Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Med-Surg Nursing: Hypoparathyroidism vs. Hyperparathyroidism

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/endocrine-system-17-hypoparathyroidism-hyperparathyroidism?srsltid=AfmBOor2T0o7OdZIPnT-fkS6F9qD5gwxAwVpq05taf9Fa8fXdArmQM5U

  Hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands resulting in hypersecretion, or excess secretion, of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in excess blood calcium levels. […] The signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia, which includes fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain and deformities (because calcium is being pulled out of bones), nausea and vomiting, weight loss, constipation, hypertension, kidney stones, depression or other behavioral changes and dysrhythmias. […] For patients with hyperparathyroidism, there are several types of treatments available, including medications to control symptoms, as well as surgical interventions. […] If you have a patient with hyperparathyroidism, you will want to implement safety precautions. This patient is literally fragile their excess levels of PTH causes calcium to be pulled out of the bones. […] A patient with hyperparathyroidism should eat a low-calcium, high-phosphorus diet, and increase their fluid intake to prevent constipation and the risk of kidney stones.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/hyperparathyroidism

  Hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed through blood tests that show high levels of calcium and PTH. In most cases, health care providers discover primary hyperparathyroidism from a routine blood test. […] You may not need immediate treatment if: You do not show any symptoms of the condition, You have only slight increase in calcium levels. […] Surgery is the main treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. One or more glands may be removed. This procedure is called parathyroidectomy. […] Hyperparathyroidism should never be treated by alternative medicine alone. Some complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may support conventional treatment. […] If you have surgery, your doctor will check your blood calcium levels for several months to be sure that the levels remain stable. […] If you do not have surgery, your calcium levels will need to be checked over a longer period of time. Your checkups will also include a careful assessment of your bones and kidneys.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  To educate nursing professionals on the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism. This care plan will focus on understanding the condition, identifying symptoms, and implementing appropriate interventions to manage complications, maintain calcium balance, and provide patient education. […] Maintain calcium levels within the normal range and prevent hypercalcemia complications. […] Alleviate symptoms and manage underlying conditions contributing to hyperparathyroidism. […] Educate the patient about the disease process, dietary considerations, and medication adherence. […] Monitor and prevent potential complications such as kidney stones and bone density loss. […] Regularly check serum calcium levels. […] Monitor for signs of bone demineralization or fractures. […] Evaluate for kidney stone symptoms and monitor renal function tests.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  Assess for signs of confusion, lethargy, or other cognitive changes. […] Risk for Injury related to bone demineralization and weakness. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements related to increased calcium levels. […] Risk for Impaired Renal Function related to potential kidney stone formation. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding the management of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. […] Monitoring and Managing Electrolytes: Regularly monitor calcium and PTH levels and administer medications to control hypercalcemia as prescribed. […] Nutritional Support: Provide dietary counseling to manage weight and gastrointestinal symptoms. […] Fluid Management: Encourage adequate hydration to prevent kidney stones and assist in maintaining kidney function. […] Anxiety Reduction: Offer emotional support and counseling, especially for patients undergoing surgery.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/hyperparathyroidism-nclex-review/

  As the nurse taking care of the patient with hyperparathyroidism it is important you understand the signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, causes, nursing interventions, and medical treatments. […] Nursing Interventions for Hyperparathyroidism: Monitor vitals, EKG, renal stones (strain urine), calcium and phosphate levels. […] Monitor intake and output and fluid status (encourage fluids.patients are risk for dehydration and kidney stone formation, however watch fluid status on patients with congestive heart failure and renal failure. […] Diet low is calcium and high in phosphatewatch phosphate in renal patients. […] Monitor respiratory status due to nature of surgery, Semi-Fowlers position, trach kit, oxygen, and suction at bedside for emergency. […] Watch for low calcium levels: tingling or numbness or excessive twitching in extremities or face, tetany, positive Trousseaus or Chvosteks Sign.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/hyperparathyroidism-nclex-review/

  Monitor patient for laryngeal nerve damage: voice changes (hoarseness), problems swallowing or speaking. […] Medication Goals: to decrease parathyroid and calcium levels and keep patient hydrated. […] IV fluids: normal saline for hydration. […] Calcimimetics: Senispar decreases PTH, calcium, and phosphate levels (usually prescribed for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism with CKDpatients with renal failure struggle with high phosphate levels so this medication helps with this as well). […] Calcitonin (injection or nasal sprays): naturally produced by the thyroid gland and helps lower calcium levels (suppresses osteoclast activity of the bones (helps protect bones) and increases the kidneys excretion of calcium). […] Loop diuretics Lasix: decreases calcium levels by inhibiting calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules (watch potassium levels). […] Bisphosphonates: Pamidronate (Aredia) or Alendronate (Fosamax) helps protect bones from losing calcium by slowing down osteoclasts (which break down bones) and allow osteoblasts to work (to help build bones).

