Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Myocardial ischemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow.

• #2 Myocardial ischemia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #3 Myocardial ischemia: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia may lead to more severe heart conditions, such as a heart attack. Identifying symptoms as early as possible can help prevent serious complications. […] A person can take steps to lead a heart-healthy lifestyle to help prevent atherosclerosis. […] A person can: follow a heart-healthy diet, which includes a diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein-rich foods […] maintain a body mass index within recommended parameters […] take part in regular physical activity […] take steps to manage stress where possible […] quit or avoid smoking […] get enough good-quality sleep […] blood pressure and cholesterol management […] diabetes management, if applicable. […] Regular medical checkups may also help identify risk factors early.

• #4 Silent Myocardial Ischemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536915/

  Primary prevention of silent myocardial ischemia involves comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce the likelihood of developing CAD and subsequent ischemic events. Preventive measures include adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco use. Additionally, managing hypertension and DM and optimizing lipid levels also reduce the risk of developing this condition. Regular medical check-ups and screenings for cardiovascular risk factors, along with appropriate management of any identified risk factors, are crucial for early detection and intervention to prevent the onset of silent ischemia and its associated complications.

• #5 Myocardial ischemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow.

• #6 Myocardial ischemia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #7 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Healthy habits are the best defense against heart disease. […] You can reduce some risk factors for heart disease by not smoking, exercising, eating healthy, getting enough sleep and being at a healthy weight. […] You should also work with your health care professional to keep your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar at healthy levels. […] A healthy diet is one of the best weapons to fight heart disease. […] The food you eat can affect other controllable risk factors: cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar levels and weight. […] To stay at a healthy weight, balance your diet with your physical activity so you burn up as many calories as you take in. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Those numbers need to get down and stay down. […] At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.

• #8 Myocardial Ischemia or Cardiac Ischemia: Symptoms and Causes | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/myocardial-ischemia

  The purpose of treatment is to increase blood circulation to the heart muscle. Which treatment modality is suitable for you depends on the cause of ischemia. […] Medications such as baby aspirin, clopidogrel, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and ACE inhibitors may be beneficial. […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing the risk of developing myocardial ischemia. […] Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid saturated fat and keep your cholesterol at the recommended level. […] Exercise regularly. […] Maintain a healthy weight. […] Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. […] Manage your medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia which can increase the risk of myocardial ischemia and infarction. […] Manage your stress by practicing muscle relaxation and breathing techniques. […] Have a regular medical checkup which can help you detect the disease at the early stage.

• #9 Myocardial ischemia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: Quit smoking. Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation strategies. Also try to avoid secondhand smoke. Manage underlying health conditions. Treat diseases or conditions that can increase your risk of myocardial ischemia, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Eat a healthy diet. Limit saturated fat and eat lots of whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Know your cholesterol numbers and ask your doctor if you’ve reduced them to the recommended level. Exercise. Talk to your doctor about starting a safe exercise plan to improve blood flow to your heart. Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, talk to your doctor about weight-loss options. Decrease stress. Practice healthy techniques for managing stress, such as muscle relaxation and deep breathing. […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #10 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Prevention of coronary artery disease involves modifying atherosclerosis risk factors: […] The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends using the pooled cohort risk assessment equations to estimate lifetime and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. […] Smoking cessation […] Weight loss […] Healthful diet […] Regular exercise […] Modification of serum lipid levels […] Reduction of salt intake […] Control of hypertension […] Control of diabetes. […] Modification of serum lipid levels (particularly with statins) may slow or even partially reverse the progression of CAD. […] Aspirin is not recommended for primary prevention of CAD in patients 60 years. […] It can be considered for patients aged 40 to 59 years whose 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease exceeds 10%, but absolute benefit is likely to be small.

• #11

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/prevention/

  There are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), such as lowering your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. […] You should also try to avoid too much sugar in your diet, as this can increase your chances of developing diabetes, which is proven to significantly increase your chances of developing CHD. […] If you smoke, giving up will reduce your risk of developing CHD. […] You have a greater chance of developing CHD if you have diabetes. You can help lower your risk of heart problems by being physically active and controlling your weight. […] If you do not have CHD but have high cholesterol, high blood pressure or a history of family heart disease, your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent you developing heart-related problems.

• #12 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Quitting tobacco products. This includes smokeless tobacco and all vaping products. […] Exercising regularly. Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days a week. […] Eating nutritious foods. Examples include the Mediterranean or Dash diets. Eating plant-based meals is an excellent alternative to eating lots of processed meats and saturated fats. […] Maintaining a weight thats healthy for you. Your primary care provider can advise you on a healthy target weight and provide resources and guidance to help you reach that goal. […] Managing your existing health conditions. This includes high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Reducing your stress. Consider techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and meditation. […] Taking your medications as prescribed. Dont just take medications when you remember to or when you have a doctors appointment coming up.

• #13

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/

  There are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of having a heart attack (or having another heart attack): […] smokers should quit smoking […] lose weight if you’re overweight or obese […] do regular exercise adults should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week, unless advised otherwise by the doctor in charge of your care […] eat a low-fat, high-fibre diet, including wholegrains and at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day […] moderate your alcohol consumption.

• #14 Myocardial Ischemia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17848-myocardial-ischemia

  Your healthcare provider may recommend medications or lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of myocardial ischemia. […] Taking a baby aspirin (or another dose your provider suggests for you) every day to prevent a heart attack. People who cant take aspirin can take clopidogrel. […] Get treatment for diabetes. […] Get treatment for high blood pressure. […] Get treatment for high cholesterol. […] Exercise 30 to 60 minutes on most days. […] Eat less fat and lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. […] Dont use tobacco products.

• #15 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Healthy habits are the best defense against heart disease. […] You can reduce some risk factors for heart disease by not smoking, exercising, eating healthy, getting enough sleep and being at a healthy weight. […] You should also work with your health care professional to keep your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar at healthy levels. […] A healthy diet is one of the best weapons to fight heart disease. […] The food you eat can affect other controllable risk factors: cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar levels and weight. […] To stay at a healthy weight, balance your diet with your physical activity so you burn up as many calories as you take in. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Those numbers need to get down and stay down. […] At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.

• #16 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/acute-myocardial-infarction

  There are many steps you can take to prevent a heart attack, even if you’ve had one before. […] One way to lower your risk is to eat a heart-healthy diet. This diet should largely consist of: whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean protein. […] Exercising several times a week will also improve your cardiovascular health. If you’ve had a heart attack recently, you should speak with your doctor before starting a new exercise plan. […] It’s also important to stop smoking if you smoke. Quitting smoking will significantly lower your risk of a heart attack and improve both your heart and lung health. You should also avoid being around secondhand smoke. […] Not only can making changes to your diet and lifestyle promote recovery after a heart attack, but it can also prevent heart attacks from occurring again in the future.

• #17

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/prevention/

  There are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), such as lowering your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. […] You should also try to avoid too much sugar in your diet, as this can increase your chances of developing diabetes, which is proven to significantly increase your chances of developing CHD. […] If you smoke, giving up will reduce your risk of developing CHD. […] You have a greater chance of developing CHD if you have diabetes. You can help lower your risk of heart problems by being physically active and controlling your weight. […] If you do not have CHD but have high cholesterol, high blood pressure or a history of family heart disease, your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent you developing heart-related problems.

