Puchitis
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Puchitis, czyli zapalenie zbiornika jelitowego, jest istotnym powikłaniem po proktokolektomii odtwórczej z IPAA u pacjentów z wrzodziejącym zapaleniem jelita grubego (WZJG). Występuje u nawet 70% pacjentów po zabiegu, a przewlekła postać dotyczy 10-15%, z ryzykiem niepowodzenia zbiornika sięgającym 10%. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują współistnienie pierwotnego stwardniającego zapalenia dróg żółciowych (PSC), które zwiększa 10-letnie ryzyko puchitis do 79% (w porównaniu do 46% bez PSC), wczesne wystąpienie puchitis (iloraz szans 3,51-5,55) oraz dyssynergię miednicy. Modele głębokiego uczenia (DL) wykazują ponad 20% wyższą skuteczność w przewidywaniu puchitis niż tradycyjne wskaźniki aktywności choroby (mPDAI), co może wspierać wczesne interwencje terapeutyczne. U części pacjentów rozwija się fenotyp podobny do choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna (ChLC), który jest główną przyczyną niepowodzenia zbiornika, charakteryzujący się obecnością przetok, zwężeń oraz zapaleniem jelita krętego przed zbiornikiem.

Przewlekłe puchitis jest początkowo leczone antybiotykami z efektywnością 70-80%, jednak nawroty występują u 15-40% pacjentów. W przypadkach opornych stosuje się terapie biologiczne: infliksymab (skuteczność do 88%), vedolizumab (30-40%) oraz tofacitinib (50-60%), choć potrzebne są dalsze randomizowane badania. W ciężkich, nawracających przypadkach rozważa się interwencje chirurgiczne. Proaktywne monitorowanie endoskopowe (pouchoskopia) może umożliwić wczesne wykrycie zapalenia nawet u pacjentów bezobjawowych, co stanowi potencjalny cel leczenia. Konieczne są dalsze badania nad fenotypem ChLC zbiornika oraz rozwój wiarygodnych wskaźników diagnostycznych, aby poprawić stratifikację ryzyka i wyniki leczenia. Interdyscyplinarna współpraca i spersonalizowane podejście terapeutyczne pozostają kluczowe w zarządzaniu puchitis, zwłaszcza w kontekście przewlekłego zapalenia zbiornika jelitowego.

Puchitis – Prognoza (przewidywanie wyników)

Puchitis (zapalenie zbiornika jelitowego) jest jednym z głównych powikłań pooperacyjnych u pacjentów z wrzodziejącym zapaleniem jelita grubego (WZJG) po proktokolektomii odtwórczej z wytworzeniem zbiornika jelitowego (ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, IPAA). Dokładne przewidywanie rozwoju puchitis u pacjentów po IPAA pozostaje wyzwaniem klinicznym, jednak zidentyfikowano kilka czynników prognostycznych, które mogą pomóc w ocenie ryzyka i podejmowaniu decyzji terapeutycznych.12

Częstotliwość występowania i wskaźniki niepowodzenia

Puchitis może rozwinąć się nawet u 70% pacjentów po zabiegu IPAA, znacząco obniżając jakość życia, zwłaszcza jeśli stan zapalny przejdzie w postać przewlekłą. Przewlekłe puchitis występuje u około 10-15% pacjentów z wytworzonymi zbiornikami jelitowymi po leczeniu WZJG. Wskaźnik niepowodzenia zbiornika jelitowego wymagającego wytworzenia ileostomii lub usunięcia zbiornika może sięgać nawet 10%.34

Pacjenci, którzy doświadczyli jednego epizodu ostrego puchitis, są bardziej narażeni na rozwój przewlekłego puchitis, z odsetkiem progresji wynoszącym 20-30%. Choć przewidywanie, którzy pacjenci rozwiną przewlekłe puchitis jest trudne, jest to istotne dla stratyfikacji ryzyka i ukierunkowania na modyfikowalne czynniki ryzyka, aby zapobiec lub opóźnić progresję.5

Czynniki prognostyczne puchitis

Zidentyfikowano kilka czynników ryzyka rozwoju puchitis i jego przewlekłej postaci:

