Pierwotne stwardnienie boczne
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Pierwotne stwardnienie boczne (PLS) to rzadkie schorzenie neurodegeneracyjne, charakteryzujące się selektywnym uszkodzeniem górnych neuronów ruchowych przy zachowaniu funkcji dolnych neuronów ruchowych. W odróżnieniu od stwardnienia zanikowego bocznego (ALS), PLS cechuje się znacznie korzystniejszym rokowaniem oraz długim czasem przeżycia, z medianą przekraczającą 10 lat (7,2–14,5 lat). Progresja choroby jest powolna i nieregularna, obejmując rozprzestrzenianie się objawów na kolejne regiony układu nerwowego oraz narastanie nasilenia symptomów w zajętych obszarach. Wyróżnia się podtypy kliniczne PLS-A (asymetryczny) i PLS-M (mieszany), które różnią się przewidywalnością rozprzestrzeniania objawów, przy czym tempo progresji jest wolniejsze niż w ALS. PLS nie wpływa istotnie na oczekiwaną długość życia, jednak postępująca niepełnosprawność ruchowa znacząco obniża jakość życia pacjentów.

Rokowanie w Pierwotnym Stwardnieniu Bocznym (PLS)

Pierwotne stwardnienie boczne (PLS) to rzadkie schorzenie neurodegeneracyjne charakteryzujące się selektywnym uszkodzeniem górnych neuronów ruchowych, z oszczędzeniem dolnych neuronów ruchowych. W przeciwieństwie do stwardnienia zanikowego bocznego (ALS), rokowanie w PLS jest znacznie korzystniejsze, co stanowi kluczowy element różnicujący te dwie jednostki chorobowe.12

Przeżywalność i czas trwania choroby

PLS charakteryzuje się długim czasem przeżycia, co wyraźnie odróżnia je od ALS. Mediana czasu przeżycia wynosi ponad dekadę od początku objawów, a często znacznie dłużej.13 Badania wskazują, że średni czas trwania choroby waha się od 7,2 do 14,5 lat, przy czym w jednym z badań obserwacyjnych średni czas trwania choroby wynosił 14 lat przy średnim okresie obserwacji 6,6 lat.45

Co istotne, PLS nie wpływa bezpośrednio na oczekiwaną długość życia. Osoby z PLS mają taką samą przewidywaną długość życia jak osoby bez tego schorzenia, chociaż pogorszenie jakości życia może być znaczące z powodu postępującej niepełnosprawności ruchowej.67

Wzorce progresji choroby

Progresja PLS nie przebiega jednostajnie, lecz charakteryzuje się okresami szybszego pogorszenia i stabilizacji. Można wyróżnić co najmniej dwa komponenty progresji: rozprzestrzenianie się choroby na różne regiony układu nerwowego oraz narastanie nasilenia objawów w już zajętych regionach.8

Badania wykazały, że klasyfikacja pacjentów z PLS na podtypy kliniczne ma pewne znaczenie prognostyczne, głównie w przewidywaniu rozprzestrzeniania się objawów klinicznych:

  • Podtyp PLS-A (asymetryczny) – pacjenci wykazują stosunkowo przewidywalne rozprzestrzenianie się objawów uszkodzenia górnych neuronów ruchowych z jednego regionu do następnego, z dłuższym odstępem czasu między postępem od kończyn dolnych do górnych niż od kończyn górnych do regionów czaszkowych.9
  • Podtyp PLS-M (mieszany) – pacjenci mają najmniej przewidywalny przebieg kliniczny.10

Interesujące jest to, że zarówno w podtypie PLS-A, jak i PLS-M, nasilenie objawów postępuje szybko po ich pojawieniu się w kończynie, a następnie stabilizuje się.11

Tempo progresji

Tempo progresji PLS jest znacznie wolniejsze niż w przypadku ALS. Średnio, progresja pierwotnego stwardnienia bocznego jest powolna i następuje na przestrzeni wielu lat lub dekad.1213 U niektórych pacjentów progresja może trwać nawet do 20 lat.14

