Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pinworm infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/443

  Pinworm infection is the most common helminthic infection in the US. […] Diagnosis is made by applying adhesive tape to the perianal area and examining for eggs or adult worms. […] Key diagnostic factors include perianal pruritus, perianal erythema, and presence of worms. […] 1st tests to order include the adhesive tape test.

• #2 Pinworm infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/443

  Pinworm infection is the most common helminthic infection in the US. […] Diagnosis is made by applying adhesive tape to the perianal area and examining for eggs or adult worms. […] Key diagnostic factors include perianal pruritus, perianal erythema, and presence of worms. […] 1st investigations to order include the adhesive tape test.

• #3 Enterobiasis (pinworm) and trichuriasis (whipworm) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/enterobiasis-pinworm-and-trichuriasis-whipworm

  Enterobiasis (pinworm) and trichuriasis (whipworm) […] Diagnosis […] Enterobiasis occurs in both temperate and tropical climates; it is the most common helminthic infection in the United States and Western Europe. […] It has been estimated that twenty percent of children will acquire pinworm at some point, with peak prevalence in school-age children. […] Infection occurs in all socioeconomic groups; transmission is most efficient when people are living in closed, crowded conditions and is common within households. […] Enterobiasis is observed most frequently among school children aged 5 to 10 years; it is relatively uncommon in children <2 years old. [...] Life cycle and transmission — E. vermicularis has a simple life cycle. The cycle begins with egg deposition by gravid adult female worms on the perianal folds. Autoinfection occurs by scratching the perianal area and transferring infective eggs to the mouth with contaminated hands. Person-to-person transmission can occur by eating food touched by contaminated hands or by handling contaminated clothes or bed linens. Infection may also be acquired via contact with environmental surfaces that are contaminated with eggs. In addition, eggs may become airborne, inhaled, and swallowed.

• #4 Pinworm infection | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/pinworm-infection

  Your doctor can confirm the presence of pinworms by identifying the worms or eggs. […] To help your doctor make a diagnosis, you can perform the tape test. As soon as the person you suspect has pinworms wakes up and before he or she uses the toilet, washes or gets dressed, press the adhesive side of a piece of transparent tape to the skin around the anus. The eggs stick to the tape. […] For best results, perform the tape test three days in a row, and then take the pieces of tape to your doctor. Your doctor can look at the tape under a microscope to see if there are any pinworm eggs.

• #5 Diagnosing Pinworms | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/diagnosing/index.html

  Speak with your healthcare provider to learn about testing and diagnosis of pinworm infection. […] Your provider can walk you through the steps of conducting a „tape test”. […] A healthcare provider should diagnose pinworm, but they may ask you to help them by doing one of these things: […] Conduct a „tape test”. Press the sticky side of clear tape against the skin near the anus to collect pinworm eggs. […] If the person has pinworm infection, eggs may appear on the tape under a microscope. […] A healthcare provider may also check for pinworm eggs under the affected person’s fingernails, since people with pinworms usually scratch the itchy area containing the eggs.

• #6 Pinworm test | Lima Memorial Health System

  https://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/HIE%20Multimedia-TextOnly/1/003452

  A pinworm test is a method used to identify a pinworm infection. Pinworms are small, thin worms that commonly infect young children, although anyone can be infected. […] The best way to diagnose this infection is to do a tape test. The best time to do this is in the morning before bathing, because pinworms lay their eggs at night. […] This test is performed to check for pinworms, which can cause itching in the anal area. […] If adult pinworms or eggs are found, the person has a pinworm infection. Usually, all household members need to be treated with medicine. This is because pinworms are easily passed back and forth within a household.

• #7 Pinworm Infection

  https://health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm

  Finding the female worm or the eggs confirms the diagnosis of pinworms. To find a female worm: […] If adult worms are not visible, conduct a tape test in the morning. Apply a piece of transparent tape against the folds of skin around the anus to pick up any eggs or worms. Seal in a plastic bag. […] Take the tape to a health care provider. The eggs and worms caught on the tape can be identified under a microscope. […] Pinworms are rarely spotted in stool samples. Because bathing or a bowel movement can remove the eggs, the tape test should be done as soon as the person wakes up in the morning.