  • Pierwotne stwardniające zapalenie dróg żółciowych (PSC) – Skumulowane ryzyko puchitis 10 lat po IPAA wynosiło 79% dla pacjentów z WZJG i współistniejącym PSC w porównaniu do 46% dla pacjentów bez PSC. Obecność PSC zwiększa ryzyko ostrego i przewlekłego puchitis i jest niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju puchitis.67
  • Wczesne wystąpienie puchitis – Wczesne pojawienie się puchitis może przewidywać rozwój przewlekłego puchitis. Jedno badanie wykazało, że wystąpienie puchitis w medianie 1,5 roku po zamknięciu stomii wiązało się z ilorazem szans 5,55, a inne badanie wskazywało na wcześniejsze wystąpienie po 6 miesiącach z ilorazem szans 3,51.89
  • Dyssynergia miednicy – Zaobserwowano wyższą częstość występowania dyssynergii miednicy u pacjentów z przewlekłym puchitis, co sugeruje pozytywne powiązanie.10

Przewidywanie rozwoju puchitis przy użyciu sztucznej inteligencji

Nowsze metody, takie jak modele głębokiego uczenia (DL), oferują obiecujące podejście do przewidywania rozwoju puchitis. Wskaźnik przewidywania puchitis przy użyciu modelu DL był o ponad 20% wyższy niż przy użyciu tradycyjnego wskaźnika aktywności choroby (mPDAI). Sugeruje to użyteczność modelu DL jako narzędzia prognostycznego dla rozwoju puchitis. Może on również służyć do określenia wczesnych interwencji w leczeniu puchitis.11

Progresja do fenotypu choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna

U części pacjentów z WZJG po proktokolektomii z IPAA może rozwinąć się fenotyp podobny do choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna (ChLC) i jest to najczęstsza przyczyna niepowodzenia zbiornika jelitowego. Chociaż jednolita definicja ChLC zbiornika jelitowego nadal nie istnieje, najczęściej zgłaszane kryteria diagnostyczne obejmowały:

  1. Obecność przetoki/przetok
  2. Zwężenie obejmujące zbiornik lub jelito krętego przed zbiornikiem
  3. Obecność zapalenia jelita krętego przed zbiornikiem

Niedawna meta-analiza wykazała, że wskaźnik niepowodzenia zbiornika u pacjentów z ChLC z zamierzonym i przypadkowym IPAA był znacznie wyższy w porównaniu do pacjentów z WZJG.1213

Wyniki leczenia i wpływ na jakość życia

Przewlekłe puchitis jest początkowo leczone antybiotykami z skutecznością 70-80%, jednak nawroty występują u 15-40% pacjentów. W przypadkach opornych na antybiotyki, terapie biologiczne mogą być skuteczne:

  • Infliksymab – do 88% skuteczności
  • Vedolizumab – 30-40% skuteczności
  • Tofacitinib – 50-60% skuteczności

Należy jednak zauważyć, że potrzebne są dodatkowe randomizowane badania.14

Opcje chirurgiczne mogą być rozważane w przypadku nawracającego ciężkiego puchitis lub gdy znacząco wpływa na jakość życia pacjenta. Skuteczne zarządzanie przewlekłym puchitis wymaga spersonalizowanego podejścia, a leczenie ma na celu złagodzenie objawów i zapobieganie nawrotom.15

Monitorowanie i przyszłe kierunki badań

Badania w celu poprawy wyników zbiornika jelitowego są niezbędne i mogłyby rozpocząć się od zbadania proaktywnego protokołu monitorowania. Ponieważ zapalenie zbiornika można zidentyfikować przez pouchoskopię nawet u pacjentów bezobjawowych, należy zbadać aktywność endoskopową jako proaktywny cel leczenia puchitis.16

Potrzebne są również badania, które lepiej scharakteryzują fenotyp ChLC zbiornika, ponieważ jego definicja jest wciąż kontrowersyjna, a jednocześnie jest to istotny czynnik prognostyczny u pacjentów z nieswoistymi zapaleniami jelit (IBD).17

Potrzebny jest również wiarygodny wskaźnik diagnostyczny zarówno dla badań klinicznych, jak i praktyki. Nowsze wskaźniki diagnostyczne wydają się bardziej wiarygodne i responsywne, biorąc pod uwagę porządkowy charakter ich kategorii.18

Trwające badania i interdyscyplinarna współpraca są niezbędne do poprawy wyników leczenia pacjentów z puchitis, szczególnie w kontekście przewlekłego zapalenia zbiornika jelitowego, które może znacząco wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów.19

