Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pneumonitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623

  Pneumonitis is a result of an extra strong defense response by the body’s immune system to an irritating substance. Common causes of pneumonitis include airborne irritants at a job, in the home or from hobbies. […] Many causes have been linked to pneumonitis. But it’s not clear why some people have a strong immune system response to certain substances that cause pneumonitis, while others do not. For many people, the specific substance causing the inflammation is never identified. […] Some types of pneumonitis include hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis and radiation-induced pneumonitis. […] Many medicines can cause pneumonitis. But the exact reason why certain medicines cause inflamed lung tissue isn’t clear. It’s possible that some medicines may irritate lung cells, and then the immune system has a strong response that causes inflammation. […] Some medicines used to treat cancer can cause pneumonitis. So can radiation therapy to the lungs and chest. The combination of the two raises the risk of pneumonitis even more.

• #1 Pneumonitis: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is a type of allergic reaction. It happens when a substance like mold or bacteria irritates the air sacs in your lungs. […] You can get pneumonitis when substances you breathe in irritate the small air sacs, called alveoli, in your lungs. When you’re exposed to one of these substances, your immune system reacts by producing inflammation. Your air sacs fill with white blood cells and sometimes fluid. The inflammation makes it harder for oxygen to pass through the alveoli into your bloodstream. […] Substances that can trigger pneumonitis include mold, bacteria, fungi, and chemicals. […] Other causes of pneumonitis include certain medicines, including some antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and heart rhythm medicines, and radiation treatment to the chest.

• #1 Pneumonitis – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/pneumonitis.html

  Pneumonitis is inflammation of your lungs. The inflammation can make it hard to breathe and prevent you from getting enough oxygen. Anything that irritates your lung tissues can lead to pneumonitis. The longer you are exposed, the more damage your lungs will develop. Pneumonitis can last a short time or become chronic. […] What causes or increases my risk for pneumonitis? Radiation for cancer treatment, Mold, a virus, or bacteria, Chemicals such as pesticides, pool chemicals, or household cleaners, Certain medicines, such as antibiotics, cancer medicines, and some heart medicines, Smoke from a fire, or dust from grains, such as on a farm, Food or liquid that you inhale, Exposure to bird feathers or droppings.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299174-overview

  More than 300 causes of HP have been reported from a wide range of exposures involving airborne antigens. […] The major causative antigen is thermophilic Actinomycetes species. […] Antigens are various species of Thermoactinomyces, Cladosporium, or Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). […] Poultry and other bird handlers are commonly exposed to droppings, feathers, and serum proteins of pigeons, other birds, and fowl. […] The list of potential exposures responsible for HP is constantly growing. […] The mechanisms of disease are not completely understood. […] A case-control study investigated the agricultural practices and the microbiologic composition of hay handled by patients with farmer’s lung disease. […] An HP-like syndrome has been described in patients exposed to aerosolized MAC.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17898-hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a type of allergic reaction that causes inflammation in your lungs. Bacteria, fungi, animal and plant proteins, and other allergens can cause HP. […] Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is considered an interstitial lung disease. It can lead to lung scarring over time. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes a different immune reaction in your body than pollen or pet allergies. Unlike common allergies that cause hay fever and asthma, repeated exposure to allergens that cause HP can lead to inflammation that can permanently damage your lungs. […] Breathing in substances (allergens) that create an immune reaction in your lungs causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Over time, this can damage your lungs and worsen your symptoms. There are over 300 known causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, including: Bacteria, Molds and fungi, Certain chemicals and metals, Animal and plant proteins.

• #1 Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24810-pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is inflammation in your lung tissue. Causes include irritants such as chemicals, allergens and certain treatments for other conditions. […] Pneumonitis causes inflammation in the alveoli in your lungs. Causes may include fumes, bacteria, animal dander, dust or certain therapies. […] There are many different possible pneumonitis causes. Common causes include: Animals. Animal fur, feathers and skin contain allergens that may cause inflammation. Bacteria. The bacteria commonly appear in humidifiers, hot tubs and heating and air conditioning systems. Drugs and medicines. Certain drugs and medications may cause pneumonitis, including aspirin, antibiotics (sulfonamides and nitrofurantoin), heart medicines (amiodarone) and chemotherapy drugs. Molds. Examples include mold that grows on hay, straw, grains, cheese, mushrooms and sugar cane. Radiation therapy. Pneumonitis may develop after whole-body or chest radiation therapies to treat certain cancers, including breast cancer or lung cancer. […] Long-term exposure to irritants that cause pneumonitis may cause serious, irreversible lung damage.

