Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pinworms: Infection, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/pinworms-infection

  A pinworm infection is an intestinal illness that’s very common in elementary school-aged children. […] You get pinworms by accidentally swallowing or breathing in their eggs. […] The eggs can also live on surfaces like clothing, bedding, or other objects. […] About a month later, the eggs hatch in your intestines and grow into adult worms. […] Female pinworms move to your anal area to lay their eggs. […] Yes. It’s very easy to spread a pinworm infection. […] Pinworm eggs can also travel from an infected person’s clothing, bedding, or diaper to another person’s mouth. […] Anyone can get a pinworm infection. […] But you’re more likely to get it if: […] You live in a crowded space, like a hospital or jail. […] You don’t wash your hands. […] You can get a pinworm infection if you accidentally swallow or breathe in pinworm eggs.

• #2 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  Pinworm infection is caused by small, thin, white parasitic roundworms. […] Pinworm infection is preventable and treatable. […] Pinworm infection occurs worldwide. […] Pinworms can infect anyone, in any setting, and are the most common worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworm infections often occur in more than one person in a household. […] While an infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin. […] The eggs can easily infect another person, especially caretakers or close contacts of infected children or adults.

• #3 What Are Pinworms? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pinworms/guide/

  Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are teeny, white, threadlike roundworms that infect the intestines of humans. […] Quite simply, one gets a pinworm infection after ingesting worm eggs. To become infected, an individual either directly (via their hands or fingernails) or indirectly (via contaminated clothing, toilet seats, bedding, toys, or food, for example) transfers pinworm eggs from the anus to their mouth. […] The eggs laid on the skin surrounding the anus can survive for up to three weeks, which allows plenty of time for the infected person to scratch the area, have the eggs become embedded under the fingernails, and inadvertently reinfect themselves, thus continuing the parasites lifecycle. […] More than one billion people worldwide are thought to be infected with pinworms. […] Its estimated that anywhere from 20 to 42 million people in the United States have had a pinworm infection; about 50 percent of people under 18 years old, those who care for infected children, and individuals who are institutionalized have had a pinworm infection, according to the CDC.

• #4 Pinworm (Enterobiasis): Practice Essentials, Etiology, Transmission

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-overview

  Pinworm infection, also called enterobiasis, is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, a white slender nematode with a pointed tail. In humans, they reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Female pinworms are 8-13 mm long, and males are 2-5 mm long. […] Pinworms reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Unlike other parasites, they do not lay eggs within the intestines. Instead, female worms accumulate around 10,000 eggs in their uterus. […] Eggs can be transmitted via contaminated surfaces or hands, and once ingested, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, migrate to the cecum, and mature. The entire cycle, from infection to egg release, takes about 3-4 weeks.

• #5 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms are small, thin, white, thread-like worms between 2 mm and 13 mm long. They infect human guts (intestines). Worms in children are very common but anyone of any age can be affected. A threadworm is called a pinworm in some countries. […] Typically someone with threadworms (usually a child) touches their bottom (either when they are cleaning themselves after going to the toilet or when they are scratching) and one or more of the tiny eggs gets caught under their fingernail. […] The eggs are too small to see without a microscope but they cause itching around the anus due to the mucus surrounding the eggs being irritating to the skin. […] Threadworm eggs can survive for up to two weeks outside the body. […] If one member of a household is infected, it is common for others also to be infected.

• #6 Pinworm (Enterobiasis): Practice Essentials, Etiology, Transmission

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-overview

  Pinworm infection, also called enterobiasis, is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, a white slender nematode with a pointed tail. In humans, they reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Female pinworms are 8-13 mm long, and males are 2-5 mm long. […] Pinworms reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Unlike other parasites, they do not lay eggs within the intestines. Instead, female worms accumulate around 10,000 eggs in their uterus. […] Eggs can be transmitted via contaminated surfaces or hands, and once ingested, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, migrate to the cecum, and mature. The entire cycle, from infection to egg release, takes about 3-4 weeks.

• #7 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infections are the most common worm infection in America. […] Pinworm infections occur in all socioeconomic groups; however, human-to-human spread is favored by close, crowded living conditions. Spread among family members is common. […] The very simple life cycle of E. vermicularis ensures a high human prevalence. Tiny eggs deposited around the anus by a female worm spread the infection. Each female worm can produce more than 10,000 eggs during her lifespan. […] Since pinworm infection is highly contagious, it is not unusual for adults who are potentially exposed to those with an infection (for example, parents and caregivers) to themselves become infected. […] Because the pinworm infection is so highly contagious, it is not unusual for infections to recur.

• #8 Pinworms: Infection, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pinworms

  Pinworm infection is caused by accidentally swallowing pinworm eggs, which are transparent and too small to see with the naked eye. […] An individual acquires an infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. These microscopic eggs are usually deposited onto a surface by a person with the infection. […] The eggs remain in the intestine until they hatch and mature. […] Adult female pinworms move into the colon and exit the body through the anus at night. They lay eggs in the folds of skin around the anus and then return to the colon. These eggs often cause itching and irritation. […] Pinworm infections are highly contagious. […] Scratching an affected area and then eating can lead to unintentionally ingesting pinworm eggs. This can lead to a repeat pinworm infection. […] Sometimes eggs on the anus hatch, and the larvae can reenter the large intestine. If not treated, this can cause the infection to continue indefinitely.

