Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hydatidiform Mole – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459155/

  A hydatidiform mole, or molar pregnancy, is a rare abnormal pregnancy classified under gestational trophoblastic diseases that originate in the placenta and may spread to other areas. […] Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination after tissue removal. Treatment involves dilation and curettage, and hysterectomy may be an option for those not pursuing further pregnancies. Regular -hCG monitoring posttreatment is essential to detect any progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, as hydatidiform moles are considered premalignant and may lead to malignancy if left untreated. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance the learner’s competence in identifying hydatidiform moles, performing the recommended evaluation, and implementing an appropriate interprofessional approach when managing this condition.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12374

  A molar pregnancy is a mass of abnormal tissue inside your uterus. It is also called a hydatidiform mole. It causes symptoms of pregnancy. But a molar pregnancy never makes a baby. This abnormal tissue is removed to prevent problems. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Most doctors suggest waiting for 6 to 12 months before trying to get pregnant. Ask your doctor about birth control. Without birth control, you might get pregnant before your next period starts.

• #3 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, (Molar Pregnancy) (423) | Right Decisions

  https://rightdecisions.scot.nhs.uk/maternity-gynaecology-guidelines/gynaecology/gynaecology-guidelines/guidelines-a-z-all-gynaecology-guidelines/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-molar-pregnancy-423/

  This guideline is designed for use within the Early Pregnancy Assessment Service across GGC. The objective is to provide safe management for women with an actual or suspected diagnosis of molar pregnancy. […] Suction evacuation is recommended for complete and partial molar pregnancies. […] Molar pregnancy can be associated with excessive bleeding and a consultant should be present throughout the procedure. […] All women who have had a molar pregnancy enter the surveillance programme. […] It is advised that a further pregnancy is deferred until the end of the follow-up period as a new pregnancy may mask evidence of relapse. […] Advise patients that they may have vaginal bleeding for a few weeks postsurgery which should be no heavier than monthly menstruation and should gradually lessen within this time-frame. […] Two or more molar pregnancies require registration with Regional Centre, Dundee for postnatal follow up.

• #4 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb (uterus) at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). […] Molar pregnancy can be of two types: Partial molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and some fetal development. Complete molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and no fetus. […] Symptoms of a molar pregnancy may include: Abnormal growth of the uterus, either bigger or smaller than usual, Severe nausea and vomiting, Vaginal bleeding during the first 3 months of pregnancy, Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including heat intolerance, loose stools, rapid heart rate, restlessness or nervousness, warm and moist skin, trembling hands, or unexplained weight loss, Symptoms similar to preeclampsia that occur in the first trimester or early second trimester, including high blood pressure and swelling in the feet, ankles, and legs (this is almost always a sign of a hydatidiform mole, because preeclampsia is extremely rare this early in a normal pregnancy).

• #5 Molar pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy is a non-cancerous tumor that develops in the uterus at the beginning of pregnancy. […] If not treated, a molar pregnancy can be dangerous to a woman. It almost always ends in pregnancy loss. […] A molar pregnancy (also called a hydatidiform mole or HM) is a tumor (growth) that develops in the uterus (womb) at the beginning of pregnancy. […] If not treated, a molar pregnancy can lead to serious health problems. […] A molar pregnancy may seem like a healthy pregnancy at first. But call your health care provider right away if you have any of these signs or symptoms: […] If you have a molar pregnancy, your provider does a procedure called dilation and curettage (also called DC) to remove the molar tissue (tissue from the tumor) from the lining of your uterus. […] After your procedure, your provider regularly measures your hCG levels until theyre normal.

• #6 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) – Pregnancy Complications – Obstetrics for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/obstetrics-350/pregnancy-complications-498/hydatidiform-mole-molar-pregnancy_2266

  Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) is gestational trophoblastic disease. Women with this condition will experience presumptive signs of pregnancy including amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting and breast tenderness. Although a hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is not a viable pregnancy, hCG will be elevated, producing a positive pregnancy test. Inappropriate uterine growth and vaginal bleeding are also common. It is important to remember that fetal heart tones will not be heard during ultrasound examination, despite a positive pregnancy test. Dilation and curettage must be performed to remove all molar tissue from the uterus, as any remaining molar tissue may become malignant. Pregnancy is discouraged for one year after a molar pregnancy is diagnosed. During this period of time, hCG levels are closely monitored. If hCG levels remain elevated after removal of molar tissue, the patient may need to undergo a hysterectomy or receive chemotherapy.

• #7 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) – Pregnancy Complications – Obstetrics for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/obstetrics-350/pregnancy-complications-498/hydatidiform-mole-molar-pregnancy_2266

  Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) is gestational trophoblastic disease. Women with this condition will experience presumptive signs of pregnancy including amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting and breast tenderness. Although a hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is not a viable pregnancy, hCG will be elevated, producing a positive pregnancy test. Inappropriate uterine growth and vaginal bleeding are also common. It is important to remember that fetal heart tones will not be heard during ultrasound examination, despite a positive pregnancy test. Dilation and curettage must be performed to remove all molar tissue from the uterus, as any remaining molar tissue may become malignant. Pregnancy is discouraged for one year after a molar pregnancy is diagnosed. During this period of time, hCG levels are closely monitored. If hCG levels remain elevated after removal of molar tissue, the patient may need to undergo a hysterectomy or receive chemotherapy.