• #1 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs due to breathing in dust, fungus, molds, or other substances. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually occurs in people who work in places where there are high levels of dust, fungus, or molds. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may also be caused by: […] Bird fancier’s lung is caused by exposure to proteins found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds. This is the most common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] Farmer’s lung is caused by exposure to dust from moldy hay, straw, and grain.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: causes, symptoms & treatment

  https://www.drsheetusingh.com/blog/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhaling substances(allergens) that provoke an immunological reaction in your lungs. […] Around 300 different causes of HP have been identified, including: Bacteria, Certain chemicals and metals, Molds and fungi, Animal and plant proteins, Humidifiers, air conditioners, and ventilation systems, Food contamination or factory products, Bird dropping, feathers, and animal furs, Contaminated fluids from metalwork, Hay or gain for feeding animals, Hardwood dust, Hot tubs. […] If HP is not treat properly, it can result in pulmonary hypertension, permanent lung damage, or heart failure.

• #1 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis): Epidemiology, causes, and pathogenesis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-extrinsic-allergic-alveolitis-epidemiology-causes-and-pathogenesis

  Much of the epidemiologic information regarding HP has been derived from studies of farmers and bird fanciers. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with farming and agriculture […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with ventilation and water-related contamination […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with birds and poultry handling […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with veterinary work and animal handling […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with grain and flour processing […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with milling and construction […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides associated with plastic manufacturing, painting, electronics industry, and other chemicals […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitides in textile workers.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Causes | National Jewish Health

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis/causes

  HP typically is found in people who work in places where there are high levels of organic dusts. […] The most common type of this disease is bird fanciers lung. This is caused by repeated or intense exposure to proteins found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds. […] The disease can also be caused by exposure to: dust from moldy hay, straw, and grain […] aerosols containing fungi […] bacteria in humidifiers, heating systems and air conditioners […] certain chemicals, such as isocyanates, as well as use of some medications can also lead to HP.

• #1 Drug-Induced Pneumonitis | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/lung-pulmonary/ohio-states-lung-center/interstitial-lung-disease/drug-induced-pneumonitis

  Sometimes certain medications can lead to lung inflammation called drug-induced pneumonitis. […] Drug-induced pneumonitis is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by certain medications you might be taking. […] Pneumonitis is caused by a reaction to some type of irritant, whether airborne (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) or a medication (drug-induced pneumonitis). […] Dozens of different medications can be responsible for the inflammation seen in the lungs of patients with pneumonitis. […] Drugs known to cause pneumonitis include several types of chemotherapy, medications for irregular heart rhythms, some antibiotics, and radiation treatments to the chest. […] If it’s determined you have chemical pneumonitis, we’ll recommend you stop taking the medication that’s irritating your lungs and work to find alternatives to it.

• #1 Pneumonitis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pneumonitis

  Some people who have radiation therapy to the chest, such as for breast or lung cancer, may get pneumonitis. Pneumonitis also can happen after whole-body radiation therapy that’s done to prepare a person for a bone marrow transplant. Symptoms usually appear in the first few months after radiation treatment is finished.

• #1 Radiation pneumonitis | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/radiation-pneumonitis

  Radiation pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs caused by radiation therapy to the chest. […] Radiation pneumonitis is more likely to happen when high doses of radiation are used or a large area of the lung is treated with radiation. Combining radiation therapy with certain chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapy, or targeted therapies can make the lung tissue more sensitive to radiation and increase the risk of radiation pneumonitis.

• #1 Chemical pneumonitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000143.htm

  Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs or breathing difficulty due to inhaling chemical fumes or breathing in and choking on certain chemicals. […] Many chemicals used in the home and workplace can cause pneumonitis. […] Some common dangerous inhaled substances include: Chlorine gas (breathed in from cleaning materials such as chlorine bleach, during industrial accidents, or near swimming pools), Grain and fertilizer dust, Noxious fumes from pesticides, Smoke (from house fires and wildfires). […] Chronic aspiration of acid from the stomach and exposure to chemical weapons can also lead to chemical pneumonitis. […] The outcome depends on the chemical, the severity of exposure, and whether the problem is acute or chronic. […] Respiratory failure and death can occur.

• #1 Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/pneumonia/aspiration-pneumonitis-and-pneumonia

  Aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia are caused by inhaling toxic and/or irritant substances, most commonly large volumes of upper airway secretions or gastric contents, into the lungs. […] Multiple substances are directly toxic to the lungs or stimulate an inflammatory response when aspirated; gastric acid is the most common such aspirated substance, but others include petroleum products (particularly of low viscosity, such as petroleum jelly) and laxative oils (such as mineral, castor, and paraffin oil). […] Gastric contents cause damage mainly due to gastric acid, although food and other ingested material (eg, activated charcoal as in treatment of overdose) are injurious in quantity. […] Gram-negative enteric pathogens and oral anaerobes are the most frequent pathogens in aspiration pneumonia. […] Aspiration pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics; treatment of aspiration pneumonitis is primarily supportive. […] Secondary prevention of aspiration using various measures is a key component of care for affected patients.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499918/