• #18 First in a series on myocardial infarction: Secondary prevention after MI – the role of the Junior Doctor

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-14/First-in-a-series-on-myocardial-infarction-Secondary-prevention-after-MI-the-role-of-the-Junior-Doctor

  Lifestyle changes after MI are associated with improved prognosis in randomised trials and in observational studies: a meta-analysis of smoking cessation after a myocardial infarction showed a relative risk reduction for coronary mortality of 46%, and a Cochrane meta-analysis reported a 36% reduction in all-cause mortality. […] All patients who smoke should be advised to quit and be offered assistance from a smoking cessation service in line with Brief interventions and referral for smoking cessation in primary care and other settings (NICE public health intervention guidance 1). […] Studies have suggested that a significant proportion of CHD patients were on suboptimal secondary prevention drug therapies at the point of their re-admission to hospital with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) despite ESC/AHA/ACC/NICE guidelines.

• #19 Myocardial ischemia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: Quit smoking. Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation strategies. Also try to avoid secondhand smoke. Manage underlying health conditions. Treat diseases or conditions that can increase your risk of myocardial ischemia, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Eat a healthy diet. Limit saturated fat and eat lots of whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Know your cholesterol numbers and ask your doctor if you’ve reduced them to the recommended level. Exercise. Talk to your doctor about starting a safe exercise plan to improve blood flow to your heart. Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, talk to your doctor about weight-loss options. Decrease stress. Practice healthy techniques for managing stress, such as muscle relaxation and deep breathing. […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #20 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #21 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #22 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Healthy habits are the best defense against heart disease. […] You can reduce some risk factors for heart disease by not smoking, exercising, eating healthy, getting enough sleep and being at a healthy weight. […] You should also work with your health care professional to keep your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar at healthy levels. […] A healthy diet is one of the best weapons to fight heart disease. […] The food you eat can affect other controllable risk factors: cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar levels and weight. […] To stay at a healthy weight, balance your diet with your physical activity so you burn up as many calories as you take in. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Those numbers need to get down and stay down. […] At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.

• #23 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #24 Myocardial ischemia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: Quit smoking. Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation strategies. Also try to avoid secondhand smoke. Manage underlying health conditions. Treat diseases or conditions that can increase your risk of myocardial ischemia, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Eat a healthy diet. Limit saturated fat and eat lots of whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Know your cholesterol numbers and ask your doctor if you’ve reduced them to the recommended level. Exercise. Talk to your doctor about starting a safe exercise plan to improve blood flow to your heart. Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, talk to your doctor about weight-loss options. Decrease stress. Practice healthy techniques for managing stress, such as muscle relaxation and deep breathing. […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #25 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Quitting tobacco products. This includes smokeless tobacco and all vaping products. […] Exercising regularly. Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days a week. […] Eating nutritious foods. Examples include the Mediterranean or Dash diets. Eating plant-based meals is an excellent alternative to eating lots of processed meats and saturated fats. […] Maintaining a weight thats healthy for you. Your primary care provider can advise you on a healthy target weight and provide resources and guidance to help you reach that goal. […] Managing your existing health conditions. This includes high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Reducing your stress. Consider techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and meditation. […] Taking your medications as prescribed. Dont just take medications when you remember to or when you have a doctors appointment coming up.

• #26 Myocardial Ischemia or Cardiac Ischemia: Symptoms and Causes | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/myocardial-ischemia

  The purpose of treatment is to increase blood circulation to the heart muscle. Which treatment modality is suitable for you depends on the cause of ischemia. […] Medications such as baby aspirin, clopidogrel, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and ACE inhibitors may be beneficial. […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing the risk of developing myocardial ischemia. […] Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid saturated fat and keep your cholesterol at the recommended level. […] Exercise regularly. […] Maintain a healthy weight. […] Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. […] Manage your medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia which can increase the risk of myocardial ischemia and infarction. […] Manage your stress by practicing muscle relaxation and breathing techniques. […] Have a regular medical checkup which can help you detect the disease at the early stage.

• #27 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #28 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Quitting tobacco products. This includes smokeless tobacco and all vaping products. […] Exercising regularly. Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days a week. […] Eating nutritious foods. Examples include the Mediterranean or Dash diets. Eating plant-based meals is an excellent alternative to eating lots of processed meats and saturated fats. […] Maintaining a weight thats healthy for you. Your primary care provider can advise you on a healthy target weight and provide resources and guidance to help you reach that goal. […] Managing your existing health conditions. This includes high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Reducing your stress. Consider techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and meditation. […] Taking your medications as prescribed. Dont just take medications when you remember to or when you have a doctors appointment coming up.

• #29 Prevention of myocardial infarction through moderate alcohol consumption: The benefits of red wine | Observatoire de la prévention de l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal

  https://observatoireprevention.org/en/2024/01/12/prevention-of-myocardial-infarction-through-moderate-alcohol-consumption-the-benefits-of-red-wine/

  A very large number of studies have clearly shown that moderate alcohol intake is associated with a significant reduction in coronary heart disease and premature mortality. […] An impressive number of population-based studies have reported a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease like myocardial infarction, in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol. […] It is important to note that these beneficial effects of moderate quantities of alcohol on the risk of heart attack have been systematically observed in ALL large-scale studies carried out over the last 50 years, including the most recent ones that question the benefits of low-dose alcohol. […] In sum, an unbiased reading of the research of the last 50 years leads to the conclusion that if the negative effects associated with excessive alcohol consumption are indisputable, so are the positive effects of moderate consumption, particularly with regard to the prevention of myocardial infarction.

• #30 Prevention of myocardial infarction through moderate alcohol consumption: The benefits of red wine | Observatoire de la prévention de l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal

  https://observatoireprevention.org/en/2024/01/12/prevention-of-myocardial-infarction-through-moderate-alcohol-consumption-the-benefits-of-red-wine/

  For example, a French study showed that among heart attack survivors, moderate wine consumption (2-4 glasses per day) was associated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular complications of the same order as that observed in healthy people. […] It has been proposed that this phenomenon could contribute to the low incidence of coronary mortality observed in France compared to several other countries, despite a diet very rich in saturated fat and high blood cholesterol levels. […] Overall, these observations suggest that the risk of developing certain cancers linked to alcohol consumption is generally lower among wine drinkers than among those who drink other types of alcohol. […] However, for people who regularly drink alcohol, there is little doubt that a moderate intake of red wine represents the best choice to reap the benefits of alcohol in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease while minimizing its negative effects on cancer risk.

• #31 Silent Myocardial Ischemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536915/

  Primary prevention of silent myocardial ischemia involves comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce the likelihood of developing CAD and subsequent ischemic events. Preventive measures include adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco use. Additionally, managing hypertension and DM and optimizing lipid levels also reduce the risk of developing this condition. Regular medical check-ups and screenings for cardiovascular risk factors, along with appropriate management of any identified risk factors, are crucial for early detection and intervention to prevent the onset of silent ischemia and its associated complications.

• #32 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Healthy habits are the best defense against heart disease. […] You can reduce some risk factors for heart disease by not smoking, exercising, eating healthy, getting enough sleep and being at a healthy weight. […] You should also work with your health care professional to keep your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar at healthy levels. […] A healthy diet is one of the best weapons to fight heart disease. […] The food you eat can affect other controllable risk factors: cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar levels and weight. […] To stay at a healthy weight, balance your diet with your physical activity so you burn up as many calories as you take in. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Those numbers need to get down and stay down. […] At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.

• #33 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  The pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension (HT) prevents the appearance of cardiovascular disease in the general population. […] All these findings indicate that the reduction in blood pressure per se improves the cardiovascular prognosis of the diabetic patient and the benefit is greater with stricter control of blood pressure. […] The recommendation for using aspirin in primary prevention in diabetics is type 2A in patients over 50 years without contraindications, according to the sixth ACCCP Consensus Conference on antithrombotic therapy, whereas the American Diabetes Association recommends the use of low-dose aspirin in type 1 or 2 diabetics over the age of 30 years at high risk. […] Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes benefit more than non-diabetics from intensive antithrombotic treatment with clopidogrel or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added to aspirin and heparin treatment in episodes without ST-segment elevation, and fibrinolytic treatment in cases of ST-segment elevation or left bundle-branch block.

