Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information

  While there’s no cure for chronic kidney disease, there are lifestyle changes and treatments you can take to slow its progression. […] Treatment can slow the progression of the disease. […] The goals of these treatments are to ease symptoms, help keep the disease from getting worse, and lessen complications. In some cases, your treatment may help restore some of your kidney function. But there is no cure for chronic kidney disease. […] If you have chronic kidney disease, you and your doctor will manage it together. The goal is to slow it down so that your kidneys can still do their job. […] You’ll take medicines and may need to change your diet. If you have diabetes, it needs to be managed. If your kidneys don’t work anymore, you might need dialysis (in which a machine filters your blood) and you could talk with your doctor about whether a kidney transplant would help.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should. […] There’s no cure for CKD, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on how severe your condition is. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you remain as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions; this may be necessary in advanced CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced CKD. […] You’ll also be advised to have regular check-ups to monitor your condition.

• #3 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  During kidney transplant surgery, the donor kidney is placed in your lower abdomen. Blood vessels of the new kidney are attached to blood vessels in the lower part of your abdomen, just above one of your legs. The new kidney’s urine tube (ureter) is connected to your bladder. Unless they are causing complications, your own kidneys are left in place. […] Depending on the cause, some types of kidney disease can be treated. Often, though, chronic kidney disease has no cure. […] Treatment usually consists of measures to help control signs and symptoms, reduce complications, and slow progression of the disease. If your kidneys become severely damaged, you might need treatment for end-stage kidney disease. […] Your doctor will work to slow or control the cause of your kidney disease. Treatment options vary depending on the cause. But kidney damage can continue to worsen even when an underlying condition, such as diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, has been controlled.

• #4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #5

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  There’s no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on the stage of your CKD. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you stay as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions, which may be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD. […] There’s no medicine specifically for CKD, but medicine can help control many of the problems that cause the condition and the complications that can happen as a result of it. […] You may need to take medicine to treat or prevent the different problems caused by CKD.

• #6 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis & Treatments NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/nephrology/services/chronic-kidney-disease/treatments

  Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease can slow the rate of kidney function loss, reduce complications, and postpone or eliminate your need for dialysis or transplantation. […] If you receive a chronic kidney disease diagnosis, our nephrologists will create a treatment plan that fits your individual needs and lifestyle. […] With chronic kidney disease treatment, our goal is always to preserve your health, and save you from potentially serious complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease, nerve damage, anemia, and broken bones. With early-stage chronic kidney disease, the purpose of care is to prevent or slow the disease. With later-stage chronic kidney disease, we help you by treating and relieving your symptoms. […] Our multidisciplinary approach brings together a team of chronic kidney disease specialists, including highly ranked general nephrologists and specialists in various aspects of kidney disease, nurse practitioners, social workers, and registered dietitians. We collaborate to create a treatment plan designed for you. One of the hallmarks of our program is continuity of care. This means that you will see the same doctors throughout your kidney treatment at Mount Sinai.

• #7 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 1 in 7 American adults (37 million people) has chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. […] Without treatment, CKD can cause serious health problems including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). But if treated early, some patients may be able to reverse or delay the progression of their condition. […] If you have CKD, you may be eligible for therapies that could reverse or delay the worsening of your condition. This means that you could live longer and with fewer health complications. Without treatment, CKD can advance to complete kidney failure or ESRD. […] There are several treatment options, depending on the underlying cause of your condition and the stage of your CKD. Some causes are treatable and some are not. Treatment options for CKD may include:

• #8

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  There’s no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on the stage of your CKD. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you stay as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions, which may be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD. […] There’s no medicine specifically for CKD, but medicine can help control many of the problems that cause the condition and the complications that can happen as a result of it. […] You may need to take medicine to treat or prevent the different problems caused by CKD.

• #9 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #10

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  Good control of blood pressure is vital to protect the kidneys. […] People with kidney disease should usually aim to get their blood pressure down to below 140/90mmHg, but you should aim to get it down to below 130/80mmHg if you also have diabetes. […] There are many types of blood pressure medicines, but medicines called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often used. […] If the side effects of ACE inhibitors are particularly troublesome, you can be given a medicine called an angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) instead. […] If you also have type 2 diabetes or a high albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) you may be offered a type of medicine called an SGLT2 inhibitor, such as dapagliflozin, as well as medicines for high blood pressure. […] Dapagliflozin helps to lower your blood sugar and can reduce damage to your kidneys.

• #11 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), you can take steps to protect your kidneys from more damage. […] The most important step you can take to treat kidney disease is to control your blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage your kidneys. You can protect your kidneys by keeping your blood pressure at or less than the goal set by your health care provider. For most people, the blood pressure goal is less than 140/90 mm Hg. […] Many people with CKD take medicines prescribed to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose, and lower cholesterol. […] Two types of blood pressure medicines, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, may slow kidney disease and delay kidney failure, even in people who don’t have high blood pressure. […] A dietitian who knows about kidney disease can work with you to create a meal plan that includes foods that are healthy for you and that you enjoy eating.

• #12 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  Managing CKD is focused on four very important goals: […] Specific treatment recommendations depend on your stage of CKD and what other health conditions you have (including any CKD complications). Below are recommendations that apply to most people with CKD. No two people are the same, so talk with your healthcare professional about recommendations tailored to you. […] Your healthcare professional may prescribe one or more medicines to help slow down or stop your CKD from getting worse. These medicines can include an ACE inhibitor/ARB, an SGLT2 inhibitor and/or an nsMRA. […] Your healthcare professional may also prescribe a statin (cholesterol medicine). Guidelines recommend a statin for people with CKD who also have diabetes, a history of heart disease, or are age 50 or older. Even if you do not have high cholesterol, a statin can help lower your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.

• #13 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are medicines that help to lower blood sugar commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes. They also keep kidney disease and heart disease from getting worse. […] Your doctor may give you medicine to lower your blood pressure and keep it in a healthy range, including: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Beta blockers, Diuretics (water pills), Calcium channel blockers. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to control your heart disease, including: Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics (water pills), ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Beta blockers, Potassium binders. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines called statins. Statins help lower cholesterol to help blood flow through your body more easily.

• #14

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  Good control of blood pressure is vital to protect the kidneys. […] People with kidney disease should usually aim to get their blood pressure down to below 140/90mmHg, but you should aim to get it down to below 130/80mmHg if you also have diabetes. […] There are many types of blood pressure medicines, but medicines called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often used. […] If the side effects of ACE inhibitors are particularly troublesome, you can be given a medicine called an angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) instead. […] If you also have type 2 diabetes or a high albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) you may be offered a type of medicine called an SGLT2 inhibitor, such as dapagliflozin, as well as medicines for high blood pressure. […] Dapagliflozin helps to lower your blood sugar and can reduce damage to your kidneys.

• #15 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information

  High blood pressure makes chronic kidney disease more likely — and kidney disease can affect your blood pressure. So your doctor may prescribe one of these types of blood-pressure medicines: […] The diabetes medicines dapagliflozin (Farxiga) and empagliflozin (Jardiance) have been shown to slow kidney disease even in people without diabetes. […] If your kidneys don’t work well anymore, you’ll need dialysis to do their job. […] Hemodialysis uses a machine with a mechanical filter to cleanse your blood. […] If your kidney disease is advanced, a kidney transplant could be a treatment option. […] A successful transplant would mean that you don’t have to get dialysis. After your transplant, you will need to take medicines so that your body accepts the donated kidney. […] If you have end stage renal (kidney) disease, doctors consider a transplant to be the best option if you’re a good candidate.

• #16 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are medicines that help to lower blood sugar commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes. They also keep kidney disease and heart disease from getting worse. […] Your doctor may give you medicine to lower your blood pressure and keep it in a healthy range, including: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Beta blockers, Diuretics (water pills), Calcium channel blockers. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to control your heart disease, including: Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics (water pills), ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Beta blockers, Potassium binders. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines called statins. Statins help lower cholesterol to help blood flow through your body more easily.