Pogorszenie funkcji motorycznych różni się między podtypami PLS głównie w zakresie rozprzestrzeniania się objawów. Jednakże niezależnie od podtypu, PLS cechuje się stosunkowo przewidywalnym wzorcem progresji z okresami szybszego pogorszenia po objęciu nowego regionu ciała.15

Wyzwania w ocenie progresji

Powolna progresja PLS stwarza wyzwania w zakresie monitorowania przebiegu choroby i oceny skuteczności interwencji terapeutycznych w ramach badań klinicznych. Tradycyjne skale stosowane w ALS, takie jak ALSFRS-R, okazują się mniej czułe w przypadku PLS.16

W odpowiedzi na te wyzwania opracowano specyficzną dla PLS skalę klinimetryczną – PLSFRS, która wykazuje większą czułość w wykrywaniu zmian w porównaniu do ALSFRS-R. Badania wykazały, że PLSFRS rejestruje spadek o 34% miesięcznie w kohorcie pacjentów z PLS, co stanowi znacznie szybszy wskaźnik zmian niż w przypadku ALSFRS-R.17

Wyzwania związane z zastosowaniem skal oceniających objawy uszkodzenia górnych neuronów ruchowych jako miary wyników w badaniach klinicznych PLS obejmują:18

  • Wielu uczestników może mieć maksymalne lub prawie maksymalne wyniki dla odruchów i spastyczności, z niewielkim zakresem dynamicznym w całkowitych wynikach tych skal
  • Klinicznie istotne zmiany w wynikach mogą zachodzić zbyt wolno, aby zaobserwować wymierną zmianę w typowym okresie badania klinicznego
  • Jednoczesne stosowanie leków takich jak baklofen lub dekstrometorfan-chinidyna może maskować objawy uszkodzenia górnych neuronów ruchowych

Funkcjonowanie i jakość życia

Wraz z postępem PLS pacjenci mogą doświadczać trudności w poruszaniu się bez pomocy. W miarę progresji choroby może być konieczne korzystanie z laski, chodzika lub wózka inwalidzkiego.1920

Chociaż PLS nie jest uważane za bezpośrednio zagrażające życiu, może stopniowo wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów, ponieważ coraz więcej mięśni ulega dysfunkcji. Osłabienie mięśni może prowadzić do upadków, co skutkuje urazami. Problemy z żuciem i połykaniem mogą prowadzić do niedożywienia. Wykonywanie codziennych czynności, takich jak kąpiel i ubieranie się, może stać się trudne.21

Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy

Ze względu na podobieństwo wczesnych objawów PLS do ALS, zaleca się postawienie diagnozy PLS dopiero po co najmniej 3-4 latach trwania objawów.22 Dokładna diagnoza umożliwia badanie bardziej jednorodnych grup pacjentów, co prowadzi do lepszego zrozumienia patofizjologii choroby i potencjalnie do identyfikacji możliwych terapii modyfikujących przebieg choroby.23

Podejście terapeutyczne a rokowanie

Chociaż nie ma lekarstwa na PLS, leczenie koncentruje się na łagodzeniu objawów i zapewnieniu wsparcia w zakresie mobilności. Leki mogą skutecznie zmniejszać objawy i pomagać pacjentom w codziennym funkcjonowaniu.2425

Ze względów bezpieczeństwa i w celu zwiększenia niezależności pacjenta zaleca się korzystanie z pomocy ortopedycznych, takich jak laska, chodzik lub wózek inwalidzki.26

Warto zauważyć, że nagłe pogorszenie objawów powinno skłonić pacjenta do kontaktu z lekarzem, gdyż może wskazywać na zmianę w przebiegu choroby lub pojawienie się dodatkowych komplikacji.27

