Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/

  Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer that grows quickly, so treatment will usually begin a few days after a diagnosis has been confirmed. […] Treatment for AML is often carried out in 2 stages: induction this first stage of treatment aims to kill as many leukaemia cells in your blood and bone marrow as possible and treat any symptoms you may have […] consolidation this stage aims to prevent the cancer coming back (relapsing) by killing any remaining leukaemia cells in your body. […] The induction stage of treatment is not always successful and sometimes needs to be repeated before consolidation can begin. […] If you’re thought to have a high risk of experiencing complications of AML treatment (for example, if you’re over 75 or have another underlying health condition), less intensive chemotherapy treatment may be carried out.

• #2 Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/

  Because acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) develops quickly, treatment usually begins as soon as a diagnosis is made. […] Treatment will depend on the subtype, the genetic make-up of the AML, and your overall health and age. In most cases, your doctor will need the results of genetic tests and immunophenotyping to work out the best treatment for you. It may take up to 2 weeks for these results to come through. […] For younger people, chemotherapy is the main treatment (see below). Older people are generally treated with a lower intensity therapy, including an oral drug called venetoclax. You may have other treatments depending on the subtype and how the AML responds to the drugs you are given.

• #3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes a large number of abnormal blood cells. […] There are different types of treatment for people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] The following types of treatment are used: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, and other drug therapy. […] Standard treatment of untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission induction phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, combination chemotherapy with targeted therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and supportive care. […] Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, maintenance therapy with midostaurin, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells, and high-dose chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant using donor stem cells.

• #3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  There is no standard treatment for refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Treatment depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant using donor stem cells. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), and ATRA plus combination chemotherapy. […] Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #4 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. […] There are different types of treatment for people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment. […] The following types of treatment are used: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, Targeted therapy, Other drug therapy. […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases: Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Consolidation therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of consolidation therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy.

• #5 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Many types of treatment exist for acute myelogenous leukemia, also called AML. Treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of the disease, your age, your overall health, your prognosis and your preferences. […] Treatment usually has two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. This first phase aims to kill the leukemia cells in your blood and bone marrow. But it doesn’t usually destroy all the leukemia cells. You will need further treatment to keep the disease from coming back. […] Consolidation therapy. This phase also is called post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. It aims to kill the remaining leukemia cells. Consolidation therapy is crucial to helping lower the risk of relapse. […] Treatments include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. Chemotherapy is the main type of remission induction therapy. It also may be used for consolidation therapy.

• #5 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  People with AML usually stay in the hospital during chemotherapy treatments because the medicines kill many healthy blood cells while destroying leukemia cells. If the first chemotherapy cycle doesn’t cause remission, it can be repeated. […] Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the medicines you’re given. Common side effects are nausea and hair loss. Serious, long-term complications may include heart disease, lung damage, fertility problems and other cancers. […] Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Your leukemia cells will be tested to see if targeted therapy may be helpful for you. Targeted therapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy during induction therapy.

• #5 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Bone marrow transplant. A bone marrow transplant, also called a bone marrow stem cell transplant, involves putting healthy bone marrow stem cells into the body. These cells replace cells hurt by chemotherapy and other treatments. A bone marrow stem cell transplant may be used for both remission induction and consolidation therapy. […] Before a bone marrow transplant, you receive very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy your leukemia-producing bone marrow. Then you receive infusions of stem cells from a compatible donor. This is called an allogeneic transplant. […] There is an increased risk of infection after a transplant. […] Clinical trials. Some people with leukemia choose to enroll in clinical trials to try experimental treatments or new combinations of known therapies.

• #6 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. The plan is based on your health and specific information about the cancer. What you want is also important when planning treatment. When deciding which treatments to offer for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), your healthcare team will consider: […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for AML. Targeted therapy and a stem cell transplant may also be used. […] Induction is the first phase of treatment. It involves intense chemotherapy. The goal of induction is to clear the blood and bone marrow of leukemia cells (blast cells, or blasts) and bring about a complete remission, or complete response. Targeted therapy may also be used if the cancer cells have certain genetic mutations. […] Consolidation is the second phase of treatment. It may also be called post-remission therapy. The goal of consolidation is to continue to rid the body of leukemia cells that remain in the body after induction. It is done to maintain complete remission and prevent relapse. Consolidation usually involves chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant. Targeted therapy may also be used for certain genetic mutations.

• #6 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Maintenance is a third phase of treatment that may be used for people who aren’t going to have a transplant in the consolidation phase and who have intermediate or unfavourable chromosome changes. It involves chemotherapy at a lower strength and for a longer period of time. Maintenance therapy is generally lower strength and has fewer side effects than induction and consolidation therapy. […] Induction treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is given over one week to clear the blood and bone marrow of leukemia cells. It is the first phase of treatment. […] Consolidation treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is given soon after induction treatment to keep leukemia cells from coming back. It is the second phase of treatment. […] Maintenance treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is oral chemotherapy given for a long time to prevent leukemia cells from coming back.

• #7 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  azacitidine […] cytarabine […] daunorubicin […] daunorubicin and cytarabine […] decitabine […] idarubicin […] midostaurin […] mitoxantrone […] Combinations of these drugs may be used. Other chemotherapy drugs not listed here may also be used. […] Intrathecal chemotherapy may be used to treat AML that has spread to the CNS (brain and spinal cord). Intrathecal chemotherapy is a method of placing chemotherapy directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, which is the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This approach is used because the blood-brain barrier, a protective layer around the brain, can prevent chemotherapy drugs given by mouth or into a vein from reaching the CNS. […] Cytarabine and methotrexate are two chemotherapy drugs given as intrathecal chemotherapy to treat AML. These drugs can also be given systemically.

• #7 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  Targeted therapy […] Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest biomarker tests to help predict your response to certain targeted therapy drugs. […] Targeted therapies used to treat AML include: […] gemtuzumab ozogamicin […] midostaurin […] quizartinib […] revumenib […] Less-intensive targeted therapies in people who are unable or unwilling to receive other treatments include: […] enasidenib […] gilteritinib […] glasdegib […] ivosidenib […] venetoclax […] Other drug therapy […] Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) are anticancer drugs that kill leukemia cells, stop the leukemia cells from dividing, or help the leukemia cells mature into white blood cells. These drugs are used in the treatment of a subtype of AML called acute promyelocytic leukemia.