• #8 04.09 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/ob-04-09-hydatidiform-mole-2

  Molar pregnancy can either be complete or incomplete. A complete means there is no fetal material. Partial means there might be some fetal material but there is never a fetal heart rate. […] The molar pregnancy will almost always result in a miscarriage but there is rarely fetal material so the miscarrying is of all this extra tissue and grape like clusters. Usually a DC will need to occur to clean everything out from the uterus. It can develop into choriocarcinoma. […] On assessment there will ever be a larger then expected fundal height because of the increased and quick cell division. This is going to cause fast uterine growth. There will be no fetal heart rate detected. Patients can have a high blood pressure. There will be vaginal bleeding reported by the patient. This bleeding will be grape like clusters of bright red to dark brown bleeding. hCG levels will be rising very quickly and higher than expected.

• #9 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb (uterus) at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). […] Molar pregnancy can be of two types: Partial molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and some fetal development. Complete molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and no fetus. […] Symptoms of a molar pregnancy may include: Abnormal growth of the uterus, either bigger or smaller than usual, Severe nausea and vomiting, Vaginal bleeding during the first 3 months of pregnancy, Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including heat intolerance, loose stools, rapid heart rate, restlessness or nervousness, warm and moist skin, trembling hands, or unexplained weight loss, Symptoms similar to preeclampsia that occur in the first trimester or early second trimester, including high blood pressure and swelling in the feet, ankles, and legs (this is almost always a sign of a hydatidiform mole, because preeclampsia is extremely rare this early in a normal pregnancy).

• #10 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) – Pregnancy Complications – Obstetrics for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/obstetrics-350/pregnancy-complications-498/hydatidiform-mole-molar-pregnancy_2266

  Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) is gestational trophoblastic disease. Women with this condition will experience presumptive signs of pregnancy including amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting and breast tenderness. Although a hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is not a viable pregnancy, hCG will be elevated, producing a positive pregnancy test. Inappropriate uterine growth and vaginal bleeding are also common. It is important to remember that fetal heart tones will not be heard during ultrasound examination, despite a positive pregnancy test. Dilation and curettage must be performed to remove all molar tissue from the uterus, as any remaining molar tissue may become malignant. Pregnancy is discouraged for one year after a molar pregnancy is diagnosed. During this period of time, hCG levels are closely monitored. If hCG levels remain elevated after removal of molar tissue, the patient may need to undergo a hysterectomy or receive chemotherapy.

• #11 04.09 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/ob-04-09-hydatidiform-mole-2

  Molar pregnancy can either be complete or incomplete. A complete means there is no fetal material. Partial means there might be some fetal material but there is never a fetal heart rate. […] The molar pregnancy will almost always result in a miscarriage but there is rarely fetal material so the miscarrying is of all this extra tissue and grape like clusters. Usually a DC will need to occur to clean everything out from the uterus. It can develop into choriocarcinoma. […] On assessment there will ever be a larger then expected fundal height because of the increased and quick cell division. This is going to cause fast uterine growth. There will be no fetal heart rate detected. Patients can have a high blood pressure. There will be vaginal bleeding reported by the patient. This bleeding will be grape like clusters of bright red to dark brown bleeding. hCG levels will be rising very quickly and higher than expected.

• #12 04.09 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/ob-04-09-hydatidiform-mole-2

  Molar pregnancy can either be complete or incomplete. A complete means there is no fetal material. Partial means there might be some fetal material but there is never a fetal heart rate. […] The molar pregnancy will almost always result in a miscarriage but there is rarely fetal material so the miscarrying is of all this extra tissue and grape like clusters. Usually a DC will need to occur to clean everything out from the uterus. It can develop into choriocarcinoma. […] On assessment there will ever be a larger then expected fundal height because of the increased and quick cell division. This is going to cause fast uterine growth. There will be no fetal heart rate detected. Patients can have a high blood pressure. There will be vaginal bleeding reported by the patient. This bleeding will be grape like clusters of bright red to dark brown bleeding. hCG levels will be rising very quickly and higher than expected.

• #13 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb (uterus) at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). […] Molar pregnancy can be of two types: Partial molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and some fetal development. Complete molar pregnancy: There is an abnormal placenta and no fetus. […] Symptoms of a molar pregnancy may include: Abnormal growth of the uterus, either bigger or smaller than usual, Severe nausea and vomiting, Vaginal bleeding during the first 3 months of pregnancy, Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including heat intolerance, loose stools, rapid heart rate, restlessness or nervousness, warm and moist skin, trembling hands, or unexplained weight loss, Symptoms similar to preeclampsia that occur in the first trimester or early second trimester, including high blood pressure and swelling in the feet, ankles, and legs (this is almost always a sign of a hydatidiform mole, because preeclampsia is extremely rare this early in a normal pregnancy).