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) classified as an interstitial lung disease is characterized by a complex immunological reaction of the lung parenchyma in response to repetitive inhalation of a sensitized allergen. Since these initial observations, numerous exposures have been described from all over the world that causes HP. […] Numerous organic antigens can induce this immune response and cause a specific form of the disease in susceptible individuals. More than 300 antigens that span over a wide range of occupations have been described to cause HP. These antigens can be broadly classified into bacteria, fungi, animal proteins, plant proteins, low molecular weight chemicals, and metals. […] Interestingly only a small proportion of the people who are exposed to these antigens develop HP, which implies a complex interplay between host genetic factors and environmental agents. The genetic susceptibility is likely determined by polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules.

• #1 What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis? | Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.actionpf.org/information-support/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) affects thousands people in the UK. It is caused when an immune response occurs in the lungs following exposure to a substance in the workplace or home. […] More than two hundred antigens have been associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Common ones include dusts from bird feathers and droppings, moulds found on hay, straw and grain, dampness in the home, metalworking fluids and some medications. […] Doctors believe that the immune response occurs as a consequence of repeated, often low-level exposure to these antigens over a period of time. […] Scientists believe that genetic factors may explain why some people are more likely to develop the disease.

• #1

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/understanding-pff/about-pulmonary-fibrosis/causes

  Examples of autoimmune diseases that can cause PF include: Rheumatoid arthritis; Scleroderma (also called systemic sclerosis); Sjgrens syndrome; and Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and antisynthetase syndrome. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is scarring of the lung where the cause is not known. […] Although IPF is considered to be a disease of unknown cause, we do know some factors that increase the risk of getting IPF, including aging (IPF is rare before age 50), cigarette smoking, and having certain genetic predispositions. […] There have been several genes identified that appear to increase the risk of developing PF when an abnormal form of the gene is inherited. […] Are there specific types of PF where the entire disease is due to one gene? Yes. There are rare genetic forms of PF that can affect both children and adults when just a single gene is inherited in an abnormal form (usually from both parents). […] In the case of pulmonary fibrosis, there are currently no treatments or preventive care options based on genetic testing, but this is the goal for the future.

• #1 Pneumonitis: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319451

  Risk factors include: lifestyle habits, such as smoking, genetics, age, as it usually affects those between 50-55 years of age, environment and job, such as working around irritants or large public crowds, sex, as the condition may be slightly more common in women than men, bird-handling, hot tubs and humidifiers, certain cancer treatments. […] Pneumonitis can cause permanent damage to the lungs if it is not treated early. […] Pneumonitis can lead to severe complications if it is not treated, so people should be aware of the symptoms.

• #1 Pneumontis | Lung Care | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/lung-care-pulmonology/conditions/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is a lung condition that occurs when an irritant causes inflammation in the lungs. […] Pneumonitis is caused by breathing in irritants such as mold, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals found in animal fur, bird droppings, hot tubs, contaminated foods, or humidifiers. […] You may develop pneumonitis if you breathe in substances that irritate the lungs’ alveoli (small air sacs). […] Substances such as mold, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals can trigger pneumonitis. […] Antibiotics, chemotherapy medications for arrhythmia medications may also cause pneumonitis. […] There are a variety of factors that can increase your risk of developing pneumonitis. […] Risk factors include: Occupation- professions where you are regularly exposed to irritants may increase your risk of developing pneumonitis. […] Genetic predisposition – people with a genetic predisposition to pneumonitis are more likely to develop the condition. […] Cancer treatments – patients who are taking specific chemo drugs or get radiation therapy are at higher risk of developing pneumonitis.

• #1 Pneumonitis – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonitis-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Bird droppings may also cause pneumonitis. […] Furry animals, contaminated food items are also some of the common culprits that lead to allergic reactions and pneumonitis. […] Smoking and industrial pollutants also can put you at risk of having inflamed lungs and breathing issues. […] Drugs: Many drugs can cause pneumonitis, such as some antibiotics, many types of chemotherapy drugs and medicines which keep your heartbeat regular. An overdose of aspirin may cause pneumonitis. […] Radiation treatments: A few individuals who undergo radiation therapy to the chest, like for breast or lung cancer, may develop pneumonitis.