• #34 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  The pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension (HT) prevents the appearance of cardiovascular disease in the general population. […] All these findings indicate that the reduction in blood pressure per se improves the cardiovascular prognosis of the diabetic patient and the benefit is greater with stricter control of blood pressure. […] The recommendation for using aspirin in primary prevention in diabetics is type 2A in patients over 50 years without contraindications, according to the sixth ACCCP Consensus Conference on antithrombotic therapy, whereas the American Diabetes Association recommends the use of low-dose aspirin in type 1 or 2 diabetics over the age of 30 years at high risk. […] Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes benefit more than non-diabetics from intensive antithrombotic treatment with clopidogrel or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors added to aspirin and heparin treatment in episodes without ST-segment elevation, and fibrinolytic treatment in cases of ST-segment elevation or left bundle-branch block.

• #35

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

  Evidence from 18 countries has shown that hypertension programmes can be implemented efficiently and cost-effectively at the primary care level which will ultimately result in reduced coronary heart disease and stroke. […] Target 8: At least 50% of eligible people should receive drug therapy and counselling (including glycaemic control) to prevent heart attacks and strokes by 2025.

• #36 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Prevention of coronary artery disease involves modifying atherosclerosis risk factors: […] The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends using the pooled cohort risk assessment equations to estimate lifetime and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. […] Smoking cessation […] Weight loss […] Healthful diet […] Regular exercise […] Modification of serum lipid levels […] Reduction of salt intake […] Control of hypertension […] Control of diabetes. […] Modification of serum lipid levels (particularly with statins) may slow or even partially reverse the progression of CAD. […] Aspirin is not recommended for primary prevention of CAD in patients 60 years. […] It can be considered for patients aged 40 to 59 years whose 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease exceeds 10%, but absolute benefit is likely to be small.

• #37 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  Unless formal contraindications are present, diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease, particularly those with previous myocardial infarction, should always be treated with aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, regardless of lipid levels, left ventricular systolic function or the presence of congestive heart failure. […] Primary prevention measures must address health and diet (beginning with adequate control of diet and excess weight, frequent moderate physical exercise, and the absolute cessation of smoking) and pharmacological treatment. […] The present recommendations for the treatment of hyperlipidemia of the American Diabetes Association, AHA and the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III) establish the common therapeutic goal for all diabetics of reaching C-LDL 130 mg/dL, whereas it is considered optional between 100 and 129 mg/dL.

• #38 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  For this reason, in addition to non-pharmacological prevention measures and control of glycemia, the strict application of effective pharmacological measures of primary prevention is particularly important. At present, there is enough evidence to recommend treatment with statins and ACEIs in all diabetic patients, regardless of their lipid profile and blood pressure levels.

• #39 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #40 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] But even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] If you have diabetes, regular medical checkups are critical to help keep blood sugar under control. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Find healthy ways to manage stress. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

• #41

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2025/03210/study_on_secondary_prevention_and_the_impact_of.68.aspx

  These findings suggest a negative correlation between the number of controlled risk factors and the occurrence of MI events, indicating that the more risk factors controlled, the lower the risk of MI events. […] This study revealed significant improvements in risk factors among young CHD patients during the intervention period, particularly in smoking cessation and diabetes management. […] Therefore, smoking cessation should be a core component of secondary prevention for CHD. […] The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c7.0% increased from 81.0% to 84.5% (P=.039), highlighting the positive impact of glycemic management in preventing MI. […] This improvement highlights the efficacy of LDL-C reduction in lowering MI risk, consistent with the benefits of statin therapy. […] These findings underscore the necessity of multifactorial interventions in secondary prevention.

• #42 Silent Myocardial Ischemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536915/

  In patients already diagnosed with asymptomatic or symptomatic ischemia, cardiac rehabilitation programs are highly recommended to manage modifiable risk factors, handle stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve exercise capacity after hospitalization. This approach can help decrease morbidity and mortality. CAD risk factors should be treated aggressively in a patient with DM. The best approach is to perform screening ECG during yearly follow-ups.

• #43 Myocardial ischemia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: Quit smoking. Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation strategies. Also try to avoid secondhand smoke. Manage underlying health conditions. Treat diseases or conditions that can increase your risk of myocardial ischemia, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Eat a healthy diet. Limit saturated fat and eat lots of whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Know your cholesterol numbers and ask your doctor if you’ve reduced them to the recommended level. Exercise. Talk to your doctor about starting a safe exercise plan to improve blood flow to your heart. Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, talk to your doctor about weight-loss options. Decrease stress. Practice healthy techniques for managing stress, such as muscle relaxation and deep breathing. […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #44 Myocardial ischemia – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375422

  The goal of myocardial ischemia treatment is to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Depending on the severity of your condition, your doctor may recommend medications, surgery or both. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #45 Myocardial ischemia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/myocardial-ischemia

  Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. […] Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is important in treating and preventing myocardial ischemia. […] The same lifestyle habits that can help treat myocardial ischemia can also help prevent it from developing in the first place. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong, elastic and smooth, and allow for maximum blood flow. […] Lifestyle changes are an important part of treatment. To follow a heart-healthy lifestyle: […] It’s important to have regular medical checkups. Some of the main risk factors for myocardial ischemia high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes have no symptoms in the early stages. Early detection and treatment can set the stage for a lifetime of better heart health.

• #46 Myocardial Ischemia or Cardiac Ischemia: Symptoms and Causes | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/myocardial-ischemia

  The purpose of treatment is to increase blood circulation to the heart muscle. Which treatment modality is suitable for you depends on the cause of ischemia. […] Medications such as baby aspirin, clopidogrel, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and ACE inhibitors may be beneficial. […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing the risk of developing myocardial ischemia. […] Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid saturated fat and keep your cholesterol at the recommended level. […] Exercise regularly. […] Maintain a healthy weight. […] Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. […] Manage your medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia which can increase the risk of myocardial ischemia and infarction. […] Manage your stress by practicing muscle relaxation and breathing techniques. […] Have a regular medical checkup which can help you detect the disease at the early stage.

• #47 Silent Myocardial Ischemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536915/

  In patients already diagnosed with asymptomatic or symptomatic ischemia, cardiac rehabilitation programs are highly recommended to manage modifiable risk factors, handle stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve exercise capacity after hospitalization. This approach can help decrease morbidity and mortality. CAD risk factors should be treated aggressively in a patient with DM. The best approach is to perform screening ECG during yearly follow-ups.

• #48 First in a series on myocardial infarction: Secondary prevention after MI – the role of the Junior Doctor

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-14/First-in-a-series-on-myocardial-infarction-Secondary-prevention-after-MI-the-role-of-the-Junior-Doctor

  Since the late 1990s the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) has documented the reduction in mortality resulting from changes in acute treatment of MI and the application of secondary prevention measures. […] Up to 45% of deaths following a myocardial infarction could be prevented with the correct secondary prevention strategy, and this can be achieved only if Junior Doctors adhere to all current guidelines available (ESC, AHA, NICE). […] Evidence shows that effective secondary prevention measures outlined in clinical practice guidelines can significantly reduce the risk of a subsequent cardiovascular event. […] Without secondary prevention, one in five people who survive an MI have a second cardiovascular event (MI, stroke, arrhythmias, etc.) in the first year, even when receiving optimal acute treatment and care. Current evidence suggests that the earlier the secondary prevention measures are implemented the better the results are.

