy have a higher risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
#71 Ureteral cancer | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ureteral-cancer?content_id=CON-20314003
Ureteral cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the ureters. The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The ureters are part of the urinary tract. They carry urine produced by the kidneys to the bladder. […] Although there’s no sure way to prevent ureteral cancer, you can take steps to help reduce your risk. For instance: […] If you don’t smoke, don’t start. If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about a plan to help you stop. Support groups, medicines and other methods may help you quit. […] If you work with chemicals, follow all safety instructions to avoid harmful exposure. […] Eat many different kinds of colorful fruits and vegetables. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
#72 Kidney Cancer Basics | Kidney Cancer | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/index.html
To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers, keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you work with the chemical trichloroethylene. […] To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers: Keep a healthy weight. […] Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. […] Be very careful if you use certain kinds of chemicals, especially trichloroethylene. This chemical is used by workers in some jobs, like those that work with metals.
#73 Urethral Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/urethral-cancer-prevention/
Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the increased risk of urethral cancer. Understanding these risk factors plays a crucial role in mitigating the risk of urethral cancer and leading a healthy life. […] Engaging in safe sexual practices, including consistent condom use and avoiding multiple sexual partners, reduces the risk of HPV transmission, a key preventive measure for urethral cancer. […] Maintaining proper hygiene in the genital area helps minimize the risk of infections and reduces potential sources of irritation, contributing to overall urethral health. […] Quitting smoking and avoiding tobacco products significantly lowers the risk of urethral cancer. Smoking cessation programs and support can aid in achieving and maintaining a tobacco-free lifestyle.
#74 Ureter Cancer – Urologist | UC Irvine Department of Urology
https://uciurology.com/urological-cancers/ureter-cancer/
Visiting your doctor can help provide an early diagnosis of ureter cancer. […] Since ureter cancer responds better to early treatment, regular urological exams can be beneficial, especially for patients with a family history of cancers affecting reproductive organs or the urinary tract. Exams often completed in the office during a visit to a urologist typically include a digital rectal exam, blood and urine tests, ultrasound evaluations, and a semen analysis. Because of the association with bladder cancer, patients being checked for signs of ureter cancer are often evaluated for abnormalities in the bladder.
#75 Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903527/
Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence. […] Early ureteral ligation decreases the rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with renal pelvic cancer. Thus, early ureteral ligation might help in prevention of intravesical recurrence for renal pelvic cancer.
#76 Urethral Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/urethral-cancer-prevention/
Understanding urethral cancer, its risk factors, and preventive measures is crucial for promoting early detection and effective management. Prioritizing healthy lifestyle choices, regular screenings, and prompt medical attention contributes to overall urological health. […] Individuals at higher risk for urethral cancer include older individuals, those with a history of bladder cancer, smokers, and those with frequent urinary tract infections. Awareness of these risk factors aids in early detection and preventive measures.