• #7 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  Radiation therapy […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. AML is sometimes treated with external radiation therapy. This type of radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer. Total-body irradiation sends radiation toward the whole body. It is a type of external radiation that may be used to prepare the body for a stem cell transplant when the leukemia has recurred. […] Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant […] High doses of chemotherapy are given to kill cancer cells. Healthy cells, including blood-forming cells, are also destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cell transplant is a treatment to replace the blood-forming cells. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient or a donor and are frozen and stored. After the patient completes chemotherapy and/or total-body irradiation, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body’s blood cells.

• #8 Typical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Except APL) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/typical-treatment-of-aml.html

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is typically divided into 2 main phases: Remission induction (often just called induction) and Consolidation (post-remission therapy). […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is the main treatment for most types of AML, although other treatments might be used as well. […] Treatment for AML often needs to start as quickly as possible after it is diagnosed because it can progress very quickly. Sometimes another type of treatment needs to be started even before the chemo has had a chance to work. […] The first phase of treatment for AML is aimed at quickly getting rid of as many leukemia cells as possible. […] Induction destroys most of the normal bone marrow cells as well as the leukemia cells, so most people develop dangerously low blood counts, and may be very ill.

• #8 Typical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Except APL) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/typical-treatment-of-aml.html

  Induction is considered successful if the leukemia goes into remission. Further treatment (called consolidation) is given then to try to destroy any remaining leukemia cells and help prevent a relapse. […] For younger people (typically those under 60), the main options for consolidation therapy are: Several cycles of chemo with high-dose cytarabine (ara-C) (sometimes known as HiDAC), Allogeneic (donor) stem cell transplant, Autologous stem cell transplant. […] In some situations, maintenance therapy might be an option for further treatment. This is also sometimes called post-consolidation therapy. […] Options for these people might include: Low-intensity chemo with a drug such as low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), azacitidine (Vidaza), or decitabine (Dacogen).

• #9 Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/treating-aml

  Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) usually starts quite quickly after being diagnosed. […] AML treatment is generally divided into intensive or non intensive treatment. Chemotherapy is the main treatment in both. […] Treatment for AML is generally divided into intensive and non intensive treatment. The main treatment in both situations is chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). […] There are different types of targeted cancer drugs for AML. […] Leukapheresis is a way of filtering the blood to remove white blood cells when there are too many. […] A stem cell or bone marrow transplant is a treatment for AML. […] You might have radiotherapy as part of your treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. […] Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment can cause side effects.

• #10 Acute myeloid leukaemia treatment – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/

  Acute myeloid leukaemia treatment […] How is AML treated? Because it progresses quickly, treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia needs to begin soon after it is diagnosed. Although there is a degree of urgency, all necessary information from the tests and scans that were conducted is vital to ensure the doctors offer the appropriate treatment to the individual. The type of treatment used will depend on a number of factors including the sub-type of AML you have, the genetic make-up of the leukaemic cells, your age and general health. […] Chemotherapy is the main form of treatment for AML. Initially the aim of treatment is to destroy leukaemic cells and induce a remission. This means that there is no evidence of leukaemic cells in the blood and bone marrow and that normal blood cell production and normal blood counts are restored. Once a remission has been achieved, more chemotherapy is given to try to prevent the leukaemia from returning (relapsing). This is called post-remission or consolidation therapy.

• #11 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Younger patients and older „fit” patients can receive intensive induction therapy. Patients with poor performance status, significant comorbidities, and/or advanced age (ie, some patients 60 years old and most patients 70 years old) should receive low-intensity therapy, or supportive care if a clinical trial is not available. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for certain patients. […] Various acceptable induction regimens are available. The most common approach, „3 + 7,” consists of 3 days of a 15- to 30-minute infusion of an anthracycline (idarubicin or daunorubicin) or anthracenedione (mitoxantrone), combined with 100-200 mg/m2 of cytarabine (arabinosylcytosine; ara-C) as a 24-hour infusion daily for 7 days. […] Improved outcomes have been reported with induction regimens using a higher dose of daunorubicin (90 mg/m2/d for 3 d compared with 45 mg/m2/d).

• #11 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Most patients younger than 60 years should be evaluated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT). […] High-dose cytarabine for four cycles is a standard option for consolidation therapy in younger patients. […] Patients with good-risk AML (ie, t[8;21] or inversion of chromosome 16[inv16]) have a good prognosis after consolidation with standard high-dose cytarabine. […] In 2020, the FDA approved an oral formulation of azacitidine (Onureg) for the continued treatment of adult patients with AML who have achieved first CR or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following intensive induction chemotherapy but are not able to complete intensive curative therapy. […] The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) considers that in patients with AML who are under age 55, allogeneic HCT offers no survival advantage for those with low-risk cytogenetics who are in first clinical remission, but does offer a survival advantage versus chemotherapy for those with high-risk cytogenetics.

• #11 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  NCCN guidelines recommend the following targeted therapies for patients who are not candidates for intensive induction therapy or who decline intensive therapy: IDH1-mutated AML – Ivosidenib, IDH2-mutated AML – Enasidenib. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Many patients are never referred for treatment, because of serious comorbid medical conditions and the knowledge that the treatment results are poor in this group of patients. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care.

• #12 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Antimicrobial therapy: Empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy is an absolute necessity for febrile patients who are profoundly neutropenic. […] Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed (Untreated; Remission Induction) AML […] Treatment options for newly diagnosed (untreated; remission induction) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) include: […] Chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy for AML is divided into the following two general categories: […] Intensive remission-induction chemotherapy. […] Nonintensive chemotherapy. […] One of the following combination chemotherapy regimens may be used as intensive remission induction therapy: […] Cytarabine plus daunorubicin. […] Cytarabine plus idarubicin. […] Cytarabine plus mitoxantrone. […] Cytarabine plus anthracycline plus midostaurin.

• #12 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Treatment Option Overview for AML […] The treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on whether the disease is newly diagnosed (previously untreated), in remission, or recurrent. Also, the intensity of the treatment and the patient’s overall health status are considered when choosing a treatment approach. Successful treatment of AML requires the control of bone marrow and systemic disease, and specific treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease, if present. The cornerstone of this strategy includes systemically administered combination chemotherapy. Because only 5% or fewer of patients with AML develop CNS disease, prophylactic treatment is not indicated. […] Newly diagnosed (untreated): Untreated AML is defined as newly diagnosed leukemia that has not been previously treated. The initial treatment for patients with newly diagnosed AML is often induction therapy that aims to induce a remission. In patients with AML, a complete remission (CR) is defined as a normal peripheral blood cell count (absolute neutrophil count 1,000/mm3 and platelet count 100,000/mm3) and normocellular marrow with less than 5% blasts in the marrow and no signs or symptoms of the disease. In addition, no signs or symptoms are evident of CNS leukemia or other extramedullary infiltration.

