Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Molar pregnancy | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/pregnancy-and-childbirth/losing-a-baby/molar-pregnancy/

  A molar pregnancy cannot develop into a baby. Theres no way to correct the amount of genetic material in the fertilised egg. This means youll need to have surgery to have the pregnancy removed. […] After your surgery, youll be registered with the Hydatidiform mole follow-up centre. This centre is within Ninewells hospital in Dundee. Theyll provide follow up appointments and monitor you for signs of GTN. They do this by checking the level of hCG (a pregnancy hormone) in your blood and urine (pee). […] Its important that you do not become pregnant again before finishing follow-up treatment. A new pregnancy will cause your hCG levels to rise. This means the specialists cannot tell if youve developed GTN. […] These specialists will discuss treatment options with you. You may be offered: surgery to remove the tissue, chemotherapy. […] If you have GTN, you should not become pregnant for a year after finishing chemotherapy. This is because, in rare cases, the GTN could come back.

• #1 Management of molar pregnancy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3279094/

  Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) originates from placental tissue and is among the rare human tumors that can be cured even in the presence of widespread metastases. […] Transvaginal ultrasound, routinary dosage of beta-hCG and current approaches to chemotherapy, let most women with malignant gestational trophoblastic disease to be cured and their reproductive function preserved. […] Suction curettage is the preferred method of evacuation regardless of uterine size in patients who desire to preserve fertility. […] Total abdominal hysterectomy is a reasonable option for patients who do not wish to preserve their fertility. […] Although controversial, the use of chemoprophylaxis at the time of evacuation of high-risk complete molar pregnancy has been shown to significantly decrease the development of GTD from approximately 50% to 10-15%. A number of chemotherapy regimens are used for treating the disease, but the best seems to be the association between methotrexate, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide. […] The general understanding of the natural history and management of molar pregnancy has advanced considerably in recent years. The key-role in obtaining a high cure rate becomes an early diagnosis and the subsequent strictly follow-up.

• #1 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] Removal of the uterus. This occurs rarely if there’s increased risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and there’s no desire for future pregnancies. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-services/gynaecology/gynaecology-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-gestational-trophoblastic-disease

  Once a molar pregnancy is confirmed, the first step is to remove the cells from the womb. This is usually done surgically using a suction evacuation procedure. Medication may be used to soften the cervix (neck of the womb) prior to your operation. You will usually need a general anaesthetic for this type of operation. During the operation, the cervix is stretched slightly and a suction device is used to remove all of the abnormally formed tissue from inside your womb. […] In some unusual cases, you may be recommended to have a miscarriage induced with medication. The doctors looking after you will discuss this with you in detail if this is the case. […] After the initial treatment, all people with a molar pregnancy should be in a follow-up programme that monitors what is happening to any cells that remain in the womb and picks out those people that need further treatment.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Molar Gestation

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/diagnosis-and-management-of-molar-gestation/?categoryName=&searchTerms=&featured=False&bookmarked=False&sortColumn=date&sortDirection=Descending

  Suspected molar gestation should be managed surgically and expeditiously. […] In patients who desire uterine preservation, suction dilation and evacuation is preferred. […] Medical evacuation is discouraged because of high rates of failure and hemorrhage and increased risk of postmolar GTN. […] Hysterectomy is an appropriate alternative in patients who do not desire uterine preservation or who have risk factors for GTN, and this approach can reduce the risk of postmolar GTN by 80%. […] Uterine contents should be sent for histopathologic examination. […] The risk of postmolar GTN is greatest in the first year, and patients should undergo surveillance with serial hCG measurement using an assay that can detect all forms of this hormone. […] The Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommends checking hCG levels weekly until normalization, and then monthly for 3 months after complete moles and 1 month after partial moles. […] Reliable contraception and delaying pregnancy until after surveillance are highly recommended.