• #9 Pinworm (Enterobiasis): Practice Essentials, Etiology, Transmission

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-overview

  Pinworm infection, also called enterobiasis, is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, a white slender nematode with a pointed tail. In humans, they reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Female pinworms are 8-13 mm long, and males are 2-5 mm long. […] Pinworms reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Unlike other parasites, they do not lay eggs within the intestines. Instead, female worms accumulate around 10,000 eggs in their uterus. […] Eggs can be transmitted via contaminated surfaces or hands, and once ingested, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, migrate to the cecum, and mature. The entire cycle, from infection to egg release, takes about 3-4 weeks.

• #10 Pinworm Infestation – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/pinworm-infestation

  Enterobiasis is an intestinal infestation by the pinworm (a type of nematode) Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworm infestation is estimated to be present in more than 1 billion people worldwide. […] Because most cases occur in school-aged and young children, their family members or caregivers are at increased risk of infection. Risk is also increased in people who live in long-term care facilities. Infection can be transmitted through anal-oral sexual contact with an infected partner. […] Pinworm ova become infective within a few hours of reaching the perineum. Infestation usually results from transfer of ova from the perianal area to fomites (clothing, bedding, furniture, rugs, toys, toilet seats), from which the ova are picked up by the new host, transmitted to the mouth, and swallowed.

• #11 Pinworms: Infection, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/pinworms-infection

  A pinworm infection is an intestinal illness that’s very common in elementary school-aged children. […] You get pinworms by accidentally swallowing or breathing in their eggs. […] The eggs can also live on surfaces like clothing, bedding, or other objects. […] About a month later, the eggs hatch in your intestines and grow into adult worms. […] Female pinworms move to your anal area to lay their eggs. […] Yes. It’s very easy to spread a pinworm infection. […] Pinworm eggs can also travel from an infected person’s clothing, bedding, or diaper to another person’s mouth. […] Anyone can get a pinworm infection. […] But you’re more likely to get it if: […] You live in a crowded space, like a hospital or jail. […] You don’t wash your hands. […] You can get a pinworm infection if you accidentally swallow or breathe in pinworm eggs.

• #12 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Pinworm infection | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20376365

  Pinworm infection occurs most often in school-age children, and the tiny (microscopic) eggs are easily spread from child to child. […] Accidentally swallowing or breathing in pinworm eggs causes a pinworm infection. The tiny (microscopic) eggs can be carried to your mouth by contaminated food, drink or your fingers. Once swallowed, the eggs hatch in the intestines and mature into adult worms within a few weeks. […] Female pinworms move to the anal area to lay their eggs, which often results in anal itching. When you scratch the itchy area, the eggs cling to your fingers and get under your fingernails. The eggs then get transferred to other surfaces, such as toys, bedding or toilet seats. The eggs can also be transferred from contaminated fingers to food, liquids, clothes or other people. […] Pinworm eggs can survive for two to three weeks on surfaces.

• #13 Post-Travel Parasitic Disease Including Evaluation of Eosinophilia | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/enterobiasis-pinworm

  Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) […] Enterobiasis is also known as pinworm infection. Pinworm eggs deposit on human perianal folds and infect via self-inoculation (hand-to-mouth contact after scratching infected area) and close person-to-person contact. The most common symptom is perianal itching, especially at night, which can lead to excoriations and bacterial superinfection. Adult worms may be visible near the anus within 23 hours of self-inoculation or close person-to-person contact. All travelers to endemic areas are at risk of infection, especially if in close contact with children. […] […] […] Pinworm infection Etiology, causation, causes. […] false

• #14 Pinworm Infection

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm

  Pinworms are white, parasitic worms that can live in the large intestine of humans. […] Pinworm is the most common worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworms are spread when an infected person, most often a child, has scratched his/her bare anal area and the eggs get under his/her fingernails. […] Pinworm eggs can also be transferred to the fingers from clothing or bedding, and then spread around the home. […] Pinworms can survive up to two weeks on clothing, bedding or other objects, if kept at room temperature. […] Pinworm infections can be spread as long as either worms or eggs are present.

• #15 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms are small, thin, white, thread-like worms between 2 mm and 13 mm long. They infect human guts (intestines). Worms in children are very common but anyone of any age can be affected. A threadworm is called a pinworm in some countries. […] Typically someone with threadworms (usually a child) touches their bottom (either when they are cleaning themselves after going to the toilet or when they are scratching) and one or more of the tiny eggs gets caught under their fingernail. […] The eggs are too small to see without a microscope but they cause itching around the anus due to the mucus surrounding the eggs being irritating to the skin. […] Threadworm eggs can survive for up to two weeks outside the body. […] If one member of a household is infected, it is common for others also to be infected.