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356199

  Treatment options for primary hyperparathyroidism can include watchful waiting, surgery and medications. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism and provides a cure in most cases. A surgeon will remove only those glands that are enlarged or have a tumor. […] If you choose this watch-and-wait approach, you’ll likely need regularly scheduled tests to monitor your blood-calcium levels and bone density. […] Complications from surgery aren’t common. Risks include: Damage to nerves controlling the vocal cords. Long-term low calcium levels requiring the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements due to removal or damage to all parathyroid glands. This means the body cannot produce enough parathyroid hormone to keep the calcium in the standard range. […] Medications to treat hyperparathyroidism include the following: Calcimimetics. A calcimimetic is a drug that mimics calcium circulating in the blood. The drug may trick the parathyroid glands into releasing less parathyroid hormone.

• #1 Patient Information About Parathyroid Diseases – American Head & Neck Society

  https://www.ahns.info/endocrine/for-patients-endocrine/patient-information-about-parathyroid-diseases/

  In most patients, treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroid surgery. Fortunately, parathyroidectomy is generally very successful, safe, and easy to recover from. […] Parathyroid surgery (or parathyroidectomy) is the main treatment for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This helps improve their symptoms and prevents long-term complications of parathyroid disease. […] Parathyroidectomy is generally a safe and effective procedure to treat many forms of hyperparathyroidism. […] Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy offers a reliable and less invasive approach for treating most patients with hyperparathyroidism. […] Re-operative parathyroid surgery, for patients who already have had parathyroidectomy, is a particular challenging surgery. In these patients their hyperparathyroidism returns or their first surgery was not successful in curing their disease. […] Because of this, re-operative parathyroidectomy is best performed by surgeons with specialized training.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism | Institute for Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer

  https://www.headneckandthyroid.com/Patients/Hyperparathyroidism

  The treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is surgery for those patients who meet the criteria for therapeutic management of the disease. […] In preparation for surgery for hyperparathyroidism, it is important to rule out the presence of a coexisting thyroid gland abnormality, which if diagnosed (most often by ultrasound), may require simultaneous surgical removal. […] The surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism involves the removal of the abnormal parathyroid gland(s) that are determined by the experienced surgeon to be enlarged and/or abnormal in contour. […] When removal of a single enlarged parathyroid gland produces a threshold drop in the levels of PTH, then the surgeon can comfortably terminate the procedure without having to expose and identify the other parathyroid glands. […] Recovery from parathyroid surgery is usually very rapid. Most patients recover within 48 hours with a postoperative sore throat being the only lingering symptom.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356199

  If you and your health care provider have chosen to monitor, rather than treat, your primary hyperparathyroidism, the following suggestions can help prevent complications: Monitor how much calcium and vitamin D you get in your diet. […] Drink plenty of fluids. Drink enough fluids, mostly water, to produce nearly clear urine to lessen the risk of kidney stones. […] Exercise regularly. Regular exercise, including strength training, helps maintain strong bones. […] Avoid calcium-raising medications. Certain medications, including some diuretics and lithium, can raise calcium levels. If you take such medications, ask your provider whether another medication may be appropriate for you.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut2966

  Hyperparathyroidism means that your parathyroid glands are too active. These are tiny glands in the neck. They sit behind the thyroid gland. They make a hormone that helps control how much calcium is in the blood. When these glands make too much hormone, the amount of calcium in the blood goes up. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] You will need to see your doctor regularly to check your condition. You also will have tests to check the level of calcium in your blood and to make sure your kidneys are working well. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You get weaker and more tired even after treatment. You feel depressed or have aches and pains. You are constipated. You have increased thirst and urination. You do not feel hungry. You do not get better as expected.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  Patient Education: Educate about disease management, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in maintaining normal calcium levels. […] Assess the reduction in symptoms related to hyperparathyroidism. […] Evaluate patient and family understanding of hyperparathyroidism management and necessary lifestyle changes. […] Monitor for the absence or timely management of complications such as kidney stones or bone loss. […] This care plan aims to address the management of hyperparathyroidism with a focus on maintaining calcium balance, monitoring bone health, preventing renal complications, and providing comprehensive patient education for effective disease management.

