Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The percent of acute myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 7584. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #2 Leukemia Statistics — Leukemia Research Foundation

  https://leukemiarf.org/leukemia/statistics/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) statistics […] Below are key statistics and the five-year survival rate for acute myeloid leukemia. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare blood cancer, accounting for 1% of all new cancer cases. […] The median age at diagnosis is 68. […] Relapse (return of cancer after remission) affects 50% of people with AML. […] As of 2018 (most recent available), the five-year relative survival rate for acute myeloid leukemia is 31%.1 […] Source: All statistics are extracted from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

• #3 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as the most common subtype of leukemia in adults, is characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. […] A detailed report describing the latest epidemiological patterns of AML is important for decision makers to allocate healthcare resources effectively. […] According to our study, the incidence of AML has continued to rise globally from 79,372 in 1990 to 144,645 in 2021 and AML affected the male and the elderly populations disproportionately. […] Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the burden of AML and the SDI value. […] Developed nations generally exhibited higher age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate than the developing nations. […] The global burden of AML has increased over the past 32 years, with rising morbidity and mortality.

• #4 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #5 Acute Myeloid Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507875/

  The annual incidence of new cases in both men and women is approximately 4.3 per 100,000 population, totaling over 20,000 cases per year in the United States alone. The median age at the time of diagnosis is about 68, with a higher prevalence observed among non-Hispanic Whites. Furthermore, males exhibit a higher incidence compared to females, with a ratio of 5:3.

• #6 Orphanet: Acute myeloid leukemia

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/519

  Annual incidence rate of AML is estimated to be 1/33,000-1/25,000 in Europe. […] Although, AML can occur at any age, it is typically a disease affecting elder people, usually more than 65 years. […] Prognosis varies widely according to cytogenetics, molecular findings, response to induction treatment and age, between others. Overall, long-term survivors account for 40% of young patients. For children less than 15 years, overall survival rates are 60-70%. Prognosis of elder patients is rather poor.

• #7 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukaemia – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/haematology/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/epidemiology-of-acute-myeloid-leukaemia

  Although Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is rare, it is the commonest form of acute leukaemia in the adults. […] In the western world AML is responsible for 25% of all leukaemias in adults. […] out of 7,600 people who are diagnosed with leukemias each year, around 2300 have AML. […] affects around 3 out of 100,000 people in the UK. […] incidence in adults in Europe is 5-8 cases/100 000/year. […] the highest incidence of AML is seen in the U.S., Australia, and western Europe. […] AML tends to show 2 peaks in incidence. […] is common in people over 65 years of age. […] in USA between the years 2000 to 2003, the incidence rate of AML in people age 65 years was only 1.8 per 100,000 persons, while in people age =65 years it was 17 per 100,000 persons. […] a high incidence and also a poor prognosis of AML in the elderly appears to be partly associated with the increased incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with age.

• #8 EpiCast Report: Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Epidemiology Forecast to 2024

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/epicast-report-acute-myeloid-leukemia—epidemiology-forecast-to-2024-300181220.html

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as myelogenous leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, is a rare cancer that accounts for a disproportionally high number of cancer-related deaths. The disease is more common in the elderly, and is relatively more common in men than in women. […] GlobalData epidemiologists estimate that the 7MM had 40,661 diagnosed incident cases of AML in 2014, nearly half of which occurred in the US. In the next 10 years, the 7MM will experience an increase in disease burden at a rate of 2.03% per year, which will be driven by population increase; this will result in 48,918 diagnosed incident cases of AML in 2024. […] For 2014, the number of diagnosed prevalent cases of AML was nearly identical to the number of diagnosed incident cases, at 44,079 cases, thereby underlining the lethality and poor long-term survival of the disease. The development of more effective therapies, particularly for elderly patients, would improve survival and increase disease prevalence.

• #9 Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Epidemiology Forecast to 2029

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5117445/acute-myeloid-leukemia-epidemiology-forecast?srsltid=AfmBOopmzVwfBIA_-we9EjDs9kHdy3pu-CC51P5_Z-aHZwDbwjTclY1f

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow in which the bone marrow produces abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, and generally progresses at a rapid pace. AML is more common in the elderly, is associated with severe complications and high mortality, and accounts for a disproportionately high number of cancer-related deaths. […] In 2019, there were 72,164 diagnosed incident cases of AML in the 8MM in men and women combined for ages 18 years and older. The publisher’s epidemiologists estimate that globally, cases will rise to 90,264 at an Annual Growth Rate (AGR) of 2.51% by 2029. Urban China is expected to contribute the highest proportion of growth over this forecast period with diagnosed incident cases growing from 29,535 in 2019 to 39,991 in 2029 at an AGR of 3.54%. Similarly, the five-year diagnosed prevalent cases of AML in the 8MM are expected to grow from 99,624 cases to 124,065 cases by 2029.