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 13.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Prediction of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis using artificial intelligence and deep learning – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35233723/
    Pouchitis is one of the major postoperative complications of ulcerative colitis (UC), and it is still difficult to predict the development of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in UC patients. […] The prediction rate of pouchitis using the DL model was more than 20% higher than that using mPDAI, suggesting the utility of the DL model as a prediction model for the development of pouchitis. It could also be used to determine early interventions for pouchitis.
  • #2 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occasionally need a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) because of medically refractory colitis or dysplasia/cancer. However, pouchitis may develop in up to 70% of patients after this procedure and significantly impair quality of life, more so if the inflammation becomes a chronic condition. […] A phenotype that has features similar to Crohns disease may develop in a subset of ulcerative colitis patients following proctocolectomy with IPAA and is the most frequent reason for pouch failure. […] In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of pouchitis, risk factors for pouchitis development, and treatment options for pouchitis, including the newer biological agents. […] The rate of pouch failure requiring diversion ileostomy or pouch excision has been reported to be as high as 10% and several risk factors contributing to the failure have been reported.
  • #3 Chronic pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know | Frontline Gastroenterology
    https://fg.bmj.com/content/16/2/143
    Chronic pouchitis occurs in 10%15% of pouches for ulcerative colitis. […] Rates of pouchitis seem to be increasing and chronic pouchitis is associated with significant morbidity and impacts quality of life. […] Chronic pouchitis is treated initially with antibiotics with an efficacy of 70%80%initially, and relapse in 15%40%. […] For antibiotic refractory cases, biological therapies including infliximab (up to 88% efficacy), vedolizumab (30%%40%efficacy) and tofacitinib (50%60%efficacy) can be useful, although more randomised data are necessary. […] Surgical options may be considered with recurrent severe pouchitis, or when impacting significantly on a patients quality of life. […] Effective chronic pouchitis management requires a personalised approach. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Chronic pouchitis can severely impact on a patients quality of life, and therefore surgical options remain a valuable alternative for those not responding to medical therapy. Ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve patient outcomes.
  • #4 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occasionally need a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) because of medically refractory colitis or dysplasia/cancer. However, pouchitis may develop in up to 70% of patients after this procedure and significantly impair quality of life, more so if the inflammation becomes a chronic condition. […] A phenotype that has features similar to Crohns disease may develop in a subset of ulcerative colitis patients following proctocolectomy with IPAA and is the most frequent reason for pouch failure. […] In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of pouchitis, risk factors for pouchitis development, and treatment options for pouchitis, including the newer biological agents. […] The rate of pouch failure requiring diversion ileostomy or pouch excision has been reported to be as high as 10% and several risk factors contributing to the failure have been reported.
  • #5 Navigating Chronic Pouchitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/january-2025/navigating-chronic-pouchitis-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management/
    Chronic pouchitis affects 13% to 17% of patients with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis and ulcerative colitis, and 20% with a history of acute pouchitis. […] Pouchitis, particularly chronic pouchitis, by virtue of persistent symptoms and treatment challenges, is associated with a poor quality of life and pouch failure. […] Patients who develop 1 episode of acute pouchitis are at increased risk for chronic pouchitis, with progression rates of 20% to 30%. […] Predicting which patients with pouches will develop chronic pouchitis is difficult but important for risk stratification and targeting modifiable risk factors to prevent or delay progression. […] Early-onset pouchitis predicts chronic pouchitis. […] One study found that onset at a median of 1.5 years after stoma closure had an odds ratio of 5.55.
  • #6 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    CD of the pouch can develop in a subset of UC patients treated by proctocolectomy with IPAA and is the most frequent reason for pouch failure and excision. […] A recent meta-analysis showed that the pouch failure rate in CD patients with intentional and incidental IPAA was significantly higher compared to UC. […] Although a uniform definition of CD of the pouch is still lacking, the most commonly reported diagnostic criteria were (1) presence of fistula/fistulae, (2) stricture involving the pouch or pre-pouch ileum, and (3) presence of pre-pouch ileitis. […] Persistent inflammation in a strip of rectal cuff is also a major complication in IBD patients treated by proctocolectomy with IPAA and cuff biopsies are helpful to diagnose cuffitis. […] The cumulative risk of pouchitis at 10 years after IPAA was 79% for UC patients with PSC and 46% for those without.