• #8 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  In addition to the typical patient history involving the cardinal symptom, i.e., intermittent (peri-)anal pruritus, an inspection of clothes and linen, the anal area, as well as stool can yield diagnostic information. The moving worm-like parasites are sometimes visible on underwear, bed sheets, or directly on the anal verge. In the case of severe infestation, the worms may be visibly expelled with the stool. Occasionally, individual adult worms are visualized on proctoscopy or colonoscopy. A worm identified macroscopically constitutes evidence of infection. […] Many affected individuals do not observe visible pinworms (low parasite burden and no symptoms). Since oviposition occurs on the anal folds, the worm eggs that are invisible to the naked eye can be swabbed using commercially available adhesive cellulose tape (Scotch tape) in the morning prior to defecation and before washing the genital area (Scotch tape test). To this end, one presses the adhesive side of the tape (previously cut to size, e.g., 10 2 cm) against the anal and perianal region several times consecutively with the buttocks spread apart. The tape is then affixed to a suitable slide, adhesive side down. Microscopic detection of the characteristic worm eggs confirms infection. The slides do not need to be stored, prepared, or preserved in any particular manner. Microbiological laboratories and pharmacies now offer readymade diagnostic kits. Alternatively, one can swab the anal region with a cotton swab and then place this in physiological saline solution. The solution can then be used in the microscopic inspection for worm eggs (or in molecular genetic detection methods). This diagnostic technique should be performed on three different days in order to increase its sensitivity (from around 50% in the case of a one-off Scotch tape test to approximately 90% if performed on three separate days). […] Stool microscopy is not a helpful diagnostic tool, since the worm eggs are deposited outside the intestine. Serological methods are of no diagnostic relevance. Similarly, neither blood eosinophilia nor elevated immunoglobulin E levels are generally expected due to the low invasiveness of the worms.

• #9 Pinworm Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic-infections-roundworms-nematodes/pinworm-infection

  The infection can be diagnosed by finding the eggs or sometimes the adult pinworm around the anus. […] The diagnosis of pinworm infection is made by finding the eggs or adult pinworms around the anus. Eggs can be obtained by patting the skinfolds around the anus with the sticky side of a strip of transparent tape. This should be done in the early morning before the person defecates or wipes the area. The tape can be taken to the doctor for microscopic examination. Doctors may ask people to repeat this procedure several days in a row to make sure that they obtain eggs, if present. […] The best way to search for adult pinworms is to examine the anus approximately 1 to 2 hours after going to bed for the night. The worms are white and hair-thin, but they wiggle and are visible to the naked eye.

• #10 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection (29.03.2019)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/206305

  In addition to the typical patient history involving the cardinal symptom, i.e., intermittent (peri-)anal pruritus, an inspection of clothes and linen, the anal area, as well as stool can yield diagnostic information. The moving worm-like parasites are sometimes visible on underwear, bed sheets, or directly on the anal verge. […] Many affected individuals do not observe visible pinworms (low parasite burden and no symptoms). Since oviposition occurs on the anal folds, the worm eggs that are invisible to the naked eye can be swabbed using commercially available adhesive cellulose tape (Scotch tape) in the morning prior to defecation and before washing the genital area (Scotch tape test). To this end, one presses the adhesive side of the tape (previously cut to size, e.g., 10 2 cm) against the anal and perianal region several times consecutively with the buttocks spread apart. The tape is then affixed to a suitable slide, adhesive side down. Microscopic detection of the characteristic worm eggs confirms infection. […] Stool microscopy is not a helpful diagnostic tool, since the worm eggs are deposited outside the intestine. Serological methods are of no diagnostic relevance. Similarly, neither blood eosinophilia nor elevated immunoglobulin E levels are generally expected due to the low invasiveness of the worms.

• #11 Pinworms: Infection, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/pinworms-infection

  Doctors diagnose pinworms by looking for their eggs or the actual worms. If you or someone in your household has symptoms of a pinworm infection, you can help your doctor confirm the diagnosis by doing the tape test. […] To do this test, simply take a clear piece of tape and press the sticky side to the skin around the anus. Hold the tape to the skin for a few seconds so that the eggs stick to it. Do this as soon as you or your child wakes up before you use the bathroom or shower or get dressed. […] You’ll need to repeat this test three days in a row. Put all the pieces of tape in a bag and bring the bag to your doctor. They’ll look at the pieces of tape under a microscope to check for eggs. If there are eggs on the tape, you or your child has a pinworm infection.