• #1 Interstitial lung disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353108

  Interstitial lung disease can have many causes, including long-term exposure to hazardous materials such as asbestos. […] Some types of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, also can cause interstitial lung disease. […] Interstitial lung disease seems to occur when an injury to your lungs causes a healing response that isn’t proper. […] Tissue in and around the lungs’ air sacs, called alveoli, becomes inflamed, scarred and thickened. […] There are many types of interstitial lung disease. They’re generally grouped by known or unknown causes: Your work or the environment, an underlying systemic condition, certain types of medicines, or radiation, and no known cause. […] Some interstitial lung diseases can be related to smoking. […] Certain diseases or conditions may lead to interstitial lung disease.

• #1 What is non-specific interstitial pneumonia? | Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.actionpf.org/information-support/what-is-non-specific-interstitial-pneumonia

  Non-specific interstitial pneumonia can be associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogrens syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. […] It can also be idiopathic, which means no specific cause can be identified.

• #1 Pneumonitis: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319451

  Pneumonitis happens when an allergic reaction occurs in the lungs after inhaling certain substances. It is also known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] Pneumonitis tends to occur when an irritating substance of any kind is introduced to the lungs. When this happens, tiny air sacs in the lungs become inflamed, making it difficult to breathe and causing other symptoms. […] In most cases, the irritants that cause pneumonitis in the first place are never identified. […] The causes behind pneumonitis vary and can include: molds and bacteria, radiation treatment, usually when targeting the chest area, drugs and antibiotics, including some used in chemotherapy or to control the heartbeat, exposure to birds, bird feathers, or excrement. […] Pneumonitis has many risk factors associated with it.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17898-hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  COVID-19 isn’t a known cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but it can cause lung inflammation that sometimes looks like HP. There’s also evidence that it may make existing HP worse. […] To successfully treat hypersensitivity pneumonitis, you have to stay away from the cause. […] The damage chronic HP causes isn’t reversible. The best way to prevent hypersensitivity pneumonitis is by avoiding exposure to allergens that cause lung inflammation. […] With continued exposure to an allergen that causes HP, you can have serious complications, including: Scarring in your lungs (pulmonary fibrosis), High blood pressure between your heart and lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The outlook for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis depends on the damage to your lungs. If you don’t have lung scarring, research suggests you can have significant improvement within a year of diagnosis. For those with lung scarring, HP is often fatal within a few years without a lung transplant. […] Life expectancy of someone with hypersensitivity pneumonitis depends on the severity of damage to their lungs. A lung transplant can extend your life past these expected timelines.

• #1 What Is Pneumonitis?

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is when your lungs are irritated, or inflamed. Almost anything can cause it, including germs, medication, and allergies. Breathing in harsh chemicals, like bleach, can also bring on the condition. Typically, when your doctor says pneumonitis, they mean something has irritated your lungs rather than infected them. […] The cause isnt always clear, but some reasons are: […] This is when your lungs have an allergic reaction to a chemical, mold, or other substance. Its sometimes called hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Common causes include: […] It could be that a virus or bacteria has infected your lungs. This is different from an allergic reaction. Your doctor will usually call that pneumonia.

• #1

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/conditions/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is the general term for the inflammation of lung tissue; however pneumonitis caused by an infection is known as pneumonia. The condition is especially common among children, older adults, and people with impaired immune systems. […] There are 2 main types of pneumonitis: Infectious Pneumonitis aka Pneumonia. A lung infection that causes inflammation and swelling of the air sacs in the lungs. The type of infection can vary, and may include viruses, bacteria, and fungi. […] Non-Infectious Pneumonitis occurs from, for example, inhaling substances or toxins that irritate the lungs. Such substances include smoke, dust, and some volatile chemicals. Additionally, certain (few) antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and anti-arrhythmic medications can also produce pneumonitis. […] Pneumonitis can occur at any age; however, infectious cases (pneumonia) are common among children under 2 years of age and older adults. Pneumonia is also quite common among those with underlying risk factors.

• #1 Identifying causation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a British perspective | BMJ Open Respiratory Research

  https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000469

  Establishing whether patients are exposed to a known cause is a key element in both the diagnostic assessment and the subsequent management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). […] Identifying exposure to a known cause of HP remains a key element, both in the diagnostic approach for patients with unexplained ILD and in the management of confirmed HP. […] Participants estimated that they are able to identify a cause in 32% (IQR 20%50%) of patients diagnosed with HP. […] There was a high level of consensus agreement among participants that identifying exposure to a known cause of HP is important, both for the assessment of patients with unexplained ILD and the management of patients with confirmed disease. […] There was also a clear consensus view that in many cases of HP in Britain it is not possible to identify a cause, and that there are identifiable barriers that contribute to this in day-to-day clinical practice.