• #10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #11 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  There are around 2,900 new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s around 8 every day (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,300 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,600 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year around 4 in 10 (41%) of all new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have increased by more than a tenth (12%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by a tenth (10%), and rates in males have increased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019).

• #12 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  In 2015, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was approximately 6.5 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of approximately 50% in the United States. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. Males are more commonly affected by acute myeloid leukemia than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.3 to 1. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is a relatively rare cancer. There are approximately 20,500 new cases each year in the United States, and the incidence rate has remained stable from 1995 through 2005. […] The case fatality rate of acute myeloid leukemia is approximately of 50% in the United States. […] In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.05 per 100,000 persons in the United States.

• #13 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by gender on 2011 is: In males: 4.97 per 100,000 persons; In females: 3.32 per 100,000 persons. […] There is some geographic variation in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania. […] Adult acute myeloid leukemia is more rare in Asian and Latin American countries.

• #14 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml/incidence

  Age-specific incidence rates remain constant with slight fluctuation from birth until age 45-49. Afterwards rates rise more steeply for males with a peak at age 85-89 and continue rising more gradually for females. The highest rates are in the 90+ age group for females and the 85 to 89 age group for males. […] Incidence rates are significantly lower for females than males in a number of (mainly older) age groups. The gap is widest at age 85 to 89, when the age-specific incidence rate is 1.9 times lower for females than males. […] For acute myeloid leukaemia, like most cancer types, incidence increases with age. This largely reflects cell DNA damage accumulating over time. Damage can result from biological processes or from exposure to risk factors. A drop or plateau in incidence in the oldest age groups often indicates reduced diagnostic activity perhaps due to general ill health.

• #15 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Epidemiological investigations of AML are valuable references for policy-makers to allocate healthy resources. […] Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden. […] The incidence case of AML was increased gradually in the past 28 years. Males were more likely to suffer from AML than females. In the region level, the high SDI region had the highest AML burden until 2017. […] The number of AML-related death in males was higher than in females. Subgroup analysis by a socio-demographic factor indicated that the high SDI region had the most death cases.

• #16 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  AML is a relatively rare cancer. There were 19,950 new cases in the United States in 2016. In 2018, AML accounted for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States. […] The incidence of AML increases with age and varies between countries. The median age when AML is diagnosed ranges between 63 and 71 years in the UK, Canada, Australia and Sweden, compared with 40 to 45 years in India, Brazil and Algeria. […] According to 2002 statistics, AML accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults and is rare in children. […] Based on data from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) Public Use Database for 2001-2017, the 2021 estimate for new cases of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are following: Total estimated cases for AML: 20,240. Total estimated cases for ALL: 5,690. Based on these estimates, AML is about 78% of the total cases.

• #17 The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261871

  The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan […] An increasing incidence of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) has been reported in several Western countries. However, the epidemiology of AML in Asia is very limited. […] The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, treatment patterns, healthcare utilization and costs of AML in Taiwan using a nationwide population database. […] The crude annual incidence of AML increased from 2.78 to 3.21 cases per 100,000 individuals from 2006 to 2015. However, the age-standardized rate (ASRs) of AML slightly declined from 2.47 to 2.41 cases per 100,000 individuals in the same period. […] This study is the first population-based study conducted in Asia to provide updated and comprehensive information on epidemiology, treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization and costs of AML.

• #18 Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300637

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients. In contrast a long-term decrease from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000 individuals was found in the age-standardized incidence rates. Meanwhile, age-standardized prevalence rates ascended from 8.93 to 9.67 per 100,000 individuals, with a remarkable increase in the age-specific prevalence rate for those aged 80 years and above. Survival rates were notably better in younger or treated patients, and in those who underwent Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The time of diagnosis did not affect the survival of patients younger than 65 years. However, the most recent survival rates were significantly lower for patients 65 or older, as shown in the unadjusted Cox survival analysis. After adjustments in the analysis, it was found that the overall survival rates of the most recently diagnosed group improved significantly compared with those diagnosed earlier, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.840.97). This improvement may potentially be influenced by the enhanced treatment alternatives available for newly diagnosed older patients aged 65 years or older. In conclusion, aging appears to fuel an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases and mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes and devise efficacious care strategies for older patients.