• #14 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  Educate the patient about the DC procedure, including what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. […] Emphasize the importance of follow-up care, including monitoring hCG levels to ensure that all molar tissue has been removed and to detect any potential complications. […] Provide emotional support, as the loss of a pregnancy can be distressing. […] Advocate for an ultrasound to confirm the presence of the characteristic „grape-like” clusters of a hydatidiform mole. […] Measure hCG levels, which are typically much higher than normal in cases of a molar pregnancy. […] Prepare the patient for potential treatment, such as dilation and curettage (DC), to remove the abnormal tissue. […] Provide emotional support, as the diagnosis involves the loss of a pregnancy and the need for careful follow-up to monitor for complications.

• #15 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  Educate the patient about the DC procedure, including what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. […] Emphasize the importance of follow-up care, including monitoring hCG levels to ensure that all molar tissue has been removed and to detect any potential complications. […] Provide emotional support, as the loss of a pregnancy can be distressing. […] Advocate for an ultrasound to confirm the presence of the characteristic „grape-like” clusters of a hydatidiform mole. […] Measure hCG levels, which are typically much higher than normal in cases of a molar pregnancy. […] Prepare the patient for potential treatment, such as dilation and curettage (DC), to remove the abnormal tissue. […] Provide emotional support, as the diagnosis involves the loss of a pregnancy and the need for careful follow-up to monitor for complications.

• #16 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  Educate the patient about the DC procedure, including what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. […] Emphasize the importance of follow-up care, including monitoring hCG levels to ensure that all molar tissue has been removed and to detect any potential complications. […] Provide emotional support, as the loss of a pregnancy can be distressing. […] Advocate for an ultrasound to confirm the presence of the characteristic „grape-like” clusters of a hydatidiform mole. […] Measure hCG levels, which are typically much higher than normal in cases of a molar pregnancy. […] Prepare the patient for potential treatment, such as dilation and curettage (DC), to remove the abnormal tissue. […] Provide emotional support, as the diagnosis involves the loss of a pregnancy and the need for careful follow-up to monitor for complications.

• #17 Hydatidiform Mole – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459155/

  A hydatidiform mole, or molar pregnancy, is a rare abnormal pregnancy classified under gestational trophoblastic diseases that originate in the placenta and may spread to other areas. […] Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination after tissue removal. Treatment involves dilation and curettage, and hysterectomy may be an option for those not pursuing further pregnancies. Regular -hCG monitoring posttreatment is essential to detect any progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, as hydatidiform moles are considered premalignant and may lead to malignancy if left untreated. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance the learner’s competence in identifying hydatidiform moles, performing the recommended evaluation, and implementing an appropriate interprofessional approach when managing this condition.

• #18 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) is a rare but potentially serious condition that arises from abnormal trophoblastic cell growth during pregnancy. This group of disorders encompasses molar pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, each demanding specialized nursing care to optimize patient outcomes. […] As compassionate and dedicated caregivers, nurses play a pivotal role in recognizing the early signs, providing emotional support, and coordinating multidisciplinary care for women affected by GTD. […] By equipping nursing professionals with in-depth knowledge, practical insights, and the ability to address the unique physical and emotional needs of GTD patients, we aim to enhance the quality of care and support provided throughout their challenging journey. […] Nurses must also take action during the critical stages of the pregnancy. We must be able to function on our own while waiting for any orders from the physician.

• #19 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  Communicate the assessment findings to the healthcare provider to initiate further diagnostic testing, such as an ultrasound and hCG levels. […] Prepare the patient for the possibility of treatment, which may include dilation and curettage (DC) to remove the abnormal tissue. […] Provide emotional support, as the diagnosis involves the loss of a pregnancy and can be distressing. […] Educate the patient on the importance of follow-up care to monitor hCG levels and ensure complete resolution of the molar tissue. […] Provide counseling to patients with a history of molar pregnancy about the risks and the importance of regular follow-up and early ultrasound to monitor the pregnancy. […] Advise patients over 35 about the increased risk and discuss the importance of prenatal care and early screening. […] Monitor hCG levels closely in patients with a history of molar pregnancy, as these levels can help in early detection of recurrent trophoblastic disease.

• #20 Molar pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/molar-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20375157

  A molar pregnancy requires early treatment. […] A molar pregnancy can have serious complications, including a rare form of cancer. A molar pregnancy requires early treatment. […] A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. […] If you’ve had a molar pregnancy, talk to your pregnancy care provider before trying to get pregnant again. You might want to wait six months to one year.

• #21 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #22 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. […] After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #23 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy must be removed from your body or it can cause serious complications. […] People generally require surgical treatment to remove molar pregnancies. Treatment involves dilation and curettage (DC) with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from your uterus. General anesthesia is given so you dont feel pain during this surgery. […] In some cases, medication to help your uterus contract and expel the contents of your uterus is used instead of surgery. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment option for you as urgent treatment is recommended for molar pregnancies to help prevent complications. […] Your healthcare provider will monitor your HCG levels until levels return to normal. This ensures all the molar tissue is gone. HCG levels that dont return to normal may indicate more serious complications.