• #12 Pinworms: Infection, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pinworms

  A tape test is the most reliable method for diagnosing a pinworm infection. This test involves pressing the sticky, adhesive side of clear cellophane tape against the skin around the anus. […] If eggs are present, they should stick to the tape. […] The CDC recommends conducting a tape test on at least three consecutive mornings to increase your likelihood of finding the eggs.

• #13 Pinworm (Enterobiasis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Procedures

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-workup

  Unlike other intestinal nematode infections, which are diagnosed by stool examination, the diagnosis of enterobiasis is best established by the cellophane tape examination described below. The presence of pinworms or their ova is rarely detected through microscopic stool examination. […] A specimen for cellophane tape examination is best obtained by dabbing the stretched, unwashed perianal folds in the early morning with cellophane tape and affixing the specimen onto a slide. A negative test for 5 consecutive mornings effectively rules out the diagnosis. […] Patients with recurrent episodes of perianal itching should have a stool sample sent to the laboratory for analysis because different parasites, which require different treatment, may appear similar to enterobiasis. […] A perianal cellophane swab or cellophane-tape examination should be used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. […] Egg detection is associated with a false-positive rate of 5-11% and a false-negative rate of 70-95%. […] One report found that a single cellophane-tape examination yielded a sensitivity of 50%, three examinations yielded a sensitivity of 90%, and five examinations yielded a sensitivity of 99%.

• #14 Enterobius Vermicularis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536974/

  Enterobius can be diagnosed through a cellophane tape test or pinworm paddle test where an adhesive tape-like material is applied to the perianal area and then examined under a microscope. The examination might reveal characteristic ova which are 50 by 30 microns in size and have a flattened surface on one side or may reveal the worms. Female worms are around 8 to 13 mm long while male worms are 2 to 5 mm long. The examination is usually done in the early morning for higher diagnostic yield. If the examination is negative for five consecutive mornings, then the diagnosis is ruled out. Stool examination is not helpful in the diagnosis of E. vermicularis as they are only occasionally excreted in the stool usually. Sometimes analysis of the stool specimen is recommended to rule out other causes. […] Prognosis following a pinworm infection is excellent. Patients are recommended to follow up with their physicians after completion of the treatment to make sure they do not have any reinfection. If symptoms recur then testing and treatment as above should be re-initiated.

• #15 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  To diagnose a pinworm infection, a doctor may use the following: […] The doctor places a piece of clear plastic tape against the skin around the anus and then looks at the tape under a microscope. […] A doctor or nurse may take a moistened swab around the anal area. […] Sometimes worms are visible in the anal area, on underwear, or in the toilet. […] To examine a child, inspect the anal area 2-3 hours after going to sleep, when the females are active outside the anus. […] If there is no evidence of pinworms for 5 consecutive mornings, a doctor will not diagnose a pinworm infection.

• #16 Pinworm Infestation – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/pinworm-infestation

  Diagnosis is by visual inspection for threadlike worms in the perianal area or the cellophane tape test for ova. […] Pinworm infestation can be diagnosed by finding the female worm, which is 8 to 13 mm long (males are 2 to 5 mm), in the perianal region 1 or 2 hours after going to bed at night or in the morning or by using a low-power microscope to identify ova on cellophane tape. […] Diagnose pinworm infestation by collecting ova in the morning on cellophane tape and using a low-power microscope to identify them; diagnosis can also be made by finding the female worm in the perianal region 1 or 2 hours after a person goes to bed at night.