• #17 Doctor Discussion Guide | CKD Treatment | FARXIGA® (dapagliflozin)

  https://www.farxiga.com/ckd-treatment/doctor-discussion-guide

  A proven CKD treatment because there are places you want to be […] For adults with CKD, FARXIGA is also proven to help: […] Protection Against Dialysis and Kidney Failure […] Reduce the risk of kidney failure, which can lead to dialysis […] Progression of CKD […] Slow the progression of CKD […] Reducing the Risk of CV Death […] Keep you living life by reducing the risk of cardiovascular death […] FARXIGA is a prescription medicine used to: […] reduce the risk of further worsening of your kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, death due to cardiovascular disease, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic kidney disease […] Please see Prescribing Information and Medication Guide for FARXIGA.

• #18

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  Good control of blood pressure is vital to protect the kidneys. […] People with kidney disease should usually aim to get their blood pressure down to below 140/90mmHg, but you should aim to get it down to below 130/80mmHg if you also have diabetes. […] There are many types of blood pressure medicines, but medicines called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often used. […] If the side effects of ACE inhibitors are particularly troublesome, you can be given a medicine called an angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) instead. […] If you also have type 2 diabetes or a high albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) you may be offered a type of medicine called an SGLT2 inhibitor, such as dapagliflozin, as well as medicines for high blood pressure. […] Dapagliflozin helps to lower your blood sugar and can reduce damage to your kidneys.

• #19 FDA Approves Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-treatment-chronic-kidney-disease

  Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Farxiga (dapagliflozin) oral tablets to reduce the risk of kidney function decline, kidney failure, cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic kidney disease who are at risk of disease progression. […] Chronic kidney disease is an important public health issue, and there is a significant unmet need for therapies that slow disease progression and improve outcomes, said Aliza Thompson, M.D., M.S., deputy director of the Division of Cardiology and Nephrology in the FDAs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Todays approval of Farxiga for the treatment of chronic kidney disease is an important step forward in helping people living with kidney disease. […] The efficacy of Farxiga to improve kidney outcomes and reduce cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease was evaluated in a multicenter, double-blind study.

• #20

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You may also be given an additional medicine called finerenone to take with dapagliflozin. […] You may be prescribed medicines called statins to reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] If you have CKD, it’s important to avoid taking potassium supplements and some medicines used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure because they can make your potassium levels too high. […] A medicine called sodium zirconium cyclosilicate can be used to treat hyperkalaemia in adults, but only if it’s used in emergency care for acute life-threatening hyperkalaemia alongside standard care. […] You may get swelling in your ankles, feet and hands if you have kidney disease. […] You may be advised to reduce your daily salt and fluid intake, including fluids in food such as soups and yoghurts, to help reduce the swelling.

• #21 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  Discover how medicines for chronic kidney disease can ease symptoms, slow disease progression and prevent complications. […] Understanding the treatment options for chronic kidney disease can be challenging, but having clear, concise information shouldn’t have to be. […] From controlling symptoms to slowing disease progression, each medicine plays an important role. […] Metformin is the most common medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps to lower your blood sugar to prevent or slow damage to your kidneys. […] Finerenone is a type of medicine called a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (nsMRA) and is used for people who have both CKD and type 2 diabetes. […] GLP-1 RAs are a class of medicine that help manage blood sugar (glucose) levels. […] These medicines slow down damage to your kidneys by lowering your blood sugar so the filtering units in your kidneys are not damaged by the high levels of sugar.

• #22 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  Discover how medicines for chronic kidney disease can ease symptoms, slow disease progression and prevent complications. […] Understanding the treatment options for chronic kidney disease can be challenging, but having clear, concise information shouldn’t have to be. […] From controlling symptoms to slowing disease progression, each medicine plays an important role. […] Metformin is the most common medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps to lower your blood sugar to prevent or slow damage to your kidneys. […] Finerenone is a type of medicine called a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (nsMRA) and is used for people who have both CKD and type 2 diabetes. […] GLP-1 RAs are a class of medicine that help manage blood sugar (glucose) levels. […] These medicines slow down damage to your kidneys by lowering your blood sugar so the filtering units in your kidneys are not damaged by the high levels of sugar.

• #23 Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Treatment Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p378.html

  When screening for or staging CKD, consider assessing function with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and serum cystatin-C measurement. […] ACE inhibitors are the best treatment for nondiabetic CKD, whereas ACE inhibitors and ARBs are beneficial in diabetic CKD. Combination ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy should be avoided. […] Treating type 2 diabetes with metformin in CKD reduces mortality and can be continued until eGFR drops to 30 mL per minute per 1.73 m2. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists also improve outcomes in CKD. […] Metformin is considered first-line therapy to decrease mortality in type 2 diabetes with CKD. Metformin can be started above an eGFR of 45 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 and safely continued until eGFR drops to 30 mL per minute per 1.73 m2. […] Consider additional treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists to reduce CKD progression. SGLT-2 inhibitors slow CKD progression and reduce hospitalization for heart failure, with uncertain effect on mortality. Based on a post-hoc trial analysis, GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to reduce major cardiovascular events and mortality in CKD and may slightly reduce CKD progression.

• #24 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #25

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You may also be given an additional medicine called finerenone to take with dapagliflozin. […] You may be prescribed medicines called statins to reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] If you have CKD, it’s important to avoid taking potassium supplements and some medicines used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure because they can make your potassium levels too high. […] A medicine called sodium zirconium cyclosilicate can be used to treat hyperkalaemia in adults, but only if it’s used in emergency care for acute life-threatening hyperkalaemia alongside standard care. […] You may get swelling in your ankles, feet and hands if you have kidney disease. […] You may be advised to reduce your daily salt and fluid intake, including fluids in food such as soups and yoghurts, to help reduce the swelling.

• #26 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #27 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  If you have anemia, your doctor may prescribe: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), Iron supplements, HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) stabilizers. […] If you have metabolic acidosis, your doctor may prescribe sodium bicarbonate (the active ingredient in baking soda) in pill form to help balance the acid in your blood and help slow kidney disease. […] Your doctor may prescribe: Phosphate binders, Calcium and Vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] If you have SHPT, your doctor may prescribe: A calcimimetic, Calcium or vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] Always talk to your doctor before you take sodium bicarbonate or any other medicine to treat acid in your blood. […] The only way to know which medicines are right for you is to talk to your doctor. […] Always talk to your doctor before you start or stop any medicines, including any vitamins and supplements.

• #28 Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Treatment Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p378.html

  When CKD is complicated by metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate supplementation should be used to slow progression to end-stage renal disease. […] Although CKD is associated with hyperuricemia, urate-lowering therapy does not slow CKD progression. […] Vitamin D, calcimimetics, and phosphate binders do not improve patient-oriented outcomes, even if parathyroid hormone levels are elevated. […] In CKD, anemia is often associated with iron deficiency. Although intravenous iron replacement is most efficient, oral replacement is optimal when taken every other day. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents should not be used when hemoglobin is 10 g per dL (100 g per L) or more.

• #29 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  If you have anemia, your doctor may prescribe: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), Iron supplements, HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) stabilizers. […] If you have metabolic acidosis, your doctor may prescribe sodium bicarbonate (the active ingredient in baking soda) in pill form to help balance the acid in your blood and help slow kidney disease. […] Your doctor may prescribe: Phosphate binders, Calcium and Vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] If you have SHPT, your doctor may prescribe: A calcimimetic, Calcium or vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] Always talk to your doctor before you take sodium bicarbonate or any other medicine to treat acid in your blood. […] The only way to know which medicines are right for you is to talk to your doctor. […] Always talk to your doctor before you start or stop any medicines, including any vitamins and supplements.

• #30 Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Treatment Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p378.html

  When CKD is complicated by metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate supplementation should be used to slow progression to end-stage renal disease. […] Although CKD is associated with hyperuricemia, urate-lowering therapy does not slow CKD progression. […] Vitamin D, calcimimetics, and phosphate binders do not improve patient-oriented outcomes, even if parathyroid hormone levels are elevated. […] In CKD, anemia is often associated with iron deficiency. Although intravenous iron replacement is most efficient, oral replacement is optimal when taken every other day. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents should not be used when hemoglobin is 10 g per dL (100 g per L) or more.

• #31 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview

  Delaying or halting the progression of CKD Treatment of the underlying condition, if possible, is indicated. […] The pathologic manifestations of CKD should be treated as follows: Anemia: When the hemoglobin level is below 10 g/dL, treat with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), which include epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, after iron saturation and ferritin levels are at acceptable levels; patients on dialysis for more than 3 months may be treated with the hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor vadadustat. […] Hyperphosphatemia Treat with dietary phosphate binders and dietary phosphate restriction. […] Hypocalcemia Treat with calcium supplements with or without calcitriol. […] Hyperparathyroidism Treat with calcitriol or vitamin D analogues or calcimimetics. […] Volume overload Treat with loop diuretics or ultrafiltration.