• #19 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml/incidence

  Acute myeloid leukaemia European age-standardised (AS) incidence rates for females and males combined increased by 12% in the UK between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019.[1-4] The increase was of a similar size in females and males. […] For females, acute myeloid leukaemia AS incidence rates in the UK increased by 10% between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019. For males, acute myeloid leukaemia AS incidence rates in the UK increased by 10% between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019. […] Over the last decade in the UK (between 2007-2009 and 2017-2019), acute myeloid leukaemia AS incidence rates for females and males combined decreased by 8%. In females AS incidence rates decreased by 8%, and in males rates decreased by 10%. […] Acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have remained stable overall in some broad age groups in females and males combined in the UK since the early 1990s, but have increased in others.[1-4] Rates in 0-24s have remained stable, in 25-49s have remained stable, in 50-59s have remained stable, in 60-69s have remained stable, in 70-79s have increased by 16% and in 80+s have increased by 46%.

• #20 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml/incidence

  For acute myeloid leukaemia there are few established risk factors, therefore increasing incidence in the 1980s and 1990s may largely reflect improvements in diagnosis and data recording. […] Acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates (European age-standardised (AS) rates) in England in females are similar in the most deprived quintile compared with the least, and in males are 11% higher in the most deprived quintile compared with the least (2013-2017).[1] […] It is estimated that there are around 70 more cases of acute myeloid leukaemia each year in males in England than there would be if every deprivation quintile had the same age-specific crude incidence rates as the least deprived quintile. […] An estimated 6,100 people who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) between 1991 and 2010 were alive in the UK at the end of 2010.[1]

• #21 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by almost a tenth (8%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by almost a tenth (8%), and rates in males have decreased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for 2% of all cancer deaths in the UK (2017-2019). […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,100 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,600 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] Mortality rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year more than half of all acute myeloid leukaemia deaths (53%) in the UK are in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1970s, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have increased by almost three-fifths (55%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by more than a third (36%), and rates in males have increased by almost two-thirds (64%) (2017-2019). […] Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have remained stable in the UK. Rates in females have remained stable, and rates in males have remained stable (2017-2019).

• #22

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/6509

  Acute myeloid leukemia is the second most common leukemia among United States adults with a median age of 69 years. […] A few population-based studies have reported 3-year survival rates of only 9-10% and 5-year survival of 3-8% in patients aged 60 years and older, compared with 5-year survival rates of up to 50% for younger patients. […] In the US, approximately a decade ago, analysis of data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry and Medicare claims database (SEER-Medicare) (1991-1999) found that 33.8% of AML patients aged 65 years or over received chemotherapy, though the curative or palliative intent of treatment could not be ascertained. […] During the last decade, new strategies have emerged for treating AML. […] Based on these new treatment approaches, plus improvements in supportive care, we hypothesized that the poor prognosis of older AML patients reported in the 1990s might have improved during the last decade.

• #23 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  We searched the GBD database for the potential AML-related mortality attributable risk factors. Eventually, we found four risk factors contributing to AML-related death and DALY: high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and smoking. Among all risk factors, smoking was the greatest contributor to AML-related death and DALY from 1990 to 2017 in the globe. […] Globally, the incidence rate and mortality rate of AML were gradually increased. Males and elder people had a higher risk to develop AML. The incidence rate of AML was positively correlated to SDI values which meant the incidence rate in the developed region was significantly higher than in the developing region.

• #24 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  There was a statistically significant positive correlation between SDI, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate. […] Smoking, high body mass index, and occupational exposure to benzene or formaldehyde were the most common potential risk factors related to AML in the GBD study, of which smoking was the most significant contributor. […] In conclusion, high BMI, occupational exposure to formaldehyde and benzene, and smoking are pivotal risk factors for the incidence and mortality of AML.

• #25 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  The incidence of AML is differentially distributed across different SDI countries or regions. […] AML incidence is higher in the elderly and in men. […] The proportions of smoking, high body mass index, and occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde varied by region. […] The findings highlight the need for region-specific prevention and call for future research on preventive strategies and new treatments to lower AML incidence and improve patient outcomes. […] The global incidence of AML increased from 79,372 in 1990 to 144,645 in 2021. […] The death cases also showed an upward trend globally, with 130,189 cases in 2021 and DALYs increased slightly to 4,135,056 in 2021. […] In 2021, the high SDI quintile had the highest death cases, ASDR, DALYs and age-standardized DALY rate.

• #26 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia overall is estimated to be 6.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States. […] The incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia is 0.2 to 0.26 per 100,000 annually in the United States, which corresponds to 600-800 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia per year. […] Acute promyelocytic leukemia represents 10-15% of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia in adults. […] The incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia has increased over time from 1975-2008. […] The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. […] Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults but is rare in children. […] The rate of therapy-related Acute myeloid leukemia (that is, acute myeloid leukemia caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising. Therapy-related disease currently accounts for about 10-20% of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia.

