Przewlekła choroba nerek – Etiologia i przyczyny

Przewlekła choroba nerek
Etiologia i przyczyny

Przewlekła choroba nerek (PChN) to postępujące uszkodzenie nerek utrzymujące się co najmniej 3 miesiące, prowadzące do stopniowej utraty funkcji filtracyjnej. Najczęstszymi przyczynami PChN są cukrzyca (30-50% przypadków) oraz nadciśnienie tętnicze (27% przypadków), które razem odpowiadają za około dwie trzecie wszystkich przypadków. W populacji osób z PChN, 35,6% ma cukrzycę, a 75,3% nadciśnienie tętnicze. Inne istotne etiologie to kłębuszkowe zapalenie nerek (8,2%), przewlekłe cewkowo-śródmiąższowe zapalenie nerek (3,6%) oraz dziedziczne choroby nerek, takie jak wielotorbielowate zapalenie nerek (3,1%). Patofizjologia PChN obejmuje utratę nefronów, włóknienie śródmiąższowe i zmniejszenie filtracji kłębuszkowej, niezależnie od pierwotnej przyczyny. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują wiek >60 lat, pochodzenie etniczne (np. afroamerykańskie, latynoskie), historię rodzinną, otyłość, palenie tytoniu, a także długotrwałe stosowanie leków nefrotoksycznych, takich jak NLPZ czy niektóre antybiotyki.

Etiologia przewlekłej choroby nerek

Przewlekła choroba nerek (PChN) charakteryzuje się postępującym uszkodzeniem i utratą funkcji nerek, które pogarsza się przez kilka miesięcy lub lat. Charakteryzuje się nieprawidłową strukturą lub funkcją nerek utrzymującą się przez co najmniej 3 miesiące, co prowadzi do stopniowej utraty funkcji filtracyjnej i zdolności do usuwania produktów przemiany materii z krwi¹². Szacuje się, że PChN dotyka około jedną na siedem osób dorosłych, a świadomość choroby na poziomie populacyjnym jest niska – około 90% osób z PChN nie wie o swojej chorobie³⁴.

Przyczyny PChN są różnorodne i często złożone. Dla wielu pacjentów nie jest to pojedynczy czynnik, ale wynik kombinacji różnych czynników fizycznych, środowiskowych i społecznych⁵. Choć etiologia PChN może się różnić w zależności od regionu świata, najczęstsze przyczyny prowadzące do przewlekłej choroby nerek i ostatecznie do schyłkowej niewydolności nerek (ESRD) są dość podobne⁶.

Główne przyczyny przewlekłej choroby nerek

Najczęstszymi przyczynami PChN są cukrzyca i nadciśnienie tętnicze, które razem odpowiadają za około dwie trzecie wszystkich przypadków⁷⁸:

Cukrzyca

Cukrzyca jest najczęstszą przyczyną PChN na świecie, odpowiadającą za około 30-50% przypadków⁹¹⁰. Zarówno cukrzyca typu 1, jak i typu 2 mogą prowadzić do uszkodzenia nerek. U pacjentów z cukrzycą podwyższony poziom glukozy we krwi może z czasem uszkodzić drobne naczynia krwionośne w nerkach, co prowadzi do stanu znanego jako nefropatia cukrzycowa¹¹¹². Szacuje się, że około 30% pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1 i od 10% do 40% pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 ostatecznie rozwinie niewydolność nerek¹³. Dane wskazują, że około 35,6% osób z PChN ma cukrzycę¹⁴.

Nadciśnienie tętnicze

Nadciśnienie tętnicze jest drugą najczęstszą przyczyną PChN, odpowiadającą za około 27% przypadków¹⁵¹⁶. Przewlekłe wysokie ciśnienie krwi może uszkodzić naczynia krwionośne i inne części systemu filtracyjnego w nerkach¹⁷. Nadciśnienie powoduje obciążenie drobnych naczyń krwionośnych w nerkach, co z czasem prowadzi do zaburzenia ich prawidłowego funkcjonowania¹⁸. Około 75,3% osób z PChN ma nadciśnienie tętnicze¹⁹. Warto zauważyć, że nadciśnienie może być zarówno przyczyną, jak i skutkiem PChN, tworząc niebezpieczny cykl²⁰.

Choroby kłębuszków nerkowych

Kłębuszkowe zapalenie nerek (glomerulonephritis) to trzecia najczęstsza przyczyna PChN, odpowiadająca za około 8,2% przypadków²¹²². Jest to grupa chorób, które powodują zapalenie i uszkodzenie drobnych filtrów w nerkach nazywanych kłębuszkami²³. Glomerulonephritis może występować jako schorzenie pierwotne lub wtórne do innych chorób²⁴.

Pierwotne choroby kłębuszków nerkowych obejmują²⁵:

Nefropatię błoniastą (membranous nephropathy)²⁶
Zespół Alporta²⁷
Nefropatię IgA (choroba Bergera)²⁸
Ogniskowe segmentalne stwardnienie kłębuszków nerkowych (FSGS)²⁹
Nefropatię zmian minimalnych³⁰
Błoniasto-rozplemowe kłębuszkowe zapalenie nerek³¹
Choroby związane z układem dopełniacza³²
Szybko postępujące (półksiężycowe) kłębuszkowe zapalenie nerek³³

Wtórne przyczyny chorób kłębuszków nerkowych mogą obejmować³⁴:

Choroby autoimmunologiczne (toczeń rumieniowaty układowy, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, mieszana choroba tkanki łącznej)³⁵
Zakażenia (zapalenie wsierdzia, wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B i C, zakażenie HIV, kiła, zakażenia pasożytnicze)³⁶³⁷
Zapalenia naczyń (ziarniniakowatość z zapaleniem naczyń, dawniej znana jako ziarniniakowatość Wegenera)³⁸
Krioglobulinemia mieszana³⁹
Nowotwory⁴⁰
Amyloidoza⁴¹
Choroba łańcuchów lekkich⁴²

Choroby dziedziczne i wrodzone

Wielotorbielowate zapalenie nerek (ADPKD) to najczęstsza dziedziczna choroba nerek, odpowiadająca za około 3,1% przypadków PChN⁴³⁴⁴. Jest to genetyczne zaburzenie, w którym w nerkach rozwijają się torbiele wypełnione płynem, które z czasem powiększają się i uszkadzają tkankę nerkową⁴⁵⁴⁶.

Inne wrodzone i dziedziczne przyczyny PChN obejmują⁴⁷:

Uropatię zaporową⁴⁸
Hipoplastyczne lub dysplastyczne nerki⁴⁹
Nefropatię refluksową⁵⁰
Wady wrodzone układu moczowego (CAKUT) – najczęstsza przyczyna PChN u dzieci⁵¹
Zespół uromodulinowy (uromodulin-associated kidney disease)⁵²

Choroby cewkowo-śródmiąższowe

Przewlekłe cewkowo-śródmiąższowe zapalenie nerek odpowiada za około 3,6% przypadków PChN⁵³. Uszkodzenie cewkowo-śródmiąższowe wpływa na zdolność nerek do reabsorpcji i wydzielania ważnych składników, co może prowadzić do zwiększonego wydalania rozcieńczonego moczu⁵⁴.

Przyczyny chorób cewkowo-śródmiąższowych obejmują⁵⁵:

Leki (np. sulfonamidy, allopurynol)⁵⁶
Zakażenia (wirusowe, bakteryjne, pasożytnicze)⁵⁷
Zespół Sjögrena⁵⁸
Zespół cewkowo-śródmiąższowego zapalenia nerek i zapalenia błony naczyniowej oka (TINU)⁵⁹
Przewlekła hipokaliemia⁶⁰
Przewlekła hiperkalcemia⁶¹
Sarkoidoza⁶²
Nefropatia szpiczakowa⁶³
Metale ciężkie⁶⁴
Popromienne zapalenie nerek⁶⁵

Choroby naczyniowe nerek

Choroby naczyniowe mogące prowadzić do PChN obejmują⁶⁶:

Zwężenie tętnicy nerkowej⁶⁷
Zapalenia naczyń związane z przeciwciałami ANCA⁶⁸
Zapalenia naczyń niezwiązane z przeciwciałami ANCA⁶⁹
Zatorowość cholesterolowa⁷⁰
Nefroscleroza nadciśnieniowa⁷¹
Zakrzepica żyły nerkowej⁷²
Niedokrwienne uszkodzenie nerek⁷³

Obstrukcja układu moczowego

Obstrukcja dróg moczowych może prowadzić do PChN i może być spowodowana⁷⁴:

Łagodnym rozrostem prostaty⁷⁵
Kamicą moczową⁷⁶
Zwężeniem cewki moczowej⁷⁷
Guzami⁷⁸
Neurogennym pęcherzem moczowym⁷⁹
Wadami wrodzonymi nerek lub pęcherza⁸⁰
Włóknieniem zaotrzewnowym⁸¹

Choroby autoimmunologiczne

Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (SLE) to przewlekła choroba zapalna/autoimmunologiczna, która może uszkodzić skórę, stawy, nerki i układ nerwowy⁸². Nefropatia toczniowa występuje, gdy układ odpornościowy atakuje nerki, co może prowadzić do PChN i nawet do schyłkowej niewydolności nerek⁸³.