• #17 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Youll know you have a pinworm infection if you find signs of either the pinworm or the eggs. You can see adult pinworms with just your eyes, but your healthcare provider uses a microscope to see the eggs. […] Check for pinworms about two to three hours after you fall asleep. Around this time, pinworms make their way out of your rectum to lay eggs around your anus. Pinworms look small, thin and grayish-white, like little pieces of thread. This is why theyre sometimes called threadworms. […] You can also use tape to collect the eggs. This is called the tape test. Heres what you do: Place a piece of clear tape (sticky side down) over your childs anal area as soon as they wake up in the morning. The eggs will stick to the tape. […] Your child will need to take an oral (taken by mouth) anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms. Theyll take one dose immediately and another dose two weeks later to be sure all the worms are gone. […] No. Untreated pinworms lay more eggs, making it easier to spread the infection. Your child will need medicine to get rid of them. […] Medications cure pinworms 90% to 100% of the time. With proper treatment, pinworms go away and dont cause long-term health problems.

• #18 What Are Pinworms? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pinworms/guide/

  How Is a Pinworm Infection Diagnosed? There are three different ways to approach the diagnosis of pinworms. Examine the anus. Wake your child about one to two hours after you put him or her to bed, then check around his or her anus for wiggly, white, hair-thin worms that are about to inch (0.63 to 1.27 centimeters) long. […] Use transparent tape. First thing in the morning (before your child bathes or uses the bathroom), firmly place a 1-inch piece of transparent tape against the skin around the anus for a few seconds, allowing any pinworm eggs to stick to the tape. Next, transfer the tape to a glass slide, sticky side down, and place inside a sealed plastic bag. Repeat for three consecutive mornings and take the tape to the doctor for microscopic examination. If you see worms that have adhered to the tape, you can likely inform your doctor that you’ve found pinworms. […] Analyze under-the-fingernail samples. A physician may also opt to use a microscope to examine a specimen taken from under a child’s fingernails. Eggs may be found there due to scratching.

• #19 CDC – Enterobiasis – Diagnosis

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/diagnosis.html

  A person infected with pinworm is often asymptomatic, but itching around the anus is a common symptom. Diagnosis of pinworm can be reached from three simple techniques. The first option is to look for the worms in the perianal region 2 to 3 hours after the infected person is asleep. The second option is to touch the perianal skin with transparent tape to collect possible pinworm eggs around the anus first thing in the morning. If a person is infected, the eggs on the tape will be visible under a microscope. The tape method should be conducted on 3 consecutive mornings right after the infected person wakes up and before he/she does any washing. Since anal itching is a common symptom of pinworm, the third option for diagnosis is analyzing samples from under fingernails under a microscope. An infected person who has scratched the anal area may have picked up some pinworm eggs under the nails that could be used for diagnosis. […] Since pinworm eggs and worms are often sparse in stool, examining stool samples is not recommended. Serologic tests are not available for diagnosing pinworm infections.

• #20 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection (29.03.2019)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/206305/The-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-pinworm-infection

  In addition to the typical patient history involving the cardinal symptom, i.e., intermittent (peri-)anal pruritus, an inspection of clothes and linen, the anal area, as well as stool can yield diagnostic information. The moving worm-like parasites are sometimes visible on underwear, bed sheets, or directly on the anal verge. In the case of severe infestation, the worms may be visibly expelled with the stool. Occasionally, individual adult worms are visualized on proctoscopy or colonoscopy. A worm identified macroscopically constitutes evidence of infection. […] Many affected individuals do not observe visible pinworms (low parasite burden and no symptoms). Since oviposition occurs on the anal folds, the worm eggs that are invisible to the naked eye can be swabbed using commercially available adhesive cellulose tape (Scotch tape) in the morning prior to defecation and before washing the genital area (Scotch tape test). To this end, one presses the adhesive side of the tape (previously cut to size, e.g., 10 2 cm) against the anal and perianal region several times consecutively with the buttocks spread apart. The tape is then affixed to a suitable slide, adhesive side down. Microscopic detection of the characteristic worm eggs confirms infection. The slides do not need to be stored, prepared, or preserved in any particular manner. […] Stool microscopy is not a helpful diagnostic tool, since the worm eggs are deposited outside the intestine. Serological methods are of no diagnostic relevance. Similarly, neither blood eosinophilia nor elevated immunoglobulin E levels are generally expected due to the low invasiveness of the worms.