• #1 Drug treatment to remove molar pregnancy | Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-gtd/molar-pregnancy/treatment/drug-treatment-to-remove-molar-pregnancy

  After a diagnosis of molar pregnancy, the molar tissue needs removing from the womb. Some women who have a molar pregnancy have drug treatment. It makes the womb contract and remove the abnormal cells. This is called medical management or medical evacuation. […] The most common treatment for molar pregnancy is surgery. Some women might have drug treatment. […] You need to have regular follow up to make sure you have no signs of remaining molar tissue. […] Follow up means regular blood or urine tests to check the levels of a hormone called hCG in your blood and urine. If the levels stay high or they go up, you might need to have surgery or chemotherapy treatment. […] About 1 out of every 100 women (1%) with a partial molar pregnancy will need chemotherapy. […] About 13 to 16 out of every 100 women (13 to 16%) who have a complete molar pregnancy will need treatment with chemotherapy.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Pictures, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy is also known as a hydatidiform mole. Surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment for this condition. […] A molar pregnancy can’t grow into a normal, healthy pregnancy. You must have treatment to prevent complications. This can be really, really hard news to swallow after the initial joys of that positive pregnancy result. […] Your treatment may involve one or more of the following: […] With a DC, your doctor will remove the molar pregnancy by dilating the opening to your womb (cervix) and using a medical vacuum to remove the harmful tissue. […] If your molar pregnancy falls into a higher risk category due to cancer potential or because you have had difficulty getting proper care for whatever reason you may receive some chemotherapy treatment after your DC. […] A hysterectomy is surgery that removes the entire womb. If you don’t wish to get pregnant again, you might choose this option.

• #1 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy must be removed from your body or it can cause serious complications. […] People generally require surgical treatment to remove molar pregnancies. Treatment involves dilation and curettage (DC) with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from your uterus. General anesthesia is given so you dont feel pain during this surgery. […] In some cases, medication to help your uterus contract and expel the contents of your uterus is used instead of surgery. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment option for you as urgent treatment is recommended for molar pregnancies to help prevent complications. […] In very rare cases, a hysterectomy, or surgical removal of your uterus, is necessary to treat a molar pregnancy. […] Your healthcare provider will monitor your HCG levels until levels return to normal. This ensures all the molar tissue is gone. HCG levels that dont return to normal may indicate more serious complications.

• #1 Partial Molar Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12332-partial-molar-pregnancy

  Partial molar pregnancy is typically treated by removal of the embryo and placenta through a dilation and curettage (DC) procedure. […] Partial molar pregnancies require immediate medical attention. […] Your healthcare provider will treat a partial molar pregnancy by removing the fetus and placenta from your uterus. This is known as a dilation and curettage (DC). […] After this procedure, your provider may continue to measure your HCG levels for up to one year to determine if there are any remnants of the molar tissue in your uterus. […] In rare cases, molar tissue remains in your uterus after the DC procedure. This tissue is gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Your healthcare provider will need to treat GTD with chemotherapy, radiation or a hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus and/or other reproductive organs).

• #1 Treatment & beyond – The Miscarriage Association

  https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/information/molar-pregnancy/treatment-beyond/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is surgery to remove the pregnancy tissue. In most cases, that has already been done by the time the molar pregnancy has been diagnosed and no further treatment is needed. […] Some women may need further surgery if there is still tissue remaining or continuing to grow, but this is uncommon. […] About one in ten women needs additional drug treatment (chemotherapy). In some cases of invasive mole, this may need to be repeated over weeks or months. […] Drug treatment is extremely effective, both in complete and partial mole and for the very few women who develop choriocarcinoma. […] If your hCG doesn’t fall to normal or starts to rise, then your doctor will recommend further treatment. […] But if you have either, the staff at the follow-up centre will give you clear advice and guidance about further treatment. […] If you have drug treatment (chemotherapy), you’ll be advised to wait a year after treatment before trying for another pregnancy.

• #1 Chemotherapy Treatment – Practical Issues – Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblast Disease Service

  https://www.hmole-chorio.org.uk/patients_info/patients_info_chemo_treatment/

  The large majority of women who need treatment after a molar pregnancy will fall into the low risk treatment category. The most usual treatment for this is chemotherapy with Methotrexate combined with Folinic Acid. This treatment is generally well tolerated and does not cause sickness or hair loss. The treatment is given over 8 days with injections of Methotrexate given on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 alternating with a tablet of Folinic Acid (an antidote to the chemotherapy) on days 2, 4, 6 and 8. […] Generally the first week of treatment is given as an inpatient over a 7 day period with the subsequent cycles given closer to home either by your GP or local oncology centre. […] 6 weeks after leaving Charing Cross patients return for an outpatients appointment to review their progress and to get a further supply of Methotrexate injections to continue their treatment locally. […] Methotrexate chemotherapy can cause some side effects particularly producing sore eyes, sore mouth, abdominal discomfort and fatigue. Patients are given full information on the side effects of the drugs and how best to minimise the risk of suffering with any toxicity.