Inne choroby autoimmunologiczne mogące prowadzić do PChN to⁸⁴:

Reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów⁸⁵
Mieszana choroba tkanki łącznej⁸⁶
Twardzina⁸⁷
Zespół Goodpasture’a⁸⁸

Wpływ leków i substancji toksycznych

Długotrwałe stosowanie niektórych leków lub narażenie na substancje toksyczne może prowadzić do uszkodzenia nerek⁸⁹. Do takich substancji należą:

Niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ) jak ibuprofen i naproksen⁹⁰⁹¹
Lit⁹²
Niektóre antybiotyki⁹³
Leki nefrotoksyczne (np. niektóre środki przeciwnowotworowe)⁹⁴
Metale ciężkie (ołów, rtęć, arsen)⁹⁵⁹⁶
Narkotyki dożylne⁹⁷

Inne przyczyny przewlekłej choroby nerek

Inne przyczyny PChN mogą obejmować⁹⁸⁹⁹:

Zespół hemolityczno-mocznicowy i zakrzepowa plamica małopłytkowa¹⁰⁰
Zespół wątrobowo-nerkowy i zespół sercowo-nerkowy¹⁰¹
Nawracające zakażenia nerek (odmiedniczkowe zapalenie nerek)¹⁰²
Kamica nerkowa¹⁰³
Zespół metaboliczny¹⁰⁴
Niedokrwistość sierpowatokrwinkowa¹⁰⁵¹⁰⁶
Otyłość¹⁰⁷
Nieodwracalne ostre uszkodzenie nerek¹⁰⁸¹⁰⁹
Choroby nowotworowe nerek¹¹⁰
Refluks pęcherzowo-moczowodowy¹¹¹

Przewlekła choroba nerek o nieznanej etiologii

W niektórych przypadkach przyczyna PChN pozostaje nieznana – jest to tzw. przewlekła choroba nerek o nieznanej etiologii (CKDu)¹¹². Istnieje coraz większe rozpoznanie stosunkowo wysokiego występowania CKDu wśród pracowników rolnych z Ameryki Środkowej i części Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, znane jako nefropatia mezoamerykańska lub przewlekłe śródmiąższowe zapalenie nerek w społecznościach rolniczych¹¹³¹¹⁴.

Główne podejrzewane czynniki przyczynowe CKDu to¹¹⁵:

Stres cieplny i odwodnienie¹¹⁶
Ekspozycja na środki agrochemiczne¹¹⁷
Metale ciężkie i używanie twardej wody¹¹⁸¹¹⁹
Infekcje¹²⁰
Mykotoksyny¹²¹
Czynniki genetyczne¹²²

Czynniki ryzyka rozwoju przewlekłej choroby nerek

Istnieje wiele czynników, które zwiększają ryzyko rozwoju PChN lub przyspieszają jej postęp¹²³¹²⁴:

Czynniki demograficzne

Wiek – osoby powyżej 60 roku życia są bardziej narażone na rozwój PChN¹²⁵¹²⁶
Rasa i pochodzenie etniczne – osoby pochodzenia afroamerykańskiego, latynoskiego, azjatyckiego, pacyficznego i rdzenni Amerykanie mają zwiększone ryzyko PChN¹²⁷¹²⁸
Płeć – w zależności od regionu i podłoża choroby, płeć może wpływać na ryzyko rozwoju PChN¹²⁹

Uwarunkowania genetyczne i rodzinne

Historia rodzinna – PChN może występować rodzinnie, a ryzyko jest zwiększone u osób z rodzinną historią niewydolności nerek¹³⁰¹³¹
Genetyczne predyspozycje – niektóre warianty genów mogą zwiększać podatność na rozwój PChN, na przykład gen APOL1 związany z ryzykiem niewydolności nerek u osób pochodzenia afrykańskiego¹³²

Choroby współistniejące

Cukrzyca – główny czynnik ryzyka PChN¹³³
Nadciśnienie tętnicze – drugi główny czynnik ryzyka¹³⁴
Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe – osoby z niewydolnością serca mają wyższe ryzyko PChN z powodu zmniejszonego przepływu krwi do nerek¹³⁵
Otyłość – zwiększa ryzyko nadciśnienia i cukrzycy, które są głównymi przyczynami PChN¹³⁶
Podwyższony poziom cholesterolu – może powodować gromadzenie się złogów tłuszczowych w naczyniach krwionośnych, co utrudnia prawidłowe funkcjonowanie nerek¹³⁷

Czynniki środowiskowe i behawioralne

Palenie tytoniu – zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju i progresji PChN¹³⁸
Długotrwałe stosowanie niektórych leków – szczególnie NLPZ i niektórych antybiotyków¹³⁹
Narażenie na toksyny środowiskowe – metale ciężkie, zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe¹⁴⁰
Dieta bogata w sól – może przyczyniać się do rozwoju nadciśnienia¹⁴¹
Brak aktywności fizycznej – może prowadzić do otyłości i innych czynników ryzyka¹⁴²

Mechanizmy patofizjologiczne przewlekłej choroby nerek

Patofizjologia PChN zależy od choroby podstawowej, ale każda z nich ostatecznie prowadzi do postępującej utraty nefronów, uszkodzenia strukturalnego i upośledzenia funkcji nerek¹⁴³. Przewlekła choroba nerek może wynikać z chorób występujących w każdej z trzech kategorii¹⁴⁴:

Przednerkowe przyczyny PChN

Przewlekła choroba przednerkowa występuje u pacjentów z przewlekłą niewydolnością serca lub marskością wątroby, gdzie trwale zmniejszona perfuzja nerek zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia uszkodzenia nerek, takiego jak ostra martwica cewek nerkowych¹⁴⁵.

Wewnątrznerkowe przyczyny PChN

Najczęstszą przewlekłą chorobą naczyniową nerek jest nefroscleroza, która powoduje postępujące uszkodzenie naczyń krwionośnych, kłębuszków i śródmiąższu cewkowo-kłębuszkowego¹⁴⁶. Inne wewnątrznerkowe przyczyny obejmują choroby kłębuszków nerkowych, choroby cewkowo-śródmiąższowe oraz choroby naczyniowe nerek¹⁴⁷.

Zanerkowe przyczyny PChN

Przewlekła niedrożność może wynikać z chorób prostaty, kamicy nerkowej lub guza jamy brzusznej/miednicy wywierającego efekt masy na moczowód(y)¹⁴⁸. Długotrwała obstrukcja dróg moczowych może prowadzić do nieodwracalnego uszkodzenia nerek i rozwoju PChN¹⁴⁹.

Bez względu na przyczynę początkową, PChN często prowadzi do wspólnej ścieżki progresji, charakteryzującej się postępującą utratą nefronów, włóknieniem śródmiąższowym i ostatecznie zmniejszeniem filtracji kłębuszkowej¹⁵⁰.

Wnioski

Przewlekła choroba nerek ma złożoną etiologię, z cukrzycą i nadciśnieniem tętniczym jako najczęstszymi przyczynami, odpowiadającymi za około dwie trzecie wszystkich przypadków. Inne przyczyny obejmują choroby kłębuszków nerkowych, choroby dziedziczne, choroby cewkowo-śródmiąższowe, choroby autoimmunologiczne, obstrukcje dróg moczowych oraz narażenie na leki nefrotoksyczne i substancje toksyczne¹⁵¹¹⁵².

Kluczowe znaczenie dla zapobiegania i leczenia PChN ma wczesne wykrywanie czynników ryzyka i chorób podstawowych. Zrozumienie przyczyny PChN jest istotnym krokiem w zarządzaniu zdrowiem pacjenta, ponieważ może pomóc w opracowaniu planu leczenia mającego na celu ochronę funkcji nerek i zapobieganie progresji choroby¹⁵³¹⁵⁴.

Warto również zauważyć rosnące znaczenie społecznych determinantów zdrowia i czynników środowiskowych w epidemiologii PChN, szczególnie w kontekście nefropatii o nieznanej etiologii w niektórych regionach świata¹⁵⁵. Obciążenie PChN jest najwyższe wśród historycznie defaworyzowanych populacji, które często mają ograniczony dostęp do optymalnego leczenia chorób nerek, co znacznie przyczynia się do obecnych społeczno-ekonomicznych dysproporcji w wynikach zdrowotnych¹⁵⁶.