• #12 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Cytarabine plus anthracycline plus gemtuzumab ozogamicin. […] Liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351). […] Intrathecal cytarabine or methotrexate may be used to treat central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, if present. […] The two-drug regimen of cytarabine given as a continuous infusion for 7 days and a 3-day course of anthracycline (the so-called 7 + 3 induction therapy) results in a complete response rate of approximately 65%. […] Addition of an FLT3 inhibitor: Variants in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) and internal tandem duplications (ITD) of the FLT3 gene are frequent in AML and are often associated with an inferior outcome. […] Midostaurin: A multicenter, randomized, phase III trial included patients with FLT3-altered AML. The addition of midostaurin led to improved survival.

• #12 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  In remission: When patients are in a remission after induction chemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy is given, with the aim of deepening the response and consolidating the remission. Maintenance therapy is not included in most current treatment protocols and clinical trials. Consolidation therapy appears to be effective when given immediately after remission is achieved. […] Persistent/recurrent disease: Despite intensive chemotherapy, some patients with newly diagnosed AML will not go into remission and have primary refractory disease. Also, some patients who are in a remission after induction and consolidation chemotherapy may have a return of their disease. The rates of primary refractory disease and relapse vary with the age of the patient, genomic variants seen in the leukemia cells, and initial treatment given.

• #13 Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatments/chemotherapy-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  During induction, you receive a combination of chemotherapy drugs through a vein with IV infusion during a seven-day stay in the hospital. The most commonly used drugs are cytarabine, which stops the growth of cancer cells; and anthracycline, which prevents cancer cells from dividing, causing them to die. […] If you dont achieve remission through induction, your doctor may recommend an additional phase of treatment, called reinduction, using the same or similar chemotherapy drugs and the same treatment schedule. […] If remission is achieved during the induction or reinduction phases, the next phase, called consolidation, begins. Its designed to kill any remaining microscopic leukemia cells that cant be detected by blood tests. […] Based on the results of blood and tissue tests taken after induction, or your response to induction therapy, your doctor determines which treatment is appropriate. This can include additional rounds of chemotherapy.

• #14 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062869

  Advances in the treatment of AML have resulted in substantially improved complete remission (CR) rates. Treatment should be sufficiently aggressive to achieve CR because partial remission offers no substantial survival benefit. Approximately 60% to 70% of adults with AML can be expected to attain CR status after appropriate induction therapy. More than 25% of adults with AML (about 45% of those who attain CR) can be expected to survive 3 or more years and may be cured. […] The treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on whether the disease is newly diagnosed (previously untreated), in remission, or recurrent. Also, the intensity of the treatment and the patient’s overall health status are considered when choosing a treatment approach. Successful treatment of AML requires the control of bone marrow and systemic disease, and specific treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease, if present. The cornerstone of this strategy includes systemically administered combination chemotherapy.

• #14 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062869

  The standard postremission therapy for AML patients in remission is high-dose cytarabine; however, there exists some controversy about whether it benefits all younger AML patients in first complete response versus selected subgroups, such as those with core-binding factor abnormalities. […] Allogeneic HCT, even with minimal conditioning chemotherapy, results in the lowest incidence of leukemic relapse, even when compared with HCT from an identical twin (syngeneic HCT). This finding led to the concept of an immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect, similar to (and related to) graft-versus-host disease. […] The use of allogeneic HCT in adults requires either a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor, an HLA-matched unrelated donor, a haploidentical donor („half HLA-matched”), or two well-matched umbilical cord blood units.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  This approach has been the mainstay of therapy for the past four decades, achieving complete remission (CR) in 60-80% of patients 60 years of age. […] Although effective, this approach may be poorly tolerated, with a higher risk of induction mortality in patients with comorbidities, poor performance status, and/or advanced age. […] In addition, unsatisfactory response rates and survival have been reported for conventional chemotherapy in patients with adverse cytogenetic risk or high-risk molecular mutations, such as TP53. […] Elderly patients with high-risk features and poor performance status have induction-related mortality rates in the range of 15-30%. […] Consequently, older patients are frequently triaged or elect to receive lower-intensity regimens, which are associated with lower rates of remission, but also less early mortality.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  The sustained future of venetoclax in previously untreated patients with AML considered ineligible for intensive chemotherapy due to age or comorbidities has been reinforced by the positive outcome from the recently completed randomized phase 3 study that evaluated azacitidine (VIALE-A) with or without venetoclax, with OS as the primary endpoint. […] The dual primary endpoints of the VIALE-A study (OS and CR or CRi [composite CR] rate) have been met and data have recently been published. […] With a median follow-up of 20.5 months, venetoclax plus azacitidine demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS and response rates compared with placebo plus azacitidine in treatment-naive patients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy. […] The HMA plus venetoclax regimen has been approved by the FDA and predominantly used in patients who are older and considered unsuitable for induction therapy, often determined on the basis of high predicted/perceived induction mortality in the opinion of the treating physician.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  Among these low-intensity regimens, hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy has become the de facto standard of care in the United States and many other countries. […] In recent years, there has been an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of AML, which has facilitated the development of novel, molecularly targeted therapies and the implementation of a personalized, risk-adapted approach to treatment. […] Particularly, in the last 3 years, nine new drugs have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of AML, including the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax, the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors ivosidenib and enasidenib, the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors midostaurin and gilteritinib, the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), the hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor glasdegib, a liposomal formulation of a fixed combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351), and the oral HMA CC-486.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  Conventional therapy for acute myeloid leukemia is composed of remission induction with cytarabine- and anthracycline-containing regimens, followed by consolidation therapy, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation, to prolong remission. […] In recent years, there has been a significant shift toward the use of novel and effective, target-directed therapies, including inhibitors of mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the hedgehog pathway inhibitor glasdegib. […] In older patients the combination of a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine, venetoclax achieved composite response rates that approximate those seen with standard induction regimens in similar populations, but with potentially less toxicity and early mortality.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  Although this appears biologically plausible, no clinical data at this time clearly identify a population in whom HMA and venetoclax therapy can be stopped with a high degree of confidence that relapse will not occur. […] The combination of MCL1 inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently under investigation for the treatment of patients without targetable mutations. […] The combination of ADC and venetoclax is a further possibility for venetoclax doublet (and potentially triplet) regimens.