• #16 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Pinworm infection | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20376365

  Pinworm infection occurs most often in school-age children, and the tiny (microscopic) eggs are easily spread from child to child. […] Accidentally swallowing or breathing in pinworm eggs causes a pinworm infection. The tiny (microscopic) eggs can be carried to your mouth by contaminated food, drink or your fingers. Once swallowed, the eggs hatch in the intestines and mature into adult worms within a few weeks. […] Female pinworms move to the anal area to lay their eggs, which often results in anal itching. When you scratch the itchy area, the eggs cling to your fingers and get under your fingernails. The eggs then get transferred to other surfaces, such as toys, bedding or toilet seats. The eggs can also be transferred from contaminated fingers to food, liquids, clothes or other people. […] Pinworm eggs can survive for two to three weeks on surfaces.

• #17 Pinworm infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_infection

  Pinworm infection (threadworm infection in the UK), also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. […] The cause of a pinworm infection is the worm Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworm infection spreads through human-to-human transmission, by swallowing infectious pinworm eggs. […] The eggs are hardy and can remain infectious in a moist environment for up to three weeks, though in a warm dry environment they usually last only 12 days. […] The entire lifecycle from egg to adult takes place in the human gastrointestinal tract of a single human host.

• #18 Pinworm | Thread worm Infection – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/pinworm-infection.htm

  Pinworm infection spreads via the fecal-oral route, and its main cause is poor hygiene. […] It mainly spreads through the transfer of infective pinworm eggs from the anus to someone’s mouth, either directly by hand or indirectly through contaminated articles. […] Pinworm eggs become infective within a few hours after being deposited on the anal area and can survive for 2 to 3 weeks on contaminated surfaces.

• #19 Enterobius Vermicularis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536974/

  Enterobius vermicularis, also called pinworm, is one of the most common helminth infections in the world, with most cases occurring in children. […] Infection is caused by the ingestion of the pinworm eggs. Transmission is most commonly through the fecal-oral route. […] Risk factors for pinworms include poor hygiene, eating after touching contaminated items and living with an individual who is identified as egg positive. […] Humans are the only natural host for this infection. Transmission occurs in people who are living in crowded environments and usually occurs within families. […] Pinworm infestation usually occurs in children. Transmission is via direct contact with contaminated items or even during sexual contact. Most infections are asymptomatic. While the cure rate is high, recurrences are common.

• #20 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Enterobius (syn. Oxyuris) vermicularis is a human-pathogenic intestinal parasite belonging to the nematodes (Nematoda). Synonyms include threadworm and seatworm. Symptomatic pinworm infection is referred to as enterobiasis (older term: oxyuriasis) (5). […] One can assume that E. vermicularis has been successfully established as a parasite in the host organism since the evolution of human hominids. Fossil findings confirm that their co-existence stretches back over many thousands of years (7 9). […] The considerable potential for E. vermicularis transmission is explained by the tenacity and adhesive property of the eggs, which adhere particularly well to hands and under fingernails (16, 25), thereby easily maintaining the chain of infection (continuous exposure, contact infection, autoinfection).

• #21 Pinworm in kids: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pinworm-in-kids

  Pinworms involve infection by a parasitic worm that may live in the large intestine of a human. A child may contract the infection after unknowingly transferring the worms into their body from a contaminated object or through their fingers. […] A pinworm is a small, thin, white roundworm called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the human colon and rectum, also known as the large intestine. […] Pinworm infections spread via the fecal-oral route by the transfer of infective pinworm eggs from the anus to someone’s mouth, either directly by hand or indirectly through contaminated clothing, bedding, food, or other objects. […] Since young children often put things in their mouths, such as toys and even their fingers, the infection easily spreads in daycare centers and schools.

• #22 Pinworms in Kids: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Kids Peds

  https://www.kidspeds.com/pinworms-in-kids-causes-symptoms-treatment-prevention/

  Pinworm infection is caused by tiny parasites that can cause unsettling disruptions in the sleep, appetite, and daily routines of your child. […] Understanding the cause of pinworms is the first step in preventing them. The eggs of pinworm infection are microscopic and can easily spread from hand to mouth. […] An individual acquires an infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] Any kid can acquire the infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] Adult female pinworms move into the colon and exit the body through the anus at night. […] There is no particular scientifically backed reason why at night, but that is the cycle of when the worms deposit their eggs. […] Pinworms are tiny, but are experts at spreading. The eggs can survive on surfaces like bedding, clothing, furniture, and toilet seats for up to two weeks. […] Its important for schools to implement strict hygiene protocols and pinworm prevention tips as children are more susceptible to pinworms because of their close interactions and developing hygiene habits. […] Key risk factors include: Age (children under 10 are most at risk).