• #1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499918/

  The most commonly reported occupational exposures that can cause HP and their specific names are: Farmer’s lung: Seen in agricultural workers involved mostly in livestock farming. Bird or Pigeon fanciers lung: Caused by exposure to organic antigens in bird (particularly pigeon) excreta. […] The incidence and prevalence are variable largely due to lack of internationally accepted diagnostic criteria, seasonal and geographical variability in antigen exposures and other host factors. […] The offending antigen or chemical agent initially triggers an immune complex-mediated (type III) hypersensitivity reaction after initial sensitization. […] The mechanism behind progression to fibrosis is not clearly understood. There is thought to be a shift to the increased TH2 response that promotes collagen deposition and fibrosis. […] The cornerstone of treatment is prompt diagnosis and eradication of the causative agent from the patients environment. […] Even though corticosteroids are widely prescribed, there are no clinical trials that have shown a reversal of the disease in severe cases.

• #2 Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24810-pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is inflammation in your lung tissue. Causes include irritants such as chemicals, allergens and certain treatments for other conditions. […] Pneumonitis causes inflammation in the alveoli in your lungs. Causes may include fumes, bacteria, animal dander, dust or certain therapies. […] There are many different possible pneumonitis causes. Common causes include: Animals. Animal fur, feathers and skin contain allergens that may cause inflammation. Bacteria. The bacteria commonly appear in humidifiers, hot tubs and heating and air conditioning systems. Drugs and medicines. Certain drugs and medications may cause pneumonitis, including aspirin, antibiotics (sulfonamides and nitrofurantoin), heart medicines (amiodarone) and chemotherapy drugs. Molds. Examples include mold that grows on hay, straw, grains, cheese, mushrooms and sugar cane. Radiation therapy. Pneumonitis may develop after whole-body or chest radiation therapies to treat certain cancers, including breast cancer or lung cancer. […] Long-term exposure to irritants that cause pneumonitis may cause serious, irreversible lung damage.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Pneumonitis.aspx

  Pneumonitis is an inflammatory respiratory condition caused by acute or chronic exposure to irritating antigens in the environment. […] A secondary delayed reaction to repeated and long-term exposure to organic dust of vegetable or animal origin is the main cause of pneumonitis. […] In addition to environmental antigens, reports in the literature have indicated that pneumonitis may occur in patients with cancer after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, namely PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors. […] Continuous exposure to a causative pathogen leads to chronic pneumonitis. […] A correct diagnosis of pneumonitis relies on a careful review of the patients medical history and a full interview to identify relevant occupational and environmental triggers. […] Since the mainstay of treatment for pneumonitis is complete avoidance of the triggering antigen, clinicians may wish to identify the suspected causative agent by analyzing specific precipitating antibodies in the serum.

• #2 Pneumonitis.: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is a general term for inflammation of lung tissue. Chronic inflammation of lung tissue can lead to irreversible scarring (pulmonary fibrosis). Pneumonitis is not a specific disease but a sign of an underlying problem. […] Causes of pneumonitis include: […] Adverse reaction to a drug or toxic chemical; many household and industrial chemicals can cause acute and chronic pneumonitis: […] Radiation therapy. […] Sepsis: the body’s inflammatory response to infection. […] It is common, if all causes of pneumonitis are considered. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis accounts for between 4-15% of all reported cases of interstitial lung disease. […] Late-diagnosed chronic pneumonitis may lead to progressive, irreversible lung disease.

• #2 Pneumonitis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is a result of an extra strong defense response by the body’s immune system to an irritating substance. Common causes of pneumonitis include airborne irritants at a job, in the home or from hobbies. Other causes include some cancer treatments and many different medicines. […] Many causes have been linked to pneumonitis. But it’s not clear why some people have a strong immune system response to certain substances that cause pneumonitis, while others do not. For many people, the specific substance causing the inflammation is never identified. […] Some types of pneumonitis include hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis and radiation-induced pneumonitis. […] Many medicines can cause pneumonitis. But the exact reason why certain medicines cause inflamed lung tissue isn’t clear. It’s possible that some medicines may irritate lung cells, and then the immune system has a strong response that causes inflammation.

• #2 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis): Epidemiology, causes, and pathogenesis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-extrinsic-allergic-alveolitis-epidemiology-causes-and-pathogenesis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a complex syndrome of varying intensity, clinical presentation, and natural history rather than a single, uniform disease. It represents an immunologic reaction to an inhaled agent, particularly an organic antigen, occurring within the pulmonary parenchyma. Numerous inciting agents have been described, including, but not limited to, agricultural dusts, bioaerosols, and certain reactive chemical species. […] The major sources of these agents are discussed in the text, while the individual causes are listed in the tables. […] The overall prevalence and incidence of HP are thought to be low, but estimates vary considerably depending upon case definitions, intensity of exposure to inciting antigens, season, geographical conditions, local practices and customs, proximity to certain industries, and host risk factors.