• #24 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. […] After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #25 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. […] After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #26 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #27

  https://www.termedia.pl/Challenges-in-women-s-healthcare-Management-r-nof-molar-pregnancy-in-a-resource-limited-rural-r-nTanzanian-hospital-a-case-report,134,55141,1,1.html

  This case report focuses on a molar pregnancy, also known as a hydatidiform mole, which is a rare and abnormal gestational condition characterised by the development of abnormal placental tissue. […] Our report aims to provide insights into the presentation, diagnosis, and management of molar pregnancy, highlighting the challenges encountered by medical professionals in resource-limited settings in Tanzania, where local midwives, nurses, and doctors often struggle to provide care in line with global standards. […] The procedure involved mechanical dilation of the cervix, followed by sharp curettage after intravenous administration of 1 g of tranexamic acid and continuous infusion of 10 IU of oxytocin. […] Due to limited on-site resources, the surgeon improvised an instrument for suction aspiration by utilising a perforated tube from a urine catheter bag.

• #28 Hydatidiform Mole Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254657-treatment

  Intravenous oxytocin should be started after dilation of the cervix at the initiation of suctioning and continued postoperatively to reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage. […] Serial quantitative serum beta-hCG levels should be determined. […] If the serum hCG levels plateau or rise, the patient is considered to have malignant disease (ie, GTN) and metastatic disease needs to be excluded. […] Effective contraception is recommended during the period of follow-up. […] After a hydatidiform mole, the risk of developing a second mole is 1.2-1.4%. The risk increases to 20% after 2 moles. […] Evaluate all future pregnancies early with ultrasonography.

• #29

  https://www.termedia.pl/Challenges-in-women-s-healthcare-Management-r-nof-molar-pregnancy-in-a-resource-limited-rural-r-nTanzanian-hospital-a-case-report,134,55141,1,1.html

  The suction curettage itself should ideally be performed after priming with a single vaginal administration of prostaglandin E1. […] An oxytocin drip should be initiated before the surgery and continued postoperatively. […] Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory. […] For Rh-negative patients, it is necessary to administer anti-Rh D immunoglobulin after the evacuation of molar tissue to prevent serological conflict in subsequent pregnancies. […] Routine follow-up for partial mole involves weekly monitoring of serum hCG until 3 consecutive negative values are obtained. […] Effective contraception for 6 months after hCG normalisation is mandatory in all cases of molar pregnancy. […] In light of the above, meeting all the standards of care for GTD to ensure its adequate diagnosis, treatment, and control is unattainable in rural areas of Tanzania. […] Despite the difficulties, thanks to the dedication of the local midwives, nurses, and doctors, the procedure and peri-operative care were successful, and the patient was discharged home in good general and local condition, with instructions to attend a follow-up appointment in a week.

• #30

  https://www.termedia.pl/Challenges-in-women-s-healthcare-Management-r-nof-molar-pregnancy-in-a-resource-limited-rural-r-nTanzanian-hospital-a-case-report,134,55141,1,1.html

  The suction curettage itself should ideally be performed after priming with a single vaginal administration of prostaglandin E1. […] An oxytocin drip should be initiated before the surgery and continued postoperatively. […] Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory. […] For Rh-negative patients, it is necessary to administer anti-Rh D immunoglobulin after the evacuation of molar tissue to prevent serological conflict in subsequent pregnancies. […] Routine follow-up for partial mole involves weekly monitoring of serum hCG until 3 consecutive negative values are obtained. […] Effective contraception for 6 months after hCG normalisation is mandatory in all cases of molar pregnancy. […] In light of the above, meeting all the standards of care for GTD to ensure its adequate diagnosis, treatment, and control is unattainable in rural areas of Tanzania. […] Despite the difficulties, thanks to the dedication of the local midwives, nurses, and doctors, the procedure and peri-operative care were successful, and the patient was discharged home in good general and local condition, with instructions to attend a follow-up appointment in a week.

• #31 Hydatidiform Mole | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23062

  Hydatidiform moles are categorized as complete or partial and are usually noninvasive forms of GTD. […] Treatment typically involves dilation and curettage (DC), and hysterectomy may be considered for patients not desiring future pregnancies. Posttreatment, regular -hCG monitoring is essential to detect potential progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). […] The initial treatment of a hydatidiform mole in patients who wish to preserve fertility is dilatation and curettage. […] Hysterectomy is an alternative to uterine evacuation if childbearing is complete. […] Prophylactic administration of either methotrexate or actinomycin-D at the time of or immediately following molar evacuation is associated with a reduction in the incidence of postmolar GTN to 3% to 8%. […] Follow-up -hCG monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks is essential for early diagnosis and management of postmolar GTN. […] An interprofessional team approach is critical for managing a molar pregnancy, enhancing patient-centered care, safety, and outcomes through coordinated skills, strategies, and responsibilities.

• #32 Diagnosis and Management of Molar Gestation

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/diagnosis-and-management-of-molar-gestation/?categoryName=&searchTerms=&featured=False&bookmarked=False&sortColumn=date&sortDirection=Descending

  Suspected molar gestation should be managed surgically and expeditiously. […] In patients who desire uterine preservation, suction dilation and evacuation is preferred. These patients are at increased risk of hemorrhage, and uterotonics and blood products should be available. […] Hysterectomy is an appropriate alternative in patients who do not desire uterine preservation or who have risk factors for GTN, and this approach can reduce the risk of postmolar GTN by 80%. […] Uterine contents should be sent for histopathologic examination. […] Reliable contraception and delaying pregnancy until after surveillance are highly recommended.