• #32 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  If you have anemia, your doctor may prescribe: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), Iron supplements, HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) stabilizers. […] If you have metabolic acidosis, your doctor may prescribe sodium bicarbonate (the active ingredient in baking soda) in pill form to help balance the acid in your blood and help slow kidney disease. […] Your doctor may prescribe: Phosphate binders, Calcium and Vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] If you have SHPT, your doctor may prescribe: A calcimimetic, Calcium or vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] Always talk to your doctor before you take sodium bicarbonate or any other medicine to treat acid in your blood. […] The only way to know which medicines are right for you is to talk to your doctor. […] Always talk to your doctor before you start or stop any medicines, including any vitamins and supplements.

• #33 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #34 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  If you have anemia, your doctor may prescribe: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), Iron supplements, HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) stabilizers. […] If you have metabolic acidosis, your doctor may prescribe sodium bicarbonate (the active ingredient in baking soda) in pill form to help balance the acid in your blood and help slow kidney disease. […] Your doctor may prescribe: Phosphate binders, Calcium and Vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] If you have SHPT, your doctor may prescribe: A calcimimetic, Calcium or vitamin D supplements to help balance the calcium and vitamin D in your body. […] Always talk to your doctor before you take sodium bicarbonate or any other medicine to treat acid in your blood. […] The only way to know which medicines are right for you is to talk to your doctor. […] Always talk to your doctor before you start or stop any medicines, including any vitamins and supplements.

• #35 Medicines to manage kidney disease

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatments/medicines-manage-kidney-disease

  SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are medicines that help to lower blood sugar commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes. They also keep kidney disease and heart disease from getting worse. […] Your doctor may give you medicine to lower your blood pressure and keep it in a healthy range, including: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Beta blockers, Diuretics (water pills), Calcium channel blockers. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to control your heart disease, including: Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics (water pills), ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), Beta blockers, Potassium binders. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines called statins. Statins help lower cholesterol to help blood flow through your body more easily.

• #36 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #37 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  It is important to limit your sodium (salt) intake to less than 2300 mg per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt from all the food and drinks you consume each day). This recommendation is very important if you also have high blood pressure. […] Based on the results of your blood tests, your healthcare professional or kidney dietitian may also advise you to change how much potassium, phosphorus, and/or calcium you might be getting through your diet. […] People with CKD should also avoid certain pain medicines known as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These can be harmful to your kidneys, especially at higher doses and/or with long-term use. […] If your healthcare professional says you have metabolic acidosis, increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday can help lower the level of acid in your blood. This can also help slow down your CKD progression (worsening).

• #38 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #39 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #40 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #41

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You may also be given an additional medicine called finerenone to take with dapagliflozin. […] You may be prescribed medicines called statins to reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] If you have CKD, it’s important to avoid taking potassium supplements and some medicines used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure because they can make your potassium levels too high. […] A medicine called sodium zirconium cyclosilicate can be used to treat hyperkalaemia in adults, but only if it’s used in emergency care for acute life-threatening hyperkalaemia alongside standard care. […] You may get swelling in your ankles, feet and hands if you have kidney disease. […] You may be advised to reduce your daily salt and fluid intake, including fluids in food such as soups and yoghurts, to help reduce the swelling.

• #42 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Lifestyle changes such as getting to a healthy weight, eating well, exercising and quitting smoking […] Medications to help you achieve your target blood pressure, cholesterol, iron, calcium, or Vitamin D levels […] Dialysis. If your kidneys fail or stop working, you may need dialysis to stay alive. Dialysis is a form of kidney replacement therapy that removes waste products from the blood and regulates fluids. […] Kidney transplant. Some patients with kidney failure may be a candidate for kidney transplant. The kidney may be donated by a family member, an unrelated donor, or a cadaver donor. […] Your doctor may recommend medications and supplements to manage your condition in combination with lifestyle changes. Medications and supplements used to treat CKD Include: […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. They help manage high blood pressure.

• #43 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), you can take steps to protect your kidneys from more damage. […] The most important step you can take to treat kidney disease is to control your blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage your kidneys. You can protect your kidneys by keeping your blood pressure at or less than the goal set by your health care provider. For most people, the blood pressure goal is less than 140/90 mm Hg. […] Many people with CKD take medicines prescribed to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose, and lower cholesterol. […] Two types of blood pressure medicines, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, may slow kidney disease and delay kidney failure, even in people who don’t have high blood pressure. […] A dietitian who knows about kidney disease can work with you to create a meal plan that includes foods that are healthy for you and that you enjoy eating.

• #44 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  Nutrition counseling from a registered dietitian to help meet your medical or health goals is called medical nutrition therapy (MNT). […] Be active for 30 minutes or more on most days. Physical activity can help you reduce stress, manage your weight, and achieve your blood pressure and blood glucose goals. […] Cigarette smoking can make kidney damage worse. Quitting smoking may help you meet your blood pressure goals, which is good for your kidneys, and can lower your chances of having a heart attack or stroke.

• #45 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.health.com/condition/kidney-disease/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease

  Exercising and staying active are great ways to help your kidneys. A review published in 2019 found that staying active boosted the GFR rate and also helped keep other medical conditions, like high blood pressure, under control. You should aim for about 30 minutes of physical activity or more each day. […] You may want to work with a dietitian to create a meal plan that meets the needs of someone with CKD. Maintaining a healthy weight can help slow CKD, address underlying health conditions, and prevent complications. […] Stopping smoking can have numerous health benefits, including slowing the progression of CKD and lowering your risk of stroke or heart disease. […] With the steps above, you may be able to keep your kidneys functioning healthfully for years. However, some people find that despite their efforts, they have developed kidney failure, which is when about 90% of kidney function is gone. If this happens, two options exist: Hemodialysis: A treatment that filters your blood using a machine […] Kidney transplant: Only two in every 1,000 people with CKD needed a kidney transplant or dialysis in 2020. […] Peritoneal dialysis: A treatment that uses your abdomen, or stomach lining, to filter blood.

• #46 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  Nutrition counseling from a registered dietitian to help meet your medical or health goals is called medical nutrition therapy (MNT). […] Be active for 30 minutes or more on most days. Physical activity can help you reduce stress, manage your weight, and achieve your blood pressure and blood glucose goals. […] Cigarette smoking can make kidney damage worse. Quitting smoking may help you meet your blood pressure goals, which is good for your kidneys, and can lower your chances of having a heart attack or stroke.

• #47 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.health.com/condition/kidney-disease/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease

  Exercising and staying active are great ways to help your kidneys. A review published in 2019 found that staying active boosted the GFR rate and also helped keep other medical conditions, like high blood pressure, under control. You should aim for about 30 minutes of physical activity or more each day. […] You may want to work with a dietitian to create a meal plan that meets the needs of someone with CKD. Maintaining a healthy weight can help slow CKD, address underlying health conditions, and prevent complications. […] Stopping smoking can have numerous health benefits, including slowing the progression of CKD and lowering your risk of stroke or heart disease. […] With the steps above, you may be able to keep your kidneys functioning healthfully for years. However, some people find that despite their efforts, they have developed kidney failure, which is when about 90% of kidney function is gone. If this happens, two options exist: Hemodialysis: A treatment that filters your blood using a machine […] Kidney transplant: Only two in every 1,000 people with CKD needed a kidney transplant or dialysis in 2020. […] Peritoneal dialysis: A treatment that uses your abdomen, or stomach lining, to filter blood.

• #48 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #49 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Early referral to a nephrologist is of extreme importance. […] The medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the following: Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, Diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD, Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy. […] Measures indicated to delay or halt the progression of CKD are as follows: Treatment of the underlying condition if possible, Aggressive blood pressure control to target values per current guidelines, Treatment of hyperlipidemia to target levels per current guidelines, Aggressive glycemic control per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations (target hemoglobin A1c [HbA1C] 7%), Avoidance of nephrotoxins, including intravenous (IV) radiocontrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and proteinuria, Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with proteinuria, Use of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

• #50 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. Transplanted kidneys can come from deceased or living donors. […] For some who choose not to have dialysis or a kidney transplant, a third option is to treat your kidney failure with conservative measures. Conservative measures likely will include symptom management, advance care planning and care to keep you comfortable (palliative care). […] As part of your treatment for chronic kidney disease, your doctor might recommend a special diet to help support your kidneys and limit the work they must do. […] Your doctor might recommend regular follow-up testing to see whether your kidney disease remains stable or progresses.