Profilaktyka PChN powinna koncentrować się na kontroli głównych czynników ryzyka, takich jak cukrzyca i nadciśnienie tętnicze, oraz na promowaniu zdrowego stylu życia, w tym utrzymywania prawidłowej masy ciała, regularnej aktywności fizycznej, unikania palenia tytoniu i ograniczania spożycia alkoholu¹⁵⁷¹⁵⁸.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Chronic kidney disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521
Chronic kidney disease is a disease characterized by progressive damage and loss of function in the kidneys. It’s estimated that chronic kidney disease affects about one in seven American adults. […] There are quite a few things that can cause or put you at higher risk for chronic kidney disease. Some of them are not things that can be avoided. Your risk is simply higher if you have a family history of certain genetic conditions like polycystic kidney disease or some autoimmune diseases like lupus or IgA nephropathy. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. But also heart disease and obesity can contribute to the damage that causes kidneys to fail. […] Chronic kidney disease occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years.
#2 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#3 Chronic kidney disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521
Chronic kidney disease is a disease characterized by progressive damage and loss of function in the kidneys. It’s estimated that chronic kidney disease affects about one in seven American adults. […] There are quite a few things that can cause or put you at higher risk for chronic kidney disease. Some of them are not things that can be avoided. Your risk is simply higher if you have a family history of certain genetic conditions like polycystic kidney disease or some autoimmune diseases like lupus or IgA nephropathy. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. But also heart disease and obesity can contribute to the damage that causes kidneys to fail. […] Chronic kidney disease occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years.
#4 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), causes more deaths each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer. It is the under-recognized public health crisis. […] About 35.5 million U.S. adults are estimated to have kidney disease that’s more than 1 in 7 (14%). […] About 9 in 10 adults with kidney disease (90%) do not know they have it. […] People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice symptoms until the disease is advanced. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Diabetes and hypertension cause or contribute to 2 of 3 new cases of kidney failure. […] The main cause of kidney disease is diabetes, followed by high blood pressure. […] 35.6% of people with CKD had diabetes. (2017-March 2020) […] 75.3% of people with CKD had hypertension. (2017-March 2020) […] These two conditions account for about 75% of new (incident) CKD cases.
#5 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is when the kidneys have become damaged over time (for at least 3 months) and have a hard time doing all their important jobs. CKD also increases the risk of other health problems like heart disease and stroke. […] For many people, CKD is not caused by just one reason. Instead, it is a result of many physical, environmental, and social factors. […] CKD can also be caused by many other conditions or circumstances. Some examples include: glomerular diseases: glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and HIV nephropathy; inherited conditions: polycystic kidney disease; autoimmune conditions: lupus (lupus nephritis); severe infections: sepsis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); other causes: kidney cancer, kidney stones, frequent untreated and/or long-lasting urinary tract infections (UTIs), hydronephrosis, and kidney and urinary tract abnormalities before birth.
#6 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#7 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#8 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), causes more deaths each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer. It is the under-recognized public health crisis. […] About 35.5 million U.S. adults are estimated to have kidney disease that’s more than 1 in 7 (14%). […] About 9 in 10 adults with kidney disease (90%) do not know they have it. […] People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice symptoms until the disease is advanced. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Diabetes and hypertension cause or contribute to 2 of 3 new cases of kidney failure. […] The main cause of kidney disease is diabetes, followed by high blood pressure. […] 35.6% of people with CKD had diabetes. (2017-March 2020) […] 75.3% of people with CKD had hypertension. (2017-March 2020) […] These two conditions account for about 75% of new (incident) CKD cases.
#9 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#10 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/kidney-disease/ckd/causes
Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 3 adults with diabetes may have chronic kidney disease.* […] High blood pressure (hypertension) is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure may have chronic kidney disease*. […] The third leading cause of kidney failure, glomerular disease, is responsible for about 7% of instances of CKD. […] Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is passed down through families, and causes about 1.6% of instances of CKD.
#11 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#12 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More
https://www.health.com/condition/kidney-disease/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease
Chronic kidney disease, when the kidneys become damaged over time, can be caused by a genetic mutation, another disease, or repeated kidney infections. […] Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of CKD worldwide. Diabetes causes blood sugar levels to be high. This can injure the small blood vessels in your body, including those in your kidneys. As a result, your kidneys can’t filter your blood properly. About 30% of people with type 1 diabetes and up to 40% of those with type 2 diabetes will ultimately experience kidney failure. […] Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that damage the blood-filtering nephrons in your kidneys. As a result, they can’t filter your blood properly. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by certain illnesses, like lupus; or infection, such as strep throat. […] Other factors that can cause CKD include age, family history of CKD or kidney failure, and smoking or tobacco use.
#13 Chronic Kidney Disease: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies to Increase Quality of Life | IntechOpen
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1175051
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a variety of pathophysiologic conditions linked to poor kidney function and persistent reduction in glomerular filtration rate. […] There are numerous etiologies for the occurrence of CKD. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, and the following are the most common primary diseases that cause CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). […] Diabetes mellitus type 2: The kidneys filtering units are filled with tiny blood vessels. High blood sugar levels can cause these vessels to narrow and clog over time. […] Diabetes mellitus type 1: About 30% of Type 1 (juvenile-onset) diabetes patients and 10 to 40% of Type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes patients will eventually develop kidney failure. […] Hypertension: High blood pressure can constrict and narrow blood vessels, causing them to become damaged and weak throughout the body, including the kidneys.
#14 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), causes more deaths each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer. It is the under-recognized public health crisis. […] About 35.5 million U.S. adults are estimated to have kidney disease that’s more than 1 in 7 (14%). […] About 9 in 10 adults with kidney disease (90%) do not know they have it. […] People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice symptoms until the disease is advanced. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Diabetes and hypertension cause or contribute to 2 of 3 new cases of kidney failure. […] The main cause of kidney disease is diabetes, followed by high blood pressure. […] 35.6% of people with CKD had diabetes. (2017-March 2020) […] 75.3% of people with CKD had hypertension. (2017-March 2020) […] These two conditions account for about 75% of new (incident) CKD cases.
#15 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#16 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/kidney-disease/ckd/causes
Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 3 adults with diabetes may have chronic kidney disease.* […] High blood pressure (hypertension) is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure may have chronic kidney disease*. […] The third leading cause of kidney failure, glomerular disease, is responsible for about 7% of instances of CKD. […] Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is passed down through families, and causes about 1.6% of instances of CKD.
#17 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#18
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/
Chronic kidney disease is usually caused by other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. Often it’s the result of a combination of different problems. […] CKD can be caused by: high blood pressure over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly […] diabetes too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys […] high cholesterol this can cause a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels supplying your kidneys, which can make it harder for them to work properly […] kidney infections […] glomerulonephritis kidney inflammation […] autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease an inherited condition where growths called cysts develop in the kidneys […] blockages in the flow of urine for example, from kidney stones that keep coming back, or an enlarged prostate […] long-term, regular use of certain medicines such as lithium and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
#19 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), causes more deaths each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer. It is the under-recognized public health crisis. […] About 35.5 million U.S. adults are estimated to have kidney disease that’s more than 1 in 7 (14%). […] About 9 in 10 adults with kidney disease (90%) do not know they have it. […] People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice symptoms until the disease is advanced. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Diabetes and hypertension cause or contribute to 2 of 3 new cases of kidney failure. […] The main cause of kidney disease is diabetes, followed by high blood pressure. […] 35.6% of people with CKD had diabetes. (2017-March 2020) […] 75.3% of people with CKD had hypertension. (2017-March 2020) […] These two conditions account for about 75% of new (incident) CKD cases.
#20 5 Common Causes of Kidney Disease – Clinical Pharmacology of Miami
https://cpmiclinical.com/5-common-causes-of-kidney-disease/
Your kidneys are responsible for cleaning your blood, helping control blood pressure, making red blood cells, and more. When your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluids can build up in your body. Various health conditions can affect the functions of the kidneys and may eventually lead to them failing if left untreated. Here are 5 common causes of kidney disease. […] In the U.S., diabetic kidney disease is the number one cause of kidney failure. Chronically high levels of glucose in the blood can damage the filters and blood vessels in the kidneys. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, and they may not work as well to remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. The excess fluid in the blood vessels may raise blood pressure even more, creating a dangerous cycle. High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the U.S.
#21 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#22 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/kidney-disease/ckd/causes
Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 3 adults with diabetes may have chronic kidney disease.* […] High blood pressure (hypertension) is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure may have chronic kidney disease*. […] The third leading cause of kidney failure, glomerular disease, is responsible for about 7% of instances of CKD. […] Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is passed down through families, and causes about 1.6% of instances of CKD.
#23 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More
https://www.health.com/condition/kidney-disease/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease
Chronic kidney disease, when the kidneys become damaged over time, can be caused by a genetic mutation, another disease, or repeated kidney infections. […] Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of CKD worldwide. Diabetes causes blood sugar levels to be high. This can injure the small blood vessels in your body, including those in your kidneys. As a result, your kidneys can’t filter your blood properly. About 30% of people with type 1 diabetes and up to 40% of those with type 2 diabetes will ultimately experience kidney failure. […] Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that damage the blood-filtering nephrons in your kidneys. As a result, they can’t filter your blood properly. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by certain illnesses, like lupus; or infection, such as strep throat. […] Other factors that can cause CKD include age, family history of CKD or kidney failure, and smoking or tobacco use.
#24 Chronic Kidney Disease: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies to Increase Quality of Life | IntechOpen