  • #7 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    The presence of PSC increases the risk of acute and chronic pouchitis and is an independent risk factor for the development of pouchitis. […] Studies to improve pouch outcomes are essential and, as presented in this review, could begin with investigating a proactive monitoring protocol. […] Since the pouch inflammation can be identified by pouchoscopy even in asymptomatic patients, we need to investigate endoscopic activity as a proactive target to treat pouchitis. […] Furthermore, though previous studies demonstrated that CD of the pouch is a poor prognostic factor in IBD patients, the definition of CD of the pouch is still controversial and further studies should be warranted to characterize this phenotype.
  • #8 Navigating Chronic Pouchitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/january-2025/navigating-chronic-pouchitis-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management/
    Chronic pouchitis affects 13% to 17% of patients with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis and ulcerative colitis, and 20% with a history of acute pouchitis. […] Pouchitis, particularly chronic pouchitis, by virtue of persistent symptoms and treatment challenges, is associated with a poor quality of life and pouch failure. […] Patients who develop 1 episode of acute pouchitis are at increased risk for chronic pouchitis, with progression rates of 20% to 30%. […] Predicting which patients with pouches will develop chronic pouchitis is difficult but important for risk stratification and targeting modifiable risk factors to prevent or delay progression. […] Early-onset pouchitis predicts chronic pouchitis. […] One study found that onset at a median of 1.5 years after stoma closure had an odds ratio of 5.55.
  • #9 Navigating Chronic Pouchitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/january-2025/navigating-chronic-pouchitis-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management/
    Another study reported an earlier onset at 6 months with an odds ratio of 3.51. […] There is a higher prevalence of pelvic dyssynergia in patients with chronic pouchitis, suggesting a positive association. […] Chronic pouchitis is a challenging and common complication of IPAA, with pathogenesis evolving from microbially mediated antibiotic-sensitive to antibiotic-resistant and immune-mediated processes. […] However, modifiable risk factors for disease progression can be targeted. […] A reliable diagnostic index is needed for both clinical trials and practice. […] Newer diagnostic indices appear more reliable and responsive, given the ordinal nature of their categories.
  • #10 Navigating Chronic Pouchitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/january-2025/navigating-chronic-pouchitis-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management/
    Another study reported an earlier onset at 6 months with an odds ratio of 3.51. […] There is a higher prevalence of pelvic dyssynergia in patients with chronic pouchitis, suggesting a positive association. […] Chronic pouchitis is a challenging and common complication of IPAA, with pathogenesis evolving from microbially mediated antibiotic-sensitive to antibiotic-resistant and immune-mediated processes. […] However, modifiable risk factors for disease progression can be targeted. […] A reliable diagnostic index is needed for both clinical trials and practice. […] Newer diagnostic indices appear more reliable and responsive, given the ordinal nature of their categories.
  • #11 Prediction of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis using artificial intelligence and deep learning – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35233723/
    Pouchitis is one of the major postoperative complications of ulcerative colitis (UC), and it is still difficult to predict the development of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in UC patients. […] The prediction rate of pouchitis using the DL model was more than 20% higher than that using mPDAI, suggesting the utility of the DL model as a prediction model for the development of pouchitis. It could also be used to determine early interventions for pouchitis.
  • #12 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occasionally need a restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) because of medically refractory colitis or dysplasia/cancer. However, pouchitis may develop in up to 70% of patients after this procedure and significantly impair quality of life, more so if the inflammation becomes a chronic condition. […] A phenotype that has features similar to Crohns disease may develop in a subset of ulcerative colitis patients following proctocolectomy with IPAA and is the most frequent reason for pouch failure. […] In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of pouchitis, risk factors for pouchitis development, and treatment options for pouchitis, including the newer biological agents. […] The rate of pouch failure requiring diversion ileostomy or pouch excision has been reported to be as high as 10% and several risk factors contributing to the failure have been reported.
  • #13 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    CD of the pouch can develop in a subset of UC patients treated by proctocolectomy with IPAA and is the most frequent reason for pouch failure and excision. […] A recent meta-analysis showed that the pouch failure rate in CD patients with intentional and incidental IPAA was significantly higher compared to UC. […] Although a uniform definition of CD of the pouch is still lacking, the most commonly reported diagnostic criteria were (1) presence of fistula/fistulae, (2) stricture involving the pouch or pre-pouch ileum, and (3) presence of pre-pouch ileitis. […] Persistent inflammation in a strip of rectal cuff is also a major complication in IBD patients treated by proctocolectomy with IPAA and cuff biopsies are helpful to diagnose cuffitis. […] The cumulative risk of pouchitis at 10 years after IPAA was 79% for UC patients with PSC and 46% for those without.
  • #14 Chronic pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know | Frontline Gastroenterology