• #1 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism – American Nurse Today

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/secondary-hyperparathyroidism/

  Through early recognition and prompt treatment, you can help relieve patient pain and discomfort. […] Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism requires interdisciplinary collaboration. […] Key considerations for nurses include fall risk, fracture, pain, and immobility. […] By being alert to the possibility of SHPT, nurses can promote early recognition and prompt treatment to alleviate the patients pain and discomfort.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  To educate nursing professionals on the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism. This care plan will focus on understanding the condition, identifying symptoms, and implementing appropriate interventions to manage complications, maintain calcium balance, and provide patient education. […] Maintain calcium levels within the normal range and prevent hypercalcemia complications. […] Alleviate symptoms and manage underlying conditions contributing to hyperparathyroidism. […] Educate the patient about the disease process, dietary considerations, and medication adherence. […] Monitor and prevent potential complications such as kidney stones and bone density loss. […] Regularly check serum calcium levels. […] Monitor for signs of bone demineralization or fractures. […] Evaluate for kidney stone symptoms and monitor renal function tests.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356194

  Hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands create high amounts of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. […] See your health care provider if you have any signs or symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. These symptoms could be caused by many disorders, including some with serious complications. It’s important to get a prompt, accurate diagnosis and the right treatment. […] Hyperparathyroidism is caused by factors that increase the production of parathyroid hormone. […] Sometimes one or more of the parathyroid glands produce high amounts of parathyroid hormone. […] Primary hyperparathyroidism usually occurs randomly. But some people inherit a gene that causes the disorder. […] Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the result of another condition that lowers the blood calcium, which then affects the gland’s function.

• #2 Primary Hyperparathyroidism | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/primary-hyperparathyroidism

  Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more of the parathyroid glands become abnormal and increase production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). […] If left untreated, the calcium increase can lead to osteoporosis and kidney stones. […] At Tampa General Hospitals Parathyroid Thyroid Institute, our expert surgeons diagnose and treat primary hyperparathyroidism daily. […] Those that do have symptoms may experience: abdominal pain (pancreatitis, constipation and GERD), brittle bones (osteoporosis or osteopenia), decreased kidney function, depression, anxiety, heart disease (atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease), increased urination, joint pain, bone pain, kidney stones, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, nausea or vomiting, hair loss, hypertension. […] Commonly, primary hyperparathyroidism is found during a routine blood test.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  Assess for signs of confusion, lethargy, or other cognitive changes. […] Risk for Injury related to bone demineralization and weakness. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements related to increased calcium levels. […] Risk for Impaired Renal Function related to potential kidney stone formation. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding the management of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. […] Monitoring and Managing Electrolytes: Regularly monitor calcium and PTH levels and administer medications to control hypercalcemia as prescribed. […] Nutritional Support: Provide dietary counseling to manage weight and gastrointestinal symptoms. […] Fluid Management: Encourage adequate hydration to prevent kidney stones and assist in maintaining kidney function. […] Anxiety Reduction: Offer emotional support and counseling, especially for patients undergoing surgery.

• #2 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism – American Nurse Today

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/secondary-hyperparathyroidism/

  Through early recognition and prompt treatment, you can help relieve patient pain and discomfort. […] Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism requires interdisciplinary collaboration. […] Key considerations for nurses include fall risk, fracture, pain, and immobility. […] By being alert to the possibility of SHPT, nurses can promote early recognition and prompt treatment to alleviate the patients pain and discomfort.

• #2 How to care for patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/how-to-care-for-patients-undergoing-surgery-for-primary-hyperparathyroidism-07-11-2010/

  As mentioned earlier, patients can develop HBS postoperatively, so nurses should observe for signs of hypocalcaemia. […] The reduction of bone mineral density often caused by the pathophysiological changes associated with primary hyperparathyroidism means these patients may need long term care. […] Primary hyperparathyroidism can be a challenging condition for both patients and nurses, and can even be life threatening. The treatment options that are available in crisis enable patients to be managed successfully in order to prepare them for surgery. This brings with it challenges for nurses who need to be able to link pathophysiology to nursing practice to provide safe and effective nursing care. […] Not only is it important to be able to care for patients in the acute phases of the primary hyperparathyroidism, it is also vital that nurses care for them holistically.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/hyperparathyroidism-nclex-review/