• #33 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy must be removed from your body or it can cause serious complications. […] People generally require surgical treatment to remove molar pregnancies. Treatment involves dilation and curettage (DC) with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from your uterus. General anesthesia is given so you dont feel pain during this surgery. […] In some cases, medication to help your uterus contract and expel the contents of your uterus is used instead of surgery. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment option for you as urgent treatment is recommended for molar pregnancies to help prevent complications. […] Your healthcare provider will monitor your HCG levels until levels return to normal. This ensures all the molar tissue is gone. HCG levels that dont return to normal may indicate more serious complications.

• #34 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  A molar pregnancy must be removed from your body or it can cause serious complications. […] People generally require surgical treatment to remove molar pregnancies. Treatment involves dilation and curettage (DC) with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from your uterus. General anesthesia is given so you dont feel pain during this surgery. […] In some cases, medication to help your uterus contract and expel the contents of your uterus is used instead of surgery. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment option for you as urgent treatment is recommended for molar pregnancies to help prevent complications. […] Your healthcare provider will monitor your HCG levels until levels return to normal. This ensures all the molar tissue is gone. HCG levels that dont return to normal may indicate more serious complications.

• #35 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease molar pregnancy

  https://www.mylifehouse.org.au/departments/gynae-oncology-2-2/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  In about 10% of patients who have had a complete molar pregnancy and 1% of patients with partial molar pregnancies, extra treatment is needed. […] Additional treatment involves chemotherapy. You will be given a drug or combination of drugs to destroy the remaining molar cells. Treatment is very effective and will not affect your ability to have more children. […] The majority of patients who need treatment after a documented molar pregnancy fall into the low risk treatment group and will receive treatment with a combination of drugs called methotrexate and folinic acid. […] For most women, a molar pregnancy does not affect your fertility. Most women go on to have normal pregnancies and healthy babies following a molar pregnancy. […] The experience of a hydatidiform mole can be very distressing. This may mean a period of anxiety or may make you feel that you are in limbo as you cannot move on after the pregnancy and have to delay trying again.

• #36 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease molar pregnancy

  https://www.mylifehouse.org.au/departments/gynae-oncology-2-2/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  In about 10% of patients who have had a complete molar pregnancy and 1% of patients with partial molar pregnancies, extra treatment is needed. […] Additional treatment involves chemotherapy. You will be given a drug or combination of drugs to destroy the remaining molar cells. Treatment is very effective and will not affect your ability to have more children. […] The majority of patients who need treatment after a documented molar pregnancy fall into the low risk treatment group and will receive treatment with a combination of drugs called methotrexate and folinic acid. […] For most women, a molar pregnancy does not affect your fertility. Most women go on to have normal pregnancies and healthy babies following a molar pregnancy. […] The experience of a hydatidiform mole can be very distressing. This may mean a period of anxiety or may make you feel that you are in limbo as you cannot move on after the pregnancy and have to delay trying again.

• #37 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease molar pregnancy

  https://www.mylifehouse.org.au/departments/gynae-oncology-2-2/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  In about 10% of patients who have had a complete molar pregnancy and 1% of patients with partial molar pregnancies, extra treatment is needed. […] Additional treatment involves chemotherapy. You will be given a drug or combination of drugs to destroy the remaining molar cells. Treatment is very effective and will not affect your ability to have more children. […] The majority of patients who need treatment after a documented molar pregnancy fall into the low risk treatment group and will receive treatment with a combination of drugs called methotrexate and folinic acid. […] For most women, a molar pregnancy does not affect your fertility. Most women go on to have normal pregnancies and healthy babies following a molar pregnancy. […] The experience of a hydatidiform mole can be very distressing. This may mean a period of anxiety or may make you feel that you are in limbo as you cannot move on after the pregnancy and have to delay trying again.

• #38 Hydatidiform Mole | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23062

  Hydatidiform moles are categorized as complete or partial and are usually noninvasive forms of GTD. […] Treatment typically involves dilation and curettage (DC), and hysterectomy may be considered for patients not desiring future pregnancies. Posttreatment, regular -hCG monitoring is essential to detect potential progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). […] The initial treatment of a hydatidiform mole in patients who wish to preserve fertility is dilatation and curettage. […] Hysterectomy is an alternative to uterine evacuation if childbearing is complete. […] Prophylactic administration of either methotrexate or actinomycin-D at the time of or immediately following molar evacuation is associated with a reduction in the incidence of postmolar GTN to 3% to 8%. […] Follow-up -hCG monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks is essential for early diagnosis and management of postmolar GTN. […] An interprofessional team approach is critical for managing a molar pregnancy, enhancing patient-centered care, safety, and outcomes through coordinated skills, strategies, and responsibilities.

• #39 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. […] After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #40 Follow up after molar pregnancy | Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) | Cancer research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-gtd/molar-pregnancy/treatment/follow-up

  After surgery or drug treatment for molar pregnancy you have regular follow up appointments and tests. […] You might not have to go to the specialist centre, but they will be in charge of your care. […] You have urine tests or blood tests (or both) every 2 weeks to check your level of hCG. […] The specialist hospital gives you a kit to collect your urine samples at home and you send the samples to them. […] If the type of molar pregnancy wasnt confirmed by the hospital laboratory, you will have follow up for a complete molar pregnancy. […] Once your hCG level is normal you give a final blood or urine sample 4 weeks later. […] If your hCG level is normal within 8 weeks, you have follow up for 6 months after your treatment. […] If your hCG levels take more than 8 weeks to come down, you continue with follow up until 6 months after your first normal hCG level.