• #49 First in a series on myocardial infarction: Secondary prevention after MI – the role of the Junior Doctor

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-14/First-in-a-series-on-myocardial-infarction-Secondary-prevention-after-MI-the-role-of-the-Junior-Doctor

  Since the late 1990s the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) has documented the reduction in mortality resulting from changes in acute treatment of MI and the application of secondary prevention measures. […] Up to 45% of deaths following a myocardial infarction could be prevented with the correct secondary prevention strategy, and this can be achieved only if Junior Doctors adhere to all current guidelines available (ESC, AHA, NICE). […] Evidence shows that effective secondary prevention measures outlined in clinical practice guidelines can significantly reduce the risk of a subsequent cardiovascular event. […] Without secondary prevention, one in five people who survive an MI have a second cardiovascular event (MI, stroke, arrhythmias, etc.) in the first year, even when receiving optimal acute treatment and care. Current evidence suggests that the earlier the secondary prevention measures are implemented the better the results are.

• #50 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  Unless formal contraindications are present, diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease, particularly those with previous myocardial infarction, should always be treated with aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, regardless of lipid levels, left ventricular systolic function or the presence of congestive heart failure. […] Primary prevention measures must address health and diet (beginning with adequate control of diet and excess weight, frequent moderate physical exercise, and the absolute cessation of smoking) and pharmacological treatment. […] The present recommendations for the treatment of hyperlipidemia of the American Diabetes Association, AHA and the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III) establish the common therapeutic goal for all diabetics of reaching C-LDL 130 mg/dL, whereas it is considered optional between 100 and 129 mg/dL.

• #51 Myocardial Ischemia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17848-myocardial-ischemia

  Your healthcare provider may recommend medications or lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of myocardial ischemia. […] Taking a baby aspirin (or another dose your provider suggests for you) every day to prevent a heart attack. People who cant take aspirin can take clopidogrel. […] Get treatment for diabetes. […] Get treatment for high blood pressure. […] Get treatment for high cholesterol. […] Exercise 30 to 60 minutes on most days. […] Eat less fat and lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. […] Dont use tobacco products.

• #52 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in the industrialised world, and although acute-phase treatments are highly efficacious, an appropriate secondary prevention approach is arguably the most important insurance for the patients long-term survival. […] Several large trials have revealed the potential benefit of secondary prevention that includes lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, smoking cessation) and medications. […] Unless specific contraindications exist, the use of aspirin is recommended in all patients with a previous AMI. […] The use of ACE inhibitors following AMI has been investigated in trials involving more than 100,000 patients. […] More than 80% of the benefit in patients allocated to ACE inhibitors was achieved in the first week after AMI.

• #53 Strategies for preventing another MI

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/strategies-preventing-another-mi/

  The AHA/ACCF guidelines recommend an untreated total cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL for children and 200 mg/dL for adults. […] Hypertension constricts arteries and blood vessels, which elevates a patients risk for another MI. […] Patients are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if they have three out of five of these risk factors: diabetes, low HDL, high triglycerides, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure. Managing these conditions reduces risk for another MI. […] If lifestyle modifications fail, medications are the next line of treatment for certain conditions. […] Patients who have had an MI are typically placed on a daily dose of 75 to 325 mg aspirin unless contraindicated. […] Beta blockers are part of the secondary prevention guidelines for patients who have had an MI or have left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 40%. […] Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part of the AHA/ACCF guidelines. […] The goals of prevention efforts after an MI are to control the progression of disease, reduce the risk of a reoccurrence, and increase quality of life.

• #54 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  A series of randomised trials reported in the 1980s showed that long-term administration of -blockers improves survival after MI. […] There is a widespread agreement that patients with pre-existing coronary disease should be offered lipid-lowering treatment. […] The recently completed Heart Protection Study (HPS) has confirmed the results of the previous trials and supports the use of statins in secondary prevention. […] A large-scale clinical trial of patients surviving recent MI, the GISSI Prevenzione, has provided evidence for n-3 PUFAs in reducing mortality. […] Lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions remain the key component of secondary prevention.

• #55 Strategies for preventing another MI

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/strategies-preventing-another-mi/

  The AHA/ACCF guidelines recommend an untreated total cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL for children and 200 mg/dL for adults. […] Hypertension constricts arteries and blood vessels, which elevates a patients risk for another MI. […] Patients are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if they have three out of five of these risk factors: diabetes, low HDL, high triglycerides, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure. Managing these conditions reduces risk for another MI. […] If lifestyle modifications fail, medications are the next line of treatment for certain conditions. […] Patients who have had an MI are typically placed on a daily dose of 75 to 325 mg aspirin unless contraindicated. […] Beta blockers are part of the secondary prevention guidelines for patients who have had an MI or have left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 40%. […] Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part of the AHA/ACCF guidelines. […] The goals of prevention efforts after an MI are to control the progression of disease, reduce the risk of a reoccurrence, and increase quality of life.

• #56 Approaches to the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638923/

  Goals for the perioperative management of patients with coronary artery disease include: * Prevent increases in sympathetic nervous system activity: reduce anxiety preoperatively; prevent stress response and release of catecholamines by appropriate use of opioids or volatile anesthetics and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; beta-blocker therapy should be initiated before and continued during and after the surgical procedure. * Decrease heart rate: reduction in heart rate increases oxygen supply to ischemic myocardium and reduces oxygen demand; the use of beta-blockers is the most effective means to reduce or attenuate deleterious increases in heart rate. * Preserve coronary perfusion pressure: decreases in diastolic arterial pressure in the presence of severe coronary artery stenoses will lead to decreases in blood flow; preservation of perfusion pressure by administration of fluid or phenylephrine or a reduction in anesthetic concentration may be critical. * Decrease myocardial contractility: reduces myocardial oxygen demand and can be accomplished with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists or volatile anesthetics. * Precondition myocardium against stunning and infarction: in the future, this may accomplished by stimulating the adenosine triphosphate- dependent potassium channel with agents such as volatile anesthetics and opioid delta1-receptor agonists.

• #57 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in the industrialised world, and although acute-phase treatments are highly efficacious, an appropriate secondary prevention approach is arguably the most important insurance for the patients long-term survival. […] Several large trials have revealed the potential benefit of secondary prevention that includes lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, smoking cessation) and medications. […] Unless specific contraindications exist, the use of aspirin is recommended in all patients with a previous AMI. […] The use of ACE inhibitors following AMI has been investigated in trials involving more than 100,000 patients. […] More than 80% of the benefit in patients allocated to ACE inhibitors was achieved in the first week after AMI.

• #58 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in the industrialised world, and although acute-phase treatments are highly efficacious, an appropriate secondary prevention approach is arguably the most important insurance for the patients long-term survival. […] Several large trials have revealed the potential benefit of secondary prevention that includes lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, smoking cessation) and medications. […] Unless specific contraindications exist, the use of aspirin is recommended in all patients with a previous AMI. […] The use of ACE inhibitors following AMI has been investigated in trials involving more than 100,000 patients. […] More than 80% of the benefit in patients allocated to ACE inhibitors was achieved in the first week after AMI.

• #59 Myocardial Ischemia or Cardiac Ischemia: Symptoms and Causes | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/myocardial-ischemia

  The purpose of treatment is to increase blood circulation to the heart muscle. Which treatment modality is suitable for you depends on the cause of ischemia. […] Medications such as baby aspirin, clopidogrel, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and ACE inhibitors may be beneficial. […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing the risk of developing myocardial ischemia. […] Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid saturated fat and keep your cholesterol at the recommended level. […] Exercise regularly. […] Maintain a healthy weight. […] Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. […] Manage your medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia which can increase the risk of myocardial ischemia and infarction. […] Manage your stress by practicing muscle relaxation and breathing techniques. […] Have a regular medical checkup which can help you detect the disease at the early stage.