• #15 New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-00376-1

  In an aggregated analysis of 304 patients treated with venetoclax-based therapy in two global, open-label phase 1b and phase 1/2 clinical trials studying venetoclax in combination with the HMAs decitabine or azacitidine, and LDAC, respectively, 31 patients (10%) proceeded to receive allogeneic SCT; all of these patients were treated in the US. […] These data suggest that allogeneic SCT after HMA-plus-venetoclax-based therapies is safe and effective, offers potential for long-term remissions, and could be considered in appropriate patients. […] Another major remaining question is the optimal duration of therapy with HMA-plus-venetoclax-based regimens. […] Given the early, deep, and durable responses with HMA plus venetoclax, interest has emerged in potentially curtailing or discontinuing therapy in patients who have deep responses.

• #16 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Supportive Care During Therapy […] Because myelosuppression is an anticipated consequence of both the leukemia and its treatment with chemotherapy, patients must be closely monitored during therapy. Facilities must be available for hematologic support with multiple blood fractions, including platelet transfusions, and for the treatment of related infectious complications. […] Transfusion therapy: Supportive care during remission induction treatment should routinely include red blood cell and platelet transfusions, when appropriate. Rapid marrow ablation with consequent earlier marrow regeneration decreases morbidity and mortality. […] Growth factors: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been studied in an effort to shorten the period of granulocytopenia associated with leukemia treatment. If used, these agents are administered after administration of chemotherapy.

• #17 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Treatment includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, other medications. […] Because it is an aggressive cancer, treatment should start as soon as it is diagnosed. […] This is an encouraging time for the treatment of AML, for which many targeted therapies are now standards of care and many more are in development with promising initial results, he adds. […] In general, though, treatment of AML is divided into two phases: Induction chemotherapy. Sometimes known as remission induction chemotherapy, in this initial phase of treatment patients are given chemotherapy drugs with the aim of killing as many leukemia cells as possible. The goal is to put the cancer into complete remission. […] Consolidation therapy. Also known as postremission consolidation therapy, this second phase of treatment begins once AML is in remission. The goal of this phase is to kill leukemia cells that remain in the body, thereby lowering the risk that the cancer will return. Consolidation therapy involves chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.

• #18 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Second phase. Called consolidation chemotherapy, this part of treatment aims to destroy any remaining cancer cells, helping prevent a recurrence. The second phase may include stem cell transplantation. […] Induction chemotherapy uses anticancer drugs to destroy as many cancer cells as possible. The goal is remission, which is when no leukemia cells are detectable in the blood or bone marrow and the body maintains normal numbers of blood cells without the need for transfusions. […] Our skilled and experienced team will monitor and care for you throughout this process. They may give you transfusions of red blood cells and platelets to correct anemia and prevent bleeding. You’ll also receive medications to prevent bacterial and fungal infections or to treat any that occur. A drug called filgrastim (Neupogen) may also be used to help prevent infections by restoring your white blood cell count more quickly.

• #18 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukemia

  In general, side effects of consolidation treatment are similar to those of induction therapy, requiring intensive support. Most patients stay in the hospital during the four to five weeks of treatment, though some institutions provide consolidation chemotherapy on an outpatient basis. Overall, approximately 30 to 40% of patients receiving consolidation chemotherapy are cured of their AML. […] Some patients with aggressive AML require a bone marrow transplant. […] The treatment plan is different for patients who have the type of AML called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Therapy for APL includes a vitamin A derivative called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, together with standard chemotherapy drugs. Most people undergo multiple cycles of this therapy. APL patients rarely need a stem cell transplant. Because of advances in diagnosis and treatment, APL is now considered the most curable form of acute myeloid leukemia.

• #19 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare cancer that affects your bone marrow and blood. Its an aggressive cancer that, left untreated, may be life-threatening. Newer treatments are helping people to live longer with AML. […] Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy (including monoclonal antibody therapy) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Adults and children have the same treatment options. The goal is to put AML into complete remission. In AML, complete remission means tests show your blood counts are normal. It also means pathologists dont see cancerous cells when they examine your bone marrow sample under a microscope. […] There are three phases to chemotherapy for AML induction, consolidation and maintenance. […] This is the first step toward complete remission of AML. Treatment usually happens over several days. Some people need two rounds of induction therapy before AML is in complete remission. Providers may use the following chemotherapies in remission induction therapy: Cytarabine (Cytosar-U), Daunorubicin (Cerubidine), Idarubicin (Idamycin), Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Glasdegib (Daurismo), Venetoclax (Venclexta, Venclyxto).

• #19 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Consolidation therapy kills any remaining cancerous cells. It lowers the risk of cancer recurrence (coming back). Most people receive high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) or HiDAC five days each month for three or four months. […] Often, consolidation therapy eliminates AML. In some cases, however, providers may recommend ongoing treatment using low doses of chemotherapy. Maintenance therapy may continue for months or years. Chemotherapy drugs for maintenance therapy may include: Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Midostaurin (Rydapt). […] Allogeneic stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from related or unrelated donors. Providers may obtain stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood or cord blood (blood collected from umbilical cords after birth). […] Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only way to cure acute myeloid leukemia. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend stem cell transplantation as your first AML treatment or if you have AML that comes back within 12 months. Unfortunately, not everyone may be a candidate for stem cell transplantation.

• #20 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Induction therapy frequently results in a complete remission of the AML, meaning that there are no visible leukemia cells in the blood or bone marrow when examined under a microscope, and the bone marrow is functioning normally. […] Post-remission therapy is given with the intention of killing leukemia cells that may remain in the bone marrow or blood, but are undetectable under the microscope. […] There are three basic treatment choices for post-remission therapy: Additional chemotherapy, sometimes called remission consolidation therapy; Stem cell transplantation from a healthy donor (allogeneic stem cell transplantation); Stem cell transplantation using your own stem cells (autologous stem cell transplantation). […] Treatment decisions for older people with AML are best made on a case-by-case basis. Less-intensive treatments, such as azacitidine or decitabine, with or without venetoclax, can be effective against AML and are generally better tolerated than intensive induction therapy in older patients. […] A limited number of treatments are effective in the treatment of AML that does not respond to induction therapy or AML that relapses after initial chemotherapy.

• #20 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

• #21

  https://more.navigatingcare.com/library/leukemia-acute-myeloid/learn/treatment-option-overview

  There are different types of treatment for people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] Different types of treatments are available for people with AML. You and your cancer care team will work together to decide your treatment plan, which may include more than one type of treatment. […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] There are two treatment phases of AML: […] Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. […] Postremission therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of postremission therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy.