• #23 Pinworm Infection

  https://health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm

  Pinworms are white, parasitic worms that can live in the large intestine of humans. They are about one-half inch long. While the infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestinal tract and lay their eggs on the skin around the anus. The eggs are laid in a sticky, jelly-like substance that, along with the wriggling of the female pinworm, causes severe itching. […] Pinworm is the most common worm infection in the United States. School-age children, followed by preschoolers, have the highest rates of infection. Cases of pinworm infection are seen most often at schools, daycare centers and other institutional settings. […] Pinworms are spread when an infected person, most often a child, has scratched his/her bare anal area and the eggs get under his/her fingernails. Pinworms can then be spread in the following ways: By an infected child not washing hands after using the bathroom. If the child then touches playmates or toys, he/she may pass on the eggs. […] Pinworms can survive up to two weeks on clothing, bedding or other objects, if kept at room temperature. […] Pinworm infections can be spread as long as either worms or eggs are present.

• #24 Pinworms: Infection, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/pinworms-infection

  A pinworm infection is an intestinal illness that’s very common in elementary school-aged children. […] You get pinworms by accidentally swallowing or breathing in their eggs. […] The eggs can also live on surfaces like clothing, bedding, or other objects. […] About a month later, the eggs hatch in your intestines and grow into adult worms. […] Female pinworms move to your anal area to lay their eggs. […] Yes. It’s very easy to spread a pinworm infection. […] Pinworm eggs can also travel from an infected person’s clothing, bedding, or diaper to another person’s mouth. […] Anyone can get a pinworm infection. […] But you’re more likely to get it if: […] You live in a crowded space, like a hospital or jail. […] You don’t wash your hands. […] You can get a pinworm infection if you accidentally swallow or breathe in pinworm eggs.

• #25 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Threadworm-Causes.aspx

  Threadworm is a very common infection that occurs when tiny, thread-like worms infest the human intestine. […] The only hosts that these worms have are humans. […] The reason threadworm mainly affects children is that they are often less aware of the importance of hygiene and fail to wash their hands or keep their hands away from their mouths. […] Some of the risk factors for threadworm infection are described below. […] Young age Children are at the greatest risk of infection because the microscopic eggs are so easily spread through hand to mouth contact and toy sharing. […] Crowded living spaces People living in crowded living quarters such as institutions are at a higher risk of becoming infected. […] Temperate climate Although threadworm infection occurs across the world, it is more common in countries that are not tropical in climate.

• #26 Enterobius Vermicularis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536974/

  Enterobius vermicularis, also called pinworm, is one of the most common helminth infections in the world, with most cases occurring in children. […] Infection is caused by the ingestion of the pinworm eggs. Transmission is most commonly through the fecal-oral route. […] Risk factors for pinworms include poor hygiene, eating after touching contaminated items and living with an individual who is identified as egg positive. […] Humans are the only natural host for this infection. Transmission occurs in people who are living in crowded environments and usually occurs within families. […] Pinworm infestation usually occurs in children. Transmission is via direct contact with contaminated items or even during sexual contact. Most infections are asymptomatic. While the cure rate is high, recurrences are common.

• #27 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  The main risk factors are age 4-11 years, uncontrolled anus-finger-mouth contact, nail-biting (onychophagia/perionychophagia), unsupervised body hygiene, and poor compliance with basic hand hygiene. […] Despite a high disease incidence, there is surprisingly scant systematically proven knowledge on treatment—not to mention a German-language guideline; therefore, since general practitioners, as well as infectious disease and pediatric outpatient departments, are nevertheless regularly confronted with enterobiasis, this article aims to summarize the current state of knowledge in order to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment.

• #28 Pinworm Infection | Dr LalPathLabs Blogs

  https://www.lalpathlabs.com/blog/pinworm-infection/

  Pinworms, or Enterobius vermicularis, are tiny, thin, white roundworms that infect humans intestines. […] The primary cause of a pinworm infection is ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] Other causes include: Poor Hygiene: Not washing hands properly after using the toilet or before eating allows eggs to be transferred to the mouth. […] Close Contact: Pinworms easily spread in close-contact settings like schools and homes through direct contact or shared items. […] Contaminated Surfaces: Eggs can survive for several weeks on surfaces like bedding, toys, and bathroom fixtures, leading to infection when touched. […] Inhalation of Eggs: Eggs can become airborne and be inhaled, especially in contaminated environments. […] Reinfection: Reinfection is common if hygiene practices aren’t maintained, allowing the cycle to continue.

• #29 Pinworms (enterobiasis): treatment | gesund.bund.de

  https://gesund.bund.de/en/pinworms-enterobiasis

  Pinworms are one of the most common worm conditions. They are particularly common in children. The worms settle in the human colon. […] Pinworms are spread by swallowing worm eggs that may be on hands, toys or food, for example. […] People get pinworm infections by accidentally swallowing worm eggs. This can happen when someone handles objects that worm eggs are clinging to, and then put their hand to their mouth, or when children put toys or pencils with worm eggs clinging to them into their mouths. […] The eggs are sticky and cling to the folds of skin around the anus. Scratching causes the worm eggs to get onto the hands and under the fingernails. […] Many children of kindergarten/pre-school or elementary/primary school age get infected. The worm eggs can spread due to close contact with other children and children holding toys and putting them in their mouth. […] Not washing hands before eating or after going to the toilet helps the spread. Chewing fingernails also increases the likelihood of infection. […] When someone in the family has worms, other family members can easily become infected too.