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1175051
Primary glomerulonephritis: Chronic inflammation of glomerulus causes long-term kidney damage and decline in function. […] Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN): GFR is reduced in acute TIN due to interstitial edema, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and poor tubular function. […] Hereditary or Cystic Disease: Cystic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a group of conditions that result in the formation of cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in or around the kidneys. […] Plasma Cell Dyscariasis or Neoplasm: Renal disease in myeloma is typically characterized by renal insufficiency and proteinuria. […] Sickle Cell Nephropathy: Sickle cell disease causes damage to multiple structures within the kidney. […] Chronic anemias hemodynamic changes, renal hypoxia caused by recurrent vaso-occlusion, and hemolysis-related endothelial dysfunction can all lead to functional and structural changes that can progress to CKD.
#25 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#26 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#27 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#28 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#29 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#30 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#31 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#32 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#33 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#34 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#35 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#36 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#37 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#38 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#39 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#40 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#41 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#42 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#43 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#44 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/kidney-disease/ckd/causes
Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 3 adults with diabetes may have chronic kidney disease.* […] High blood pressure (hypertension) is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the US. 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure may have chronic kidney disease*. […] The third leading cause of kidney failure, glomerular disease, is responsible for about 7% of instances of CKD. […] Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is passed down through families, and causes about 1.6% of instances of CKD.
#45 End-stage renal disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/end-stage-renal-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354532
End-stage renal disease, also called end-stage kidney disease or kidney failure, occurs when chronic kidney disease the gradual loss of kidney function reaches an advanced state. […] Kidney disease occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years. […] Diseases and conditions that can lead to kidney disease include: Type 1 or type 2 diabetes, High blood pressure, Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-low-nuh-FRY-tis) an inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units (glomeruli), Interstitial nephritis (in-tur-STISH-ul nuh-FRY-tis), an inflammation of the kidney’s tubules and surrounding structures, Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases, Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers, Vesicoureteral (ves-ih-koe-yoo-REE-tur-ul) reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys, Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis (pie-uh-low-nuh-FRY-tis).
#46 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – bookdialysis
https://www.bookdialysis.com/en/causes-of-ckd
Glomerulonephritis is a hereditary disease and is among the most common causes of chronic kidney disease, after diabetes and high blood pressure. […] ADPKD, also known as polycystic kidney disease, is the most common inherited kidney disease. […] Alports syndrome is a disease that damages the minuscule blood vessels in your kidneys. It can lead to kidney disease and kidney failure, but also cause hearing land eye problems. […] Tubulointerstitial diseases affect the tubular system and the interstitial cells in between and can cause chronic kidney disease, the same way as other glomerulopathies mentioned above. […] Please be aware that there are many other causes that affect the kidneys and are not as common as the ones mentioned here.
#47 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-overview
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal disease. […] The chief causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children include the following: obstructive uropathy, hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys, reflux nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a variant of childhood nephritic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease, autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant varieties. […] The distribution of causes varies with age. Whereas congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract predominate in younger patients, glomerulonephritis is the leading cause in children older than 12 years of age. […] Despite the diverse etiologies, once chronic kidney disease develops, the subsequent response of the failing kidney is similar.
#48 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-overview
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal disease. […] The chief causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children include the following: obstructive uropathy, hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys, reflux nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a variant of childhood nephritic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease, autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant varieties. […] The distribution of causes varies with age. Whereas congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract predominate in younger patients, glomerulonephritis is the leading cause in children older than 12 years of age. […] Despite the diverse etiologies, once chronic kidney disease develops, the subsequent response of the failing kidney is similar.
#49 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-overview
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal disease. […] The chief causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children include the following: obstructive uropathy, hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys, reflux nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a variant of childhood nephritic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease, autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant varieties. […] The distribution of causes varies with age. Whereas congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract predominate in younger patients, glomerulonephritis is the leading cause in children older than 12 years of age. […] Despite the diverse etiologies, once chronic kidney disease develops, the subsequent response of the failing kidney is similar.
#50 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-overview
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal disease. […] The chief causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children include the following: obstructive uropathy, hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys, reflux nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a variant of childhood nephritic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease, autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant varieties. […] The distribution of causes varies with age. Whereas congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract predominate in younger patients, glomerulonephritis is the leading cause in children older than 12 years of age. […] Despite the diverse etiologies, once chronic kidney disease develops, the subsequent response of the failing kidney is similar.
#51 Chronic kidney disease causes and outcomes in children: Perspective from a LMIC setting | PLOS One
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0269632
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a major public health challenge, with a global prevalence of 1574.7 cases /million children. […] Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was the underlying cause in 49% children. […] The true epidemiology of childhood CKD is unknown in Pakistan. […] Almost half the children in our CKD cohort had a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract as the underlying cause. […] CAKUT are common causes of CKD in children, representing 53% of the diagnoses in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study as well as the most common cause in the North American Pediatrics Renal Transplant Cooperative study (NAPRTCs) data. […] A significant proportion (17.5%) of children in our cohort had urolithiasis. […] The prevalence of hypertension is tenfold higher with CKD compared to the general pediatric population and is known to increase as children progress through the stages of CKD.
#52 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#53 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#54 Chronic Kidney Disease – Symptoms, Stages, Causes, Risk Factors PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N
https://www.pacehospital.com/chronic-kidney-disease-symptoms-stages-definition-causes-treatment
The pathophysiology of CKD or chronic renal failure (CRF) could potentially include almost all chronic nephropathies. The diseases leading to CRF can generally be classified into two major groups: those causing glomerular pathology and those causing tubulointerstitial pathology. […] Several glomerular diseases associated with CKD patients originate from immune system disturbances. Glomerular destruction changes in the filtration process, leading to nephrotic syndrome. Examples of glomerular diseases are chronic glomerulonephritis (glomerulus inflammation), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lipoid nephrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. […] Tubulointerstitial damage alters the reabsorption and secretion of important constituents, which leads to large volumes of diluted urination. A few of the tubulointerstitial conditions are nephrosclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic renal infection, drug toxicity, and chronic obstruction such as stones, blood clots, tumours, enlarged prostate etc.
#55 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#56 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#57 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#58 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#59 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#60 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#61 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#62 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#63 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#64 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#65 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#66 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#67 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#68 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#69 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#70 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#71 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#72 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#73 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease | What Causes Chronic Kidney Disease
https://www.patientsengage.com/conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/causes-risk-factors
Ageing, as there is a decline in kidney function with age. But CKD does not progress beyond moderate stage unless there is another underlying problem, like a diabetic kidney. […] Autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma) that damage the kidney. […] Vascular (Large vessel) A decrease in the diameter of the renal arteries resulting in the restriction of blood flow to the kidneys. This leads to impaired kidney function/renal failure and high blood pressure referred to as renovascular hypertension. […] Ischemic Nephropathy (small vessel disease) Inadequate blood flow / hypoperfusion manifests as progressive loss of kidney function and kidney atrophy/shrinkage. […] Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome occurs when an infection in the digestive system produces toxic substances that lead to abnormal premature destruction of red blood cells, start clogging the filtering system in the kidneys leading to life-threatening kidney failure.
#74 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#75 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#76 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#77 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#78 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#79 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#80 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#81 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#82 Causes of Chronic Kidney Failure | Stanford Health Care
https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/liver-kidneys-and-urinary-system/kidney-failure/causes/chronic-kidney-failure.html