• #22 Acute Myeloid Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507875/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing myeloid neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem cells, known as blasts, in the bone marrow. […] Treatment options vary depending on patient-specific factors, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative therapy. Although the administration of multiagent induction chemotherapy can achieve complete remission, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only established curative therapy. […] Notably, before initiating induction therapy, it is crucial to involve bone marrow transplant (BMT) specialists early, particularly for patients with intermediate- or high-risk disease, according to the ELN 2022 criteria mentioned earlier. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative therapy for AML and should be considered for any patient with intermediate- or high-risk disease who achieves complete remission.

• #22 Acute Myeloid Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507875/

  Induction therapy represents the standard of care for all patients with AML, and decisions regarding the selection of induction chemotherapy should not be solely based on age. […] Lastly, if APL is suspected, then the treatment should be initiated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and diagnosis should be confirmed either by peripheral blood immunophenotyping, bone marrow biopsy, or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for t(15;17)/PML::RARA. […] Despite achieving a complete response with optimal induction therapy, minimal residual disease often persists, necessitating consolidation therapy to mitigate the risk of relapse by eliminating residual disease. […] Several agents are available for patients experiencing relapsed AML with specific mutations identified through molecular sequencing techniques. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors, such as gilteritinib, may be recommended and have demonstrated higher complete remission rates than salvage chemotherapy in this patient population.

• #23 Advances and Future Goals in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Therapy – touchONCOLOGY

  https://touchoncology.com/haematological-malignancies/journal-articles/advances-and-future-goals-in-acute-myeloid-leukaemia-therapy/

  Given the targetable nature of FLT3, new therapies have emerged. […] Midostaurin, a multikinase inhibitor originally developed for the treatment of solid tumours, was approved by the FDA in 2017 in combination with standard induction chemotherapy for FLT3-positive AML based on the results of the RATIFY phase III trial. […] The phase II GermanAustrian AML Study Group 16-10 trial investigated the effect of midostaurin in induction, maintenance and consolidation therapy in adult patients with FLT3-ITD AML. […] Elderly patients with AML and significant comorbid conditions who are unable to receive intense induction therapy represent a therapeutic challenge. Patients older than 75 years and those with significant comorbidities are best treated with HMA plus venetoclax. […] Maintenance therapy with ivosidenib should continue until intolerability or disease progression.

• #23 Advances and Future Goals in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Therapy – touchONCOLOGY

  https://touchoncology.com/haematological-malignancies/journal-articles/advances-and-future-goals-in-acute-myeloid-leukaemia-therapy/

  Oral azacitidine has demonstrated promising results when given as maintenance therapy in patients with AML following intense induction, with or without consolidative high-dose cytarabine. […] The clinical outcomes for patients with AML have improved over the past 5 years. However, there are still urgent therapeutic needs to consider.

• #24 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  As you develop a treatment plan with your doctor, be sure to discuss: The goal of treatment, The possibility of participating in a clinical trial, where you’ll have access to advanced medical treatment that may be more beneficial to you than standard treatment, Potential side effects, including long-term and late effects. […] Patients Aged 60 Years and Older: AML occurs more frequently in older adults; at least half of patients are older than 65 years of age when the disease is diagnosed. Treatment approaches for these patients range from standard intensive induction chemotherapy to less intensive therapies, or the best supportive care. Additionally, there are a growing number of new treatment options available for older adults. […] The treatment of AML in older patients is a challenge due to certain factors: Higher occurrence of unfavorable cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in the leukemia cells, Difficulty tolerating more intense cancer treatments, Comorbidities (other medical problems), including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and a history of stroke or lung disease.

• #24 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  It’s important that your doctor is experienced in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or has access to an AML specialist. […] Doctors use several types of treatment for adults with AML, some at different stages. […] Treatment for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of AML, differs from other AML treatments. […] Most AML patients, particularly patients with high white cell counts, need treatment soon after diagnosis because the disease can progress rapidly. […] A number of factors affect the choice and outcome of treatment, including the following: Your AML subtype, The results of cytogenetic analysis, Whether you have received chemotherapy in the past to treat another type of cancer, Whether you have had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another blood cancer, Whether the AML is in your central nervous system, Whether your AML has not responded to treatment or has relapsed, The presence of systemic infection at diagnosis, Your age and general health.

• #25 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML. […] Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #26 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Medication: A Comprehensive List

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/acute-myeloid-leukemia-medication

  Medications for AML include chemotherapy and newer targeted therapies. With several options available, the right medication for you will depend on the specific characteristics of your cancer. […] Several treatment options for AML are available. Your treatment team will carefully consider the type of AML you have, whether the cancer has spread, and other factors when deciding your best treatment options. Medications are typically the first-line treatment. […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is a class of drugs that works by either killing cancer cells directly or damaging them to a point where they stop dividing and creating new cancerous cells. […] Options often used in the systemic treatment of AML include: azacitidine (Onureg, Vidaza), cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), daunorubicin (Cerubidine), decitabine (Dacogen), idarubicin (Idamycin), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), methotrexate (Trexall, Xatmep) for combination therapy only.

• #26 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Medication: A Comprehensive List

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/acute-myeloid-leukemia-medication

  Sometimes, doctors may combine chemo with a stem cell transplant to help ensure the creation of new, healthy blood cells that these cancer drugs might otherwise destroy. […] Targeted therapies are among the most widely researched treatment options for AML because they can target specific genes and their proteins that contribute to cancer growth. […] Doctors may use the following targeted therapy at the same time as, or in place of, chemo for AML: FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Monoclonal antibodies. […] Currently, the only approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML treatment is venetoclax (Venclexta). […] ATRA may treat APL by potentially killing cancer cells and preventing them from dividing and growing. […] ATO treatment (Trisenox) is an injectable medication doctors may recommend in cases of APL where the PML-RARA gene is involved. […] Quizartinib (Vanflyta) is the most recent drug approved for AML treatment, having received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2023. […] Researchers continue to look into new targeted therapies and immunotherapies as potential AML treatments.

• #27 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) non-intensive treatment | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/aml-treatment/non-intensive/

  There are several different drugs that can treat AML, and research continues to find new ones. […] Some people can have their treatment as part of a clinical trial, which can allow you to have one of the latest treatments. […] Below we list some of the most commonly used non-intensive treatments for AML, including newer drugs being looked at in clinical trials. Many of these can be used for as long as they are helping you. […] Ivosidenib is a targeted therapy drug. It works by affecting a protein called IDH1 inside AML cells. Ivosidenib is a tablet that you take once a day. […] Azacitidine is a chemotherapy drug that is given by injection. […] Venetoclax is a targeted therapy drug. It affects a protein called BCL2 inside AML cells, which makes the AML cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. Venetoclax is a tablet.