    https://fg.bmj.com/content/16/2/143
    Chronic pouchitis occurs in 10%15% of pouches for ulcerative colitis. […] Rates of pouchitis seem to be increasing and chronic pouchitis is associated with significant morbidity and impacts quality of life. […] Chronic pouchitis is treated initially with antibiotics with an efficacy of 70%80%initially, and relapse in 15%40%. […] For antibiotic refractory cases, biological therapies including infliximab (up to 88% efficacy), vedolizumab (30%%40%efficacy) and tofacitinib (50%60%efficacy) can be useful, although more randomised data are necessary. […] Surgical options may be considered with recurrent severe pouchitis, or when impacting significantly on a patients quality of life. […] Effective chronic pouchitis management requires a personalised approach. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Chronic pouchitis can severely impact on a patients quality of life, and therefore surgical options remain a valuable alternative for those not responding to medical therapy. Ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve patient outcomes.
  • #15 Chronic pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know | Frontline Gastroenterology
    https://fg.bmj.com/content/16/2/143
    Chronic pouchitis occurs in 10%15% of pouches for ulcerative colitis. […] Rates of pouchitis seem to be increasing and chronic pouchitis is associated with significant morbidity and impacts quality of life. […] Chronic pouchitis is treated initially with antibiotics with an efficacy of 70%80%initially, and relapse in 15%40%. […] For antibiotic refractory cases, biological therapies including infliximab (up to 88% efficacy), vedolizumab (30%%40%efficacy) and tofacitinib (50%60%efficacy) can be useful, although more randomised data are necessary. […] Surgical options may be considered with recurrent severe pouchitis, or when impacting significantly on a patients quality of life. […] Effective chronic pouchitis management requires a personalised approach. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Chronic pouchitis can severely impact on a patients quality of life, and therefore surgical options remain a valuable alternative for those not responding to medical therapy. Ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve patient outcomes.
  • #16 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    The presence of PSC increases the risk of acute and chronic pouchitis and is an independent risk factor for the development of pouchitis. […] Studies to improve pouch outcomes are essential and, as presented in this review, could begin with investigating a proactive monitoring protocol. […] Since the pouch inflammation can be identified by pouchoscopy even in asymptomatic patients, we need to investigate endoscopic activity as a proactive target to treat pouchitis. […] Furthermore, though previous studies demonstrated that CD of the pouch is a poor prognostic factor in IBD patients, the definition of CD of the pouch is still controversial and further studies should be warranted to characterize this phenotype.
  • #17 Pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7873408/
    The presence of PSC increases the risk of acute and chronic pouchitis and is an independent risk factor for the development of pouchitis. […] Studies to improve pouch outcomes are essential and, as presented in this review, could begin with investigating a proactive monitoring protocol. […] Since the pouch inflammation can be identified by pouchoscopy even in asymptomatic patients, we need to investigate endoscopic activity as a proactive target to treat pouchitis. […] Furthermore, though previous studies demonstrated that CD of the pouch is a poor prognostic factor in IBD patients, the definition of CD of the pouch is still controversial and further studies should be warranted to characterize this phenotype.
  • #18 Navigating Chronic Pouchitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/january-2025/navigating-chronic-pouchitis-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management/
    Another study reported an earlier onset at 6 months with an odds ratio of 3.51. […] There is a higher prevalence of pelvic dyssynergia in patients with chronic pouchitis, suggesting a positive association. […] Chronic pouchitis is a challenging and common complication of IPAA, with pathogenesis evolving from microbially mediated antibiotic-sensitive to antibiotic-resistant and immune-mediated processes. […] However, modifiable risk factors for disease progression can be targeted. […] A reliable diagnostic index is needed for both clinical trials and practice. […] Newer diagnostic indices appear more reliable and responsive, given the ordinal nature of their categories.
  • #19 Chronic pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know | Frontline Gastroenterology
    https://fg.bmj.com/content/16/2/143
    Chronic pouchitis occurs in 10%15% of pouches for ulcerative colitis. […] Rates of pouchitis seem to be increasing and chronic pouchitis is associated with significant morbidity and impacts quality of life. […] Chronic pouchitis is treated initially with antibiotics with an efficacy of 70%80%initially, and relapse in 15%40%. […] For antibiotic refractory cases, biological therapies including infliximab (up to 88% efficacy), vedolizumab (30%%40%efficacy) and tofacitinib (50%60%efficacy) can be useful, although more randomised data are necessary. […] Surgical options may be considered with recurrent severe pouchitis, or when impacting significantly on a patients quality of life. […] Effective chronic pouchitis management requires a personalised approach. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Chronic pouchitis can severely impact on a patients quality of life, and therefore surgical options remain a valuable alternative for those not responding to medical therapy. Ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve patient outcomes.