• #21 Pinworms: Comprehensive Overview, Diagnosis, and Management – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/pinworms-comprehensive-overview-diagnosis-and-management

  Visual Inspection: Adult worms may be visible around the anus or in the stool. They are small, white, and resemble a piece of thread. […] The Tape Test: Conducted in the morning before bathing or using the toilet. A piece of clear adhesive tape is pressed against the anal area to collect eggs, then examined under a microscope. […] Stool Examination: Not typically used for diagnosis, as eggs are rarely found in feces.

• #22 Pinworm Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html

  The doctor will ask questions about your childs symptoms and check your childs bottom. The doctor may ask you to help make the diagnosis of pinworms by doing a tape test: […] The doctor also might take some samples from under a child’s fingernails to look for eggs.

• #23 Pinworm Test at Home, Kit, Symptoms, Treatment, Pictures

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_test/article.htm

  If pinworms are suspected, transparent adhesive tape or a pinworm paddle (supplied by your healthcare provider) is applied to the anal region. The tape can pick up both eggs and occasionally the adult worms. Most clinicians suggest the test be done as soon as the person awakens and before any bowel movement or cleansing (bath, shower) as these actions tend to remove the eggs and parasites from the anal/rectal area. […] The test should be done as soon as you wake up in the morning (because bathing or having a bowel movement may remove eggs). The exam may require several samples for a positive diagnosis. Researchers suggest that repeating the test at about three different intervals yields about a 90% detection rate. […] Samples taken from under the fingernails may also contain eggs (since scratching of the anal area is common).

• #24 Pinworm Infection – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/pinworm-infection.html

  How is a pinworm infection diagnosed? […] Your child’s healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms. He or she may also examine the area around your child’s anus. Your child may need any of the following: […] A tape test can show if there are any pinworms or eggs around your child’s anus. This test is usually done at night or right after your child wakes in the morning. A piece of clear adhesive tape will be patted around your child’s anus. Your child’s healthcare provider will then look for eggs on the tape using a microscope. This test may need to be done for 3 or more days. […] […] Saline swabs are used to wipe around your child’s anus. The swab will be sent to a lab to test for pinworm eggs. […] […] Skin scrapings taken from under your child’s fingernails may also be tested for pinworm eggs. […] […] A sample may be tested for pinworm eggs. A sample of your child’s bowel movement, urine, or vaginal fluid is viewed under a microscope.

• #25 008631: Pinworm Preparation | Labcorp

  https://www.labcorp.com/tests/008631/pinworm-preparation

  Detect cases of pinworm infestation (enterobiasis), E vermicularis parasitic infestation […] The most satisfactory means of diagnosing pinworm infection is by the recovery of eggs or female worms from the perianal region. Only 5% to 10% of infected persons have demonstrable eggs in their stools. If feces is submitted for examination, only the surface should be sampled. Enterobiasis often is present in multiple family members; therefore, it is recommended that all members of the family be tested. […] Diagnosis at colonoscopy has also been reported.

• #26 Pinworm infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_infection

  Diagnosis is by seeing the worms which are about one centimetre long or the eggs under a microscope. […] Diagnosis relies on finding the eggs or the adult pinworms. Individual eggs are invisible to the naked eye, but they can be seen using a low-power microscope. […] Shining a flashlight on the infected individual’s anus about one hour after they fall asleep is one form of detection and may show worms crawling out of the anus. […] Another form of detection is the use of transparent adhesive tape (e.g. Scotch Tape) applied on the anal area which will pick up deposited eggs, and diagnosis can be made by examining the tape with a microscope. […] A third method of diagnosis is examining a sample from under their fingernails under a microscope as itching around the anal area is common and therefore they may have collected some eggs under their nails as a result. […] Pinworms do not lay eggs in the feces, but sometimes eggs are deposited in the intestine. As such, routine examination of fecal material gives a positive diagnosis in only 5 to 15% of infected subjects, and is therefore of little practical diagnostic use.