• #1 Treatment outcomes for 618 women with gestational trophoblastic tumours following a molar pregnancy at the Charing Cross Hospital, 2000–2009 | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2012462

  Post-molar pregnancy gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT) have been curable with chemotherapy treatment for over 50 years. […] In the setting of a formal follow-up programme, the expected cure rate for GTT after a molar pregnancy should be 100%. […] The standard first-line therapy for patients with a FIGO score of 6 or lower was the Charing Cross Hospital MTX and folinic acid (FA) regimen. […] Patients with CXR-detected pulmonary metastases received CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal MTX (12.5mg) every 2 weeks for three doses, with treatment timed to coincide shortly after one of the i.m. doses of MTX. […] For the small number of post-molar pregnancy patients scoring in the high-risk category (WHO score 6), the first-line treatment was the EMACO regimen. […] In all cases, chemotherapy treatment was continued until normalisation of serum hCG level (5IUl1) and then for an additional 6 weeks of consolidation therapy.

• #1 Molar pregnancy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175

  A molar pregnancy requires early treatment. […] Persistent GTN is usually treated with chemotherapy. Another treatment possibility is removal of the uterus, also known as hysterectomy. […] Choriocarcinoma is usually successfully treated with chemotherapy.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risks & Treatment [2023 Updated]

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/birth-defects/molar-pregnancy/

  How Is Molar Pregnancy Treated? […] Molar pregnancies are removed by suction curettage, dilation, and evacuation (D & C), or sometimes through medication. A general anesthetic is normally used during these procedures. […] Approximately 90% of women who have a mole removed require no further treatment. […] Follow-up procedures that monitor the hCG levels can occur monthly for six months or as your physician prescribes. […] Follow-up is done to ensure that the mole has been removed completely. Traces of the mole can begin to grow again and may possess a cancerous-type threat to other parts of the body. […] Women should avoid becoming pregnant for one year after diagnosis. […] Any birth control method is acceptable with the exception of an intrauterine device.

• #1 Molar pregnancy

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/molar-pregnancy/

  If you are diagnosed with a molar pregnancy you will be advised to have the abnormal tissue removed. […] There are two options: surgery, medicine. […] A suction device is used to remove the abnormal tissue from your womb. This is the most common treatment. […] Sometimes the abnormal tissue from a partial molar pregnancy is too large to be removed by surgery. In this case, you will be given medicine to induce a miscarriage. […] Treatment may include: an operation to empty your womb, a type of chemotherapy to kill the abnormal cells – this will not cause sickness or hair loss, a tablet called folinic acid. […] Over 99% of women will be completely cured after this type of treatment.

• #1 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) Treatment | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/treatment

  The chemotherapy used for the treatment of GTN is generally well tolerated without long-term side effects, with two exceptions the use of multi-agent chemotherapy is associated with an earlier menopause and a low risk of secondary tumors. […] GTD is a highly curable disease. […] Choriocarcinoma, for example, is an uncommon yet almost always curable cancer. […] About 85 to 90 percent of women with low-risk GTN are cured by the initial chemotherapy, and the remaining are cured by stronger combinations of drugs, or by surgery. […] Similarly, 85-90 percent of women who develop high-risk GTN are cured by chemotherapy used together with selective surgery and radiation. […] Three kinds of treatment can be used for GTN: Chemotherapy (using drugs to eliminate the cancer), Radiation therapy (uses high energy x-rays to eliminate cancer cells and shrink tumors), Surgery (removing the cancer).

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, Types and Risks | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/molar-pregnancy/

  During a molar pregnancy, hCG (pregnancy hormone) levels rise, but should return to normal once the person has been treated. For at least six months after the end of treatment for a molar pregnancy, hCG levels will typically be monitored through urine tests. If they do not return to normal, this could indicate GTN. […] It is important to take steps to avoid becoming pregnant for about six months after treatment, as this would interfere with the monitoring of hCG levels for signs of GTN.