• #27 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) non-intensive treatment | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/aml-treatment/non-intensive/

  As well as the treatment you have for the leukaemia, you’ll need other treatments to help your body cope with side effects. […] Youll probably need antibiotics to reduce your risk of getting an infection during treatment. […] You will probably also need to have transfusions of red blood cells and platelets. These are taken from healthy blood donors and used to replace the cells that your body cannot make.

• #28

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/11844

  The therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has experienced a renaissance in the past 5 years with the approval of nine new targeted agents and over 12 regimens. Historically, therapy for AML was the domain of healthy, young, fit individuals. In 2017, a flurry of Food and Drug Administration approvals for targeted therapies began with midostaurin. However, these therapies were mostly relegated to the relapsed/refractory setting or as inclusions in intensive regimens for fit patients. That was until the landmark VIALE-A trial. In this double-blinded, randomized trial venetoclax was added to azacitidine and compared to azacitidine alone (at the time the standard of care for older adults). The venetoclax plus azacitidine group had a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in response rates and survival, as compared with the azacitidine-only group, in treatment-naive, predominantly elderly patients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy. The primary end-point was overall survival, which was a median of 14.7 months with venetoclax plus azacitidine and 9.6 months with azacitidine alone. With a similar safety profile and significantly improved results, the venetoclax plus azacitidine combination became the new standard of care for older adults. Despite their age these patients achieve excellent responses and frequently proceed to stem cell transplantation, extending their overall survival to become comparable to that of their counterparts treated with intensive therapy. For this reason, expanding the use of venetoclax in combination with a hypomethylating agent to younger and fit patients who are also candidates for intensive chemotherapy is being actively studied in a clinical trial. Not only did this trial move the remission rate of older unfit adults into the realm of the rates achieved by the 7+3 regimen, but it also did so in a mostly genetically agnostic way. Venetoclax is a first-in-class targeted medicine designed to selectively bind and inhibit the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein, preventing the binding and releasing BAX and inducing apoptosis. The venetoclax/azacitidine combination is not targeted against a single mutation but rather against a fundamental survival mechanism that leukemic cells are highly dependent upon. While subsequent research has shown that some mutations and variants, such as RAS mutations, FLT3 mutations and monocytic subtypes, are less sensitive to venetoclax, the drug still has efficacy in these patients. This allowed the benefits of the trial to be applied to the diverse landscape of de novo AML. In 1973 the care of young healthy AML patients took a massive leap forward; 44 years later VIALE-A helped older unfit AML patients to catch up.

• #29 Treatment options | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/leukaemia/treatment-options

  Some people with leukaemia may receive radiation therapy. […] Radiation therapy is not usually a major treatment for leukaemia. […] Targeted therapy refers to treatment with medicines that are designed to specifically attack cancer cells without harming normal cells. […] Targeted therapy for AML include venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitory. […] A stem cell transplant may be used if bone marrow has been destroyed by high doses of chemotherapy treatment. […] Stem cell transplants aren’t suitable treatments for most people with chronic leukaemia (CLL and CML), but it may be used if the disease is spreading more quickly and has not responded to other treatments. […] Immunotherapy involves treatment with medicines that boost the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. […] Treatment for leukaemia often lasts for years.

• #30 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] In 2017, the FDA approved gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed AML whose tumors express the CD33 antigen (CD33-positive AML). […] Midostaurin (Rydapt), an orally administered multitargeted kinase inhibitor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for adults with newly diagnosed AML that is FLT3 mutation positive. […] In 2023, the FDA approved quizartinib (Vanflyta) for induction and consolidation therapy (in combination with the standard 3+7 induction regimen and cytarabine consolidation), and as maintenance monotherapy following consolidation chemotherapy, in adults with newly diagnosed AML that is FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD)positive.

• #31 Cell Therapies Emerge for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/cell-therapies-emerge-for-the-treatment-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Daver identified a key issue as being able to move past the standard treatment combination of HMAs and venetoclax (Venclexta), which leaves room for improvement regarding survival outcomes. […] The other question that is coming is whether we can start incorporating some forms of immunotherapy, whether these are [natural killer (NK)]-cell based [or] T-cell based, in patients who will achieve remission but often have detectable low-level disease burden, Daver added. […] Currently, there is an interest in using CAR T cells for AML. […] However, 1 drawback of CAR T-cell therapy is that it is limited to surface cell antigens. […] T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy offers an alternative to CAR T-cell therapy that can reach intracellular targets and expand the number of targetable mutations. […] CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy offers a beneficial tumor response-to-toxicity profile while minimizing immune-related adverse events.

• #31 Cell Therapies Emerge for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/cell-therapies-emerge-for-the-treatment-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Cellular therapies are an effective option in hematologic malignancies but have been slower to develop in AML, but identifying new targets paves the way for evolving treatments. […] Cellular therapies have shown effectiveness in treating hematologic malignancies, although their development for acute myeloid leukemia has been slower. However, identifying new targets is paving the way for advancing treatments in this area. […] Conventional treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely dependent on hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and intensive chemotherapy. However, recent breakthroughs in cellular therapy offer promising alternatives for treating this disease. […] Cellular therapies like hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have warranted new research, and novel cellular therapies also show potential for treating this disease.

• #32 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Quizartinib: A multicenter, randomized, phase III trial included patients with FLT3-ITD-altered AML. The addition of quizartinib led to improved survival. […] Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin: In a meta-analysis of more than 3,000 patients, the addition of the CD33-directed immunotoxin gemtuzumab ozogamicin to cytarabine plus anthracycline or clofarabine plus anthracycline led to a small increase in the OS rate at 5 years. […] Liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351): A multicenter trial investigated CPX-351 in patients aged 60 to 75 years with therapy-related AML, AML with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. […] Older adults or adults with significant comorbid conditions: Some patients may decline or be too frail for intensive induction chemotherapy. Low-dose cytarabine, decitabine, azacitidine, or best supportive care can be considered equivalently effective treatment approaches for older patients with AML who decline traditional 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy.

• #33 How Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Treated at MSK: An Interview With Eytan Stein | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treated-msk-interview-eytan-stein

  Enasidenib (Idhifa) was approved to treat AML that carries a mutation in a gene called IDH2. Ivosidenib (Tibsovo) targets cancers with a mutation in the related gene IDH1. Both enasidenib and ivosidenib work by converting cancer cells back into normal cells rather than killing them. […] A new class of drugs called menin inhibitors are showing great promise for some cases of advanced AML. […] There also is promising research into treating AML with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. […] Blood or marrow stem cell transplants are recommended for many, but not all, people with AML. For those who are able to find a donor and are able to safely tolerate the transplant process, this treatment may offer the best chance for a cure. […] MSK is on the cutting edge of treating AML. We offer a wide variety of clinical trials, both for newly diagnosed patients and those with relapsed disease. These clinical trials give patients access to the most promising new drugs that may become the standard of care in years to come.