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    To determine whether rates and patterns of progression differ among Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) patients. […] Forty-seven patients continued to fulfill criteria for PLS over a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, with a mean disease duration 14 years. PLS-A patients had more predictable progression to additional body regions. Severity progressed faster in newly affected regions followed by stabilization in PLS-A or PLS-M subtypes. […] Clinical progression in PLS does not occur steadily, but has periods of faster decline upon spreading to a newly affected region. Classification of PLS patients by subtype is more relevant to predicting the spread of disease, but not progression of severity. […] Survival is a key feature that distinguishes PLS from ALS, with median survival time of more than a decade in PLS.
  • #2 Primary Lateral Sclerosis: An Overview
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/578
    Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes the selective deterioration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), sparing the lower motor neuron (LMN) system. The clinical course is defined by a progressive motor disability due to muscle spasticity which typically involves lower extremities and bulbar muscles. […] Although it may share, especially in the early phase, some clinical features overlapping with ALS, PLS is marked by the lack of clinical involvement of the lower motor neurons (LMNs), and by a more protracted clinical course with a better prognosis. […] The rate of progression is much slower than typically encountered in ALS, with an average disease duration ranging from 7.2 to 14.5 years. […] Depending on the patient’s age and comorbidities, the prognosis of PLS is at least a decade from the onset of symptoms and often significantly longer. […] The most accurate diagnosis possible will, in turn, allow us to study more homogeneous patient samples with a view to obtaining a better pathophysiological interpretation of the disease and, last but not least, to identify possible disease-modifying treatments.
  • #3 Primary Lateral Sclerosis: An Overview
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/578
    Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes the selective deterioration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), sparing the lower motor neuron (LMN) system. The clinical course is defined by a progressive motor disability due to muscle spasticity which typically involves lower extremities and bulbar muscles. […] Although it may share, especially in the early phase, some clinical features overlapping with ALS, PLS is marked by the lack of clinical involvement of the lower motor neurons (LMNs), and by a more protracted clinical course with a better prognosis. […] The rate of progression is much slower than typically encountered in ALS, with an average disease duration ranging from 7.2 to 14.5 years. […] Depending on the patient’s age and comorbidities, the prognosis of PLS is at least a decade from the onset of symptoms and often significantly longer. […] The most accurate diagnosis possible will, in turn, allow us to study more homogeneous patient samples with a view to obtaining a better pathophysiological interpretation of the disease and, last but not least, to identify possible disease-modifying treatments.
  • #4 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    To determine whether rates and patterns of progression differ among Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) patients. […] Forty-seven patients continued to fulfill criteria for PLS over a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, with a mean disease duration 14 years. PLS-A patients had more predictable progression to additional body regions. Severity progressed faster in newly affected regions followed by stabilization in PLS-A or PLS-M subtypes. […] Clinical progression in PLS does not occur steadily, but has periods of faster decline upon spreading to a newly affected region. Classification of PLS patients by subtype is more relevant to predicting the spread of disease, but not progression of severity. […] Survival is a key feature that distinguishes PLS from ALS, with median survival time of more than a decade in PLS.
  • #5 Primary Lateral Sclerosis: An Overview
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/578
    Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes the selective deterioration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), sparing the lower motor neuron (LMN) system. The clinical course is defined by a progressive motor disability due to muscle spasticity which typically involves lower extremities and bulbar muscles. […] Although it may share, especially in the early phase, some clinical features overlapping with ALS, PLS is marked by the lack of clinical involvement of the lower motor neurons (LMNs), and by a more protracted clinical course with a better prognosis. […] The rate of progression is much slower than typically encountered in ALS, with an average disease duration ranging from 7.2 to 14.5 years. […] Depending on the patient’s age and comorbidities, the prognosis of PLS is at least a decade from the onset of symptoms and often significantly longer. […] The most accurate diagnosis possible will, in turn, allow us to study more homogeneous patient samples with a view to obtaining a better pathophysiological interpretation of the disease and, last but not least, to identify possible disease-modifying treatments.