• #27 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  The rate of therapy-related AML (AML caused by previous chemotherapy) is expected to rise with an increase in the use of chemotherapy, an ageing population and more patients surviving their initial chemotherapy treatment; therapy-related disease accounts for just under 10% of all cases of AML. […] AML is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 to 1.4:1. Incidence is also seen to differ by ethnicity, with caucasians having higher recorded incidences and the lowest recorded incidences being in Pacific Islanders and native Alaskans. […] In the UK, AML accounts for 31% of all leukemia cases, and around 3,100 people were diagnosed with the disease each year in 2016-2018.

• #28 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602346/all/Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia?q=Gastric+tumor

  AML is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults with an estimated 19,940 new cases in 2020. Median age at presentation is around 65 years. Risk factors are similar to those of MDS. Antecedent MDS or myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as certain bone-marrow failure syndromes and familial cancer syndromes increase the risk of AML.

• #29 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. […] From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region.

• #30 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Management Surveillance of survivors treated with Chemotherapy and radiation […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Cardiac testing […] Echocardiogram every 2 years […] Electrocardiogram baseline and every 2 years […] MUGA Scan (Multi Gated Acquisition Scan, radionuclide angiography) every 5 years […] Holter Monitor every 5 years.

• #31 Pre-emptive detection and evolution of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometric measurable residual disease surveillance | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02300-z

  Our results point to standard flow cytometric MRD as a highly specific predictor of relapse (98% 0.1%, 92% 0.05%) in higher risk AML for monitoring off-treatment by different-from-normal analysis. […] Importantly this study demonstrates the potential of computational unsupervised pipelines for analysis of flow cytometric MRD, not only to facilitate standardised interpretation but also to objectively distinguish aberrant immunophenotypes that have the greatest accuracy for pre-emptive relapse detection. […] These results require validation with larger data sets and there are other limitations to consider. Aberrant subpopulation evolution is likely to depend on preceding treatments; the majority of our paired MRD and relapse samples were post-transplant.

• #32 Pre-emptive detection and evolution of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometric measurable residual disease surveillance | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02300-z

  Measurable residual disease (MRD) surveillance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may identify patients destined for relapse and thus provide the option of pre-emptive therapy to improve their outcome. […] Flow MRD surveillance can detect MRD relapse in high risk AML and its evaluation may be enhanced by computational analysis. […] Detection of impending relapse in acute leukemias allows selection of patients for pre-emptive therapies that may avoid ultimate treatment failure but also the challenges of cytoreduction and morbidities following hematological relapse. […] Although flow cytometric MRD has the advantage of rapid turn-around time in addition to a sensitivity of at least 10-4, the current dependence on manual analysis of bidimensional plots can lead to inconsistent quantitation according to expertise and also limit the potential of deeper-immunophenotyping for further optimization.

• #33 Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Epidemiology and Etiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-72304-2_3

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults, yet continues to have the lowest survival rate of all leukemias. […] While results of treatment have improved steadily in younger adults over the past 20 years, there have been limited changes in survival among individuals of age 60 years. […] Acute myeloid leukemia: Epidemiology and clinical burden. […] Epidemiology of acute leukemia in children and adults. […] Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930-1998. […] The challenge of acute myeloid leukemia in older patients. […] Cancer prevalence in the UK: Results from the EUROPREVAL study. […] The epidemiology of acute promyelocytic leukemia. […] Acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients: Survival of a large population irrespectively of treatment protocol enrollment, role of aggressive versus non-aggressive treatment.

• #34 Facility type and volume impact outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia—a National Cancer Database Study – Taylor – Annals of Cancer Epidemiology

  https://ace.amegroups.org/article/view/7834/html

  Outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) differ based on academic affiliation and case volume. The primary objective examined the impact of treatment facility type, and volume on time to treatment (TTT). Secondary objectives evaluated these same facility characteristics on overall survival (OS), receipt of chemotherapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and/or palliative care. […] Among 124,988 patients, TTT was shorter at all facility types compared to community cancer programs [comprehensive community cancer programs: hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.171.26; academic centers: HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.131.22; integrated network cancer programs: HR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.241.34] (P0.001 for all). OS was higher at academic centers compared to all other facility types (HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.870.93, P0.001), and worse at low compared to high volume facilities (HR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.121.16, P0.001).