• #2 Learn About Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis/learn-about-hypersensitivity

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused when you breathe in a specific substance (allergen) that triggers an allergic reaction in your body. These allergens are often naturally occurring such as bird feathers or droppings, household mold and animal dander. […] There are more than 300 known substances have been known to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Some commonly seen problems are given specific names related to the source of the allergen, including: […] Farmer’s lung: seen in farmers and cattle workers, this condition is caused by breathing in mold that grows on hay, straw and grain. […] Bird fancier’s lung: (also called pigeon breeder’s disease) caused by breathing particles from feathers or droppings of many species of birds. […] Humidifier lung: can develop by breathing in fungus growing in humidifiers, air conditioners and heating systems, particularly if they are not well maintained. […] Hot tub lung: may develop by breathing in bacteria that may be found in the water vapor coming from indoor hot tubs.

• #2 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can happen when you repeatedly breathe in bacteria, mold, or chemicals in your environment that cause inflammation in your lungs. […] These harmful substances may be found in: Air conditioners, humidifiers, and ventilation systems; Bird droppings, feathers, and animal furs; Contaminated foods or factory products; Contaminated fluids from metal work; Hardwood dusts; Hay or grain for feeding animals; Hot tubs. […] If you have hypersensitivity pneumonitis, your body’s immune system reacts strongly to these substances. Differences in our immune systems may explain why some people have strong reactions after breathing in certain substances while others do not.

• #2 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499918/

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) classified as an interstitial lung disease is characterized by a complex immunological reaction of the lung parenchyma in response to repetitive inhalation of a sensitized allergen. Since these initial observations, numerous exposures have been described from all over the world that causes HP. […] Numerous organic antigens can induce this immune response and cause a specific form of the disease in susceptible individuals. More than 300 antigens that span over a wide range of occupations have been described to cause HP. These antigens can be broadly classified into bacteria, fungi, animal proteins, plant proteins, low molecular weight chemicals, and metals. […] Interestingly only a small proportion of the people who are exposed to these antigens develop HP, which implies a complex interplay between host genetic factors and environmental agents. The genetic susceptibility is likely determined by polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules.

• #2 Identifying causation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a British perspective | BMJ Open Respiratory Research

  https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000469

  Establishing whether patients are exposed to a known cause is a key element in both the diagnostic assessment and the subsequent management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). […] Identifying exposure to a known cause of HP remains a key element, both in the diagnostic approach for patients with unexplained ILD and in the management of confirmed HP. […] Participants estimated that they are able to identify a cause in 32% (IQR 20%50%) of patients diagnosed with HP. […] There was a high level of consensus agreement among participants that identifying exposure to a known cause of HP is important, both for the assessment of patients with unexplained ILD and the management of patients with confirmed disease. […] There was also a clear consensus view that in many cases of HP in Britain it is not possible to identify a cause, and that there are identifiable barriers that contribute to this in day-to-day clinical practice.

• #2 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs due to breathing in dust, fungus, molds, or other substances. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually occurs in people who work in places where there are high levels of dust, fungus, or molds. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may also be caused by: […] Bird fancier’s lung is caused by exposure to proteins found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds. This is the most common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] Farmer’s lung is caused by exposure to dust from moldy hay, straw, and grain.

• #2 Pneumonitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623

  Pneumonitis is a result of an extra strong defense response by the body’s immune system to an irritating substance. Common causes of pneumonitis include airborne irritants at a job, in the home or from hobbies. […] Many causes have been linked to pneumonitis. But it’s not clear why some people have a strong immune system response to certain substances that cause pneumonitis, while others do not. For many people, the specific substance causing the inflammation is never identified. […] Some types of pneumonitis include hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis and radiation-induced pneumonitis. […] Many medicines can cause pneumonitis. But the exact reason why certain medicines cause inflamed lung tissue isn’t clear. It’s possible that some medicines may irritate lung cells, and then the immune system has a strong response that causes inflammation. […] Some medicines used to treat cancer can cause pneumonitis. So can radiation therapy to the lungs and chest. The combination of the two raises the risk of pneumonitis even more.

• #2 Pneumonitis vs. Pneumonia: Defined, on X-Ray, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pneumonitis-vs-pneumonia-8401596

  „Pneumonitis” is a general term for lung inflammation. It may be caused by exposure to environmental substances (allergens), certain medicines, chest radiation therapy, or inhaling acidic stomach contents (aspiration). […] Several possible causes of pneumonitis exist, meaning multiple substances can irritate and inflame the lungs of a susceptible person. The substances causing the inflammation help to categorize pneumonitis into different types. […] Other types of pneumonitis include: Aspiration pneumonitis is caused by inhaling acidic stomach fluid. Drug-induced pneumonitis is caused by taking certain medications, like some types of chemotherapy, Cordarone/Pacerone (amiodarone), and the antibiotic Macrobid (nitrofurantoin). Radiation-induced pneumonitis is caused by radiation to the chest (used to treat certain cancers, like breast or lung). […] Pneumonitis is lung inflammation that may be caused by exposure to naturally occurring substances in the environment, certain drugs, radiation therapy, or aspiration (inhalation of acidic stomach contents).