• #60 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  A series of randomised trials reported in the 1980s showed that long-term administration of -blockers improves survival after MI. […] There is a widespread agreement that patients with pre-existing coronary disease should be offered lipid-lowering treatment. […] The recently completed Heart Protection Study (HPS) has confirmed the results of the previous trials and supports the use of statins in secondary prevention. […] A large-scale clinical trial of patients surviving recent MI, the GISSI Prevenzione, has provided evidence for n-3 PUFAs in reducing mortality. […] Lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions remain the key component of secondary prevention.

• #61 Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction – Hospital Pharmacy EuropeHospital Pharmacy Europe

  https://hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/clinical-zones/cardiovascular-medicine/secondary-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction/

  A series of randomised trials reported in the 1980s showed that long-term administration of -blockers improves survival after MI. […] There is a widespread agreement that patients with pre-existing coronary disease should be offered lipid-lowering treatment. […] The recently completed Heart Protection Study (HPS) has confirmed the results of the previous trials and supports the use of statins in secondary prevention. […] A large-scale clinical trial of patients surviving recent MI, the GISSI Prevenzione, has provided evidence for n-3 PUFAs in reducing mortality. […] Lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions remain the key component of secondary prevention.

• #62

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2025/03210/study_on_secondary_prevention_and_the_impact_of.68.aspx

  These findings suggest a negative correlation between the number of controlled risk factors and the occurrence of MI events, indicating that the more risk factors controlled, the lower the risk of MI events. […] This study revealed significant improvements in risk factors among young CHD patients during the intervention period, particularly in smoking cessation and diabetes management. […] Therefore, smoking cessation should be a core component of secondary prevention for CHD. […] The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c7.0% increased from 81.0% to 84.5% (P=.039), highlighting the positive impact of glycemic management in preventing MI. […] This improvement highlights the efficacy of LDL-C reduction in lowering MI risk, consistent with the benefits of statin therapy. […] These findings underscore the necessity of multifactorial interventions in secondary prevention.

• #63

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2025/03210/study_on_secondary_prevention_and_the_impact_of.68.aspx

  Comprehensive interventions in blood pressure, diabetes, LDL-C, smoking, and weight management are crucial for effectively reducing MI occurrence. […] In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of risk factor control in young CHD patients, particularly in interventions targeting smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Implementing multifactorial interventions significantly reduces MI incidence, providing effective strategies for secondary CHD prevention.

• #64 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  The incidence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients is so high that diabetes mellitus is currently defined as a cardiovascular disease equivalent. Furthermore, diabetic patients who develop acute coronary syndromes have a poorer short-term and long-term prognosis, so primary and secondary preventive measures are critically important in this population subgroup. […] There is substantial evidence that pharmacological therapy for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is more effective in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics. This article reviews the evidence of the efficacy of pharmacological prevention therapies in diabetic patients in favor of an aggressive pharmacological preventive strategy. Every diabetic patient without known cardiovascular disease should be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins. High-risk patients should also receive low-dose aspirin.

• #65 Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-prevention-treatment-ischemic-heart-disease-articulo-13038886

  The incidence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients is so high that diabetes mellitus is currently defined as a cardiovascular disease equivalent. Furthermore, diabetic patients who develop acute coronary syndromes have a poorer short-term and long-term prognosis, so primary and secondary preventive measures are critically important in this population subgroup. […] There is substantial evidence that pharmacological therapy for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is more effective in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics. This article reviews the evidence of the efficacy of pharmacological prevention therapies in diabetic patients in favor of an aggressive pharmacological preventive strategy. Every diabetic patient without known cardiovascular disease should be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins. High-risk patients should also receive low-dose aspirin.

• #66 Strategies for preventing another MI

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/strategies-preventing-another-mi/

  The AHA/ACCF guidelines recommend an untreated total cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL for children and 200 mg/dL for adults. […] Hypertension constricts arteries and blood vessels, which elevates a patients risk for another MI. […] Patients are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if they have three out of five of these risk factors: diabetes, low HDL, high triglycerides, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure. Managing these conditions reduces risk for another MI. […] If lifestyle modifications fail, medications are the next line of treatment for certain conditions. […] Patients who have had an MI are typically placed on a daily dose of 75 to 325 mg aspirin unless contraindicated. […] Beta blockers are part of the secondary prevention guidelines for patients who have had an MI or have left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 40%. […] Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part of the AHA/ACCF guidelines. […] The goals of prevention efforts after an MI are to control the progression of disease, reduce the risk of a reoccurrence, and increase quality of life.

• #67 Silent Myocardial Ischemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536915/

  In patients already diagnosed with asymptomatic or symptomatic ischemia, cardiac rehabilitation programs are highly recommended to manage modifiable risk factors, handle stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve exercise capacity after hospitalization. This approach can help decrease morbidity and mortality. CAD risk factors should be treated aggressively in a patient with DM. The best approach is to perform screening ECG during yearly follow-ups.

• #68 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Keeping all of your medical appointments. Seeing your healthcare providers regularly can help uncover heart-related issues or other medical problems you didnt know you had. This can also help treat problems sooner rather than later. […] If youve already had a heart attack, your healthcare provider will recommend a cardiac rehabilitation program. This programs goal is to reduce your chance of a second heart attack. These medically supervised programs provide counseling and focus on the same healthy living goals listed above.

• #69 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Keeping all of your medical appointments. Seeing your healthcare providers regularly can help uncover heart-related issues or other medical problems you didnt know you had. This can also help treat problems sooner rather than later. […] If youve already had a heart attack, your healthcare provider will recommend a cardiac rehabilitation program. This programs goal is to reduce your chance of a second heart attack. These medically supervised programs provide counseling and focus on the same healthy living goals listed above.

• #70 Counseling Patients on MI Recovery and Recurrence Prevention

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/counseling-patients-on-mi-recovery-and-recurrence-prevention

  However, nonadherence to these medications following MI occurs regularly and is associated with augmented risks of mortality and hospital readmission. […] Lack of adherence to secondary preventive care contributes to a greater likelihood of disease recurrence and treatment complications, and it may be a driver of increased healthcare costs. […] Pharmacists can provide patients with key information about the safety and efficacy of prescribed therapy and how to identify and address potential adverse effects. […] Pharmacists may direct patients to patient-education resources such as those listed in Table 2, and to AHA recommendations. […] Pharmacists may provide patients with pertinent information regarding risk factors and warning signs of MI and encourage them to maintain routine provider follow-up and have an open dialogue with their primary healthcare provider to establish a care plan to prevent or reduce the incidence of MI. […] Recovering from an MI can be challenging as patients adapt to medication regimens and lifestyle changes that are critical in preventing recurrence of MI.

• #71 University of California Health Myocardial Ischemia Trial → Secondary Event Prevention Using Population Risk Management After PCI and for Anti-Rheumatic Medications

  https://clinicaltrials.ucbraid.org/trial/NCT02694185

  Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and its treatment carry profound public health and economic implications. […] Optimal treatment of Veterans with IHD and rheumatic disease requires a number of medications to maintain or improve health. Not taking medications as prescribed, however, is common and increases the risk of subsequent adverse events (cardiac death and myocardial infarction [MI]). […] Widely-accepted national evidence-based guidelines support the use of cardio-protective medications to reduce the risk of adverse consequences resulting from IHD and disease modifying anti-rheumatic medications (DMARDs) to reduce the risk of adverse consequence in rheumatic diseases. […] Unfortunately, non-adherence to medications is common, and increases the risk of poor outcomes. […] The proposed intervention addresses both the complex patient-specific factors (emphasizing forgetfulness and carelessness) and the systematic inadequacies using a multi-modal, escalating approach.