• #30 Pinworm Infestation – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/pinworm-infestation

  Enterobiasis is an intestinal infestation by the pinworm (a type of nematode) Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworm infestation is estimated to be present in more than 1 billion people worldwide. […] Because most cases occur in school-aged and young children, their family members or caregivers are at increased risk of infection. Risk is also increased in people who live in long-term care facilities. Infection can be transmitted through anal-oral sexual contact with an infected partner. […] Pinworm ova become infective within a few hours of reaching the perineum. Infestation usually results from transfer of ova from the perianal area to fomites (clothing, bedding, furniture, rugs, toys, toilet seats), from which the ova are picked up by the new host, transmitted to the mouth, and swallowed.

• #31 Pinworm infection – Medicine Shoppe

  https://www.medicineshoppe.ca/en/article/disease/pinworm-infection

  Pinworm infection (also called enterobiasis or oxyuriasis) is a common intestinal infection caused by a parasite. […] The parasite that causes this infection is called a pinworm, also known as Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworm infection is caused by the ingestion of pinworm eggs. This generally occurs through contact with an infected person or contaminated objects. […] In very rare cases, infection can also result from swimming pool use or inhalation of airborne eggs. […] Pinworms do not infect pets, only humans. […] Children have a higher risk of infection. […] They aren’t yet in the habit of washing their hands regularly and often put their hands in their mouths. […] This can lead to reinfection. […] Also at risk is anyone in close contact with an infected person, including: […] Someone living in the same house as the infected person […] Someone who takes care of the infected person (e.g., at school, at daycare, in a health care facility).

• #32 Pinworm Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html

  Pinworms are tiny worms that can cause an infection in the intestines. Pinworm infections affects millions of people each year, especially school-age kids. […] Pinworm infections are contagious. The worms get into the body when people swallow the tiny pinworm eggs. […] Family pets can’t give your child an infection, as pinworms don’t come from animals. […] When someone in the house has a pinworm infection, it often spreads to others.

• #33 What is pinworm infection? – Health Channel

  https://allhealthtv.com/what-is-pinworm-infection

  What is a pinworm infection? The pinworm is a parasitic worm which is in the class of worms called roundworms. It is a tiny white worm, which is thin and shorter than inch long. It has the largest geographic range of any parasitic worm, and is the most prevalent human parasitic worm in the United States. It is quite common, with more than 30% of children worldwide infected. It is most common in children, but anyone can get it. Adults frequently get it from their kids. […] Pinworms are easily spread from child to child. When a child has an itchy bottom, they will scratch it. This allows the tiny eggs to get on the child’s hands and especially under their fingernails. They can then stay on the skin for several hours, and are easily spread to a playmate through a toy or direct contact. […] Pets do not spread pinworms. This particular worm is only carried by humans.

• #34 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  Pinworm infection is caused by small, thin, white parasitic roundworms. […] Pinworm infection is preventable and treatable. […] Pinworm infection occurs worldwide. […] Pinworms can infect anyone, in any setting, and are the most common worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworm infections often occur in more than one person in a household. […] While an infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin. […] The eggs can easily infect another person, especially caretakers or close contacts of infected children or adults.

• #35 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_infection/article.htm

  Pinworm infection is an infestation of the large intestine and anal area by a small, white parasite that resembles a „worm.” The medical name for the parasite is Enterobius vermicularis, but it is commonly termed a pinworm in both the lay and medical literature. […] Pinworm infections are the most common helminth infection that occurs in the US. Pinworms only infect humans. […] Pinworm infection is spread from person to person mostly in crowded places or in places where people live in institutions. […] Pinworm infection affects approximately 40 million people in the U.S. and 1 billion people worldwide. […] Pinworm infection often occurs in more than one family member. […] Pinworms can infect the vagina (occurs in about 20% of infected girls). […] Most of the time, pinworm infections do not cause any serious issues. Complications arise if the pinworm infection is severe. […] Good hygiene will help reduce the spread of the parasites. […] Pinworms do not go away on their own. Untreated pinworm infections can lead to the spread of the infection, resulting in serious complications.

• #36 Pinworms | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pinworms

  Pinworm is the most common worm infection in Australia. […] The most common type of human worm infection in Australia is pinworm. Other names for this parasite include threadworm and Enterobius vermicularis, or the common term worms. […] Infection can happen to anyone, regardless of a child’s home hygiene. […] Worms require a host in order to survive. In the case of pinworms, the human acts as the host. […] Infections begin when pinworm eggs are eaten, usually directly through contaminated hands or indirectly through contaminated food, bedding, clothing or other articles. […] The eggs may cause intense itching, especially at night, so children can easily reinfect themselves by scratching the anus and scraping eggs under their fingernails. […] The eggs can survive on surfaces or objects (such as furniture, kitchen surfaces and toothbrushes) for up to 2 weeks in the right conditions and can infect other people if transferred to the mouth or food. […] Household pets cannot be infected with pinworms or pass them on to humans.