• #34 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-moving and aggressive cancer that demands timely and effective treatment. With the current acute myeloid leukemia therapies showing limited success for many patients, the focus has shifted to breakthrough AML drugs that are redefining the treatment landscape. […] Several FDA-approved AML drugs, including VYXEOS (Jazz Pharmaceuticals), RYDAPT (Novartis), ONUREG (BMS), DAURISMO (Pfizer), TIBSOVO (Agios Pharma), VENCLEXTA (Abbvie), offer treatment options based on specific genetic mutations. The AML treatment landscape is continuously evolving with new drug approvals and designations. […] While chemotherapy and HSCT are still the standard of care, emerging treatments like targeted inhibitors, immunotherapies, and novel combination regimens are shaping the future of AML management.

• #34 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Uproleselan is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of AML, reflecting its potential to improve outcomes in this challenging disease. […] Aspacytarabine (BST-236) is a novel proprietary anti-metabolite designed to enhance the therapeutic profile of cytarabine. […] Ziftomenib is a novel, oral, once-daily investigational drug candidate designed to target the menin-KMT2A/MLL protein-protein interaction, specifically addressing the needs of genetically defined AML patients with high unmet clinical needs. […] The ASTX030-01 study is a multi-phase clinical trial evaluating the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of ASTX030. […] SLS009 is currently under evaluation in a Phase I/II clinical trial involving patients with hematologic malignancies, including relapsed/refractory AML.

• #34 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  In recent years, the acute myeloid leukemia pipeline has witnessed an influx of innovative therapies, including small molecules, targeted therapies, and immune-based treatments. […] These therapies offer the potential to improve remission rates and extend survival, particularly for patients with limited options with existing treatments. […] Key AML drugs to watch in the AML pipeline include Crenolanib (Arog Pharmaceuticals), Uproleselan (GlycoMimetics), Iomab-B (Actinium Pharmaceutical), BST-236 (BioSight), SLS009 (SELLAS Life Sciences), Bexmarilimab (Faron Pharmaceuticals), Ziftomenib (Kura Oncology), MK-0482 (Merck Sharp Dohme LLC), and others. […] Iomab-B is a first-in-class targeted radiotherapy developed by Actinium Pharmaceuticals to improve access to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/r AML).

• #34 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Bexmarilimab, developed by Faron Pharmaceuticals, is a first-in-class humanized antibody that targets Clever-1 on myeloid cells and macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunity. […] ICT01 is a first-in-class, Fc-disabled anti-BTN3A monoclonal antibody that selectively activates 92 T cells, driving direct cytotoxicity against AML blasts and enhancing immune response through CD8 T cells and NK cells. […] LYT-200 is in development as a potential treatment for hematologic malignancies like AML and high-risk MDS, as well as locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including head and neck cancers. […] The AML pipeline is teeming with innovations that have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. […] Combination therapies, in particular, are gaining traction, improving remission rates and extending life expectancy for high-risk patients. […] Despite these breakthroughs, challenges remain in developing and commercializing new AML therapies.

• #35 Targeted Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/targeted-therapy/

  Targeted therapy uses drugs that attack specific features of leukaemia cells to stop them growing and spreading. […] Venetoclax is a type of targeted therapy drug that may be used for people with certain subtypes of AML and those who are not able to have high-dose chemotherapy. […] Venetoclax blocks the action of BCL-2, a protein that helps leukaemia cells survive. It is taken as a tablet in combination with a chemotherapy drug (usually azacitidine). […] AML may be treated with other targeted therapy drugs such as midostaurin and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (which are both used in combination with chemotherapy). People with relapsed AML may be offered a drug called gilteritinib.

• #36 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Hematopoietic Cell (Bone Marrow or Stem Cell) Transplant […] Allogeneic HCT, even with minimal conditioning chemotherapy, results in the lowest incidence of leukemic relapse. The use of allogeneic HCT in adults requires either a HLA-matched sibling donor, an HLA-matched unrelated donor, a haploidentical donor (half HLA-matched), or two well-matched umbilical cord blood units. […] Allogeneic HCT can be effective salvage therapy in some patients whose disease fails to go into remission with intensive chemotherapy (primary refractory leukemia). […] Current Clinical Trials […] Use our advanced clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now enrolling patients. The search can be narrowed by location of the trial, type of treatment, name of the drug, and other criteria. General information about clinical trials is also available.

• #37 Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/acute-myeloid-leukemia-treat

  An autologous stem cell transplant removes healthy stem cells from your own bone marrow or blood before you have chemotherapy. […] Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. […] If AML treatments don’t work for you, or if they stop working and your cancer begins to grow again, you have another option: You can try a clinical trial.

• #38 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy with enasidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gilteritinib, ivosidenib, or revumenib, stem cell transplant using donor stem cells. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), for low-risk to intermediate-risk disease, ATRA plus combination chemotherapy, followed by ATO, for high-risk disease. […] Treatment of recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: arsenic trioxide (ATO) with or without chemotherapy, stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells or donor stem cells.

• #39 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  First-line treatment of AML consists primarily of chemotherapy, and is divided into two phases: induction and consolidation. […] The goal of induction therapy is to achieve a complete remission by reducing the number of leukemic cells to an undetectable level; the goal of consolidation therapy is to eliminate any residual undetectable disease and achieve a cure. […] Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is usually considered if induction chemotherapy fails or after a person relapses, although transplantation is also sometimes used as front-line therapy for people with high-risk disease. […] Acute promyelocytic leukemia is treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and either arsenic trioxide (ATO) monotherapy or an anthracycline. […] Even after complete remission is achieved, leukemic cells likely remain in numbers too small to be detected with current diagnostic techniques.

• #39 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Stem cell transplantation from a donor, called allogenic stem cell transplantation, is usually pursued if the prognosis is not considered favourable, a person can tolerate a transplant and has a suitable donor. […] Target therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to target specific molecules that cancer cells need to survive and spread. […] Support is necessary throughout treatment because of problems associated with AML and also arising from treatment. […] Recent research into the role that epigenetic regulators play in hematopoietic malignancies has yielded new insights in the development of targeted epigenetic therapies as a supportive treatment for AML.

• #39 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. […] The first-line treatment of AML is usually chemotherapy, with the aim of inducing remission. People may then go on to receive additional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a stem cell transplant. […] Since 2017, 12 new agents have been approved for AML in the U.S., including venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33 antibody-drug conjugate), and several inhibitors targeting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and other pathways. […] Low-intensity treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax has emerged as the most effective option for older or unfit AML patients, based on a network meta-analysis of 26 trials involving 4,920 participants.