  As the nurse taking care of the patient with hyperparathyroidism it is important you understand the signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, causes, nursing interventions, and medical treatments. […] Nursing Interventions for Hyperparathyroidism: Monitor vitals, EKG, renal stones (strain urine), calcium and phosphate levels. […] Monitor intake and output and fluid status (encourage fluids.patients are risk for dehydration and kidney stone formation, however watch fluid status on patients with congestive heart failure and renal failure. […] Diet low is calcium and high in phosphatewatch phosphate in renal patients. […] Monitor respiratory status due to nature of surgery, Semi-Fowlers position, trach kit, oxygen, and suction at bedside for emergency. […] Watch for low calcium levels: tingling or numbness or excessive twitching in extremities or face, tetany, positive Trousseaus or Chvosteks Sign.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356199

  If you and your health care provider have chosen to monitor, rather than treat, your primary hyperparathyroidism, the following suggestions can help prevent complications: Monitor how much calcium and vitamin D you get in your diet. […] Drink plenty of fluids. Drink enough fluids, mostly water, to produce nearly clear urine to lessen the risk of kidney stones. […] Exercise regularly. Regular exercise, including strength training, helps maintain strong bones. […] Avoid calcium-raising medications. Certain medications, including some diuretics and lithium, can raise calcium levels. If you take such medications, ask your provider whether another medication may be appropriate for you.

• #2 The veterinary nurse’s guide to parathyroid disorders — Veterinary Internal Medicine Nursing

  https://www.veterinaryinternalmedicinenursing.com/blog/parathyroid-disorders

  Treatment initially revolves around reducing calcium levels. This is achieved with intravenous fluid therapy, usually with 0.9% Saline (+/- added potassium), since Hartmanns solution contains calcium. […] Nursing care of the hyperparathyroid patient involves monitoring their fluid balance carefully and providing sufficient water and toileting opportunities for a patient with severe PU/PD. […] As you can see, even though parathyroid disorders are rare, there is a lot for us to think about when caring for these patients – particularly with regard to sample handling, monitoring, and supporting clients long term.

• #2 How to care for patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/how-to-care-for-patients-undergoing-surgery-for-primary-hyperparathyroidism-07-11-2010/

  It is important to be able to plan and implement nursing care for those in crisis. This should be based not only on a holistic assessment, but should also take into account the specific challenges that this acute problem can bring. […] Nurses have an essential role in haemodynamic monitoring and fluid balance measurement to ensure patient safety. […] Fluid balance is an essential part of the specific care of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, especially when they present in crisis. […] Haemodynamic monitoring, including fluid balance is essential in the postoperative period. […] Although wound management is relatively straightforward in such cases, nurses play an extremely important role, particularly supporting patients who are dealing with altered body image issues following surgery.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356199

  Treatment options for primary hyperparathyroidism can include watchful waiting, surgery and medications. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism and provides a cure in most cases. A surgeon will remove only those glands that are enlarged or have a tumor. […] If you choose this watch-and-wait approach, you’ll likely need regularly scheduled tests to monitor your blood-calcium levels and bone density. […] Complications from surgery aren’t common. Risks include: Damage to nerves controlling the vocal cords. Long-term low calcium levels requiring the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements due to removal or damage to all parathyroid glands. This means the body cannot produce enough parathyroid hormone to keep the calcium in the standard range. […] Medications to treat hyperparathyroidism include the following: Calcimimetics. A calcimimetic is a drug that mimics calcium circulating in the blood. The drug may trick the parathyroid glands into releasing less parathyroid hormone.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14454-hyperparathyroidism

  Hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can cause high levels of calcium in your blood. Treatments include surgery, medications and lifestyle changes. […] The type of treatment depends on whether you have primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Treatments could include surgery, supplements and/or lifestyle changes. […] Surgery to remove a growth or an enlarged parathyroid gland (parathyroidectomy) can cure hyperparathyroidism. […] If you dont have surgery, your provider will monitor your symptoms, calcium levels and kidney function. […] Treating secondary hyperparathyroidism can be complex. You and your provider will work together to treat the root cause. […] If these strategies dont work or if you develop tertiary hyperparathyroidism, your provider will probably recommend surgery.