  • #6 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    PLS is a rare neuromuscular condition. […] Theres no cure for PLS. Treatment helps manage your symptoms. […] Because theres no cure for PLS, treatment focuses on managing your symptoms and providing mobility support like using a cane or a walker. […] Most cases that look like PLS are actually early stages of UMN-predominant ALS that eventually develop into ALS. For this reason, a diagnosis of PLS should only be made after you experience symptoms for at least three to four years. […] As PLS progresses, you may have trouble walking without assistance. You might need to use a cane, a walker or a wheelchair. […] Unfortunately, theres no cure available for primary lateral sclerosis. […] PLS doesnt directly affect your life expectancy. If you have PLS, youll have the same lifespan as someone without the condition.
  • #7 Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353968
    PLS is often mistaken for another, more common motor neuron disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. While likely related to ALS, PLS gets worse more slowly than ALS. In most people, PLS isn’t fatal. […] It can take as long as 20 years for primary lateral sclerosis to progress and become worse. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people continue to walk, but others eventually need to use wheelchairs or other assistive devices. […] For most people, adult-onset PLS isn’t thought to shorten life expectancy. But it can gradually affect the quality of your life as more muscles become disabled. Weaker muscles can cause you to fall, which can result in injuries. Problems with chewing and swallowing may result in poor nutrition. Performing activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, may become hard.
  • #8 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    Progression has at least two components: spread of the disease to different regions of the nervous system and worsening of severity within an affected regions. […] Progression of motor dysfunction differed among the three subtypes primarily in the spread of symptoms. PLS-A patients had a relatively predictable spread of UMN symptoms and signs from one region to the next, with a longer interval between the advance from lower to upper extremities than from upper extremities to cranial regions. […] Interestingly, however, in both PLS-A and PLS-M subtypes, the severity progressed rapidly once symptoms began in a limb. […] In summary, these data show that progression in PLS is punctuated by periods of more rapid decline and stabilization. Measures of clinical severity do not decline continuously and may not accurately reflect the anatomical extent of the disease process. These findings highlight the need for developing better markers of upper motor neuron degeneration to complement clinical measures as outcomes in clinical trials. Classification of PLS patients into clinical subtypes on presentation may have some limited usefulness for prognostication, primarily for predicting the spread of clinical signs in the PLS-A subtype, and selecting candidates from PLS-SP for genetic testing of HSP genes. The PLS-M subtype of patients had the least predictable clinical course. However, in the absence of differences in age of onset, duration, survival or risk factors, there is little rationale at this time to search for different etiologies between PLS subtypes.
  • #9 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    Progression has at least two components: spread of the disease to different regions of the nervous system and worsening of severity within an affected regions. […] Progression of motor dysfunction differed among the three subtypes primarily in the spread of symptoms. PLS-A patients had a relatively predictable spread of UMN symptoms and signs from one region to the next, with a longer interval between the advance from lower to upper extremities than from upper extremities to cranial regions. […] Interestingly, however, in both PLS-A and PLS-M subtypes, the severity progressed rapidly once symptoms began in a limb. […] In summary, these data show that progression in PLS is punctuated by periods of more rapid decline and stabilization. Measures of clinical severity do not decline continuously and may not accurately reflect the anatomical extent of the disease process. These findings highlight the need for developing better markers of upper motor neuron degeneration to complement clinical measures as outcomes in clinical trials. Classification of PLS patients into clinical subtypes on presentation may have some limited usefulness for prognostication, primarily for predicting the spread of clinical signs in the PLS-A subtype, and selecting candidates from PLS-SP for genetic testing of HSP genes. The PLS-M subtype of patients had the least predictable clinical course. However, in the absence of differences in age of onset, duration, survival or risk factors, there is little rationale at this time to search for different etiologies between PLS subtypes.
  • #10 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    Progression has at least two components: spread of the disease to different regions of the nervous system and worsening of severity within an affected regions. […] Progression of motor dysfunction differed among the three subtypes primarily in the spread of symptoms. PLS-A patients had a relatively predictable spread of UMN symptoms and signs from one region to the next, with a longer interval between the advance from lower to upper extremities than from upper extremities to cranial regions. […] Interestingly, however, in both PLS-A and PLS-M subtypes, the severity progressed rapidly once symptoms began in a limb. […] In summary, these data show that progression in PLS is punctuated by periods of more rapid decline and stabilization. Measures of clinical severity do not decline continuously and may not accurately reflect the anatomical extent of the disease process. These findings highlight the need for developing better markers of upper motor neuron degeneration to complement clinical measures as outcomes in clinical trials. Classification of PLS patients into clinical subtypes on presentation may have some limited usefulness for prognostication, primarily for predicting the spread of clinical signs in the PLS-A subtype, and selecting candidates from PLS-SP for genetic testing of HSP genes. The PLS-M subtype of patients had the least predictable clinical course. However, in the absence of differences in age of onset, duration, survival or risk factors, there is little rationale at this time to search for different etiologies between PLS subtypes.