• #37 Common Intestinal Parasites | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0301/p1161.html

  Intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases caused by Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Entamoeba histolytica occur in the United States. E. vermicularis, or pinworm, causes irritation and sleep disturbances. Diagnosis can be made using the cellophane tape test. Treatment includes mebendazole and household sanitation. […] E. vermicularis, commonly referred to as the pinworm or seatworm, is a nematode, or roundworm, with the largest geographic range of any helminth. It is the most prevalent nematode in the United States. Humans are the only known host, and about 209 million persons worldwide are infected. More than 30 percent of children worldwide are infected. […] Disease secondary to E. vermicularis is relatively innocuous, with egg deposition causing perineal, perianal, and vaginal irritation. The patient’s constant itching in an attempt to relieve irritation can lead to potentially debilitating sleep disturbance. Rarely, more serious disease can result, including weight loss, urinary tract infection, and appendicitis.

• #38 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  Pinworm infection is caused by small, thin, white parasitic roundworms. […] Pinworm infection is preventable and treatable. […] Pinworm infection occurs worldwide. […] Pinworms can infect anyone, in any setting, and are the most common worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworm infections often occur in more than one person in a household. […] While an infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin. […] The eggs can easily infect another person, especially caretakers or close contacts of infected children or adults.

• #39 Threadworms | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/threadworms/

  Threadworms (pinworms) are tiny worms in your poo. Theyre common in children and are spread easily. […] Threadworm infection most commonly affects young children because they often forget to wash their hands and share toys with other children. […] People who are in close contact with someone with a threadworm infection also have a high risk of infection. This is why all members of a household need to be treated when someone has a threadworm infection. […] Threadworms spread when their eggs are swallowed. They lay eggs around your bottom (anus) or vagina, which can cause an itchy bottom. The eggs get stuck on your fingers when you scratch. They can then pass on to anything you touch, including: […] Eggs can pass to other people when they touch these surfaces and then touch their mouth. The eggs can survive up to 2 weeks. The larvae hatch from the eggs in your gut after you swallow them, and take 1 to 2 months to mature into threadworms.

• #40 Pinworm Infection

  https://health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm

  Pinworms are white, parasitic worms that can live in the large intestine of humans. They are about one-half inch long. While the infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestinal tract and lay their eggs on the skin around the anus. The eggs are laid in a sticky, jelly-like substance that, along with the wriggling of the female pinworm, causes severe itching. […] Pinworm is the most common worm infection in the United States. School-age children, followed by preschoolers, have the highest rates of infection. Cases of pinworm infection are seen most often at schools, daycare centers and other institutional settings. […] Pinworms are spread when an infected person, most often a child, has scratched his/her bare anal area and the eggs get under his/her fingernails. Pinworms can then be spread in the following ways: By an infected child not washing hands after using the bathroom. If the child then touches playmates or toys, he/she may pass on the eggs. […] Pinworms can survive up to two weeks on clothing, bedding or other objects, if kept at room temperature. […] Pinworm infections can be spread as long as either worms or eggs are present.

• #41 Pinworm Infection – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pinworm-infection-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment

  A pinworm infection is an infection of the large intestine caused by a small white parasite. The medical term for the parasite is Enterobius vermicularis, but it is commonly referred to as pinworm. […] Pinworm infections spread easily from one person to another. A person becomes infected by unintentionally ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] Once swallowed, eggs hatch inside the intestines and mature into adult worms in few weeks. […] Female pinworms move to the anal region to lay their eggs which results often in anal itching. When you scratch the itchy anal region, eggs cling to the fingers and get under the fingernails. The eggs then get transferred to other surfaces like toys, bedding or toilet seats. […] When an infected person touches household items such as bedding, clothing, toilet seats, or toys, the eggs are transferred to these objects. […] Children transfer pinworm eggs easily because they have a tendency to put their fingers or objects into their mouths.

• #42 Pinworm in kids: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pinworm-in-kids

  Pinworms involve infection by a parasitic worm that may live in the large intestine of a human. A child may contract the infection after unknowingly transferring the worms into their body from a contaminated object or through their fingers. […] A pinworm is a small, thin, white roundworm called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the human colon and rectum, also known as the large intestine. […] Pinworm infections spread via the fecal-oral route by the transfer of infective pinworm eggs from the anus to someone’s mouth, either directly by hand or indirectly through contaminated clothing, bedding, food, or other objects. […] Since young children often put things in their mouths, such as toys and even their fingers, the infection easily spreads in daycare centers and schools.

• #43 My pinworm infection symptoms are not improving after Mebendazole. Why?

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/pinworm-infection/why-is-there-recurrent-pinworm-infection-even-after-two-doses-of-mebendazole

  Reinfection with pinworm is quite frequent. […] But in your case, reinfection may have occurred because of remnant eggs. […] In pinworm infection usually, the eggs which are laid in the perinatal region and worms are not commonly released in stools. […] The presence of eggs can be diagnosed with a simple tape test at your physician’s office. […] If this is due to any other worm infection, the required dose of Mebendazole is different and what is taken by you will not be sufficient.