• #51 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens over time. […] Theres no cure for CKD, but you can take steps to preserve function for as long as possible. Late-stage kidney disease requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. […] Treatments like dialysis and transplantation are options for kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease). […] If you have reduced kidney function: […] Manage your blood glucose (sugar) if you have diabetes. […] Follow a kidney-friendly diet. Dietary changes may include limiting protein, eating foods that reduce blood cholesterol levels and limiting sodium (salt) and potassium intake. […] Depending on the cause of your kidney disease, you may be prescribed one or more medications. […] Because theres no cure for CKD, if youre in end-stage kidney disease, you and your healthcare team must consider additional options.

• #52 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  It is important to limit your sodium (salt) intake to less than 2300 mg per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt from all the food and drinks you consume each day). This recommendation is very important if you also have high blood pressure. […] Based on the results of your blood tests, your healthcare professional or kidney dietitian may also advise you to change how much potassium, phosphorus, and/or calcium you might be getting through your diet. […] People with CKD should also avoid certain pain medicines known as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These can be harmful to your kidneys, especially at higher doses and/or with long-term use. […] If your healthcare professional says you have metabolic acidosis, increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday can help lower the level of acid in your blood. This can also help slow down your CKD progression (worsening).

• #53 Chronic Kidney Disease – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease

  The optimal level of PTH in patients with CKD stages 3a to 5 not on dialysis is not known. […] Restricted water intake is required only when serum sodium concentration is 135 mmol/L (or mEq/L) or there is heart failure or severe edema. […] Sodium restriction of 2 g/day is recommended for CKD patients with eGFR 60 mL/m/1.73 m2 who have hypertension, volume overload, or proteinuria. […] Potassium restriction is individualized based on serum level, eGFR, dietary customs, and use of medications that increase potassium levels. […] Metabolic acidosis should be treated to bring serum bicarbonate to 18 mmol/L to help reverse or slow muscle wasting, bone loss, and progression of CKD. […] Anemia is a common complication of moderate to advanced CKD (stage 3) and, when hemoglobin is 10g/dL, is treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), such as recombinant human erythropoietin (eg, epoetin alfa).

• #54 Chronic Kidney Disease – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease

  Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors delay progression of proteinuric CKD in patients with or without diabetes […] Activity need not be restricted, although fatigue and lassitude usually limit a patient’s capacity for exercise. […] Pruritus may respond to dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders if serum phosphate is elevated. […] Moderate protein restriction (0.8 g/kg/day) among patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without nephrotic syndrome is recommended in patients without frailty, sarcopenia, or metabolic derangements. […] Hyperphosphatemia should be treated with dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders. […] Vitamin D deficiency should be treated with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) to target serum vitamin D 25-OH level approximately 30 to 50 ng/mL, as long as there is no hyperphosphatemia or hypercalcemia.

• #55 How Chronic Kidney Disease Is Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/kidney-disease-treatments-4170060

  The goals of a CKD diet are to slow the progression of the disease and minimize any harm the accumulation of waste and fluids can do to other organs, most predominately the heart and cardiovascular system. […] To this end, you would need to immediately adjust your diet in three key ways: Choose heart-healthy foods. […] Reduce your sodium intake. […] Limit the intake of protein. […] Prescription medications are commonly used to manage the symptoms of CKD or prevent later-stage complications. Some aid in reducing anemia and hypertension, while others are used to normalize the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the blood. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used to relax blood vessels and reduce high blood pressure. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) function similarly to ACE inhibitors but target the receptor rather than the enzyme to reduce blood pressure.

• #56 Chronic Kidney Disease – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease

  The optimal level of PTH in patients with CKD stages 3a to 5 not on dialysis is not known. […] Restricted water intake is required only when serum sodium concentration is 135 mmol/L (or mEq/L) or there is heart failure or severe edema. […] Sodium restriction of 2 g/day is recommended for CKD patients with eGFR 60 mL/m/1.73 m2 who have hypertension, volume overload, or proteinuria. […] Potassium restriction is individualized based on serum level, eGFR, dietary customs, and use of medications that increase potassium levels. […] Metabolic acidosis should be treated to bring serum bicarbonate to 18 mmol/L to help reverse or slow muscle wasting, bone loss, and progression of CKD. […] Anemia is a common complication of moderate to advanced CKD (stage 3) and, when hemoglobin is 10g/dL, is treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), such as recombinant human erythropoietin (eg, epoetin alfa).

• #57 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  It is important to limit your sodium (salt) intake to less than 2300 mg per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt from all the food and drinks you consume each day). This recommendation is very important if you also have high blood pressure. […] Based on the results of your blood tests, your healthcare professional or kidney dietitian may also advise you to change how much potassium, phosphorus, and/or calcium you might be getting through your diet. […] People with CKD should also avoid certain pain medicines known as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These can be harmful to your kidneys, especially at higher doses and/or with long-term use. […] If your healthcare professional says you have metabolic acidosis, increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday can help lower the level of acid in your blood. This can also help slow down your CKD progression (worsening).

• #58 Chronic Kidney Disease – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease

  Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors delay progression of proteinuric CKD in patients with or without diabetes […] Activity need not be restricted, although fatigue and lassitude usually limit a patient’s capacity for exercise. […] Pruritus may respond to dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders if serum phosphate is elevated. […] Moderate protein restriction (0.8 g/kg/day) among patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without nephrotic syndrome is recommended in patients without frailty, sarcopenia, or metabolic derangements. […] Hyperphosphatemia should be treated with dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders. […] Vitamin D deficiency should be treated with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) to target serum vitamin D 25-OH level approximately 30 to 50 ng/mL, as long as there is no hyperphosphatemia or hypercalcemia.

• #59 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview

  Delaying or halting the progression of CKD Treatment of the underlying condition, if possible, is indicated. […] The pathologic manifestations of CKD should be treated as follows: Anemia: When the hemoglobin level is below 10 g/dL, treat with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), which include epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, after iron saturation and ferritin levels are at acceptable levels; patients on dialysis for more than 3 months may be treated with the hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor vadadustat. […] Hyperphosphatemia Treat with dietary phosphate binders and dietary phosphate restriction. […] Hypocalcemia Treat with calcium supplements with or without calcitriol. […] Hyperparathyroidism Treat with calcitriol or vitamin D analogues or calcimimetics. […] Volume overload Treat with loop diuretics or ultrafiltration.

• #60 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd

  It is important to limit your sodium (salt) intake to less than 2300 mg per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt from all the food and drinks you consume each day). This recommendation is very important if you also have high blood pressure. […] Based on the results of your blood tests, your healthcare professional or kidney dietitian may also advise you to change how much potassium, phosphorus, and/or calcium you might be getting through your diet. […] People with CKD should also avoid certain pain medicines known as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These can be harmful to your kidneys, especially at higher doses and/or with long-term use. […] If your healthcare professional says you have metabolic acidosis, increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday can help lower the level of acid in your blood. This can also help slow down your CKD progression (worsening).

• #61 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), you can take steps to protect your kidneys from more damage. […] The most important step you can take to treat kidney disease is to control your blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage your kidneys. You can protect your kidneys by keeping your blood pressure at or less than the goal set by your health care provider. For most people, the blood pressure goal is less than 140/90 mm Hg. […] Many people with CKD take medicines prescribed to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose, and lower cholesterol. […] Two types of blood pressure medicines, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, may slow kidney disease and delay kidney failure, even in people who don’t have high blood pressure. […] A dietitian who knows about kidney disease can work with you to create a meal plan that includes foods that are healthy for you and that you enjoy eating.

• #62 Chronic kidney disease (CKD): symptoms, causes, treatment and diagnosis

  https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/conditions-symptoms/chronic-kidney-disease/

  If you have been told that you have mild to moderate CKD you’ll probably be: […] given advice about staying as healthy as possible (e.g. by doing regular exercise, eating a healthy diet) and controlling blood pressure and protein loss with medications such as “ACE inhibitors” and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) […] offered medications and treatments if you develop anaemia or bone disease. […] If your kidney disease looks like it’s getting worse you may be advised to start thinking about possible treatments should your kidneys eventually fail. These treatments (e.g. peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis and kidney transplantation) are known as renal replacement therapies because they do some of the work of the kidneys. […] You may also be advised to follow a special diet, where some types of foods and drinks are restricted, especially if you are on dialysis. A renal dietitian will work with you to create a plan that is tailor-made to your particular needs and lifestyle.