• #1 Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-and-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Further treatment usually involves drugs (chemotherapy), although sometimes you may be offered a second operation to empty your uterus. […] Treatment is continued until 6 weeks after your hCG level has returned to normal. […] Surgery, such as hysterectomy (removal of your uterus), may be recommended if you have one of the much less common types of GTN. […] If you have chemotherapy for GTN, your periods will usually stop during treatment. […] If you have had chemotherapy for GTN, you are advised not to get pregnant for 12 months after your treatment is complete. […] Continuing with this specialist follow-up is important as it is very successful in treating GTD (98-100% cure rate) and there are very low rates of progression to more serious forms of GTD.

• #1 Treatment outcomes for 618 women with gestational trophoblastic tumours following a molar pregnancy at the Charing Cross Hospital, 2000–2009

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3504950/

  Following successful therapy relapse of post-mole GTT is rare, with the data in Table 6 showing an overall relapse rate of 3.3%. […] The low rate of relapse and high subsequent cure rate supports a policy of informing treated patients that they are almost certainly cured (97%), but that they should take part in a structured hCG follow-up programme because of the small (3%) chance of relapse.

• #1 Hydatidiform Mole: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254657-overview

  A hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is a gestational trophoblastic disease. Ultrasonography is used to identify both complete and partial molar pregnancies. Treatment consists of evacuation of the uterus by dilation and curettage. […] Evacuation of the uterus by dilation and curettage is always necessary. […] Because of the small but real potential for development of malignant disease and because these malignancies are absolutely curable, the importance of consistent follow-up care must be emphasized. […] Future pregnancies should undergo early sonographic evaluation because of the increased risk of recurrence of a molar gestation. […] The risk of recurrence is 1-2%. After 2 or more molar pregnancies, the risk of recurrence has been reported as 1 in 6.5 to 1 in 17.5.

• #1 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) Treatment | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/treatment

  Chemotherapy is the main treatment for GTN and is generally highly effective. […] Radiation may infrequently be used in certain cases to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, particularly the brain. […] Surgery is used for a variety of reasons in the management of GTN. […] After completing hormone follow-up for hydatidiform mole, women may try to become pregnant whenever they wish. […] Most women who require treatment for GTN can become pregnant again and have normal pregnancies.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/cancers-of-the-female-reproductive-system/molar-pregnancy

  Molar pregnancies are treated using dilation and curettage (D and C). […] If the disorder persists, chemotherapy is needed. […] A molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole) or any type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is completely removed, usually by D and C with suction. […] Tests are done to determine whether women need additional treatment after the mole is removed. […] Chemotherapy is needed if the molar pregnancy tissue persists or has spread. […] When gestational trophoblastic disease is diagnosed, doctors talk to women about their desire to be able to have children. […] Women who have had a molar pregnancy removed are advised not to become pregnant for 12 months. […] If women who have had a molar pregnancy become pregnant, doctors do ultrasonography early in the pregnancy to determine whether the pregnancy is normal.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, Types and Risks | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/molar-pregnancy/

  Treatment for a molar pregnancy usually takes the form of dilation and curettage (DC), sometimes known as surgical uterine evacuation, dilation and evacuation, surgical management of miscarriage (SMM), evacuation of retained products of conception (ERPC) or a scrape. This is a minor operation done under general anesthetic, in which the cervix, the passage leading from the uterus to the vagina, is dilated so that abnormal tissue in the uterus can be removed with suction and a spoon-like instrument (curette). There is likely to be vaginal bleeding for up to six weeks after surgery, which may be heavy at first. […] Women who have completed childbearing may have the option of hysterectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the womb. […] There is a small risk of developing gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after a molar pregnancy has been treated. GTN is a serious condition that requires rapid treatment, so all women who have had molar pregnancies should be monitored afterwards.

• #1 Advances in the diagnosis and early management of gestational trophoblastic disease | BMJ Medicine

  https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000321

  Gestational trophoblastic disease describes a group of rare pregnancy related disorders that span a spectrum of premalignant and malignant conditions. […] Most molar pregnancies resolve without treatment after uterine evacuation, but occasionally the disease persists and develops into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. […] Close monitoring of women after molar pregnancy, with regular measurement of human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations, allows for early detection of malignancy. […] Given the rarity of the disease, clinical management and treatment is best provided in specialist centres where very high cure rates are achievable. […] Obstetric management of molar pregnancy involves uterine evacuation and histopathological examination of the products of conception. […] Follow-up serum or urine hCG monitoring is done until hCG values return to within the normal range.