• #72 Counseling Patients on MI Recovery and Recurrence Prevention

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/counseling-patients-on-mi-recovery-and-recurrence-prevention

  However, nonadherence to these medications following MI occurs regularly and is associated with augmented risks of mortality and hospital readmission. […] Lack of adherence to secondary preventive care contributes to a greater likelihood of disease recurrence and treatment complications, and it may be a driver of increased healthcare costs. […] Pharmacists can provide patients with key information about the safety and efficacy of prescribed therapy and how to identify and address potential adverse effects. […] Pharmacists may direct patients to patient-education resources such as those listed in Table 2, and to AHA recommendations. […] Pharmacists may provide patients with pertinent information regarding risk factors and warning signs of MI and encourage them to maintain routine provider follow-up and have an open dialogue with their primary healthcare provider to establish a care plan to prevent or reduce the incidence of MI. […] Recovering from an MI can be challenging as patients adapt to medication regimens and lifestyle changes that are critical in preventing recurrence of MI.

• #73 Heart Attack: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction

  Quitting tobacco products. This includes smokeless tobacco and all vaping products. […] Exercising regularly. Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days a week. […] Eating nutritious foods. Examples include the Mediterranean or Dash diets. Eating plant-based meals is an excellent alternative to eating lots of processed meats and saturated fats. […] Maintaining a weight thats healthy for you. Your primary care provider can advise you on a healthy target weight and provide resources and guidance to help you reach that goal. […] Managing your existing health conditions. This includes high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Reducing your stress. Consider techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and meditation. […] Taking your medications as prescribed. Dont just take medications when you remember to or when you have a doctors appointment coming up.

• #74 Approaches to the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638923/

  Goals for the perioperative management of patients with coronary artery disease include: * Prevent increases in sympathetic nervous system activity: reduce anxiety preoperatively; prevent stress response and release of catecholamines by appropriate use of opioids or volatile anesthetics and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; beta-blocker therapy should be initiated before and continued during and after the surgical procedure. * Decrease heart rate: reduction in heart rate increases oxygen supply to ischemic myocardium and reduces oxygen demand; the use of beta-blockers is the most effective means to reduce or attenuate deleterious increases in heart rate. * Preserve coronary perfusion pressure: decreases in diastolic arterial pressure in the presence of severe coronary artery stenoses will lead to decreases in blood flow; preservation of perfusion pressure by administration of fluid or phenylephrine or a reduction in anesthetic concentration may be critical. * Decrease myocardial contractility: reduces myocardial oxygen demand and can be accomplished with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists or volatile anesthetics. * Precondition myocardium against stunning and infarction: in the future, this may accomplished by stimulating the adenosine triphosphate- dependent potassium channel with agents such as volatile anesthetics and opioid delta1-receptor agonists.

• #75 Current Concepts in the Prevention of Perioperative Myocardial Injury

  http://www.transpopmed.org/articles/tppm/tppm-2020-7-127.php

  Perioperative myocardial injury is frequently caused by tachycardia from excessive sympathetic nervous system activity resulting from the surgical stimulation (type 2) rather than by rupture of atherosclerotic plaques with superimposed thrombosis (type 1). […] Treatments that prevent tachycardia by successfully controlling elevated sympathetic tone, like dexmedetomidine and thoracic epidural blockade with local anesthetic reduce troponin release and have been shown to prevent myocardial damage. […] Clinicians, therefore, need to focus their attention on heart rate control and the attenuation of the stress response to surgery, rather than on atherosclerotic plaque stability and antiplatelet drugs in order to successfully prevent perioperative myocardial injury. […] A number of different strategies have been employed to prevent myocardial injury (MI) in the perioperative period.

• #76 Current Concepts in the Prevention of Perioperative Myocardial Injury

  http://www.transpopmed.org/articles/tppm/tppm-2020-7-127.php

  This explains why treatments that control sympathetic tone are more effective in preventing perioperative MI in the operating and recovery rooms. […] In some randomized prospective trials statins and antiplatelet drugs have in fact failed to prevent perioperative MI. […] Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist that acts on the presynaptic nerve terminal of the adrenergic synapse and prevents the release of noradrenaline via a negative feedback inhibition. […] Several trials have found it to be associated with a decreased risk of myocardial ischemia and a reduced level of troponin and other biomarkers for myocardial damage in the perioperative period. […] Spinal and epidural anesthesia have been shown to be associated with a 33% reduction in the myocardial infarction rate and a 50% reduction in the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

• #77 Current Concepts in the Prevention of Perioperative Myocardial Injury

  http://www.transpopmed.org/articles/tppm/tppm-2020-7-127.php

  Beta blockers have been shown to be associated with a favorable small decrease in non-fatal myocardial infarction, but also an unfavorable increase in non-fatal ischemic strokes. […] Intravenous lidocaine blocks sympathetic nervous system mediated tachycardia and hypertension. […] Intravenous magnesium also blocks sympathetic nervous system mediated tachycardia and hypertension, and reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and infarct size in animal models. […] Preoperative anxiolysis is important, and dexmedetomidine is superior to midazolam for this purpose. […] Minimal invasive surgery has been shown to be effective in reducing MI. […] The current evidence suggests that perioperative statins may have a protective effect to prevent MINS, but not as effective as other methods that control tachycardia and the stress response to surgery.

• #78 Approaches to the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638923/

  Goals for the perioperative management of patients with coronary artery disease include: * Prevent increases in sympathetic nervous system activity: reduce anxiety preoperatively; prevent stress response and release of catecholamines by appropriate use of opioids or volatile anesthetics and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; beta-blocker therapy should be initiated before and continued during and after the surgical procedure. * Decrease heart rate: reduction in heart rate increases oxygen supply to ischemic myocardium and reduces oxygen demand; the use of beta-blockers is the most effective means to reduce or attenuate deleterious increases in heart rate. * Preserve coronary perfusion pressure: decreases in diastolic arterial pressure in the presence of severe coronary artery stenoses will lead to decreases in blood flow; preservation of perfusion pressure by administration of fluid or phenylephrine or a reduction in anesthetic concentration may be critical. * Decrease myocardial contractility: reduces myocardial oxygen demand and can be accomplished with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists or volatile anesthetics. * Precondition myocardium against stunning and infarction: in the future, this may accomplished by stimulating the adenosine triphosphate- dependent potassium channel with agents such as volatile anesthetics and opioid delta1-receptor agonists.

• #79 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to reduce infarct size substantially (30-80%) and can last for 2 to 3 hours after the preconditioning event, as well as having a second window of protection that occurs 24 hours after preconditioning and can last for about 48 hours. […] Ischemic post-conditioning, where the rate of reperfusion is slowed by short episodes of myocardial ischemia (using, for example, an angioplasty balloon) may also be effective in reducing MIR injury. […] An emerging body of experimental evidence as well as some clinical trials support the application of PBM in conjunction with routine cardiac interventions, which warrants a systematic review of PBM application and MIR injury. […] The aim of this contribution is to report the results of a systematic review into the experimental evidence in tissue studies, animal studies and clinical trials for the use of PBM in the treatment, intervention and management of myocardial reperfusion injury, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms and metabolic signalling pathways found to underpin this effect.