• #2 Pneumonitis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonitis?content_id=CON-20303988

  Some people who have radiation therapy to the chest, such as for breast or lung cancer, may get pneumonitis. Pneumonitis also can happen after whole-body radiation therapy that’s done to prepare a person for a bone marrow transplant. Symptoms usually appear in the first few months after radiation treatment is finished.

• #2 Pneumonitis | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/support/side-effects/pulmonary-side-effects/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is inflammation (swelling) of the lungs. […] It can be caused by: Breathing in a toxin or allergen. […] A tumor. […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Treatment with certain medications. […] Pneumonitis caused by chemotherapy may start after a few days of getting it. […] Whether or not you get pneumonitis from radiation depends on the amount of lung tissue treated by radiation. […] Radiation treatment that affects lung tissue and chemotherapy given at the same time may increase your level of pneumonitis.

• #2 Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/pneumonia/aspiration-pneumonitis-and-pneumonia

  Aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia are caused by inhaling toxic and/or irritant substances, most commonly large volumes of upper airway secretions or gastric contents, into the lungs. […] Multiple substances are directly toxic to the lungs or stimulate an inflammatory response when aspirated; gastric acid is the most common such aspirated substance, but others include petroleum products (particularly of low viscosity, such as petroleum jelly) and laxative oils (such as mineral, castor, and paraffin oil). […] Gastric contents cause damage mainly due to gastric acid, although food and other ingested material (eg, activated charcoal as in treatment of overdose) are injurious in quantity. […] Gram-negative enteric pathogens and oral anaerobes are the most frequent pathogens in aspiration pneumonia. […] Aspiration pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics; treatment of aspiration pneumonitis is primarily supportive. […] Secondary prevention of aspiration using various measures is a key component of care for affected patients.

• #2 Pneumonitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs. It can cause difficulty breathing and other symptoms such as shortness of breath and a cough, depending on the cause. Pneumonitis treatment depends on the underlying cause. There are several causes of pneumonitis, including irritation, side effects of some medical treatments, and infection of the lungs, also known as pneumonia. Sometimes, doctors cannot find an underlying cause of pneumonitis. […] Pneumonitis occurs when something triggers inflammation in and around the alveoli and bronchioles in the lungs. This can make it hard for air to flow through the lungs and for effective gas exchange to take place. […] Possible causes include: Allergens: These can include fungi, molds, dust, and animal dander, excrement, or feathers, among hundreds of others. Infections: Contraction of an infection, including from bacterial, fungal, or viral causes — for example, COVID-19 — may cause pneumonitis. Chemicals and other irritating substances: Chemical irritation can happen due to gases, fumes, oils, industrial fluids, dust, and gastric acid and other stomach or mouth contents. Drugs: Certain drugs and medications, including some cancer chemotherapy agents and antibiotics, can result in pneumonitis as a side effect. Radiation: Radiation therapy may directly irritate the lung tissue and cause a reaction. In some cases, the cause is not identifiable. […] The causes of pneumonitis include infections from pathogens as well as other forms of irritation to the lungs, such as chemical or allergenic irritation. These irritants can cause pneumonitis after being inhaled or aspirated.

• #2

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/understanding-pff/types-of-pulmonary-fibrosis/environmental

  One of the subgroups of interstitial lung disease is those that are related to environmental exposures, referred to as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) results from the lungs reaction to inhaled organic particles or antigens. This reaction can involve inflammation or scarring (also known as fibrosis), or a combination of both. […] HP is the result of a reaction to inhaling particles or antigens in the air. Some of the antigens that may cause HP include airborne mold, airborne dusts from birds or feathers, hot tub use, and humidifier use. In some cases, the antigen cannot be identified. On the other hand, some people never become ill despite exposure to antigens known to cause HP. Genetic differences might explain why this occurs.

• #2 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/interstitial-lung-diseases/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a type of inflammation in and around the tiny air sacs (alveoli) and smallest airways (bronchioles) of the lung caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled organic dusts or, less commonly, chemicals. […] Many substances can cause hypersensitivity reactions in the lungs. Organic dusts that contain microorganisms or proteins, and chemicals, such as isocyanates, may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Farmer’s lung, which results from repeated inhalation of heat-loving (thermophilic) bacteria in moldy hay, is a well-known example of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Bird fancier’s lung is another example. It occurs when dust from the droppings or feathers of birds (either on living birds or in pillows and comforters) is inhaled. […] Lung damage appears to result from damage done by lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Initial exposures to the dusts sensitize lymphocytes. Some lymphocytes then help to produce antibodies that play a role in tissue damage. Other lymphocytes participate directly in inflammation after subsequent antigen exposure. Recurrent exposure to the antigen results in a chronic inflammatory response, which is manifested by a buildup of white blood cells in the walls of the alveoli and small airways. This buildup leads progressively to symptoms and disease.