Chronic kidney failure causes may include, but are not limited to, the following: […] Diabetic nephropathy – diabetes can cause permanent changes, leading to kidney damage. […] Hypertension – chronic high blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to permanent kidney damage. […] Lupus (SLE) – a chronic inflammatory/autoimmune disease that can injure the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. […] A prolonged urinary tract obstruction or blockage. […] Alport syndrome – an inherited disorder that causes deafness, progressive kidney damage, and eye defects. […] Nephrotic syndrome – a condition that has several different causes. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by protein in the urine, low protein in the blood, high cholesterol levels, and tissue swelling. […] Polycystic kidney disease – a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts filled with fluid in the kidneys. […] Cystinosis – an inherited disorder whereby the kidneys have excessive excretion or certain amino acids. This leads to severe kidney stones. […] Interstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis – an inflammation to the small internal structures in the kidney.
#83 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | My Kidney Journey
https://my.mykidneyjourney.com/en-my/chronic-kidney-disease/causes
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often referred to as lupus, is an autoimmune disease that usually affects young women. […] Lupus Nephritis can lead to CKD and even end-stage kidney disease. […] Chronic pyelonephritis refers to the damage caused by repeated urinary tract infections and kidney inflammation. […] Repeated and prolonged inflammation of the kidneys lead to permanent damage and loss of kidney functions, eventually resulting in CKD. […] A high body mass index (BMI) increases metabolic requirements, making the kidneys work harder to filter waste. […] Being overweight also increases the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension, the two leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). […] Smoking can damage blood vessels, thereby contributing to heart-related conditions.
#84 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#85 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#86 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#87 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Primary glomerular diseases include the following: […] Membranous nephropathy […] Alport syndrome […] Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy […] Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) […] Minimal change disease […] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) […] Complement-related diseases (eg, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS], dense deposit disease) […] Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. […] Secondary causes of glomerular disease include the following: […] Diabetes mellitus […] Systemic lupus erythematosus […] Rheumatoid arthritis […] Mixed connective tissue disease […] Scleroderma […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis) […] Mixed cryoglobulinemia […] Endocarditis […] Hepatitis B and C
#88 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#89
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/
Chronic kidney disease is usually caused by other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. Often it’s the result of a combination of different problems. […] CKD can be caused by: high blood pressure over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly […] diabetes too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys […] high cholesterol this can cause a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels supplying your kidneys, which can make it harder for them to work properly […] kidney infections […] glomerulonephritis kidney inflammation […] autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease an inherited condition where growths called cysts develop in the kidneys […] blockages in the flow of urine for example, from kidney stones that keep coming back, or an enlarged prostate […] long-term, regular use of certain medicines such as lithium and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
#90 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease
Anyone can get chronic kidney disease. Youre more at risk for chronic kidney disease if you: Have diabetes, Have high blood pressure, Have heart disease, Have a family history of kidney disease, Have abnormal kidney structure or size, Are over 60 years old, Have a long history of taking NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) pain relievers. […] Some of the complications of chronic kidney disease include: A low red blood cell count (anemia), Weak and brittle bones, Gout, Metabolic acidosis, High blood pressure, Heart disease and blood vessel disease, Nerve damage, High potassium, High phosphorus, High risk of infection due to a weak immune system, Fluid buildup. […] Theres no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but steps can be taken to preserve your kidney function so they work as long as possible.
#91 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where your kidneys can’t filter toxins or extra fluid from your blood as well as they should. […] Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of CKD. […] Chronic kidney disease causes: When your kidneys don’t work well for longer than 3 months, doctors call it chronic kidney disease. You may not have any symptoms in the early stages, but that’s when its simpler to treat. […] Diabetes (types 1 and 2) and high blood pressure are the most common culprits. High blood sugar levels over time can harm your kidneys. And high blood pressure creates wear and tear on your blood vessels, including those that go to your kidneys. […] Drugs and toxins — such as lead poisoning, long-term use of some medications including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, and IV street drugs — can permanently damage your kidneys. […] Kidney disease is often caused by high blood pressure and diabetes.
#92
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/
Chronic kidney disease is usually caused by other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. Often it’s the result of a combination of different problems. […] CKD can be caused by: high blood pressure over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly […] diabetes too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys […] high cholesterol this can cause a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels supplying your kidneys, which can make it harder for them to work properly […] kidney infections […] glomerulonephritis kidney inflammation […] autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease an inherited condition where growths called cysts develop in the kidneys […] blockages in the flow of urine for example, from kidney stones that keep coming back, or an enlarged prostate […] long-term, regular use of certain medicines such as lithium and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
#93 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#94 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#95 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where your kidneys can’t filter toxins or extra fluid from your blood as well as they should. […] Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of CKD. […] Chronic kidney disease causes: When your kidneys don’t work well for longer than 3 months, doctors call it chronic kidney disease. You may not have any symptoms in the early stages, but that’s when its simpler to treat. […] Diabetes (types 1 and 2) and high blood pressure are the most common culprits. High blood sugar levels over time can harm your kidneys. And high blood pressure creates wear and tear on your blood vessels, including those that go to your kidneys. […] Drugs and toxins — such as lead poisoning, long-term use of some medications including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, and IV street drugs — can permanently damage your kidneys. […] Kidney disease is often caused by high blood pressure and diabetes.
#96 Kidney failure – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure
Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. […] Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. […] Chronic kidney failure has numerous causes. The most common causes of chronic failure are diabetes mellitus and long-term, uncontrolled hypertension. Polycystic kidney disease is another well-known cause of chronic failure. […] Overuse of common drugs such as ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also cause chronic kidney failure. […] Some infectious disease agents, such as hantavirus, can attack the kidneys, causing kidney failure.
#97 Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where your kidneys can’t filter toxins or extra fluid from your blood as well as they should. […] Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of CKD. […] Chronic kidney disease causes: When your kidneys don’t work well for longer than 3 months, doctors call it chronic kidney disease. You may not have any symptoms in the early stages, but that’s when its simpler to treat. […] Diabetes (types 1 and 2) and high blood pressure are the most common culprits. High blood sugar levels over time can harm your kidneys. And high blood pressure creates wear and tear on your blood vessels, including those that go to your kidneys. […] Drugs and toxins — such as lead poisoning, long-term use of some medications including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, and IV street drugs — can permanently damage your kidneys. […] Kidney disease is often caused by high blood pressure and diabetes.
#98 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#99 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Other causes of CKD include: glomerular diseases (diseases that damage the kidneys filtering units): glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and HIV nephropathy; inherited conditions: polycystic kidney disease; autoimmune conditions: lupus (lupus nephritis); membraneous nephropathy (MN); severe infections: sepsis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); kidney cancer; kidney stones; frequent untreated and/or long-lasting urinary tract infections (UTIs) and obstructions; hydronephrosis; kidney and urinary tract abnormalities before birth; nephrotic syndrome; exposure to certain chemicals, toxins, contrast dyes, and drugs (including overuse of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug pain relievers)); etc. […] Increasing rates of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension compromise efforts to reduce CKD in the population.
#100 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#101 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#102 Chronic kidney disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521
Diseases and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease include: Type 1 or type 2 diabetes, High blood pressure, Glomerulonephritis, Interstitial nephritis, Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases, Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, Vesicoureteral reflux, Recurrent kidney infection.
#103 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#104 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#105 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m, persisting for 3 months or more. […] Although the causes of CKD vary, certain disease processes exhibit similar patterns. […] The causes of CKD vary globally, with the most common primary diseases leading to CKD and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being: Type 2 diabetes (30%-50%), Type 1 diabetes (3.9%), Hypertension (27.2%), Primary glomerulonephritis (8.2%), Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3.6%), Hereditary or cystic diseases (3.1%), Secondary glomerulonephritis or vasculitis (2.1%), Plasma cell dyscrasias or neoplasm (2.1%), Sickle cell nephropathy, which accounts for less than 1% of ESRD patients in the United States.
#106 Chronic Kidney Disease: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies to Increase Quality of Life | IntechOpen
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1175051
Primary glomerulonephritis: Chronic inflammation of glomerulus causes long-term kidney damage and decline in function. […] Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN): GFR is reduced in acute TIN due to interstitial edema, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and poor tubular function. […] Hereditary or Cystic Disease: Cystic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a group of conditions that result in the formation of cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in or around the kidneys. […] Plasma Cell Dyscariasis or Neoplasm: Renal disease in myeloma is typically characterized by renal insufficiency and proteinuria. […] Sickle Cell Nephropathy: Sickle cell disease causes damage to multiple structures within the kidney. […] Chronic anemias hemodynamic changes, renal hypoxia caused by recurrent vaso-occlusion, and hemolysis-related endothelial dysfunction can all lead to functional and structural changes that can progress to CKD.
#107 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Kidney disease caused by diabetes is called diabetic kidney disease. […] High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and other parts of the filtering system in the kidneys. […] Other causes of CKD in adults include acute kidney injury, certain cancers and related conditions, such as multiple myeloma, disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and organs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-glomerular basement membrane, also called Goodpasture’s disease, drugs that are toxic to the kidneys, glomerular diseases, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatorenal syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome, in which liver disease or heart disease damages the kidneys, infections, kidney stones with complications, metabolic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, rare genetic conditions, such as Alport syndrome and uromodulin-associated kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, severe obesity, and sickle cell disease.