• #44 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infections are the most common worm infection in America. […] Pinworm infections occur in all socioeconomic groups; however, human-to-human spread is favored by close, crowded living conditions. Spread among family members is common. […] The very simple life cycle of E. vermicularis ensures a high human prevalence. Tiny eggs deposited around the anus by a female worm spread the infection. Each female worm can produce more than 10,000 eggs during her lifespan. […] Since pinworm infection is highly contagious, it is not unusual for adults who are potentially exposed to those with an infection (for example, parents and caregivers) to themselves become infected. […] Because the pinworm infection is so highly contagious, it is not unusual for infections to recur.

• #45 Pinworms: Infection, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pinworms

  Pinworm infection is caused by accidentally swallowing pinworm eggs, which are transparent and too small to see with the naked eye. […] An individual acquires an infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. These microscopic eggs are usually deposited onto a surface by a person with the infection. […] The eggs remain in the intestine until they hatch and mature. […] Adult female pinworms move into the colon and exit the body through the anus at night. They lay eggs in the folds of skin around the anus and then return to the colon. These eggs often cause itching and irritation. […] Pinworm infections are highly contagious. […] Scratching an affected area and then eating can lead to unintentionally ingesting pinworm eggs. This can lead to a repeat pinworm infection. […] Sometimes eggs on the anus hatch, and the larvae can reenter the large intestine. If not treated, this can cause the infection to continue indefinitely.

• #46 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  All household members, including adults and those without symptoms, should take a dose at the same time. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. […] However there is no evidence of harm to the baby from mebendazole taken in pregnancy. […] There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc.

• #47 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as pinworm infection (enterobiasis) (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae. […] Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque. Other species seen in primates include Enterobius buckleyi in Orangutan and Enterobius anthropopitheci in chimpanzee. Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis.

• #48 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  The pinworm is a common intestinal parasite. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pinworms are the most common type of worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworms are parasites. They use the human body to survive and reproduce. Human pinworms cannot infect any other animals. […] If a person with a pinworm infection touches their underwear, bedsheets, or their anus, they can pick up eggs on their fingers. […] If they touch another surface, they can leave the eggs there. […] The female pinworm lays eggs around the anus and vagina. […] The female pinworm releases an itchy mucus when laying eggs, triggering an urge to scratch the affected area of the anus or vagina. […] A person can take in the eggs by touching a surface that another person who has an infection and has eggs on their fingers has touched. […] A pinworm infection happens when the eggs of a pinworm enter a persons intestine.

• #49 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Enterobius (syn. Oxyuris) vermicularis is a human-pathogenic intestinal parasite belonging to the nematodes (Nematoda). Synonyms include threadworm and seatworm. Symptomatic pinworm infection is referred to as enterobiasis (older term: oxyuriasis) (5). […] One can assume that E. vermicularis has been successfully established as a parasite in the host organism since the evolution of human hominids. Fossil findings confirm that their co-existence stretches back over many thousands of years (7 9). […] The considerable potential for E. vermicularis transmission is explained by the tenacity and adhesive property of the eggs, which adhere particularly well to hands and under fingernails (16, 25), thereby easily maintaining the chain of infection (continuous exposure, contact infection, autoinfection).

• #50 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Enterobius (syn. Oxyuris) vermicularis is a human-pathogenic intestinal parasite belonging to the nematodes (Nematoda). Synonyms include threadworm and seatworm. Symptomatic pinworm infection is referred to as enterobiasis (older term: oxyuriasis) (5). […] One can assume that E. vermicularis has been successfully established as a parasite in the host organism since the evolution of human hominids. Fossil findings confirm that their co-existence stretches back over many thousands of years (7 9). […] The considerable potential for E. vermicularis transmission is explained by the tenacity and adhesive property of the eggs, which adhere particularly well to hands and under fingernails (16, 25), thereby easily maintaining the chain of infection (continuous exposure, contact infection, autoinfection).

• #51 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  The pinworm is a common intestinal parasite. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pinworms are the most common type of worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworms are parasites. They use the human body to survive and reproduce. Human pinworms cannot infect any other animals. […] If a person with a pinworm infection touches their underwear, bedsheets, or their anus, they can pick up eggs on their fingers. […] If they touch another surface, they can leave the eggs there. […] The female pinworm lays eggs around the anus and vagina. […] The female pinworm releases an itchy mucus when laying eggs, triggering an urge to scratch the affected area of the anus or vagina. […] A person can take in the eggs by touching a surface that another person who has an infection and has eggs on their fingers has touched. […] A pinworm infection happens when the eggs of a pinworm enter a persons intestine.

• #52 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Enterobius (syn. Oxyuris) vermicularis is a human-pathogenic intestinal parasite belonging to the nematodes (Nematoda). Synonyms include threadworm and seatworm. Symptomatic pinworm infection is referred to as enterobiasis (older term: oxyuriasis) (5). […] One can assume that E. vermicularis has been successfully established as a parasite in the host organism since the evolution of human hominids. Fossil findings confirm that their co-existence stretches back over many thousands of years (7 9). […] The considerable potential for E. vermicularis transmission is explained by the tenacity and adhesive property of the eggs, which adhere particularly well to hands and under fingernails (16, 25), thereby easily maintaining the chain of infection (continuous exposure, contact infection, autoinfection).