• #63 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  Kidney disease complications can be controlled to make you more comfortable. Treatments might include: High blood pressure medications. People with kidney disease can have worsening high blood pressure. Your doctor might recommend medications to lower your blood pressure commonly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and to preserve kidney function. […] If your kidneys can’t keep up with waste and fluid clearance on their own and you develop complete or near-complete kidney failure, you have end-stage kidney disease. At that point, you need dialysis or a kidney transplant. […] Dialysis artificially removes waste products and extra fluid from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do this. In hemodialysis, a machine filters waste and excess fluids from your blood.

• #64

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  If you have anaemia, you may be given tablets or injections to help your body produce more red blood cells. […] If this does not lower your phosphate level enough, you may be given medicines called phosphate binders. […] If a kidney biopsy finds this is the cause of your kidney problems, you may be prescribed medicine to reduce the activity of your immune system, such as a steroid or a medicine called cyclophosphamide. […] One of the options when CKD reaches this stage is dialysis. […] This is a method of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. […] An alternative to dialysis for people with severely reduced kidney function is a kidney transplant. […] This is often the most effective treatment for advanced kidney disease, but it involves major surgery and taking medicines (immunosuppressants) for the rest of your life to stop your body attacking the donor organ.

• #65 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  Kidney disease complications can be controlled to make you more comfortable. Treatments might include: High blood pressure medications. People with kidney disease can have worsening high blood pressure. Your doctor might recommend medications to lower your blood pressure commonly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and to preserve kidney function. […] If your kidneys can’t keep up with waste and fluid clearance on their own and you develop complete or near-complete kidney failure, you have end-stage kidney disease. At that point, you need dialysis or a kidney transplant. […] Dialysis artificially removes waste products and extra fluid from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do this. In hemodialysis, a machine filters waste and excess fluids from your blood.

• #66 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease

  Options for end-stage kidney disease include dialysis and kidney transplantation. […] Dialysis is a procedure that uses machines to remove waste products from your body when your kidneys are no longer able to perform this function. […] Kidney transplantation involves replacing an unhealthy kidney with a healthy kidney.

• #67 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #68 Explore Potential Treatment Options for Kidney Failure | American Diabetes Association

  https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/chronic-kidney-disease/treatment-options-kidney-failure

  There are many potential benefits to HHD, such as: The ability to dialyze in the comfort of your own home, Greater ability to travel, Shorter recovery time after treatments, Fewer medications required. […] In-center hemodialysis requires you to visit a dialysis center three times per week. […] In-center hemodialysis offers several potential benefits, which include: The chance to socialize with other patients and staff, A personalized care team, No supplies to store at home. […] In-center nocturnal dialysis allows you to dialyze in-center overnight three times per week, for 68 hours while you sleep. […] It also includes potential benefits such as: No interference with daytime schedule, An improved appetite, Better blood pressure control.

• #69 Explore Potential Treatment Options for Kidney Failure | American Diabetes Association

  https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/chronic-kidney-disease/treatment-options-kidney-failure

  A kidney transplant is the best possible treatment option for patients with kidney failure. […] If you arent eligible for a kidney transplant, or if you are awaiting a kidney from a living or deceased donor, you will need dialysis. […] When it comes to treating kidney failure with dialysis, you have certain options. […] PD is a needle-free treatment done at home that uses the lining of the abdomen (or belly) to filter waste from the blood. […] Some of the potential benefits of PD include: Control of your own treatment and a more flexible schedule, Greater ability to pursue personal interests, Preservation of remaining kidney function, leading to enhanced clinical outcomes, Better transplant outcomes because PD is also gentler on the body, including the heart. […] HHD works just like in-center hemodialysis by using an external filter to clean toxins from your body, only the machine is smaller and more user-friendly.

• #70 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  Statins. These medications help lower cholesterol levels. […] Diuretics. They help keep body fluids in balance. Patients with CKD may retain fluids. […] Erythropoietin supplements. These supplements treat anemia by helping the body produce red blood cells. […] Calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements can strengthen bones to reduce risk of fracture. […] Mass General Brigham offers dialysis for acute and chronic treatment. […] There are two kinds of dialysis: […] Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney machines cleans or filters your blood. […] Peritoneal dialysis: Patients sometimes prefer this type of dialysis because it can be done at home or at work. […] Our kidney transplant programs at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital provide nationally recognized, personalized care for kidney failure. […] The Equity in Kidney Transplantation (EqKT) Initiative at Mass General is working to address health disparities by bringing kidney transplant care to underserved communities. […] Our pioneering research and innovative clinical trials allow some patients to live drug-free after transplant.

• #71 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Delaying or Halting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Treating Pathologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-treatment

  The National Kidney Foundations Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) has issued several clinical practice guidelines for managing all stages of CKD and related complications in adults. […] Patients with CKD acutely presenting with indications for dialytic therapy should be transferred to a hospital center where acute dialysis can be performed. […] Indications for renal replacement therapy in patients with CKD include the following: Severe metabolic acidosis, Hyperkalemia, Pericarditis, Encephalopathy, Intractable volume overload, Failure to thrive and malnutrition, Peripheral neuropathy, Intractable gastrointestinal symptoms, In asymptomatic adult patients, a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 5-9 mL/min/1.73 m, irrespective of the cause of the CKD or the presence of absence of other comorbidities. […] Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy includes early patient education regarding natural disease progression, different dialytic modalities, kidney transplantation, and the option to refuse or discontinue chronic dialysis.

• #72 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview

  Metabolic acidosis Treat with oral alkali supplementation. […] Uremic manifestations Treat with long-term renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation). […] Indications for renal replacement therapy include the following: Severe metabolic acidosis, Hyperkalemia, Pericarditis, Encephalopathy, Intractable volume overload, Failure to thrive and malnutrition, Peripheral neuropathy, Intractable gastrointestinal symptoms, In asymptomatic patients, a GFR of 5-9 mL/min/1.73 m.

• #73 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/

  Slowing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors contributing to the progression of CKD, including hypertension, proteinuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperlipidemia, should be addressed. Hypertension should be managed according to established blood pressure goals, while proteinuria should be reduced to less than 1 g/d if possible. […] Preparation and Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy: Once stage 4 CKD progression is noted, patients should be presented with various options for renal replacement therapy, as mentioned below. […] Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment option for ESRD due to its survival benefit compared to long-term dialysis therapy. Patients with CKD are typically eligible for renal transplant evaluation when the eGFR falls below 20 mL/min/1.73 m. […] When to Refer to a Nephrologist: Patients should be referred to a nephrologist at any stage of CKD or for urinary abnormalities, especially when the eGFR falls below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. An early referral ensures optimal management.

• #74 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. Transplanted kidneys can come from deceased or living donors. […] For some who choose not to have dialysis or a kidney transplant, a third option is to treat your kidney failure with conservative measures. Conservative measures likely will include symptom management, advance care planning and care to keep you comfortable (palliative care). […] As part of your treatment for chronic kidney disease, your doctor might recommend a special diet to help support your kidneys and limit the work they must do. […] Your doctor might recommend regular follow-up testing to see whether your kidney disease remains stable or progresses.

• #75 Kidney Failure: Stages, ESRD, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17689-kidney-failure

  A surgeon places a healthy kidney in your body during a kidney transplant to take over for your damaged kidney. The healthy kidney (donor organ) may come from a deceased donor or a living donor. […] With proper treatment, you can continue to live a happy, fulfilling life. But, you can expect to need treatment for the rest of your life. Remember, you cant reverse kidney disease or kidney failure, you can only slow its progression.