• #40 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of Refractory or Recurrent AML […] No standard treatment regimen exists for patients with refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Treatment options for refractory or recurrent AML include: […] Chemotherapy. […] Intensive salvage chemotherapy. […] Reduced-intensity therapy, including targeted therapy. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). […] Current Clinical Trials […] Use our advanced clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now enrolling patients. The search can be narrowed by location of the trial, type of treatment, name of the drug, and other criteria. General information about clinical trials is also available.

• #41 AML Treatment Landing Page | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating.html

  The treatment approach for children with AML can be slightly different from that used for adults. It’s discussed separately in Treatment of Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including goals and possible side effects, with your treatment team to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] AML can often progress quickly if not treated, so treatment often needs to be started as soon as possible after the diagnosis is made. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. These methods can include vitamins, herbs, and special diets, or other methods such as acupuncture or massage, to name a few.

• #42 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/acute-myeloid-leukemia.html

  Physicians and scientists from Fred Hutch and UW Medicine are testing new treatments for AML and discovering new ways to use current AML treatments. […] One or more of our studies may be an option for you. Our AML clinical trials are testing dozens of therapies, including: Chemotherapy regimens, Targeted therapies, Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapies, Bone marrow transplant regimens.

• #43 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  Current standard chemotherapy regimens cure only a minority of patients with AML, and an expanding array of molecularly targeted agents is becoming available. Consequently, all patients should be evaluated for entry into well-designed clinical trials. If a clinical trial is not available, the patient can be treated with standard therapy. […] The prognosis depends on several factors. Increasing age is an adverse factor, because older patients more frequently have a previous antecedent hematologic disorder and/or poor-risk cytogenetic and molecular markers that make the leukemia resistant to chemotherapy. Older patients also frequently have comorbid medical conditions that compromise the ability to tolerate full doses of chemotherapy. A previous antecedent hematologic disorder (most commonly, MDS) is associated with a poor outcome of therapy.

• #43 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  In adults, treatment results are generally analyzed separately for younger (18-60 y) patients with AML and for older patients (60 y). With current standard chemotherapy regimens, approximately 40-45% of adults younger than 60 years survive longer than 5 years and are considered cured. Results in older patients are more disappointing, with fewer than 10% surviving over the long term. Overall, cure rates for younger patients have improved over the past few decades, but little progress has been made in improving the survival of older patients. […] The prognosis of therapy-related AML is particularly poor, with 5-year survivals of approximately 10%. The prognosis is better for the subset of patients with therapy-related AML who have favorable cytogenetic abnormalities. […] The presence of an FLT3 mutation is associated with a poorer prognosis. Biallelic mutations in CEBPA are associated with a longer remission duration and longer overall survival.

• #43 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  Patients with a previous exposure to topoisomerase-II inhibitors do not have a myelodysplastic phase. Cytogenetics testing reveals a translocation that involves band 11q23. Less commonly, these patients develop leukemia with other balanced translocations, such as inversion 16 or t(15;17). […] The prognosis of therapy-related AML is particularly poor, with 5-year survivals of approximately 10%. The prognosis is better for the subset of patients with therapy-related AML who have favorable cytogenetic abnormalities.

• #44 https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment/treatment-outcomes

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment/treatment-outcomes

  Acute Myeloid Leukemia […] AML is a difficult disease to cure. Just a few decades ago, almost no adults with AML could be cured. But today, advances in understanding of the genetic features of the disease and the use of targeted therapies have resulted in improved remission and cure rates for AML patients.

• #45 What is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia.html

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive type of cancer that starts in the blood and blood-forming tissues of the body. It primarily impacts people over the age of 65. […] As an acute leukemia, AML is aggressive and can be particularly difficult to treat, so patients should begin treatment as soon as possible. AML’s five-year survival rate is about 30%, though that figure differs based on the exact subtype of each person’s cancer and the age of the patient. […] Choosing the right cancer center may be the most important decision you can make as a leukemia patient. At MD Anderson’s Leukemia Center and Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Center, you’ll get treatment from one of the nation’s largest, most experienced leukemia teams at a top-ranked cancer center. […] Using a comprehensive team approach, we work together to give you customized care that includes the most advanced diagnostic methods and treatments. These include clinical trials of new drugs and drug combinations.

• #46 Cracking cancer’s code: New research identifies novel drug target for acute myeloid leukemia treatment – UT Health San Antonio

  https://news.uthscsa.edu/cracking-cancers-code-new-research-identifies-novel-drug-target-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment/

  Despite advances in cancer treatment in recent years, five-year survival rates for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain low at just 30% on average, according to the National Cancer Institute. […] The traditional AML treatment is the ‘3+7’ chemotherapy regimen. However, AML is highly diverse, with more than 70 known driver mutations. […] Given this diversity, we need a uniform, one-for-all drug target to effectively treat AML. […] Successful treatment of AML is complicated for many reasons, said Xu. About a third of patients do not respond to chemotherapy and about half of the patients who achieved remission will relapse. […] PSPC1 could offer a new avenue for AML treatment. […] By disrupting its binding to the chromatin and/or interaction with PU.1, we may be able to restore normal myeloid differentiation and inhibit cancer growth. […] The development of PSPC1 inhibitors or degraders will have a huge impact not just on AML, but also on solid tumors like lung and prostate cancer, by preventing metastasis.

• #47 5 Innovative Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment.html

  Radiation therapy uses power beams of energy to kill cancer cells. Since leukemia cells travel in the blood stream, there is no distinct tumor to target with radiation therapy like there is other cancers. Instead, radiation may be used when the disease has spread to the central nervous system. […] As a top-ranked cancer center, MD Anderson offers multiple clinical trials for AML. Many of these cannot be found anywhere else. Trials explore new drug combinations and new drugs, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

• #48 How We Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  As a highly specialized center within Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center’s Center for Hematologic Oncology, the Adult Leukemia Program focuses on the distinct needs of leukemia patients. […] Your care will involve the latest treatments currently available, including the opportunity to participate in clinical trials of new therapies based on research in our laboratories and elsewhere in the field of leukemia treatment. […] We take a very personalized approach to your care. Using the most advanced sequencing techniques, we identify the mutations specific to your disease in order to plan the best treatment for you and identify if a clinical trial may be appropriate. […] Treatment for AML is a long-term process. Chemotherapy and other treatment for the disease may take 6 to 12 months to complete.

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