• #2 Pneumontis | Lung Care | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/lung-care-pulmonology/conditions/pneumonitis

  Pneumonitis is a lung condition that occurs when an irritant causes inflammation in the lungs. […] Pneumonitis is caused by breathing in irritants such as mold, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals found in animal fur, bird droppings, hot tubs, contaminated foods, or humidifiers. […] You may develop pneumonitis if you breathe in substances that irritate the lungs’ alveoli (small air sacs). […] Substances such as mold, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals can trigger pneumonitis. […] Antibiotics, chemotherapy medications for arrhythmia medications may also cause pneumonitis. […] There are a variety of factors that can increase your risk of developing pneumonitis. […] Risk factors include: Occupation- professions where you are regularly exposed to irritants may increase your risk of developing pneumonitis. […] Genetic predisposition – people with a genetic predisposition to pneumonitis are more likely to develop the condition. […] Cancer treatments – patients who are taking specific chemo drugs or get radiation therapy are at higher risk of developing pneumonitis.

• #2 Interstitial lung disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353108

  These include autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. […] Certain types of medicines can cause interstitial lung disease in some people. […] The list of substances and conditions that can lead to interstitial lung disease is long. […] Conditions without a known cause are grouped together under the label of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. […] IPF is a typically progressive lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred what’s known as fibrosis.

• #2

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/understanding-pff/about-pulmonary-fibrosis/causes

  Examples of autoimmune diseases that can cause PF include: Rheumatoid arthritis; Scleroderma (also called systemic sclerosis); Sjgrens syndrome; and Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and antisynthetase syndrome. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is scarring of the lung where the cause is not known. […] Although IPF is considered to be a disease of unknown cause, we do know some factors that increase the risk of getting IPF, including aging (IPF is rare before age 50), cigarette smoking, and having certain genetic predispositions. […] There have been several genes identified that appear to increase the risk of developing PF when an abnormal form of the gene is inherited. […] Are there specific types of PF where the entire disease is due to one gene? Yes. There are rare genetic forms of PF that can affect both children and adults when just a single gene is inherited in an abnormal form (usually from both parents). […] In the case of pulmonary fibrosis, there are currently no treatments or preventive care options based on genetic testing, but this is the goal for the future.

• #2 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: causes, symptoms & treatment

  https://www.drsheetusingh.com/blog/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhaling substances(allergens) that provoke an immunological reaction in your lungs. […] Around 300 different causes of HP have been identified, including: Bacteria, Certain chemicals and metals, Molds and fungi, Animal and plant proteins, Humidifiers, air conditioners, and ventilation systems, Food contamination or factory products, Bird dropping, feathers, and animal furs, Contaminated fluids from metalwork, Hay or gain for feeding animals, Hardwood dust, Hot tubs. […] If HP is not treat properly, it can result in pulmonary hypertension, permanent lung damage, or heart failure.

• #2 Pneumonitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumonitis?lang=us

  Pneumonitis may be infectious or non-infectious, although infectious pneumonitis is more commonly referred to as pneumonia. There is a wide range of non-infectious causes, including: aspiration pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, radiation-induced, e.g. radiation pneumonitis, radiation recall pneumonitis, autoimmune disease, e.g. acute lupus pneumonitis, collagen vascular disease-related interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease, e.g. lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonitis, chronic interstitial pneumonitis, drug-induced, pemetrexed-induced pneumonitis, pembrolizumab-induced pneumonitis, crizotinib-associated interstitial pneumonitis, thalidomide-induced interstitial pneumonitis, docetaxel induced interstitial pneumonitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy related pneumonitis, rituximab induced pneumonitis.

• #3 Pneumonitis – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonitis-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Bird droppings may also cause pneumonitis. […] Furry animals, contaminated food items are also some of the common culprits that lead to allergic reactions and pneumonitis. […] Smoking and industrial pollutants also can put you at risk of having inflamed lungs and breathing issues. […] Drugs: Many drugs can cause pneumonitis, such as some antibiotics, many types of chemotherapy drugs and medicines which keep your heartbeat regular. An overdose of aspirin may cause pneumonitis. […] Radiation treatments: A few individuals who undergo radiation therapy to the chest, like for breast or lung cancer, may develop pneumonitis.

Zobacz więcej