• #76 Treatments for kidney disease – AKF

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatment-kidney-failure

  When you have kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease, or ESRD), it means your kidneys have stopped working well enough for you to live without treatment. There is no cure for kidney failure, but with treatment many people with kidney failure are able to keep doing activities they want or need to do. Talk to your doctor about which treatment is best for you. […] Dialysis is a treatment to clean your blood when your kidneys are not able to. It helps your body remove waste and extra fluids in your blood. It does some of the work that your kidneys did when they were healthy. A healthy, working kidney can remove fluid and waste 24 hours a day. Dialysis can only do 10-15% of what a normal kidney does. […] A kidney transplant is a surgery to give you a healthy kidney from someone else’s body. A kidney transplant may come from a living donor or from a deceased donor. The healthy kidney can do the job that your kidneys did when they were healthy. A kidney transplant is not a cure, but a treatment for kidney failure. You will need to take medicines and take special care of your transplanted kidney for the rest of your life.

• #77 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/

  Slowing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors contributing to the progression of CKD, including hypertension, proteinuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperlipidemia, should be addressed. Hypertension should be managed according to established blood pressure goals, while proteinuria should be reduced to less than 1 g/d if possible. […] Preparation and Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy: Once stage 4 CKD progression is noted, patients should be presented with various options for renal replacement therapy, as mentioned below. […] Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment option for ESRD due to its survival benefit compared to long-term dialysis therapy. Patients with CKD are typically eligible for renal transplant evaluation when the eGFR falls below 20 mL/min/1.73 m. […] When to Refer to a Nephrologist: Patients should be referred to a nephrologist at any stage of CKD or for urinary abnormalities, especially when the eGFR falls below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. An early referral ensures optimal management.

• #78 Chronic Kidney Disease – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease

  Symptomatic heart failure is treated with sodium restriction, diuretics, and sometimes, dialysis. […] Dialysis is usually initiated at the onset of either of the following: uremic symptoms or difficulty controlling fluid overload, hyperkalemia, or acidosis with medications and lifestyle interventions. […] If a living kidney donor is available, better long-term outcomes occur when a patient receives the transplanted kidney early, even before beginning dialysis.

• #79

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  If you have anaemia, you may be given tablets or injections to help your body produce more red blood cells. […] If this does not lower your phosphate level enough, you may be given medicines called phosphate binders. […] If a kidney biopsy finds this is the cause of your kidney problems, you may be prescribed medicine to reduce the activity of your immune system, such as a steroid or a medicine called cyclophosphamide. […] One of the options when CKD reaches this stage is dialysis. […] This is a method of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. […] An alternative to dialysis for people with severely reduced kidney function is a kidney transplant. […] This is often the most effective treatment for advanced kidney disease, but it involves major surgery and taking medicines (immunosuppressants) for the rest of your life to stop your body attacking the donor organ.

• #80 What Is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/urinary-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/guide/

  If your CKD progresses to the point of kidney failure, you’ll need to start dialysis (unless an immediate kidney transplant is an option). Dialysis is the process of filtering waste products and excess fluid from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do this. […] A kidney transplant may help you live longer and sustain a better quality of life, according to the National Kidney Foundation. But it involves major surgery that carries risks, and you’ll need to take anti-rejection medication for as long as your new kidney is working which raises your risk of infection and some types of cancer.

• #81 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. Transplanted kidneys can come from deceased or living donors. […] For some who choose not to have dialysis or a kidney transplant, a third option is to treat your kidney failure with conservative measures. Conservative measures likely will include symptom management, advance care planning and care to keep you comfortable (palliative care). […] As part of your treatment for chronic kidney disease, your doctor might recommend a special diet to help support your kidneys and limit the work they must do. […] Your doctor might recommend regular follow-up testing to see whether your kidney disease remains stable or progresses.

• #82

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You’ll be offered supportive treatment if you decide not to have dialysis or a transplant for kidney failure, or they’re not suitable for you. […] The aim is to treat and control the symptoms of kidney failure. […] Many people choose supportive treatment because they are unlikely to benefit from or have a good quality of life with treatment.

• #83

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You’ll be offered supportive treatment if you decide not to have dialysis or a transplant for kidney failure, or they’re not suitable for you. […] The aim is to treat and control the symptoms of kidney failure. […] Many people choose supportive treatment because they are unlikely to benefit from or have a good quality of life with treatment.

• #84 Kidney failure (ESRD) – Symptoms, stages, & treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-failure

  Kidney transplant: A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in your body. […] Conservative management focuses on your quality of life and managing symptoms without dialysis or a kidney transplant. Conservative management is also called comfort care, non-dialytic care, supportive care, or comprehensive conservative care. […] There are many things to consider when choosing a treatment for kidney failure, including lifestyle, health problems or the need for someone to assist you. Your decision should be based on your medical history, a healthcare professionals opinion, and on what you and your family want. Learning about your treatment choices will help you decide which is best for you.

• #85 Treatments for kidney disease – AKF

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/treatment-kidney-failure

  Medical management uses medicine and kidney-friendly eating to lower the symptoms of kidney disease and help you feel better. Medical management is not a treatment for kidney failure and it will not keep you alive. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a medicine that has shown to help protect the kidneys. This medicine is a type of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It is an oral tablet that may reduce the risk of kidney failure in adults with chronic kidney disease. Talk to your doctor about whether this medicine could be an option for you.

• #86

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You’ll be offered supportive treatment if you decide not to have dialysis or a transplant for kidney failure, or they’re not suitable for you. […] The aim is to treat and control the symptoms of kidney failure. […] Many people choose supportive treatment because they are unlikely to benefit from or have a good quality of life with treatment.

• #87 Kidney failure (ESRD) – Symptoms, stages, & treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-failure

  Kidney transplant: A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in your body. […] Conservative management focuses on your quality of life and managing symptoms without dialysis or a kidney transplant. Conservative management is also called comfort care, non-dialytic care, supportive care, or comprehensive conservative care. […] There are many things to consider when choosing a treatment for kidney failure, including lifestyle, health problems or the need for someone to assist you. Your decision should be based on your medical history, a healthcare professionals opinion, and on what you and your family want. Learning about your treatment choices will help you decide which is best for you.

• #88

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  You’ll be offered supportive treatment if you decide not to have dialysis or a transplant for kidney failure, or they’re not suitable for you. […] The aim is to treat and control the symptoms of kidney failure. […] Many people choose supportive treatment because they are unlikely to benefit from or have a good quality of life with treatment.

• #89 Kidney failure (ESRD) – Symptoms, stages, & treatment | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-failure

  Kidney transplant: A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in your body. […] Conservative management focuses on your quality of life and managing symptoms without dialysis or a kidney transplant. Conservative management is also called comfort care, non-dialytic care, supportive care, or comprehensive conservative care. […] There are many things to consider when choosing a treatment for kidney failure, including lifestyle, health problems or the need for someone to assist you. Your decision should be based on your medical history, a healthcare professionals opinion, and on what you and your family want. Learning about your treatment choices will help you decide which is best for you.

• #90 Treatment of chronic kidney disease in older populations | Nature Reviews Nephrology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00854-w

  As the world population ages, an expected increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among older individuals will pose a considerable challenge for health care systems in terms of resource allocation for disease management. […] Treatment strategies for older patients with CKD should ideally align with those applied to the general population, focusing on minimizing cardiovascular events and reducing the risk of progression to kidney failure. […] Emerging therapies, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, hold promise for the effective management of CKD in older individuals. […] In addition, non-pharmacological interventions such as nutritional and exercise therapies have a crucial role. […] These interventions enhance the effects of pharmacotherapy and, importantly, contribute to the maintenance of cognitive function and overall quality of life.

• #91 New trial to test potential treatment for chronic kidney disease | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-09-18-new-trial-test-potential-treatment-chronic-kidney-disease

  The first participants have been recruited in Oxford for a new multinational clinical trial that will investigate whether a novel treatment can help slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). […] The EASi-KIDNEY trial will evaluate whether vicadrostat, also known as BI 690517, improves clinical outcomes in a large group of people living with CKD when it is given in combination with existing treatments. […] The EMPA-KIDNEY trial, led by researchers at Oxford Population Health, demonstrated that empagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney disease progression or death from cardiovascular disease by 28% in patients with CKD with and without diabetes. Empagliflozin is now recommended as a foundational treatment for CKD in many countries. […] Additional treatments are urgently required to lessen the often devastating impact of kidney failure on quality of life and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death.