• #41 Hydatidiform Mole | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23062

  Hydatidiform moles are categorized as complete or partial and are usually noninvasive forms of GTD. […] Treatment typically involves dilation and curettage (DC), and hysterectomy may be considered for patients not desiring future pregnancies. Posttreatment, regular -hCG monitoring is essential to detect potential progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). […] The initial treatment of a hydatidiform mole in patients who wish to preserve fertility is dilatation and curettage. […] Hysterectomy is an alternative to uterine evacuation if childbearing is complete. […] Prophylactic administration of either methotrexate or actinomycin-D at the time of or immediately following molar evacuation is associated with a reduction in the incidence of postmolar GTN to 3% to 8%. […] Follow-up -hCG monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks is essential for early diagnosis and management of postmolar GTN. […] An interprofessional team approach is critical for managing a molar pregnancy, enhancing patient-centered care, safety, and outcomes through coordinated skills, strategies, and responsibilities.

• #42 Information about molar pregnancy | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

  https://www.imperial.nhs.uk/our-services/cancer-services/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/information-about-molar-pregnancy

  If the hCG level returns to normal within 56 days of the evacuation, then the monitoring continues for a total of six months from the day of the evacuation. […] In most patients no further treatment is needed after the evacuation and the monitoring centre watches the hCG level fall back to normal and stay there. […] The decision to start treatment is generally made on the pattern of the hCG levels following the evacuation. […] Chemotherapy is drug treatment which is used to kill the trophoblastic cells that are still trying to grow. […] The most usual treatment for this is chemotherapy with Methotrexate combined with folinic acid. […] While we generally do not do a further biopsy to prove it, if measuring samples indicates that the hCG level is rising and we decide to start treatment, we would regard you as having persistent trophoblastic disease, or choriocarcinoma, a very rare form of cancer. […] Women who have had one molar pregnancy do have an increased risk of developing another molar pregnancy in their next pregnancy. However this risk is still quite low: we would estimate it at around one in 100.

• #43 Follow up after molar pregnancy | Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) | Cancer research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-gtd/molar-pregnancy/treatment/follow-up

  After surgery or drug treatment for molar pregnancy you have regular follow up appointments and tests. […] You might not have to go to the specialist centre, but they will be in charge of your care. […] You have urine tests or blood tests (or both) every 2 weeks to check your level of hCG. […] The specialist hospital gives you a kit to collect your urine samples at home and you send the samples to them. […] If the type of molar pregnancy wasnt confirmed by the hospital laboratory, you will have follow up for a complete molar pregnancy. […] Once your hCG level is normal you give a final blood or urine sample 4 weeks later. […] If your hCG level is normal within 8 weeks, you have follow up for 6 months after your treatment. […] If your hCG levels take more than 8 weeks to come down, you continue with follow up until 6 months after your first normal hCG level.

• #44 Molar pregnancy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375180

  A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: […] Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. You lie on a table on your back with your legs in stirrups. You receive medicine to numb you or put you to sleep. […] After opening the cervix, the provider removes uterine tissue with a suction device. A DC for a molar pregnancy usually is done in a hospital or surgery center. […] HCG monitoring. After the molar tissue is removed, a provider keeps measuring the HCG level until it goes down. A continuing high level of HCG in the blood might require more treatment. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. For people with GTN, HCG levels are checked for one year after chemotherapy is completed. […] Because pregnancy HCG levels also increase during a regular pregnancy, a provider might recommend waiting 6 to 12 months before trying to become pregnant again. The provider can recommend a reliable form of birth control during this time.

• #45 Hydatidiform Mole Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254657-treatment

  Intravenous oxytocin should be started after dilation of the cervix at the initiation of suctioning and continued postoperatively to reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage. […] Serial quantitative serum beta-hCG levels should be determined. […] If the serum hCG levels plateau or rise, the patient is considered to have malignant disease (ie, GTN) and metastatic disease needs to be excluded. […] Effective contraception is recommended during the period of follow-up. […] After a hydatidiform mole, the risk of developing a second mole is 1.2-1.4%. The risk increases to 20% after 2 moles. […] Evaluate all future pregnancies early with ultrasonography.

• #46 Miscarriage, Hydatidiform Mole, Ectopic Pregnancy – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/maternity-nursing/pregnancy-7-complications-miscarriage-hydatidiform-mole-ectopic?srsltid=AfmBOopY1t1a2qrKLW_uHUWYPAvwgD-zr8GzORrKoFU2yyWEzacvnjbQ

  Hydatidiform mole or molar pregnancy is a very rare but serious complication, characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblastic villi in the placenta, which prevents normal embryo maturity. […] The treatment for a molar pregnancy is surgical uterine evacuation (DC). This pregnancy is irremediably abnormal, and it needs to be removed from the uterus entirely. […] Additionally, following surgery, the patient requires hCG monitoring to ensure that their hCG levels return to zero, that is, back down to normal. […] hCG monitoring must continue for six months following the DC. […] The patient must also avoid pregnancy for one whole year. This is because the combination of a pregnancy and high hCG levels makes it difficult to monitor for a choriocarcinoma (which also causes an increase in hCG). A patient who has experienced a molar pregnancy will be at risk for developing a choriocarcinoma, which is why it is so important to monitor hCG levels (and why it is important not to experience a pregnancy, as this will make it harder to monitor for those hCG levels).