• #1 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risk of Occurrence, and Treatment – Business Insider

  https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-molar-pregnancy

  To treat molar pregnancy, doctors will insert a device into your cervix and scrape away the molar tissue in a procedure called dilation and curettage. […] Usually, treatment for molar pregnancy is a surgical procedure called dilation and curettage (DC). This is where doctors will insert a device through your cervix to reach your uterus and scrape the molar tissue away. […] However, in rare cases, the molar tissue can return after a DC and grow to form a type of tumor called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN.) GTN is generally treated with chemotherapy or a hysterectomy if needed. […] „Even if a woman has a molar pregnancy, this is a very treatable condition, and the chances for a future healthy pregnancy and baby are excellent,” Pollack says.

• #2 Information about molar pregnancy | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

  https://www.imperial.nhs.uk/our-services/cancer-services/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/information-about-molar-pregnancy

  Chemotherapy is continued until the hCG level reaches normal and then for a further six weeks after that to kill off any residual cells. […] Women who have had one molar pregnancy do have an increased risk of developing another molar pregnancy in their next pregnancy. However this risk is still quite low: we would estimate it at around one in 100. Of the women who have had one molar pregnancy, 98 per cent will not have a molar pregnancy next time they are pregnant.

• #2 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy must be removed from your body or it can cause serious complications. […] People generally require surgical treatment to remove molar pregnancies. Treatment involves dilation and curettage (DC) with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from your uterus. General anesthesia is given so you dont feel pain during this surgery. […] In some cases, medication to help your uterus contract and expel the contents of your uterus is used instead of surgery. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment option for you as urgent treatment is recommended for molar pregnancies to help prevent complications. […] In very rare cases, a hysterectomy, or surgical removal of your uterus, is necessary to treat a molar pregnancy. […] Your healthcare provider will monitor your HCG levels until levels return to normal. This ensures all the molar tissue is gone. HCG levels that dont return to normal may indicate more serious complications.

• #2 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq

  Gestational trophoblastic disease usually can be cured. Treatment and prognosis depend on the following: […] Treatment options also depend on whether the woman wishes to become pregnant in the future. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. […] Three types of standard treatment are used: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy. […] The doctor may remove the cancer using one of the following operations: Dilatation and curettage (DC) with suction evacuation, Hysterectomy. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.

• #2 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/what-is-molar-pregnancy

  Molar pregnancy treatments involve removing the placental tissue to prevent complications. […] Your doctor may use a procedure called dilation and curettage (DC). This is often the treatment for pregnancy loss due to any reason. During this procedure, your doctor opens your cervix with special tools and removes the tissue from your uterus. […] Sometimes, doctors use medication for this purpose. It causes the uterus to contract and expel its contents. […] If you dont want to get pregnant again, you may consider a total hysterectomy. Thats surgery to remove your uterus. […] If your blood type is Rh-negative, you’ll get a shot of the drug Rh immunoglobulin as part of your treatment for molar pregnancy. This helps prevent complications. […] After the molar tissue is removed, your doctor may do blood tests several times over the next few months to see whether your hCG levels are getting back to normal.

• #2 Molar pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/molar-pregnancy

  To check that the molar tissue is completely gone, your doctor will ask you to have weekly blood tests. These are to check your hCG level until it returns to normal. […] Once your hCG level returns to normal, you will be asked to have monthly blood tests for another 6 months to make sure all is well.

• #2 What Is a Molar Pregnancy? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/complications/what-to-know-about-molar-pregnancy/

  Most health care providers recommend waiting at least six to 12 months before getting pregnant again after a molar pregnancy to ensure that no abnormal tissue remains and decrease your chance of having another molar pregnancy. […] In some people, some tissue from the molar pregnancy remains in the uterus even after treatment. When this happens, the abnormal tissue develops into a condition called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). This occurs in about 15% to 20% of complete molar pregnancies and 1% to 5% of partial molar pregnancies. […] GTN is typically treated with chemotherapy drugs and/or surgery. Even more rarely, the molar tissue develops into choriocarcinoma, a type of cancer that may require chemotherapy and other cancer-fighting drugs.