  • #11 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    Progression has at least two components: spread of the disease to different regions of the nervous system and worsening of severity within an affected regions. […] Progression of motor dysfunction differed among the three subtypes primarily in the spread of symptoms. PLS-A patients had a relatively predictable spread of UMN symptoms and signs from one region to the next, with a longer interval between the advance from lower to upper extremities than from upper extremities to cranial regions. […] Interestingly, however, in both PLS-A and PLS-M subtypes, the severity progressed rapidly once symptoms began in a limb. […] In summary, these data show that progression in PLS is punctuated by periods of more rapid decline and stabilization. Measures of clinical severity do not decline continuously and may not accurately reflect the anatomical extent of the disease process. These findings highlight the need for developing better markers of upper motor neuron degeneration to complement clinical measures as outcomes in clinical trials. Classification of PLS patients into clinical subtypes on presentation may have some limited usefulness for prognostication, primarily for predicting the spread of clinical signs in the PLS-A subtype, and selecting candidates from PLS-SP for genetic testing of HSP genes. The PLS-M subtype of patients had the least predictable clinical course. However, in the absence of differences in age of onset, duration, survival or risk factors, there is little rationale at this time to search for different etiologies between PLS subtypes.
  • #12 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    On average, the progression of primary lateral sclerosis is slow and happens over many years or decades. If you notice a sudden worsening of symptoms, contact your healthcare provider. […] Medications are effective in decreasing your symptoms and helping you go about your day without interruptions. For your safety, you may want to consider using a cane, walker or wheelchair to give you more independence and confidence when you move.
  • #13 Primary Lateral Sclerosis: An Overview
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/578
    Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes the selective deterioration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), sparing the lower motor neuron (LMN) system. The clinical course is defined by a progressive motor disability due to muscle spasticity which typically involves lower extremities and bulbar muscles. […] Although it may share, especially in the early phase, some clinical features overlapping with ALS, PLS is marked by the lack of clinical involvement of the lower motor neurons (LMNs), and by a more protracted clinical course with a better prognosis. […] The rate of progression is much slower than typically encountered in ALS, with an average disease duration ranging from 7.2 to 14.5 years. […] Depending on the patient’s age and comorbidities, the prognosis of PLS is at least a decade from the onset of symptoms and often significantly longer. […] The most accurate diagnosis possible will, in turn, allow us to study more homogeneous patient samples with a view to obtaining a better pathophysiological interpretation of the disease and, last but not least, to identify possible disease-modifying treatments.
  • #14 Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353968
    PLS is often mistaken for another, more common motor neuron disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. While likely related to ALS, PLS gets worse more slowly than ALS. In most people, PLS isn’t fatal. […] It can take as long as 20 years for primary lateral sclerosis to progress and become worse. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people continue to walk, but others eventually need to use wheelchairs or other assistive devices. […] For most people, adult-onset PLS isn’t thought to shorten life expectancy. But it can gradually affect the quality of your life as more muscles become disabled. Weaker muscles can cause you to fall, which can result in injuries. Problems with chewing and swallowing may result in poor nutrition. Performing activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, may become hard.
  • #15 Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis: a prospective analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434688/