• #47 Molar pregnancy | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/molar-pregnancy

  It is important to strictly avoid pregnancy until your hCG level has returned to normal, because a normal pregnancy will produce hCG and make the monitoring blood tests ineffective. […] Six weeks after the birth of your baby, it is recommended to have a hCG blood test to ensure it has dropped and that you have not developed further molar disease, which would be very rare.

• #48 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  If your provider suspects a molar pregnancy, removal of the abnormal tissue with a dilation and curettage (D&C) will most likely be suggested. D&C may also be done using suction. This is called suction aspiration (The method uses a suction cup to remove contents from the uterus). […] After treatment, your hCG level will be followed. It is important to avoid another pregnancy and to use a reliable contraceptive for 6 to 12 months after treatment for a molar pregnancy. This time allows for accurate testing to be sure that the abnormal tissue does not grow back. Women who get pregnant too soon after a molar pregnancy are at high risk of having another molar pregnancy. […] Most HMs are noncancerous (benign). Treatment is usually successful. Close follow-up by your provider is important to ensure that signs of the molar pregnancy are gone and pregnancy hormone levels return to normal. […] Complications of molar pregnancy may include: Change to invasive molar disease or choriocarcinoma, Preeclampsia, Thyroid problems, Molar pregnancy that continues or comes back.

• #49 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  If your provider suspects a molar pregnancy, removal of the abnormal tissue with a dilation and curettage (D&C) will most likely be suggested. D&C may also be done using suction. This is called suction aspiration (The method uses a suction cup to remove contents from the uterus). […] After treatment, your hCG level will be followed. It is important to avoid another pregnancy and to use a reliable contraceptive for 6 to 12 months after treatment for a molar pregnancy. This time allows for accurate testing to be sure that the abnormal tissue does not grow back. Women who get pregnant too soon after a molar pregnancy are at high risk of having another molar pregnancy. […] Most HMs are noncancerous (benign). Treatment is usually successful. Close follow-up by your provider is important to ensure that signs of the molar pregnancy are gone and pregnancy hormone levels return to normal. […] Complications of molar pregnancy may include: Change to invasive molar disease or choriocarcinoma, Preeclampsia, Thyroid problems, Molar pregnancy that continues or comes back.

• #50 Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-and-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Continuing with this specialist follow-up is important as it is very successful in treating GTD (98100% cure rate) and there are very low rates of progression to more serious forms of GTD. […] Having a molar pregnancy does not affect your chance of having another baby. However, after a molar pregnancy you should avoid pregnancy until your follow-up programme is complete. […] If you have chemotherapy for GTN, your periods will usually stop during treatment. […] Most methods of contraception are safe to use after treatment for GTD. […] The risk of a molar pregnancy happening again is low. For 99 out of 100 women their next pregnancy will not be a molar pregnancy. […] You should be offered information and support about your diagnosis and throughout your treatment.

• #51 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  1. Ensure physical well being of the client through accurate assessment and interventions. […] Prepare for suction curettage evacuation of the uterus (induction of labor with oxytocic agents or prostaglandins is not recommended because of the increased risk of hemorrhage). […] Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed. […] Provide client and family teaching. […] Ensure appropriate follow-up and self-care by explaining that frequent possibility of recurrence of the problem or progression to choriocarcinoma. Also explain that hCG levels should be monitored for 1 year. […] Discuss the need to prevent pregnancy for at least 1 year after diagnosis and treatment. […] Inform the client that oral birth control agents are not recommended because they suppress pituitary luteinizing hormone, which may interfere with serum hCG measurement.

• #52 Nursing Care Plan For Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  The nursing care plan for gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a vital component in providing comprehensive and individualized care for women facing this uncommon but potentially serious condition. […] The plan focuses on early detection, accurate diagnosis, close monitoring of signs and symptoms, prompt intervention, and provision of emotional support throughout the patients journey. […] Collaboration between the healthcare team, including obstetricians, oncologists, nurses, and other allied professionals, is paramount in delivering comprehensive care and ensuring a multidisciplinary approach. […] This nursing assessment for gestational trophoblastic disease focuses on early detection, accurate diagnosis, and ongoing monitoring to ensure timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.

• #53 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #54 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #55 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #56 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #57 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #58 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  1. Ensure physical well being of the client through accurate assessment and interventions. […] Prepare for suction curettage evacuation of the uterus (induction of labor with oxytocic agents or prostaglandins is not recommended because of the increased risk of hemorrhage). […] Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed. […] Provide client and family teaching. […] Ensure appropriate follow-up and self-care by explaining that frequent possibility of recurrence of the problem or progression to choriocarcinoma. Also explain that hCG levels should be monitored for 1 year. […] Discuss the need to prevent pregnancy for at least 1 year after diagnosis and treatment. […] Inform the client that oral birth control agents are not recommended because they suppress pituitary luteinizing hormone, which may interfere with serum hCG measurement.