• #80 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to reduce infarct size substantially (30-80%) and can last for 2 to 3 hours after the preconditioning event, as well as having a second window of protection that occurs 24 hours after preconditioning and can last for about 48 hours. […] Ischemic post-conditioning, where the rate of reperfusion is slowed by short episodes of myocardial ischemia (using, for example, an angioplasty balloon) may also be effective in reducing MIR injury. […] An emerging body of experimental evidence as well as some clinical trials support the application of PBM in conjunction with routine cardiac interventions, which warrants a systematic review of PBM application and MIR injury. […] The aim of this contribution is to report the results of a systematic review into the experimental evidence in tissue studies, animal studies and clinical trials for the use of PBM in the treatment, intervention and management of myocardial reperfusion injury, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms and metabolic signalling pathways found to underpin this effect.

• #81 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is a negative pathophysiological event that may result in cardiac cell apoptosis and is a result of coronary revascularization and cardiac intervention procedures. […] Photobiomodulation is a novel cardiac intervention that has displayed therapeutic effects in reducing myocardial ischemia reperfusion related myocardial injury in animal models. […] A systematic review was conducted to identify the strength of the evidence for the therapeutic effect of photobiomodulation and to summarise the current evidence as to its mechanisms. […] Current evidence regarding the use of photobiomodulation in acute and planned cardiac intervention is at an early stage but is sufficient to inform on clinical trials. […] While there are many therapies to reduce the effect of ischemia, there has been less success in treating reperfusion injury, although a number of novel potential therapies have been proposed.

• #82 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  The most significant finding from this review was the positive effect of PBM on modulating infarct size and the improvement of cardiac remodelling. […] These results were achieved using a range of experimental designs, wavelengths and dosages. […] The reported effects of PBM on MIR injury were dose dependant and mirrored PBM effects that have been reported in the literature for treatment of conditions such as chronic pain, neurodegenerative disease, lymphoedema and macular degeneration. […] There appears to be wide windows for the dose and timing of PBM treatment. […] Evidence for treatment protocols from a range of animal studies and the clinical trial would seem to suggest that a combination of preconditioning, immediate and post-application (with red or infrared wavelengths of LED or Laser) produce the most positive effects.

• #83 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  The most significant finding from this review was the positive effect of PBM on modulating infarct size and the improvement of cardiac remodelling. […] These results were achieved using a range of experimental designs, wavelengths and dosages. […] The reported effects of PBM on MIR injury were dose dependant and mirrored PBM effects that have been reported in the literature for treatment of conditions such as chronic pain, neurodegenerative disease, lymphoedema and macular degeneration. […] There appears to be wide windows for the dose and timing of PBM treatment. […] Evidence for treatment protocols from a range of animal studies and the clinical trial would seem to suggest that a combination of preconditioning, immediate and post-application (with red or infrared wavelengths of LED or Laser) produce the most positive effects.

• #84 A Role for Photobiomodulation in the Prevention of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Potential Molecular Mechanisms | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42386

  The overall trend from the studies was a positive effect on mitochondrial respiration pathways, including an increase in the availability of ATP and nitric oxide (NO). […] Protection of the mitochondria, particularly the MPTP, has been called the Holy Grail of cardioprotection and phosphorylation events that regulate COX are ideal targets for therapeutic interventions. […] The effect of PBM on COX is generally accepted and is believed to be a major reason for the effect PBM on mitochondrial health. […] This could ultimately lead to improved tissue responses, including reduced infarct size and lower rates of restenosis. […] PBM is non-invasive, simple to administer, inexpensive and has no known side effects, unlike other interventions that appear to have limited evidence of efficacy and potentially deleterious side effects. […] The number of well-designed clinical trials is limited (one in this review), but the available evidence from animal and tissue studies suggest that further clinical trials are warranted.

• #85 Engineering of MSCs sheet for the prevention of myocardial ischemia and for left ventricle remodeling | Stem Cell Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-023-03322-7

  Tissue engineering combines cell biology and material science to construct tissues or organs for disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine. […] Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets in the prevention of myocardial ischemia and left ventricle remodeling. […] The potential of CM sheets and related 3D cardiac tissues in the regeneration of impaired myocardium is now under investigation, mostly in animal experiments. […] Transplanted CM sheets were found to be able to bridge the barrier between the myocardial tissue graft and the recipients heart, with an improvement in host ejection fraction and inhibition of left ventricular dilatation, thus preventing cardiac dysfunction and HF. […] Many preclinical studies have shown that MSC sheets can significantly improve cardiac function.

• #86 Engineering of MSCs sheet for the prevention of myocardial ischemia and for left ventricle remodeling | Stem Cell Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-023-03322-7

  Tissue engineering combines cell biology and material science to construct tissues or organs for disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine. […] Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets in the prevention of myocardial ischemia and left ventricle remodeling. […] The potential of CM sheets and related 3D cardiac tissues in the regeneration of impaired myocardium is now under investigation, mostly in animal experiments. […] Transplanted CM sheets were found to be able to bridge the barrier between the myocardial tissue graft and the recipients heart, with an improvement in host ejection fraction and inhibition of left ventricular dilatation, thus preventing cardiac dysfunction and HF. […] Many preclinical studies have shown that MSC sheets can significantly improve cardiac function.

• #87 Engineering of MSCs sheet for the prevention of myocardial ischemia and for left ventricle remodeling | Stem Cell Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-023-03322-7

  Tissue engineering combines cell biology and material science to construct tissues or organs for disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine. […] Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets in the prevention of myocardial ischemia and left ventricle remodeling. […] The potential of CM sheets and related 3D cardiac tissues in the regeneration of impaired myocardium is now under investigation, mostly in animal experiments. […] Transplanted CM sheets were found to be able to bridge the barrier between the myocardial tissue graft and the recipients heart, with an improvement in host ejection fraction and inhibition of left ventricular dilatation, thus preventing cardiac dysfunction and HF. […] Many preclinical studies have shown that MSC sheets can significantly improve cardiac function.

• #88 Engineering of MSCs sheet for the prevention of myocardial ischemia and for left ventricle remodeling | Stem Cell Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-023-03322-7

  The paracrine effects of BM-MSCs, combined with the 2D structure of cell sheets, contributed to increased neovascularization in the infarct border area, attenuated LV remodeling, and improved cardiac functions thereby. […] The effectiveness of AD-MSC sheets for heart repair was further verified in a study by Ishida et al. in a porcine chronic heart failure model. […] UC-MSC sheets showed significantly prolonged local cell retention and survival, compared with cell suspensions, and can dramatically improve cardiac function by modulating post-MI inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing fibrosis. […] The safety and efficacy of cell sheets for heart repair have been well demonstrated in numerous animal experiments and tested in several clinical studies. […] Cell sheet structure enables cells to be concentrated at the transplantation site, with little metastasis to other organs, which helps to reduce some risks.

• #89 Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/24/1953

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. […] Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI range from 15% to 45%. […] Influenza vaccine should be considered as an integral part of CVD management and prevention. […] Evidence is accumulating about the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in coronary disease prevention. […] A meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that influenza vaccine has a summary vaccine effectiveness of 29% against AMI. […] If influenza vaccine protects against AMI, the mechanism is through preventing influenza, thereby preventing the possibility of AMI triggered by the mechanisms discussed above. […] Despite the large body of evidence supporting a role for influenza vaccine in coronary prevention, rates of influenza vaccination in patients with heart diseases are low, and vaccination is not a priority among physicians. […] A paradigm change may be required to encourage clinicians to see influenza vaccine as a cheap, safe and effective additional prevention strategy for patients with CHD.