#108 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include the following: […] Diabetic kidney disease […] Hypertension […] Vascular disease […] Glomerular disease (primary or secondary) […] Cystic kidney diseases […] Tubulointerstitial disease […] Urinary tract obstruction or dysfunction […] Recurrent kidney stone disease […] Congenital (birth) defects of the kidney or bladder […] Unrecovered acute kidney injury. […] Vascular diseases that can cause CKD include the following: […] Renal artery stenosis […] Cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA)positive and perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA)positive vasculitides […] ANCA-negative vasculitides […] Atheroemboli […] Hypertensive nephrosclerosis […] Renal vein thrombosis.
#109 Acute on Chronic Kidney Disease | Patient
https://patient.info/doctor/acute-on-chronic-kidney-disease
Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially in more advanced stages (eGFR less than 30 mL/min per 173 m) often do not exhibit linear progression of disease, which might be related to superimposed episodes of acute kidney injury or other factors. […] Some studies suggest that each acute kidney injury event might accelerate progression of chronic kidney disease. […] Therefore, preventing acute kidney injury is an important part of the management of chronic kidney disease. […] CKD predisposes to episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) and optimal care of CKD is essential to reduce the risk of AKI. […] In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with AKI, there is increasing evidence that AKI accelerates the progression of CKD. […] Management involves treatment of the underlying cause and management of acute injury.
#110 Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means you have lasting damage to your kidneys that can get worse over time. […] CKD is when your kidneys are damaged and lose their ability to filter waste and fluid out of your blood. […] The two most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. Diabetes means that your blood sugar is too high, which can damage your kidneys. High blood pressure means that the force of blood in your blood vessels is too strong, which can damage your blood vessels and lead to CKD. […] There are other kidney problems that can lead to CKD, such as: Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic kidney disease, Lupus nephritis, Kidney cancer. […] If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, the best way to prevent CKD is to work with your doctor to control your blood sugar and blood pressure. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two most common causes of CKD.
#111 Chronic kidney disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521
Diseases and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease include: Type 1 or type 2 diabetes, High blood pressure, Glomerulonephritis, Interstitial nephritis, Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases, Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, Vesicoureteral reflux, Recurrent kidney infection.
#112 Chronic kidney disease – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, defined by the sustained presence of abnormal kidney function and/or abnormal kidney structure. […] Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. […] The most common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. […] If the cause is unknown, it is called idiopathic. […] Genetic congenital disease such as polycystic kidney disease or 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. […] Mesoamerican nephropathy, is „a new form of kidney disease that could be called agricultural nephropathy”. […] Chronic lead exposure. […] The cause of chronic kidney disease is sometimes unknown; it is referred to as chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu). […] A rapidly progressive chronic kidney disease, unexplained by diabetes and hypertension, had increased dramatically in prevalence over a few decades in several regions in Central America and Mexico, a CKDu referred to as the Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN).
#113 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive). […] Chronic prerenal disease occurs in patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, where persistently decreased renal perfusion increases the risk of intrinsic kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis. […] The most common chronic renal vascular disease is nephrosclerosis, which causes ongoing damage to blood vessels, glomeruli, and the tubulointerstitium. […] There is increasing recognition of a relatively high prevalence of CKD of unknown cause among agricultural workers from Central America and parts of Southeast Asia, known as MesoAmerican nephropathy or chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. […] Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
#114 Chronic kidney disease – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, defined by the sustained presence of abnormal kidney function and/or abnormal kidney structure. […] Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. […] The most common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. […] If the cause is unknown, it is called idiopathic. […] Genetic congenital disease such as polycystic kidney disease or 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. […] Mesoamerican nephropathy, is „a new form of kidney disease that could be called agricultural nephropathy”. […] Chronic lead exposure. […] The cause of chronic kidney disease is sometimes unknown; it is referred to as chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu). […] A rapidly progressive chronic kidney disease, unexplained by diabetes and hypertension, had increased dramatically in prevalence over a few decades in several regions in Central America and Mexico, a CKDu referred to as the Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN).
#115 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) is a worldwide hidden health threat that is associated with progressive loss of kidney functions without showing any initial symptoms until reaching end-stage renal failure, eventually leading to death. […] CKDu disease mainly affects young men in rural farming communities, while its etiology is not related to hypertension, kidney stones, diabetes, or other known causes. The main suspected causal factors are heat-stress, dehydration, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and use of hard water, infections, mycotoxins, nephrotoxic agents, altitude, and genetic factors. […] CKDu has been recorded in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in several Central American nations, the dry zone of Sri Lanka, certain states of India, Japan, and some North-African countries such as Tunisia and Egypt.
#116 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
The precise causes of this disease are a subject of considerable debate, leaving the origin of the disease a mystery that needs to be unveiled. […] The main risk factors identified during these studies are agrochemicals, heavy metals, heat stress, mycotoxins, etc; however, the exact cause of CKDu remains unknown and debatable. […] The use of agrochemicals has been widely considered a potential risk factor for the outbreak of CKDu. […] Heavy metals are widely used in agriculture and industrial applications, including the production of pesticides, batteries, alloys, and textile dyes. […] Numerous studies have validated the heat stress/dehydration hypothesis, establishing it as the primary driver or essential cause of CKDu. […] The contamination of rice, which is the main diet of the inhabitants of a hot spot of CKDu, by nephrotoxic metals, particularly Pb and Cd, has been detected in Sri Lanka.
#117 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
The precise causes of this disease are a subject of considerable debate, leaving the origin of the disease a mystery that needs to be unveiled. […] The main risk factors identified during these studies are agrochemicals, heavy metals, heat stress, mycotoxins, etc; however, the exact cause of CKDu remains unknown and debatable. […] The use of agrochemicals has been widely considered a potential risk factor for the outbreak of CKDu. […] Heavy metals are widely used in agriculture and industrial applications, including the production of pesticides, batteries, alloys, and textile dyes. […] Numerous studies have validated the heat stress/dehydration hypothesis, establishing it as the primary driver or essential cause of CKDu. […] The contamination of rice, which is the main diet of the inhabitants of a hot spot of CKDu, by nephrotoxic metals, particularly Pb and Cd, has been detected in Sri Lanka.
#118 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) is a worldwide hidden health threat that is associated with progressive loss of kidney functions without showing any initial symptoms until reaching end-stage renal failure, eventually leading to death. […] CKDu disease mainly affects young men in rural farming communities, while its etiology is not related to hypertension, kidney stones, diabetes, or other known causes. The main suspected causal factors are heat-stress, dehydration, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and use of hard water, infections, mycotoxins, nephrotoxic agents, altitude, and genetic factors. […] CKDu has been recorded in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in several Central American nations, the dry zone of Sri Lanka, certain states of India, Japan, and some North-African countries such as Tunisia and Egypt.
#119 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
The precise causes of this disease are a subject of considerable debate, leaving the origin of the disease a mystery that needs to be unveiled. […] The main risk factors identified during these studies are agrochemicals, heavy metals, heat stress, mycotoxins, etc; however, the exact cause of CKDu remains unknown and debatable. […] The use of agrochemicals has been widely considered a potential risk factor for the outbreak of CKDu. […] Heavy metals are widely used in agriculture and industrial applications, including the production of pesticides, batteries, alloys, and textile dyes. […] Numerous studies have validated the heat stress/dehydration hypothesis, establishing it as the primary driver or essential cause of CKDu. […] The contamination of rice, which is the main diet of the inhabitants of a hot spot of CKDu, by nephrotoxic metals, particularly Pb and Cd, has been detected in Sri Lanka.
#120 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) is a worldwide hidden health threat that is associated with progressive loss of kidney functions without showing any initial symptoms until reaching end-stage renal failure, eventually leading to death. […] CKDu disease mainly affects young men in rural farming communities, while its etiology is not related to hypertension, kidney stones, diabetes, or other known causes. The main suspected causal factors are heat-stress, dehydration, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and use of hard water, infections, mycotoxins, nephrotoxic agents, altitude, and genetic factors. […] CKDu has been recorded in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in several Central American nations, the dry zone of Sri Lanka, certain states of India, Japan, and some North-African countries such as Tunisia and Egypt.
#121 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that grow in rice, corn, peanuts, wheat, and other improperly stored products, which have been linked to kidney disease and other adverse health effects, including cancer. […] Genetic factors may also be important and could explain family clustering of chronic kidney disease in communities.
#122 Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural CommunitiesâPrevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/31/4/52
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that grow in rice, corn, peanuts, wheat, and other improperly stored products, which have been linked to kidney disease and other adverse health effects, including cancer. […] Genetic factors may also be important and could explain family clustering of chronic kidney disease in communities.
#123 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease
Anyone can get chronic kidney disease. Youre more at risk for chronic kidney disease if you: Have diabetes, Have high blood pressure, Have heart disease, Have a family history of kidney disease, Have abnormal kidney structure or size, Are over 60 years old, Have a long history of taking NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) pain relievers. […] Some of the complications of chronic kidney disease include: A low red blood cell count (anemia), Weak and brittle bones, Gout, Metabolic acidosis, High blood pressure, Heart disease and blood vessel disease, Nerve damage, High potassium, High phosphorus, High risk of infection due to a weak immune system, Fluid buildup. […] Theres no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but steps can be taken to preserve your kidney function so they work as long as possible.
#124 End-stage renal disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/end-stage-renal-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354532
Certain factors increase the risk that chronic kidney disease will progress more quickly to end-stage renal disease, including: Diabetes with poor blood sugar control, Kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, the structures in the kidneys that filter wastes from the blood, Polycystic kidney disease, High blood pressure, Tobacco use, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian heritage, Family history of kidney failure, Older age, Frequent use of medications that could be damaging to the kidney.
#125 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease
Anyone can get chronic kidney disease. Youre more at risk for chronic kidney disease if you: Have diabetes, Have high blood pressure, Have heart disease, Have a family history of kidney disease, Have abnormal kidney structure or size, Are over 60 years old, Have a long history of taking NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) pain relievers. […] Some of the complications of chronic kidney disease include: A low red blood cell count (anemia), Weak and brittle bones, Gout, Metabolic acidosis, High blood pressure, Heart disease and blood vessel disease, Nerve damage, High potassium, High phosphorus, High risk of infection due to a weak immune system, Fluid buildup. […] Theres no cure for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but steps can be taken to preserve your kidney function so they work as long as possible.