    Progression has at least two components: spread of the disease to different regions of the nervous system and worsening of severity within an affected regions. […] Progression of motor dysfunction differed among the three subtypes primarily in the spread of symptoms. PLS-A patients had a relatively predictable spread of UMN symptoms and signs from one region to the next, with a longer interval between the advance from lower to upper extremities than from upper extremities to cranial regions. […] Interestingly, however, in both PLS-A and PLS-M subtypes, the severity progressed rapidly once symptoms began in a limb. […] In summary, these data show that progression in PLS is punctuated by periods of more rapid decline and stabilization. Measures of clinical severity do not decline continuously and may not accurately reflect the anatomical extent of the disease process. These findings highlight the need for developing better markers of upper motor neuron degeneration to complement clinical measures as outcomes in clinical trials. Classification of PLS patients into clinical subtypes on presentation may have some limited usefulness for prognostication, primarily for predicting the spread of clinical signs in the PLS-A subtype, and selecting candidates from PLS-SP for genetic testing of HSP genes. The PLS-M subtype of patients had the least predictable clinical course. However, in the absence of differences in age of onset, duration, survival or risk factors, there is little rationale at this time to search for different etiologies between PLS subtypes.
  • #16 Measuring Disease Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7899091/
    Quantitative measures of disease severity are essential outcome measures for clinical trials. The slow progression of disease in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) requires clinical measures that are sensitive to changes occurring within the time frame of a clinical trial. […] The PLS COSMOS study found that the ALSFRS-R is much less sensitive when applied to patients with PLS. […] This substantial difference between disease progression of ALS and PLS patients demonstrated the need for a more sensitive clinimetric scale, similar to the ALSFRS-R, for future clinical trials in PLS. […] This study demonstrated that the novel PLSFRS is a valid and reliable method to assess progression in PLS patients. […] The PLSFRS was shown to have a 34% decline/month among a cohort of patients with PLS, a significantly faster rate of change than the ALSFRS-R.
  • #17 Measuring Disease Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7899091/
    Quantitative measures of disease severity are essential outcome measures for clinical trials. The slow progression of disease in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) requires clinical measures that are sensitive to changes occurring within the time frame of a clinical trial. […] The PLS COSMOS study found that the ALSFRS-R is much less sensitive when applied to patients with PLS. […] This substantial difference between disease progression of ALS and PLS patients demonstrated the need for a more sensitive clinimetric scale, similar to the ALSFRS-R, for future clinical trials in PLS. […] This study demonstrated that the novel PLSFRS is a valid and reliable method to assess progression in PLS patients. […] The PLSFRS was shown to have a 34% decline/month among a cohort of patients with PLS, a significantly faster rate of change than the ALSFRS-R.
  • #18 Measuring Disease Progression in Primary Lateral Sclerosis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7899091/
    Challenges for using UMNB scales as an outcome for clinical trials in PLS include: (a) Many participants may have ceiling or near-ceiling scores for reflexes and spasticity without much dynamic range in the total scores of these scales to allow correlation analyses with other electrophysiological or imaging or clinical outcomes, (b) clinically meaningful changes in UMNB scores may occur too slowly to observe measurable change over the typical time frame of a clinical trial and (c) concomitant medications such as baclofen or dextromethorphan-quinidine may mask upper motor neuron signs. […] It is also unclear whether counting points for each hyperactive reflex provides a linear measure, since reflexes in the same limb are often correlated in PLS. […] Progress has been made to develop a PLS disease-specific clinimetric scale that measures functional progression and to validate its reliability when administered in person, by phone, and longitudinally. […] A longitudinal multi-national observational study using the PLSFRS, upper motor neuron scales, and simple quantitative motor measures would be optimal.
  • #19 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    PLS is a rare neuromuscular condition. […] Theres no cure for PLS. Treatment helps manage your symptoms. […] Because theres no cure for PLS, treatment focuses on managing your symptoms and providing mobility support like using a cane or a walker. […] Most cases that look like PLS are actually early stages of UMN-predominant ALS that eventually develop into ALS. For this reason, a diagnosis of PLS should only be made after you experience symptoms for at least three to four years. […] As PLS progresses, you may have trouble walking without assistance. You might need to use a cane, a walker or a wheelchair. […] Unfortunately, theres no cure available for primary lateral sclerosis. […] PLS doesnt directly affect your life expectancy. If you have PLS, youll have the same lifespan as someone without the condition.
  • #20 Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353968
    PLS is often mistaken for another, more common motor neuron disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. While likely related to ALS, PLS gets worse more slowly than ALS. In most people, PLS isn’t fatal. […] It can take as long as 20 years for primary lateral sclerosis to progress and become worse. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people continue to walk, but others eventually need to use wheelchairs or other assistive devices. […] For most people, adult-onset PLS isn’t thought to shorten life expectancy. But it can gradually affect the quality of your life as more muscles become disabled. Weaker muscles can cause you to fall, which can result in injuries. Problems with chewing and swallowing may result in poor nutrition. Performing activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, may become hard.