• #90 Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/24/1953

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. […] Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI range from 15% to 45%. […] Influenza vaccine should be considered as an integral part of CVD management and prevention. […] Evidence is accumulating about the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in coronary disease prevention. […] A meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that influenza vaccine has a summary vaccine effectiveness of 29% against AMI. […] If influenza vaccine protects against AMI, the mechanism is through preventing influenza, thereby preventing the possibility of AMI triggered by the mechanisms discussed above. […] Despite the large body of evidence supporting a role for influenza vaccine in coronary prevention, rates of influenza vaccination in patients with heart diseases are low, and vaccination is not a priority among physicians. […] A paradigm change may be required to encourage clinicians to see influenza vaccine as a cheap, safe and effective additional prevention strategy for patients with CHD.

• #91 Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/24/1953

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. […] Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI range from 15% to 45%. […] Influenza vaccine should be considered as an integral part of CVD management and prevention. […] Evidence is accumulating about the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in coronary disease prevention. […] A meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that influenza vaccine has a summary vaccine effectiveness of 29% against AMI. […] If influenza vaccine protects against AMI, the mechanism is through preventing influenza, thereby preventing the possibility of AMI triggered by the mechanisms discussed above. […] Despite the large body of evidence supporting a role for influenza vaccine in coronary prevention, rates of influenza vaccination in patients with heart diseases are low, and vaccination is not a priority among physicians. […] A paradigm change may be required to encourage clinicians to see influenza vaccine as a cheap, safe and effective additional prevention strategy for patients with CHD.

• #92 Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/24/1953

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. […] Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI range from 15% to 45%. […] Influenza vaccine should be considered as an integral part of CVD management and prevention. […] Evidence is accumulating about the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in coronary disease prevention. […] A meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that influenza vaccine has a summary vaccine effectiveness of 29% against AMI. […] If influenza vaccine protects against AMI, the mechanism is through preventing influenza, thereby preventing the possibility of AMI triggered by the mechanisms discussed above. […] Despite the large body of evidence supporting a role for influenza vaccine in coronary prevention, rates of influenza vaccination in patients with heart diseases are low, and vaccination is not a priority among physicians. […] A paradigm change may be required to encourage clinicians to see influenza vaccine as a cheap, safe and effective additional prevention strategy for patients with CHD.

• #93 Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

  https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/11/2415

  Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most prevalent types of cardiovascular disease. […] Despite the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of MI, their effects are still unsatisfactory. […] This review summarizes the common types and properties of nanoparticles, and focuses on the research progress of nanoparticles for the prevention and treatment of MI. […] How to better prevent the occurrence of MI as well as timely and effective treatment are particularly important. […] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop safer and more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of MI. […] The development of corresponding nanoparticles to reduce the risk of plaque formation or rupture according to the reasons mentioned above is of great significance for the prevention of MI.

• #94 Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

  https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/11/2415

  The results showed that the nanoparticles were able to reduce inflammation and reduce and stabilize plaques without causing severe toxicity. […] In summary, the development of nanoparticles provides a new treatment option for MI. […] In the future, in order to promote the clinical application of nanoparticles in the treatment of MI and achieve the best therapeutic effect, not only more strategies to reduce the toxicity of nanocarriers, but also the development of nanodrug delivery systems with the goal of reducing myocardial cell loss, regulating myocardial remodeling or promoting myocardial regeneration, should be developed.

• #95 Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

  https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/11/2415

  Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most prevalent types of cardiovascular disease. […] Despite the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of MI, their effects are still unsatisfactory. […] This review summarizes the common types and properties of nanoparticles, and focuses on the research progress of nanoparticles for the prevention and treatment of MI. […] How to better prevent the occurrence of MI as well as timely and effective treatment are particularly important. […] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop safer and more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of MI. […] The development of corresponding nanoparticles to reduce the risk of plaque formation or rupture according to the reasons mentioned above is of great significance for the prevention of MI.

• #96 Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

  https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/11/2415

  The results showed that the nanoparticles were able to reduce inflammation and reduce and stabilize plaques without causing severe toxicity. […] In summary, the development of nanoparticles provides a new treatment option for MI. […] In the future, in order to promote the clinical application of nanoparticles in the treatment of MI and achieve the best therapeutic effect, not only more strategies to reduce the toxicity of nanocarriers, but also the development of nanodrug delivery systems with the goal of reducing myocardial cell loss, regulating myocardial remodeling or promoting myocardial regeneration, should be developed.

• #97 Treatment goals for patients with ischaemic heart disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Education/ESC-Prevention-of-CVD-Programme/Treatment-goals/treatment-goals-for-patients-with-ischaemic-heart-disease

  Preventive measures in risk factor control, recommended for patients with ischaemic heart disease, are reviewed, according to the 6th Joint Task Force European Guidelines. […] Prevention should be started immediately after an ischaemic event; it should start during the acute phase and continued in the post-acute phase, and in fact: should continue for the rest of the patients life. […] Unfortunately, large proportions of IHD patients still do not achieve the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic targets (EUROASPIRE IV database). A confirmation of this, is the insufficient implementation of evidence-based guidelines on prevention. […] Psychosocial risk factor screening should be considered. Multimodal behavioural intervention is recommended.

• #98 Treatment goals for patients with ischaemic heart disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Education/ESC-Prevention-of-CVD-Programme/Treatment-goals/treatment-goals-for-patients-with-ischaemic-heart-disease

  Preventive measures in risk factor control, recommended for patients with ischaemic heart disease, are reviewed, according to the 6th Joint Task Force European Guidelines. […] Prevention should be started immediately after an ischaemic event; it should start during the acute phase and continued in the post-acute phase, and in fact: should continue for the rest of the patients life. […] Unfortunately, large proportions of IHD patients still do not achieve the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic targets (EUROASPIRE IV database). A confirmation of this, is the insufficient implementation of evidence-based guidelines on prevention. […] Psychosocial risk factor screening should be considered. Multimodal behavioural intervention is recommended.

• #99 New Study Reveals Dramatic Regional Changes in Ischemic Heart Disease

  https://bioengineer.org/new-study-reveals-dramatic-regional-changes-in-ischemic-heart-disease-burden-a-global-health-alert/

  A groundbreaking new study has cast a revealing light on the escalating crisis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) permeating Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania, regions collectively home to over two billion inhabitants. […] The study meticulously delineates varying, region-specific modifiable risk factors driving the rise of IHD, with toxic air pollution identified as a critical contributor in East Asia, while the dependence on ultra-processed foods stands out as the principal catalyst in Oceania. […] Dr. Desai emphasized a paradigm shift is imperative in the global cardiovascular agenda to incorporate better surveillance, prevention, and management frameworks attuned to these distinct epidemiological dynamics. […] Dissecting the core drivers, the study identifies elevated blood pressure as the paramount common denominator across all regions, underscoring the necessity of bolstered hypertension detection and comprehensive management programs. […] Oceanias biggest health hazard stems from dietary risks, particularly ultra-processed food consumption, which in conjunction with hypertension and increasing environmental pollution, accelerates ischemic heart disease prevalence.

• #100

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

  Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, eating more fruit and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. […] Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. […] Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling. […] WHO supports governments to prevent, manage and monitor CVDs by developing global strategies to reduce the incidence, morbidity and mortality of these diseases. […] These strategies include reducing risk factors, developing standards of care, enhancing health system capacity to care for patients with CVD, and monitoring disease patterns and trends to inform national and global actions.

• #101

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

  Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, eating more fruit and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. […] Identifying those at highest risk of CVDs and ensuring they receive appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. […] Access to noncommunicable disease medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counselling. […] WHO supports governments to prevent, manage and monitor CVDs by developing global strategies to reduce the incidence, morbidity and mortality of these diseases. […] These strategies include reducing risk factors, developing standards of care, enhancing health system capacity to care for patients with CVD, and monitoring disease patterns and trends to inform national and global actions.

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