• #35 Facility type and volume impact outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia—a National Cancer Database Study – Taylor – Annals of Cancer Epidemiology

  https://ace.amegroups.org/article/view/7834/html

  Our findings emphasize the need to optimize care in all treatment facilities for better patient outcomes. […] Differences exist in outcomes in AML patients based on treatment facility type, volume, and racial/ethnic background. It is imperative to increase access at multiple levels to ensure equitable care for all AML patients. […] Our study demonstrated significant differences in TTT, OS, and receipt of chemotherapy, allogeneic HSCT, and/or palliative care by facility type and volume. These findings suggest a clinically important discrepancy in care available at academic versus non-academic centers and at low versus high volume facilities.

• #36 Epidemiology data for acute myeloid leukaemia and the ALESE study – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/video/6594-epidemiology-data-for-acute-myeloid-leukaemia-and-the-alese-study

  We want to know are there cytogenetic lesions associated with this in acute myeloid leukaemia patients but we now want to start drilling down more deeply, and thats our plan in the next two years, at the actual sequencing data. […] We did find that some of these occupational exposures were significantly associated with specific cytogenetic risk groups.

• #37 Acute myeloid leukemia: does sex matter? | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02435-z

  AML is more prevalent in men, with an incidence of around 4.5 per 100,000 males compared to 3.0 per 100,000 females across different age groups. […] While some studies suggest that males may be diagnosed with AML at a slightly younger age compared to females, the differences are generally small and may not be consistent across all populations. […] Already in the premalignant state of clonal hematopoiesis, sex-specific mutational patterns have been observed in two large lifeline cohorts. […] The sex differences also translate in prognosis and survival rate differences between female and male AML patients. […] Although patient outcomes are also influenced by multiple factors such as age, genetic mutations, and comorbid conditions, sex is frequently identified as an independent risk factor.

• #38 Acute myeloid leukemia: does sex matter? | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02435-z

  For MDS, the retrospective analysis of the GeoMed consortium including over 13,000 patients demonstrated that outcome prediction scores could be optimized by including sex, thereby resulting in an improved personalized sex-informed approach. […] In AML, sex-stratified analyses from recent key clinical trials reveal diverse responses. […] The complexity of these findings underscores the necessity for larger studies in AML, based on which a sex-nuanced approach to treating AML can be invented. […] In conclusion, disease biology and AML outcomes differ significantly between female and male patients. This highlights the importance of considering sex as a factor in AML management, especially with the recent increase in novel targeted strategies. Ultimately, prognostication and therapeutic strategies in AML could be improved by incorporating sex-specific considerations.

• #39 Acute myeloid leukaemia in the Johannesburg public sector: A laboratory-based study | Vaughan | South African Journal of Oncology

  https://sajo.org.za/index.php/sajo/article/view/283/812

  Exploration of measures to reduce sepsis-related mortality and further study of differences in local disease biology are required. […] Data relating to the epidemiology and outcomes of AML in Africa is sparse, with the published literature being confined to aspects of the mutational profile in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) and clinico-pathological features of APL. […] This study has confirmed the very different disease distribution of AML in the South African setting compared to that seen in high-income countries. […] Despite the dominance of seemingly low-risk disease, outcomes appeared overall poor in this study, with 12-month follow-up rates of 38.8%, 16.7% and 0% in the children, younger adults and older adults, respectively. […] The low median follow-up time in low-risk patients was largely because of high early drop-off rates in patients with APL and AML with NPM1, possibly reflecting delays in patient referral and commencement of ATRA therapy for the former, and a significant contribution from hyperleukocytosis-related mortality to the latter.

• #40 Acute myeloid leukaemia in the Johannesburg public sector: A laboratory-based study | Vaughan | South African Journal of Oncology

  https://sajo.org.za/index.php/sajo/article/view/283/812

  Lastly, the high early drop-off and sepsis-related mortality rates in this study testify to the inadequacies of the state-sector healthcare system in Johannesburg, with staff and drug shortages, as well as insufficient access to intensive care facilities leaving patients with acute leukaemia vulnerable.

• #41

  http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcb/article/view/593

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequent form of acute leukemia among adults and the most aggressive type of leukemia, which is associated with the lowest survival rate. […] The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological and response profiles of AML adults patients in Morocco. […] The median age of AML at diagnosis (in the late sixties), varied from 63 to 71 years and males are more likely to develop this cancer than females. […] However, in developing countries such as Morocco, there is little published informations about the epidemiology and survival of AML patients and there are big differences among AML patients between countries due to socioeconomic, genetic and environmental factors. […] The aim of the present work was to study the epidemiological, cytologic, cytogenetic characteristics and response profiles of acute myeloid leukemia patients in Morocco.

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