• #53 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Pinworm infection | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20376365

  Pinworm infection occurs most often in school-age children, and the tiny (microscopic) eggs are easily spread from child to child. […] Accidentally swallowing or breathing in pinworm eggs causes a pinworm infection. The tiny (microscopic) eggs can be carried to your mouth by contaminated food, drink or your fingers. Once swallowed, the eggs hatch in the intestines and mature into adult worms within a few weeks. […] Female pinworms move to the anal area to lay their eggs, which often results in anal itching. When you scratch the itchy area, the eggs cling to your fingers and get under your fingernails. The eggs then get transferred to other surfaces, such as toys, bedding or toilet seats. The eggs can also be transferred from contaminated fingers to food, liquids, clothes or other people. […] Pinworm eggs can survive for two to three weeks on surfaces.

• #54 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_infection/article.htm

  Pinworm infection is an infestation of the large intestine and anal area by a small, white parasite that resembles a „worm.” The medical name for the parasite is Enterobius vermicularis, but it is commonly termed a pinworm in both the lay and medical literature. […] Pinworm infections are the most common helminth infection that occurs in the US. Pinworms only infect humans. […] Pinworm infection is spread from person to person mostly in crowded places or in places where people live in institutions. […] Pinworm infection affects approximately 40 million people in the U.S. and 1 billion people worldwide. […] Pinworm infection often occurs in more than one family member. […] Pinworms can infect the vagina (occurs in about 20% of infected girls). […] Most of the time, pinworm infections do not cause any serious issues. Complications arise if the pinworm infection is severe. […] Good hygiene will help reduce the spread of the parasites. […] Pinworms do not go away on their own. Untreated pinworm infections can lead to the spread of the infection, resulting in serious complications.

• #55 Pinworms: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html

  Pinworms are small parasites that can live in the colon and rectum. You get them when you swallow their eggs. The eggs hatch inside your intestines. While you sleep, the female pinworms leave the intestines through the anus and lay eggs on nearby skin. […] Pinworms spread easily. When people who are infected touch their anus, the eggs attach to their fingertips. They can spread the eggs to others directly through their hands, or through contaminated clothing, bedding, food, or other articles. The eggs can live on household surfaces for up to 2 weeks. […] The infection is more common in children. Many people have no symptoms at all. Some people feel itching around the anus or vagina. The itching may become intense, interfere with sleep, and make you irritable. […] Your health care provider can diagnose pinworm infection by finding the eggs. A common way to collect the eggs is with a sticky piece of clear tape. Mild infections may not need treatment. If you do need medicine, everyone in the household should take it.

• #56 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  The main risk factors are age 4-11 years, uncontrolled anus-finger-mouth contact, nail-biting (onychophagia/perionychophagia), unsupervised body hygiene, and poor compliance with basic hand hygiene. […] Despite a high disease incidence, there is surprisingly scant systematically proven knowledge on treatment—not to mention a German-language guideline; therefore, since general practitioners, as well as infectious disease and pediatric outpatient departments, are nevertheless regularly confronted with enterobiasis, this article aims to summarize the current state of knowledge in order to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment.

• #57 Pinworm Infestation – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/pinworm-infestation

  Pinworms reach maturity in the lower gastrointestinal tract within 2 to 6 weeks. […] Many other conditions (eg, abdominal pain, insomnia, seizures) have been attributed to pinworm infestation, but a causal relationship is unlikely. […] Pinworm reinfestation is common because viable ova may be excreted for 1 week after therapy, and ova deposited in the environment before therapy can survive 3 weeks. […] Pinworm infestation is the most common helminthic infection in the United States; most cases occur in school-aged or younger children, but adults who care for children, family members of an infected child, people who live in long-term care facilities, and those who have oral-anal contact during sex are also at risk. […] Pinworm eggs may be ingested when people touch their mouth after they scratch their perianal area or after they handle contaminated clothes or other objects (eg, bed linens).

• #58 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Enterobius (syn. Oxyuris) vermicularis is a human-pathogenic intestinal parasite belonging to the nematodes (Nematoda). Synonyms include threadworm and seatworm. Symptomatic pinworm infection is referred to as enterobiasis (older term: oxyuriasis) (5). […] One can assume that E. vermicularis has been successfully established as a parasite in the host organism since the evolution of human hominids. Fossil findings confirm that their co-existence stretches back over many thousands of years (7 9). […] The considerable potential for E. vermicularis transmission is explained by the tenacity and adhesive property of the eggs, which adhere particularly well to hands and under fingernails (16, 25), thereby easily maintaining the chain of infection (continuous exposure, contact infection, autoinfection).

• #59 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as pinworm infection (enterobiasis) (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae. […] Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque. Other species seen in primates include Enterobius buckleyi in Orangutan and Enterobius anthropopitheci in chimpanzee. Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis.

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