• #92 New trial to test potential treatment for chronic kidney disease | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-09-18-new-trial-test-potential-treatment-chronic-kidney-disease

  The EASi-KIDNEYTM trial will investigate whether the combination of vicadrostat (BI 690517) and empagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney disease progression, hospitalisation for heart failure, or death from cardiovascular disease in people with CKD compared with empagliflozin, when added on top of standard medical care. […] When given in combination with empagliflozin, our novel selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, vicadrostat, showed a significant reduction of albuminuria, a marker of potential kidney benefit, by up to 40%. […] The results from the new treatments earlier trial are especially promising. We hope that the effects on urine protein translate into important clinical improvements with long-term treatment in what will be one of the largest trials ever conducted in this population. […] The EASi-KIDNEY trial will be the first to use this unique clinical trial management technology, and we are delighted to have partnered with Oxford Population Health and Boehringer Ingelheim to support people living with chronic kidney disease.

• #93 New gene therapy research offers hope for people with chronic kidney disease | OHSU News

  https://news.ohsu.edu/2024/12/30/new-gene-therapy-research-offers-hope-for-people-with-chronic-kidney-disease

  New gene therapy research offers hope for people with chronic kidney disease. […] Researchers are making strides in improving gene therapies for genetic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease, using adeno-associated virus, or AAV, vectors. […] New research by Oregon Health Science University scientists, however, has uncovered multiple factors to improve gene delivery to the kidney, including AAV capsids, delivery routes such as IV injection or direct injection into the renal vein or renal pelvis areas closer to the kidneys and kidney disease conditions. […] Hiroyuki Nakai, M.D., Ph.D., has short, straight, black hair, eye glasses and a white coat. He is smiling in the lab. […] The teams research suggests that these local injections may improve the targeting of kidney cells and reduce unwanted side effects, while IV injection emerges as an effective approach to deliver genes to the kidney when the kidney is diseased, but not when it is healthy.

• #94 New gene therapy research offers hope for people with chronic kidney disease | OHSU News

  https://news.ohsu.edu/2024/12/30/new-gene-therapy-research-offers-hope-for-people-with-chronic-kidney-disease

  Our study shows that we can deliver genes to renal tubules and podocytes [highly specialized cells] in the kidney, the two important target cell types for gene therapy, and while there is a significant barrier, we now know that it is possible, especially for certain types of kidney diseases. […] This research provides valuable insights into how to optimize AAV-based gene delivery to the kidney in both basic research and gene therapy. It shows that the best results come not just from choosing the right virus capsid, but also from carefully considering how and where to administer it, depending on the disease condition. These findings could pave the way for more effective treatments for people suffering from kidney diseases in the future.

• #95 UC Davis Health launches new cell therapy trial for chronic kidney disease patients

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/uc-davis-health-launches-new-cell-therapy-trial-for-chronic-kidney-disease-patients/2025/04

  About one in seven people in the United States suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD), with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) being the main cause. […] Existing therapies like dialysis may delay the decline of kidney function, yet many patients continue to progress to kidney failure. […] But now theres a potential new treatment being evaluated for patients with CKD. It relies on cell therapy which refers to the transfer of a specific cell type, or types, into a person to treat or prevent a disease. […] This first-in-class cell therapy for CKD could potentially preserve kidney function in people whose kidneys have become damaged because of type 2 diabetes. […] Current treatment options for CKD involve uncomfortable physical side effects and a lifetime use of medications, said Prasanth Surampudi, a UC Davis Health associate professor of endocrinology, diabetes metabolism, and principal investigator for the trial. Additionally, these treatments just control the condition and do not cure it. Finding a therapy that could improve kidney function would tremendously improve the quality of life for patients suffering from CKD.

• #96 UC Davis Health launches new cell therapy trial for chronic kidney disease patients

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/uc-davis-health-launches-new-cell-therapy-trial-for-chronic-kidney-disease-patients/2025/04

  The technology has the potential to restore kidney function by using a patients own SRCs to restore the natural healing processes. […] REACT is a cell-based advanced therapy composed of selected renal cells (SRC), which are naturally involved in the process of kidney repair and regeneration. […] This therapy administers a persons own cells that have been selected, multiplied and formulated for delivery outside the body, explained Surampudi. The technology has the potential to restore kidney function by using a patients own SRCs to restore the natural healing processes. […] Approximately 685 adults 30 to 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with CKD and type 2 diabetes without requiring kidney dialysis will participate in the worldwide study. […] Participants will receive their first injection 12 weeks after their biopsy and then be monitored by researchers during five follow-up visits over a three-month period. […] In total, participants will be monitored by researchers over a five-year period with follow-up visits every three months after the initial monitoring timeframe.

• #97 New treatment options for chronic kidney disease

  https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/110123/new-treatment-options-for-chronic-kidney-disease/

  Fresh insights from University of Edinburgh into a protein that causes damage in kidneys and hearts could open up new treatment options for chronic kidney disease. […] Experts say further studies are needed to explore IHH as a potential target for therapies to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) a condition that affects 10 percent of the worlds population. […] The findings offer hope that blocking the TNF/IHH signalling pathway could improve both kidney and heart fibrosis problems the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. […] Dr David Ferenbach, MRC Senior Clinical Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and the senior author of this study, concluded: There is a major unmet need for better treatments to halt the progressive kidney scarring and cardiovascular problems which affect so many patients with CKD. Im excited at the potential of this work, and the new insights to be gained into the role of IHH as a major driver of multi-organ fibrosis, which we hope can be a first step on the road towards better treatments for patients.

• #98 Treatment of chronic kidney disease in older populations | Nature Reviews Nephrology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00854-w

  Nutritional and exercise therapies are essential non-pharmacological treatments for older patients with CKD; these therapies not only enhance the effects of pharmacotherapies but may also help to maintain cognitive function and quality of life. […] Choice of kidney replacement therapy for patients with kidney failure should not solely depend on age or cognitive function; alongside dialysis and transplantation, conservative treatment options, including conservative kidney management, should be considered through patient-centred decision making. […] Digital technologies using wearable devices and virtual reality systems are expected to facilitate the treatment of CKD in older populations.

• #99 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis & Treatments NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/nephrology/services/chronic-kidney-disease/treatments

  Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease can slow the rate of kidney function loss, reduce complications, and postpone or eliminate your need for dialysis or transplantation. […] If you receive a chronic kidney disease diagnosis, our nephrologists will create a treatment plan that fits your individual needs and lifestyle. […] With chronic kidney disease treatment, our goal is always to preserve your health, and save you from potentially serious complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease, nerve damage, anemia, and broken bones. With early-stage chronic kidney disease, the purpose of care is to prevent or slow the disease. With later-stage chronic kidney disease, we help you by treating and relieving your symptoms. […] Our multidisciplinary approach brings together a team of chronic kidney disease specialists, including highly ranked general nephrologists and specialists in various aspects of kidney disease, nurse practitioners, social workers, and registered dietitians. We collaborate to create a treatment plan designed for you. One of the hallmarks of our program is continuity of care. This means that you will see the same doctors throughout your kidney treatment at Mount Sinai.

• #100 Chronic Kidney Disease | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/kidney/chronic-kidney-disease

  At the University of Michigan, the General Nephrology Clinic is the gateway to initial evaluation and treatment for most patients with kidney disease. […] Patients whose kidney function is declining or is already seriously reduced may be referred to Michigan Medicines specialized, Multidisciplinary Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic, where two primary objectives are pursued: […] Delaying chronic kidney disease progression: To the greatest extent possible, the team focuses on helping patients delay further progression of their disease, postponing the need for dialysis or kidney transplant as long as possible. […] Preparing for the next chapter in kidney disease treatment: For patients approaching kidney failure (called end-stage renal disease or ESRD), the focus is on fully preparing them for the next chapter in their treatment, whether it be dialysis, kidney transplant, or for patients who elect not to pursue those options, conservative therapy and palliative care.

• #101 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/

  Slowing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors contributing to the progression of CKD, including hypertension, proteinuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperlipidemia, should be addressed. Hypertension should be managed according to established blood pressure goals, while proteinuria should be reduced to less than 1 g/d if possible. […] Preparation and Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy: Once stage 4 CKD progression is noted, patients should be presented with various options for renal replacement therapy, as mentioned below. […] Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment option for ESRD due to its survival benefit compared to long-term dialysis therapy. Patients with CKD are typically eligible for renal transplant evaluation when the eGFR falls below 20 mL/min/1.73 m. […] When to Refer to a Nephrologist: Patients should be referred to a nephrologist at any stage of CKD or for urinary abnormalities, especially when the eGFR falls below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. An early referral ensures optimal management.