• #2 Parathyroid Disease and Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia) | Saint John’s Cancer Institute- Santa Monica, CA

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/endocrine/conditions/hyperparathyroidism/

  Hyperparathyroidism is a hormonal problem that can develop at any age, but occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women (2% of older women and 1% of older men). It develops because of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), an important factor in calcium metabolism. It can lead to high PTH levels and calcium levels in the blood, and a wide range of symptoms. […] The only cure for hyperparathyroidism is parathyroid surgerythe removal of one or more parathyroid tumors (parathyroidectomy). […] During parathyroid surgery, the number of parathyroid glands removed will be determined by measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood during the operation. Most parathyroid surgery is minimally invasive (small incision). […] There is the potential to resolve or improve all symptoms of parathyroid disease. However, because many symptoms of hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia are nonspecific, it is difficult to tell which symptoms are actually caused by the parathyroid tumor and which are unrelated.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/hyperparathyroidism-nclex-review/

  Monitor patient for laryngeal nerve damage: voice changes (hoarseness), problems swallowing or speaking. […] Medication Goals: to decrease parathyroid and calcium levels and keep patient hydrated. […] IV fluids: normal saline for hydration. […] Calcimimetics: Senispar decreases PTH, calcium, and phosphate levels (usually prescribed for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism with CKDpatients with renal failure struggle with high phosphate levels so this medication helps with this as well). […] Calcitonin (injection or nasal sprays): naturally produced by the thyroid gland and helps lower calcium levels (suppresses osteoclast activity of the bones (helps protect bones) and increases the kidneys excretion of calcium). […] Loop diuretics Lasix: decreases calcium levels by inhibiting calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules (watch potassium levels). […] Bisphosphonates: Pamidronate (Aredia) or Alendronate (Fosamax) helps protect bones from losing calcium by slowing down osteoclasts (which break down bones) and allow osteoblasts to work (to help build bones).

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-hyperparathyroidism

  Patient Education: Educate about disease management, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in maintaining normal calcium levels. […] Assess the reduction in symptoms related to hyperparathyroidism. […] Evaluate patient and family understanding of hyperparathyroidism management and necessary lifestyle changes. […] Monitor for the absence or timely management of complications such as kidney stones or bone loss. […] This care plan aims to address the management of hyperparathyroidism with a focus on maintaining calcium balance, monitoring bone health, preventing renal complications, and providing comprehensive patient education for effective disease management.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/hyperparathyroidism/

  When you have hyperparathyroidism, it’s important to have regular checkups. Tests can include: […] Treatment for hyperparathyroidism depends on how mild or severe it is. It also depends on what you and your doctor decide is right for you. […] If you have hyperparathyroidism, use these healthy tips. […] Try to keep track of the calcium and vitamin D you get from foods, drinks, and medicines. Check with your doctor about the amounts of calcium and vitamin D that are best for you. […] Try regular weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, to help your bone strength. […] Drink plenty of water. Not getting enough fluids can play a part in getting kidney stones.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14454-hyperparathyroidism

  If you have hyperparathyroidism and dont have surgery, youll need to monitor your symptoms. You might also need to make changes to what you eat or take medications or supplements. […] For some people with hyperparathyroidism and low vitamin D levels, it might make sense to take vitamin D supplements. Always ask your provider what kinds of foods, beverages and supplements you should be looking for and what you should avoid.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0115/p333.html

  Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients. […] Parathyroidectomy is the definitive treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. […] Asymptomatic patients who meet the criteria suggested by the NIH guidelines may be candidates for medical monitoring rather than surgical intervention with parathyroidectomy. […] Commitment to conscientious, long-term medical monitoring at least semiannually is essential. […] There are no clinical factors that predict the prognosis of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. […] Whenever possible, the underlying cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism should be removed.

• #2 Hyperparathyroidism: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.hyperparathyroidism-care-instructions.ut2966

  Hyperparathyroidism means that your parathyroid glands are too active. These are tiny glands in the neck. They sit behind the thyroid gland. They make a hormone that helps control how much calcium is in the blood. When these glands make too much hormone, the amount of calcium in the blood goes up. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] You will need to see your doctor regularly to check your condition. You also will have tests to check the level of calcium in your blood and to make sure your kidneys are working well. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You are confused or have trouble thinking. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You get weaker and more tired even after treatment. You feel depressed or have aches and pains. You are constipated. You have increased thirst and urination. You do not feel hungry. You do not get better as expected.

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