• #2 Treatment outcomes for 618 women with gestational trophoblastic tumours following a molar pregnancy at the Charing Cross Hospital, 2000–2009

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3504950/

  In all cases, chemotherapy treatment was continued until normalisation of serum hCG level (5IUl1) and then for an additional 6 weeks of consolidation therapy. […] After completing chemotherapy, lifelong hCG follow-up was commenced and patients were defined as having had a relapse if, in the absence of a new pregnancy, hCG levels start to rise after the hCG level has been in the normal range for 6 weeks. […] The overall results of the low-risk treatment group of patients are shown in Table 3. […] The majority of patients only required treatment with low-toxicity single-agent chemotherapy, whereas 34% of patients required combination chemotherapy, and only 2 patients required a hysterectomy. […] The data in this study demonstrates in Table 3 that all 618 patients were successfully treated.

• #2 Molar Pregnancy: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-services/gynaecology/gynaecology-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-gestational-trophoblastic-disease

  The two choices of treatment are a further surgical evacuation procedure or chemotherapy treatment. The majority of patients are treated with chemotherapy as this has a much higher success rate. […] Fortunately the overall cure rate for women who need treatment after a molar pregnancy is over 99%.

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Molar Gestation

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/diagnosis-and-management-of-molar-gestation/?categoryName=&searchTerms=&featured=False&bookmarked=False&sortColumn=date&sortDirection=Descending

  Suspected molar gestation should be managed surgically and expeditiously. […] In patients who desire uterine preservation, suction dilation and evacuation is preferred. […] Medical evacuation is discouraged because of high rates of failure and hemorrhage and increased risk of postmolar GTN. […] Hysterectomy is an appropriate alternative in patients who do not desire uterine preservation or who have risk factors for GTN, and this approach can reduce the risk of postmolar GTN by 80%. […] Uterine contents should be sent for histopathologic examination. […] The risk of postmolar GTN is greatest in the first year, and patients should undergo surveillance with serial hCG measurement using an assay that can detect all forms of this hormone. […] The Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommends checking hCG levels weekly until normalization, and then monthly for 3 months after complete moles and 1 month after partial moles. […] Reliable contraception and delaying pregnancy until after surveillance are highly recommended.

• #2 Molar Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/pregnancy/hydatidiform-mole

  A molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole) is when a mass of tissue grows inside your womb (uterus) that will not develop into a baby. […] It needs to be removed and most women can expect a full recovery. […] If you have a hydatidiform mole, you will need to have it removed. This means having a small operation. This is done in hospital by a doctor who is a gynaecology specialist. You will be given an anaesthetic. […] In most cases, a small tube is passed into your womb (uterus) through the opening of your uterus (your cervix) and the abnormal tissue is removed by suction. The tissue is then sent off to the laboratory for examination under the microscope. […] Yes. Treatment is possible and is effective in almost all cases. […] Treatment involves injections of different medications (chemotherapy) such as methotrexate, etoposide and dactinomycin (actinomycin D). Treatment is continued until your hCG level has returned to normal and then for some weeks afterwards. […] Your specialist will advise you when it is safe to try for another baby if you have had a molar pregnancy or GTN. Usually you will be advised not to become pregnant until your specialist follow-up is complete, and for a year after finishing chemotherapy.

• #2 Treatment outcomes for 618 women with gestational trophoblastic tumours following a molar pregnancy at the Charing Cross Hospital, 2000–2009 | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2012462

  Following successful therapy relapse of post-mole GTT is rare, with the data in Table 6 showing an overall relapse rate of 3.3%. […] The low rate of relapse and high subsequent cure rate supports a policy of informing treated patients that they are almost certainly cured (97%), but that they should take part in a structured hCG follow-up programme because of the small (3%) chance of relapse.

• #2 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease molar pregnancy

  https://www.mylifehouse.org.au/departments/gynae-oncology-2-2/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Additional treatment involves chemotherapy. You will be given a drug or combination of drugs to destroy the remaining molar cells. Treatment is very effective and will not affect your ability to have more children. […] For patients that need treatment after the evacuation of a molar pregnancy the chemotherapy treatment usually continues for about 3 to 5 months. […] Once a patient is in remission, meaning the hCG level has returned to normal, it is most likely that you have been cured; however, there is a 1-3% chance that it may flare up again. […] For most women, a molar pregnancy does not affect your fertility. Most women go on to have normal pregnancies and healthy babies following a molar pregnancy. […] It is possible but very unlikely. The odds of a repeat molar pregnancy are about 1 in 100.

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