  • #21 Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353968
    PLS is often mistaken for another, more common motor neuron disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS. While likely related to ALS, PLS gets worse more slowly than ALS. In most people, PLS isn’t fatal. […] It can take as long as 20 years for primary lateral sclerosis to progress and become worse. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people continue to walk, but others eventually need to use wheelchairs or other assistive devices. […] For most people, adult-onset PLS isn’t thought to shorten life expectancy. But it can gradually affect the quality of your life as more muscles become disabled. Weaker muscles can cause you to fall, which can result in injuries. Problems with chewing and swallowing may result in poor nutrition. Performing activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, may become hard.
  • #22 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    PLS is a rare neuromuscular condition. […] Theres no cure for PLS. Treatment helps manage your symptoms. […] Because theres no cure for PLS, treatment focuses on managing your symptoms and providing mobility support like using a cane or a walker. […] Most cases that look like PLS are actually early stages of UMN-predominant ALS that eventually develop into ALS. For this reason, a diagnosis of PLS should only be made after you experience symptoms for at least three to four years. […] As PLS progresses, you may have trouble walking without assistance. You might need to use a cane, a walker or a wheelchair. […] Unfortunately, theres no cure available for primary lateral sclerosis. […] PLS doesnt directly affect your life expectancy. If you have PLS, youll have the same lifespan as someone without the condition.
  • #23 Primary Lateral Sclerosis: An Overview
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/578
    Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes the selective deterioration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), sparing the lower motor neuron (LMN) system. The clinical course is defined by a progressive motor disability due to muscle spasticity which typically involves lower extremities and bulbar muscles. […] Although it may share, especially in the early phase, some clinical features overlapping with ALS, PLS is marked by the lack of clinical involvement of the lower motor neurons (LMNs), and by a more protracted clinical course with a better prognosis. […] The rate of progression is much slower than typically encountered in ALS, with an average disease duration ranging from 7.2 to 14.5 years. […] Depending on the patient’s age and comorbidities, the prognosis of PLS is at least a decade from the onset of symptoms and often significantly longer. […] The most accurate diagnosis possible will, in turn, allow us to study more homogeneous patient samples with a view to obtaining a better pathophysiological interpretation of the disease and, last but not least, to identify possible disease-modifying treatments.
  • #24 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    PLS is a rare neuromuscular condition. […] Theres no cure for PLS. Treatment helps manage your symptoms. […] Because theres no cure for PLS, treatment focuses on managing your symptoms and providing mobility support like using a cane or a walker. […] Most cases that look like PLS are actually early stages of UMN-predominant ALS that eventually develop into ALS. For this reason, a diagnosis of PLS should only be made after you experience symptoms for at least three to four years. […] As PLS progresses, you may have trouble walking without assistance. You might need to use a cane, a walker or a wheelchair. […] Unfortunately, theres no cure available for primary lateral sclerosis. […] PLS doesnt directly affect your life expectancy. If you have PLS, youll have the same lifespan as someone without the condition.
  • #25 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    On average, the progression of primary lateral sclerosis is slow and happens over many years or decades. If you notice a sudden worsening of symptoms, contact your healthcare provider. […] Medications are effective in decreasing your symptoms and helping you go about your day without interruptions. For your safety, you may want to consider using a cane, walker or wheelchair to give you more independence and confidence when you move.
  • #26 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    On average, the progression of primary lateral sclerosis is slow and happens over many years or decades. If you notice a sudden worsening of symptoms, contact your healthcare provider. […] Medications are effective in decreasing your symptoms and helping you go about your day without interruptions. For your safety, you may want to consider using a cane, walker or wheelchair to give you more independence and confidence when you move.
  • #27 Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17986-primary-lateral-sclerosis
    On average, the progression of primary lateral sclerosis is slow and happens over many years or decades. If you notice a sudden worsening of symptoms, contact your healthcare provider. […] Medications are effective in decreasing your symptoms and helping you go about your day without interruptions. For your safety, you may want to consider using a cane, walker or wheelchair to give you more independence and confidence when you move.