• #27 Diagnosis incidence and treatment of enterobius vericularis in North America

  https://open.bu.edu/items/cb718c48-63b2-40eb-89c9-1dbcb0d40d0b

  The adult male pinworm measures from 2 to 5 millimeters in length, and has its terminal and curved ventrad. The female pinworm is more than twice as large as the male, 8-13 millimeters in length, and has its tail portion decidedly attenuate. Pinworm ova is characteristically flattened on one side, and measures 55 by 30 micrometers. Examination of the feces show only a small percentage of the actual number of cases infected with pinworms. D’Antoni and Sawitz (1940) reported diagnosing less than 1 per cent of the true incidence using direct fecal films, and less than 25 per cent using fecal concentration techniques. The use of swabs is the present accepted means for diagnosing pinworm infections. Many swabs have been devised, but only two are in general use (1) the NIH swab, and (2) the Graham swab. These two swabs require a total of 7 consecutive swabs before an individual is considered to be negative. Serological testing seems to be of little value in diagnosing the presence of Enterobius. The reactions encountered upon injection of various sorts of extracts of pinworm individuals are not specific and therefore of little diagnostic value.

• #28 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  If you or someone you know is showing signs of a pinworm infection, speak with your healthcare provider. There are three ways, with your help, your provider can diagnose pinworm infection: […] Conduct a „tape test” to collect possible pinworm eggs around the anus. […] Treat everyone in the same household and caregivers of the person diagnosed with pinworms at the same time.

• #29 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Treatment, Infestation & Causes

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/pinworm-infection

  Pinworm infection symptoms are usually mild and sometimes there are no symptoms at all. The main one is itching in the anal area, especially at night. During sleep, pinworms travel to lay eggs in the skinfolds outside the anus. This can lead to restless and interrupted sleep. […] To diagnose them, your doctor may ask you to apply sticky tape to the perianal skin first thing in the morning to collect the eggs. […] See a doctor promptly if you suspect a pinworm infection. Treatment usually clears the problem in a short time. […] There are over-the-counter and prescription medicines that can treat a pinworm infestation. Treatment involves two doses you take two weeks apart. The medicine paralyzes the worms and causes them to detach from the intestinal wall. […] Because spreading and reinfection happen very easily, all household members and caretakers should receive treatment at the same time as the infected child. […] Your doctor may recommend a cream to relieve the itching and prevent scratching of the area.

• #30 Pinworm Infection (Enterobiasis)—Symptoms and Diagnosis

  https://www.emvermhcp.com/symptoms-and-diagnosis/

  Perianal pruritus is the hallmark symptom of pinworm infection. […] Pinworm should be suspected in young children with perianal pruritus and restless sleep. […] Symptoms of intense scratching of the anal area and sleep disturbance are generally strong indications of pinworm infection. […] Visual identification of pinworms in the perianal region after the infected person is asleep is one possible way of diagnosing pinworm. The most common diagnostic method is called the „tape test.” […] A tape test diagnosis is made by applying clear adhesive tape to the perianal area, then examining the tape under a microscope for the presence of pinworm eggs. For the highest level of accuracy, this test should be conducted on 3 consecutive mornings.

• #31 Pinworm infection – Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

  https://www.epocrates.com/online/diseases/443/pinworm-infection

  Diagnosis is made by applying adhesive tape to the perianal area and examining for eggs or adult worms. […] Pinworm infection is the most common helminthic infection in the US. […] Although most infected individuals are asymptomatic, perianal itching is the most common clinical presentation.

• #32 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The diagnosis should be suspected in children with a perianal itch, and is confirmed by detection of the pinworms characteristic eggs. Applying clear sticky tape to the perianal skin and examining it for eggs is the best way to make the diagnosis. This is best done in the morning before bathing, as the worms migrate during resting periods. Microscopy on faeces can be conducted, although finding eggs is exceptional.

• #33 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  Pinworms are the most common worm infection in America. […] Pinworms are big enough to be seen with the naked eye. They are yellow-white and look like a fine piece of thread. […] If a person suspects pinworms but does not see them, the „tape test” can be used. […] The doctor may decide based upon the patient’s symptoms that pinworms are present and may treat with medication without doing any tests. […] If one person in a household has pinworms and other people in the household have the same symptoms, it is not necessary to test everyone before treating. […] Pediatricians, family practitioners and internists are all capable of accurately diagnosing and treating pinworm infections. […] Blood tests are not necessary to establish the diagnosis of pinworm infection. […] The doctor may also recommend tap water enemas to help flush out the pinworms and reduce symptoms. […] It is common to become reinfected with pinworms several months after treatment. […] If the symptoms recur, should call a doctor and be treated again.

Zobacz więcej