#126 Chronic Kidney Disease Facts: What You Need to Know
https://www.verywellhealth.com/facts-about-chronic-kidney-disease-6260459
Factors for chronic kidney disease that raise the incidence of CKD include: Health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease; Being overweight or obese; Having a family member with CKD; Having a medical history that includes kidney damage; Recurrent or severe urinary tract infections; Pregnancy complications; High levels of blood sugar; Being Black or Hispanic; Older age. […] Older people, especially those who are 65 years old or older, are at the greatest risk. Other health conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, can lead to CKD.
#127 End-stage renal disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/end-stage-renal-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354532
Certain factors increase the risk that chronic kidney disease will progress more quickly to end-stage renal disease, including: Diabetes with poor blood sugar control, Kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, the structures in the kidneys that filter wastes from the blood, Polycystic kidney disease, High blood pressure, Tobacco use, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian heritage, Family history of kidney failure, Older age, Frequent use of medications that could be damaging to the kidney.
#128 Chronic kidney disease: Symptoms, stage, treatment, and more
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172179
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over several years. […] CKD often happens as a result of either diabetes or hypertension. […] When a person has unmanaged diabetes, sugar (glucose) accumulates in the blood and can damage the kidneys. […] High blood pressure, meanwhile, can damage the glomeruli. These are parts of the kidney that filter waste products. […] Some other causes of CKD may include: obstructed urine flow, kidney diseases, kidney artery stenosis, heavy metal poisoning, fetal developmental problems, systemic lupus erythematosus, malaria and yellow fever, certain medications, illegal substance use, and kidney injury. […] Most of the causes of CKD are also risk factors for the condition. […] According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, African American, Hispanic, and Native American people are more likely to get CKD than people who are white.
#129 Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus | Nature Reviews Nephrology
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00820-6
We also discuss how such an approach worsens global inequities in access to the best attainable standards of health and hinders progress towards targets identified in the SDGs, making the absence of kidney disease from the global NCD health agenda morally indefensible and a substantial challenge to tackling the growing kidney disease burden. […] The burden of CKD risk factors that traditionally drive disease in HICs, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, is growing most rapidly in LICs and LMICs. […] The lack of resources in these countries means that the contribution of local CKD risk factors is not as well-studied as those related to diabetes or cardiovascular disease that were first recognized in HICs, which leads to their continued under-recognition. […] Even in HICs, social determinants of health and factors such as gender, race or ethnicity influence the risk of kidney disease and underscore many health outcome disparities.
#130 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens over time. High blood pressure and diabetes are two common causes of CKD. […] Kidney diseases happen when your kidneys are damaged and cant filter your blood. With chronic kidney disease, the damage tends to happen over the course of several years. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes are the two most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Other causes and conditions that affect kidney function and can cause chronic kidney disease include: Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic kidney disease, Membranous nephropathy, Obstructions of the urinary tract, Vesicoureteral reflux, Nephrotic syndrome, Recurrent kidney infection, Diabetes-related nephropathy, Lupus and other immune system diseases that cause kidney problems. […] Yes, kidney disease can run in biological families. Risk factors for CKD, like diabetes, also tend to run in families.
#131 Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease | Chronic Kidney Disease | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/index.html
CKD is common in people with diabetes. Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes has CKD. […] Approximately 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. […] Adults with heart failure have a higher risk of CKD because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. […] CKD runs in families. You may be more likely to get kidney disease if you have a close relative with CKD. […] Having overweight or obesity raises your risk for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two biggest causes of CKD. This means that having overweight or obesity puts you at greater risk for CKD.
#132 Kidney failure – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure
The APOL1 gene has been proposed as a major genetic risk locus for a spectrum of nondiabetic renal failure in individuals of African origin, these include HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), primary nonmonogenic forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension affiliated chronic kidney disease not attributed to other etiologies.
#133 Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease | Chronic Kidney Disease | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/index.html
CKD is common in people with diabetes. Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes has CKD. […] Approximately 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. […] Adults with heart failure have a higher risk of CKD because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. […] CKD runs in families. You may be more likely to get kidney disease if you have a close relative with CKD. […] Having overweight or obesity raises your risk for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two biggest causes of CKD. This means that having overweight or obesity puts you at greater risk for CKD.
#134 Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease | Chronic Kidney Disease | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/index.html
CKD is common in people with diabetes. Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes has CKD. […] Approximately 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. […] Adults with heart failure have a higher risk of CKD because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. […] CKD runs in families. You may be more likely to get kidney disease if you have a close relative with CKD. […] Having overweight or obesity raises your risk for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two biggest causes of CKD. This means that having overweight or obesity puts you at greater risk for CKD.
#135 Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease | Chronic Kidney Disease | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/index.html
CKD is common in people with diabetes. Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes has CKD. […] Approximately 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. […] Adults with heart failure have a higher risk of CKD because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. […] CKD runs in families. You may be more likely to get kidney disease if you have a close relative with CKD. […] Having overweight or obesity raises your risk for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two biggest causes of CKD. This means that having overweight or obesity puts you at greater risk for CKD.
#136 Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease | Chronic Kidney Disease | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/risk-factors/index.html
CKD is common in people with diabetes. Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes has CKD. […] Approximately 1 in 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. […] Adults with heart failure have a higher risk of CKD because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. […] CKD runs in families. You may be more likely to get kidney disease if you have a close relative with CKD. […] Having overweight or obesity raises your risk for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two biggest causes of CKD. This means that having overweight or obesity puts you at greater risk for CKD.
#137
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/
Chronic kidney disease is usually caused by other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. Often it’s the result of a combination of different problems. […] CKD can be caused by: high blood pressure over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly […] diabetes too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys […] high cholesterol this can cause a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels supplying your kidneys, which can make it harder for them to work properly […] kidney infections […] glomerulonephritis kidney inflammation […] autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease an inherited condition where growths called cysts develop in the kidneys […] blockages in the flow of urine for example, from kidney stones that keep coming back, or an enlarged prostate […] long-term, regular use of certain medicines such as lithium and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
#138 End-stage renal disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/end-stage-renal-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354532
Certain factors increase the risk that chronic kidney disease will progress more quickly to end-stage renal disease, including: Diabetes with poor blood sugar control, Kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, the structures in the kidneys that filter wastes from the blood, Polycystic kidney disease, High blood pressure, Tobacco use, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian heritage, Family history of kidney failure, Older age, Frequent use of medications that could be damaging to the kidney.
#139 End-stage renal disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/end-stage-renal-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354532
Certain factors increase the risk that chronic kidney disease will progress more quickly to end-stage renal disease, including: Diabetes with poor blood sugar control, Kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, the structures in the kidneys that filter wastes from the blood, Polycystic kidney disease, High blood pressure, Tobacco use, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian heritage, Family history of kidney failure, Older age, Frequent use of medications that could be damaging to the kidney.
#140 What Is the Emergence of Chronic Kidney Failure Caused by? – EMC Healthcare – SAME
https://www.emc.id/en/care-plus/trigger-factors-and-causes-of-chronic-kidney-failure
Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, cause the body’s immune system to attack and damage kidney tissue, which can ultimately lead to chronic kidney failure. […] A blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract can interfere with the outflow of urine, causing a buildup of fluid and pressure in the kidneys, and damaging them over time. […] Gradual kidney damage without obvious symptoms caused by factors such as exposure to toxins, infections, or certain medications. […] Unhealthy lifestyles include a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, and smoking habits. […] Genetic factors that cause kidney problems. […] The risk of chronic kidney failure increases with age leading to a decline in kidney function over time. […] Exposure to environmental toxins such as heavy metals or industrial chemicals that can damage the kidneys.
#141 What Is the Emergence of Chronic Kidney Failure Caused by? – EMC Healthcare – SAME
https://www.emc.id/en/care-plus/trigger-factors-and-causes-of-chronic-kidney-failure
Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, cause the body’s immune system to attack and damage kidney tissue, which can ultimately lead to chronic kidney failure. […] A blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract can interfere with the outflow of urine, causing a buildup of fluid and pressure in the kidneys, and damaging them over time. […] Gradual kidney damage without obvious symptoms caused by factors such as exposure to toxins, infections, or certain medications. […] Unhealthy lifestyles include a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, and smoking habits. […] Genetic factors that cause kidney problems. […] The risk of chronic kidney failure increases with age leading to a decline in kidney function over time. […] Exposure to environmental toxins such as heavy metals or industrial chemicals that can damage the kidneys.
#142 What Is the Emergence of Chronic Kidney Failure Caused by? – EMC Healthcare – SAME
https://www.emc.id/en/care-plus/trigger-factors-and-causes-of-chronic-kidney-failure
Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, cause the body’s immune system to attack and damage kidney tissue, which can ultimately lead to chronic kidney failure. […] A blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract can interfere with the outflow of urine, causing a buildup of fluid and pressure in the kidneys, and damaging them over time. […] Gradual kidney damage without obvious symptoms caused by factors such as exposure to toxins, infections, or certain medications. […] Unhealthy lifestyles include a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, and smoking habits. […] Genetic factors that cause kidney problems. […] The risk of chronic kidney failure increases with age leading to a decline in kidney function over time. […] Exposure to environmental toxins such as heavy metals or industrial chemicals that can damage the kidneys.