• #102 Managing Chronic Kidney Disease – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing

  If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), you can take steps to protect your kidneys from more damage. […] The most important step you can take to treat kidney disease is to control your blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage your kidneys. You can protect your kidneys by keeping your blood pressure at or less than the goal set by your health care provider. For most people, the blood pressure goal is less than 140/90 mm Hg. […] Many people with CKD take medicines prescribed to lower blood pressure, control blood glucose, and lower cholesterol. […] Two types of blood pressure medicines, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, may slow kidney disease and delay kidney failure, even in people who don’t have high blood pressure. […] A dietitian who knows about kidney disease can work with you to create a meal plan that includes foods that are healthy for you and that you enjoy eating.

• #103 Renal | AstraZeneca

  https://www.astrazeneca.com/our-therapy-areas/cardiovascular-renal-and-metabolism/renal.html

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an umbrella term for many renal diseases encompassing various primary disorders and stages of progression. CKD is one of the biggest health challenges we face, affecting one in 10 people worldwide. People living with CKD progressively lose kidney function, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. […] Today it is possible to slow down CKD progression and delay the need for dialysis. Ultimately, our goal is to stop the progression to kidney failure. […] Reninangiotensinaldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy is a guideline-recommended treatment for chronic kidney disease and heart failure. But this treatment comes with a risk, as one in three patients on RAASi therapy may develop hyperkalaemia. […] There is a need for comprehensive approaches that address both CKD and hypertension, including lifestyle modifications, optimised medication regimens, and integrated care models involving collaboration between nephrologists, cardiologists, and other specialists, as well as primary care providers. […] We aspire to a future where early diagnosis and treatment empower the nearly 850 million people worldwide affected by CKD to live better, healthier lives.

• #104 Renal | AstraZeneca

  https://www.astrazeneca.com/our-therapy-areas/cardiovascular-renal-and-metabolism/renal.html

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an umbrella term for many renal diseases encompassing various primary disorders and stages of progression. CKD is one of the biggest health challenges we face, affecting one in 10 people worldwide. People living with CKD progressively lose kidney function, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. […] Today it is possible to slow down CKD progression and delay the need for dialysis. Ultimately, our goal is to stop the progression to kidney failure. […] Reninangiotensinaldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy is a guideline-recommended treatment for chronic kidney disease and heart failure. But this treatment comes with a risk, as one in three patients on RAASi therapy may develop hyperkalaemia. […] There is a need for comprehensive approaches that address both CKD and hypertension, including lifestyle modifications, optimised medication regimens, and integrated care models involving collaboration between nephrologists, cardiologists, and other specialists, as well as primary care providers. […] We aspire to a future where early diagnosis and treatment empower the nearly 850 million people worldwide affected by CKD to live better, healthier lives.

• #105 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis & Treatments NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/nephrology/services/chronic-kidney-disease/treatments

  Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease can slow the rate of kidney function loss, reduce complications, and postpone or eliminate your need for dialysis or transplantation. […] If you receive a chronic kidney disease diagnosis, our nephrologists will create a treatment plan that fits your individual needs and lifestyle. […] With chronic kidney disease treatment, our goal is always to preserve your health, and save you from potentially serious complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease, nerve damage, anemia, and broken bones. With early-stage chronic kidney disease, the purpose of care is to prevent or slow the disease. With later-stage chronic kidney disease, we help you by treating and relieving your symptoms. […] Our multidisciplinary approach brings together a team of chronic kidney disease specialists, including highly ranked general nephrologists and specialists in various aspects of kidney disease, nurse practitioners, social workers, and registered dietitians. We collaborate to create a treatment plan designed for you. One of the hallmarks of our program is continuity of care. This means that you will see the same doctors throughout your kidney treatment at Mount Sinai.

• #106 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis & Treatments NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/nephrology/services/chronic-kidney-disease/treatments

  If your chronic kidney disease requires dialysis, we offer safe, comfortable, and complete dialysis services, including home dialysis options. […] Mount Sinai is one of New York City’s leading transplantation centers, and if together we determine that a kidney transplant is the best option for you, we work in close collaboration with the transplant team at the Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute.

• #107 Chronic kidney disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527

  A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. Transplanted kidneys can come from deceased or living donors. […] For some who choose not to have dialysis or a kidney transplant, a third option is to treat your kidney failure with conservative measures. Conservative measures likely will include symptom management, advance care planning and care to keep you comfortable (palliative care). […] As part of your treatment for chronic kidney disease, your doctor might recommend a special diet to help support your kidneys and limit the work they must do. […] Your doctor might recommend regular follow-up testing to see whether your kidney disease remains stable or progresses.

• #108

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should. […] There’s no cure for CKD, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on how severe your condition is. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you remain as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions; this may be necessary in advanced CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced CKD. […] You’ll also be advised to have regular check-ups to monitor your condition.

• #109 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information

  While there’s no cure for chronic kidney disease, there are lifestyle changes and treatments you can take to slow its progression. […] Treatment can slow the progression of the disease. […] The goals of these treatments are to ease symptoms, help keep the disease from getting worse, and lessen complications. In some cases, your treatment may help restore some of your kidney function. But there is no cure for chronic kidney disease. […] If you have chronic kidney disease, you and your doctor will manage it together. The goal is to slow it down so that your kidneys can still do their job. […] You’ll take medicines and may need to change your diet. If you have diabetes, it needs to be managed. If your kidneys don’t work anymore, you might need dialysis (in which a machine filters your blood) and you could talk with your doctor about whether a kidney transplant would help.

• #110

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should. […] There’s no cure for CKD, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on how severe your condition is. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you remain as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions; this may be necessary in advanced CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced CKD. […] You’ll also be advised to have regular check-ups to monitor your condition.

• #111 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens over time. […] Theres no cure for CKD, but you can take steps to preserve function for as long as possible. Late-stage kidney disease requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. […] Treatments like dialysis and transplantation are options for kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease). […] If you have reduced kidney function: […] Manage your blood glucose (sugar) if you have diabetes. […] Follow a kidney-friendly diet. Dietary changes may include limiting protein, eating foods that reduce blood cholesterol levels and limiting sodium (salt) and potassium intake. […] Depending on the cause of your kidney disease, you may be prescribed one or more medications. […] Because theres no cure for CKD, if youre in end-stage kidney disease, you and your healthcare team must consider additional options.

• #112

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/treatment/

  There’s no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but treatment can help relieve the symptoms and stop it getting worse. […] Your treatment will depend on the stage of your CKD. […] The main treatments are: lifestyle changes to help you stay as healthy as possible, medicine to control associated problems, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney’s functions, which may be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD, kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced (stage 5) CKD. […] There’s no medicine specifically for CKD, but medicine can help control many of the problems that cause the condition and the complications that can happen as a result of it. […] You may need to take medicine to treat or prevent the different problems caused by CKD.

• #113 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/chronic-kidney-disease-treatment

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 1 in 7 American adults (37 million people) has chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. […] Without treatment, CKD can cause serious health problems including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). But if treated early, some patients may be able to reverse or delay the progression of their condition. […] If you have CKD, you may be eligible for therapies that could reverse or delay the worsening of your condition. This means that you could live longer and with fewer health complications. Without treatment, CKD can advance to complete kidney failure or ESRD. […] There are several treatment options, depending on the underlying cause of your condition and the stage of your CKD. Some causes are treatable and some are not. Treatment options for CKD may include:

• #114 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis & Treatments NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/nephrology/services/chronic-kidney-disease/treatments

  Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease can slow the rate of kidney function loss, reduce complications, and postpone or eliminate your need for dialysis or transplantation. […] If you receive a chronic kidney disease diagnosis, our nephrologists will create a treatment plan that fits your individual needs and lifestyle. […] With chronic kidney disease treatment, our goal is always to preserve your health, and save you from potentially serious complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease, nerve damage, anemia, and broken bones. With early-stage chronic kidney disease, the purpose of care is to prevent or slow the disease. With later-stage chronic kidney disease, we help you by treating and relieving your symptoms. […] Our multidisciplinary approach brings together a team of chronic kidney disease specialists, including highly ranked general nephrologists and specialists in various aspects of kidney disease, nurse practitioners, social workers, and registered dietitians. We collaborate to create a treatment plan designed for you. One of the hallmarks of our program is continuity of care. This means that you will see the same doctors throughout your kidney treatment at Mount Sinai.

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