#143 Chronic kidney disease – Knowledge @ AMBOSS
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/chronic-kidney-disease/
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an abnormality of kidney structure or function that persists for 3 months. The most common causes of CKD in the United States are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. […] Diabetic nephropathy (38%) […] Hypertensive nephropathy (26%) […] Glomerulonephritis (16%) […] Other causes (15%, e.g., polycystic kidney disease, analgesic misuse, amyloidosis) […] Idiopathic (5%). […] Pathophysiology depends on the underlying condition, any of which will eventually lead to progressive nephron loss, structural damage, and impaired kidney function. […] The diagnosis of CKD requires the persistence of eGFR 2 and/or of a marker of kidney damage for more than 3 months. […] The goals of the diagnostic evaluation include confirming the chronicity of kidney dysfunction and identifying the cause of kidney disease.
#144 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive). […] Chronic prerenal disease occurs in patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, where persistently decreased renal perfusion increases the risk of intrinsic kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis. […] The most common chronic renal vascular disease is nephrosclerosis, which causes ongoing damage to blood vessels, glomeruli, and the tubulointerstitium. […] There is increasing recognition of a relatively high prevalence of CKD of unknown cause among agricultural workers from Central America and parts of Southeast Asia, known as MesoAmerican nephropathy or chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. […] Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
#145 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive). […] Chronic prerenal disease occurs in patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, where persistently decreased renal perfusion increases the risk of intrinsic kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis. […] The most common chronic renal vascular disease is nephrosclerosis, which causes ongoing damage to blood vessels, glomeruli, and the tubulointerstitium. […] There is increasing recognition of a relatively high prevalence of CKD of unknown cause among agricultural workers from Central America and parts of Southeast Asia, known as MesoAmerican nephropathy or chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. […] Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
#146 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive). […] Chronic prerenal disease occurs in patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, where persistently decreased renal perfusion increases the risk of intrinsic kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis. […] The most common chronic renal vascular disease is nephrosclerosis, which causes ongoing damage to blood vessels, glomeruli, and the tubulointerstitium. […] There is increasing recognition of a relatively high prevalence of CKD of unknown cause among agricultural workers from Central America and parts of Southeast Asia, known as MesoAmerican nephropathy or chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. […] Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
#147 Chronic Kidney Disease – Symptoms, Stages, Causes, Risk Factors PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N
https://www.pacehospital.com/chronic-kidney-disease-symptoms-stages-definition-causes-treatment
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Chronic renal failure is a long-term (chronic) condition comprised of progressive and irreversible deterioration of renal capacity due to slow destruction of renal parenchyma (the kidney), the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter blood. This can lead to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body, which can cause a variety of health problems, eventually leading to death when enough nephrons (the functional unit of the kidney) have been damaged. […] The most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. […] Nearly 45% of incident kidney failure is attributed to diabetes, and another 20% is attributed to chronic hypertension. The five major causes of CKD accounting for >90% of the burden are listed below: Diabetic nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis, Hypertension-associated CKD such as vascular and ischemic kidney disease, Primary glomerular disease with associated hypertension, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Cystic and tubulointerstitial nephropathy.
#148 Chronic Kidney Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive). […] Chronic prerenal disease occurs in patients with chronic heart failure or cirrhosis, where persistently decreased renal perfusion increases the risk of intrinsic kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis. […] The most common chronic renal vascular disease is nephrosclerosis, which causes ongoing damage to blood vessels, glomeruli, and the tubulointerstitium. […] There is increasing recognition of a relatively high prevalence of CKD of unknown cause among agricultural workers from Central America and parts of Southeast Asia, known as MesoAmerican nephropathy or chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. […] Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
#149 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Syphilis […] HIV infection […] Parasitic infection […] Heroin use […] Gold […] Penicillamine […] Amyloidosis […] Light-chain deposition disease […] Neoplasia […] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) […] Shiga-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniaerelated HUS […] Henoch-Schnlein purpura […] Reflux nephropathy. […] Causes of tubulointerstitial disease include the following: […] Drugs (eg, sulfonamides, allopurinol) […] Infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) […] Sjgren syndrome […] Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome […] Chronic hypokalemia […] Chronic hypercalcemia […] Sarcoidosis […] Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy […] Heavy metals […] Radiation nephritis […] Polycystic kidneys […] Cystinosis and other inherited diseases. […] Urinary tract obstruction may result from any of the following: […] Benign prostatic hypeplasia […] Urolithiasis (kidney stones) […] Urethral stricture […] Tumors […] Neurogenic bladder […] Congenital defects of the kidney or bladder […] Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
#150 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-overview
Although the underlying problem that initiated chronic kidney disease often cannot be treated primarily, extensive studies in experimental animals and preliminary studies in humans suggest that progression in chronic renal disease may be largely due to secondary factors that are unrelated to the activity of the initial disease.
#151 Kidney Disease: Fact Sheet | National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/about/kidney-disease-fact-sheet
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), causes more deaths each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer. It is the under-recognized public health crisis. […] About 35.5 million U.S. adults are estimated to have kidney disease that’s more than 1 in 7 (14%). […] About 9 in 10 adults with kidney disease (90%) do not know they have it. […] People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice symptoms until the disease is advanced. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Diabetes and hypertension cause or contribute to 2 of 3 new cases of kidney failure. […] The main cause of kidney disease is diabetes, followed by high blood pressure. […] 35.6% of people with CKD had diabetes. (2017-March 2020) […] 75.3% of people with CKD had hypertension. (2017-March 2020) […] These two conditions account for about 75% of new (incident) CKD cases.
#152 Leading Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease – Panoramic Health
https://panoramichealth.com/blog/leading-causes-of-chronic-kidney-disease/
Kidney disease is the fastest-growing noncommunicable disease in the U.S., with 15% or 1 in 7 adults affected. […] Recognizing the causes and risk factors for CKD is essential to reduce or prevent associated adverse outcomes such as acute kidney injury (AKI), increased risk for stroke, and progression to kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). […] CKD is generally caused by other conditions that place additional stress on the kidneys. […] The leading cause of CKD is diabetes and hypertension. […] CKD is typically caused by other conditions that add additional pressure on the kidneys or as a result of a combination of different issues. Common causes of CKD include: Hypertension (high blood pressure), High cholesterol, Diabetes, Kidney infections. […] Other conditions that may cause CKD include autoimmune diseases, inherited diseases, congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities, glomerulonephritis, and other causes such as kidney stones or tumors.
#153 Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD)
https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/stages-kidney-disease/stage-3-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-causes-symptoms-and-treatment
Understanding the cause of your kidney disease is an important step in managing your health. […] To find out what caused your CKD, your doctor may do other tests, including: […] Understanding the cause of your kidney disease is an important step in managing your health. […] Ask if additional tests are necessary to determine the root cause or to understand your kidney function better.
#154 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults – NIDDK
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes
Knowing the cause of your CKD can help you and your health care team develop a plan to manage your CKD and protect your kidneys from more damage. […] Researchers are studying many aspects of the causes of CKD, such as disease pathways that lead to CKD, how our environment and social factors affect gene variants linked to an increased risk of developing kidney disease, and rare, atypical, and other forms of kidney disease that we don’t fully understand yet.
#155 Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus | Nature Reviews Nephrology
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00820-6
We also discuss how such an approach worsens global inequities in access to the best attainable standards of health and hinders progress towards targets identified in the SDGs, making the absence of kidney disease from the global NCD health agenda morally indefensible and a substantial challenge to tackling the growing kidney disease burden. […] The burden of CKD risk factors that traditionally drive disease in HICs, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, is growing most rapidly in LICs and LMICs. […] The lack of resources in these countries means that the contribution of local CKD risk factors is not as well-studied as those related to diabetes or cardiovascular disease that were first recognized in HICs, which leads to their continued under-recognition. […] Even in HICs, social determinants of health and factors such as gender, race or ethnicity influence the risk of kidney disease and underscore many health outcome disparities.
#156 Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus | Nature Reviews Nephrology
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00820-6
Early detection is a key strategy to prevent kidney disease, its progression and related complications, but numerous studies show that awareness of kidney disease at the population level is low. […] Economic and epidemiological data underscore why kidney disease should be placed on the global public health agenda kidney disease prevalence is increasing globally and it is now the seventh leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. […] Importantly, the burden of kidney disease is highest among historically disadvantaged populations that often have limited access to optimal kidney disease therapies, which greatly contributes to current socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes. […] Approximately 850 million people worldwide are estimated to have kidney disease, most of whom live in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs), and a large proportion of these individuals lack access to kidney disease diagnosis, prevention or treatment.
#157 Chronic Kidney Disease – Causes | Symptoms | Risk Factors | Diagnosis | Complications | Treatment
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/kidney-and-urologic-diseases/chronic-kidney-disease-a-summary
Is It Possible to Prevent Chronic Kidney Disease? Here are some measures that help to prevent chronic kidney disease (CKD): Control high blood pressure. Control blood sugar levels if one has diabetes. Adopt a balanced diet. Avoid smoking or using tobacco products. Engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activity on at least five days per week. Keep a healthy weight. Use over-the-counter pain relievers strictly as directed; excessive intake can harm the kidneys. Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages. […] When the GFR has come down to 15 mL/min, It means that the kidney has come to the end-stage kidney.
#158 Chronic Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Management | Ausmed
https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/ckd
CKD is a largely preventable condition. The risk can be reduced by making lifestyle changes, including: Maintaining a healthy weight, Maintaining a healthy diet, Drinking adequate water, Exercising regularly, Avoiding smoking and vaping, Limiting alcohol, Reducing stress, Undergoing routine kidney checks if any risk factors are present. (Healthdirect 2023)