• #59 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  1. Ensure physical well being of the client through accurate assessment and interventions. […] Prepare for suction curettage evacuation of the uterus (induction of labor with oxytocic agents or prostaglandins is not recommended because of the increased risk of hemorrhage). […] Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed. […] Provide client and family teaching. […] Ensure appropriate follow-up and self-care by explaining that frequent possibility of recurrence of the problem or progression to choriocarcinoma. Also explain that hCG levels should be monitored for 1 year. […] Discuss the need to prevent pregnancy for at least 1 year after diagnosis and treatment. […] Inform the client that oral birth control agents are not recommended because they suppress pituitary luteinizing hormone, which may interfere with serum hCG measurement.

• #60 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  1. Ensure physical well being of the client through accurate assessment and interventions. […] Prepare for suction curettage evacuation of the uterus (induction of labor with oxytocic agents or prostaglandins is not recommended because of the increased risk of hemorrhage). […] Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed. […] Provide client and family teaching. […] Ensure appropriate follow-up and self-care by explaining that frequent possibility of recurrence of the problem or progression to choriocarcinoma. Also explain that hCG levels should be monitored for 1 year. […] Discuss the need to prevent pregnancy for at least 1 year after diagnosis and treatment. […] Inform the client that oral birth control agents are not recommended because they suppress pituitary luteinizing hormone, which may interfere with serum hCG measurement.

• #61 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #62 04.09 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/ob-04-09-hydatidiform-mole-2?view_quiz=open&from_search=

  Mole = clump of growing tissue. […] Pregnancy is nonviable and it can turn into a malignancy, therefore it must be removed. […] Oxytocin is given to contract uterus after mole is removed. […] Monitor for hemorrhage and infection. […] Sending to lab for pathology is ESSENTIAL to see if there are any signs of malignancy. […] Watch hCG levels. […] Educate on methotrexate use. […] Educate on the need for contraception. […] Contraception must be used for at least one year.

• #63 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #64 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #65 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #66 Caring for Patients with Molar Pregnancy – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/molar-pregnancy/

  The main treatment for molar pregnancy is evacuation of uterine contents. This can be done as an outpatient procedure or under anesthesia. The procedure involves dilation of the cervix, suction aspiration and sharp curettage to ensure all the abnormal tissue is removed. […] Key teaching for a patient who has had a molar pregnancy includes: […] Teach the patient the importance of follow-up hCG measurements and that they are necessary to evaluate if the molar pregnancy has progressed to GTN. […] Ensure the patient understands to use a reliable method of birth control while undergoing serial hCG testing since a pregnancy makes it impossible to properly interpret the hCG levels. […] Teach the patient to notify their physician if they experience fever, persistent or increasing pain, or foul-smelling discharge (essentially signs of infection).

• #67 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform mole) – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/maternal-and-child-nursing-notes/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-hydatidiform-mole/

  Describe and emphasize signs and symptoms that must be reported (i.e., irregular vaginal bleeding, persistent secretion from the breast, hemoptysis, and severe persistent headaches). These symptoms may indicate spread of the disease to other organs. […] Address emotional and psychosocial needs. […] Educate the patient on the importance of follow-up care and monitoring of hCG levels after treatment to ensure all abnormal tissue has been removed. […] Discuss the potential need for repeat ultrasounds and other diagnostic tests to monitor for any signs of persistent or invasive disease. […] Provide emotional support and resources to help the patient cope with the diagnosis and the loss of the pregnancy. […] Advise the patient on the importance of delaying future pregnancies until cleared by her healthcare provider, typically after hCG levels have normalized and remained stable.

• #68 04.09 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/ob-04-09-hydatidiform-mole-2

  The mole must be sent to pathology because we need to make sure it has not become malignant which is called trophoblastic disease. Oxytocin will also be given to contract the uterus after mole is removed. Methotrexate is medication that will be given IM to inhibit the rapid cellular division. hCG levels will be monitored until pre-pregnancy levels are reached and sometimes even for 6 months to a year. […] A huge piece of our management of this patient is to make sure there is no pregnancy during this time. Contraception must be used for at least one year. […] We need to offer explanation on why it is not viable and what is happening. This is a confusing thing. Its rare so a lot of patients havent heard of it. It is different then a regular miscarriage so we want them to really understand. We also need to educate on methotrexate use. How often they need it and that it is an IM injection. The biggest education item is contraception. We need to educate on the need for contraception and to avoid pregnancy for a year so that the molar pregnancy can be completely resolved. […] Lab values are another concept because we are monitoring hCG levels. Reproduction is another concept because this has occured because of a problem with reproduction.

• #69 Discharge Instructions for Hydatidiform Mole | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-hydatidiform-mole

  You have been diagnosed with a hydatidiform mole (also called molar pregnancy). A hydatidiform mole is the overgrowth of tissue around a fertilized egg. The mole could become cancer. So, it’s important to have correct treatment as soon as possible. […] You and your healthcare provider have decided on dilatation and curettage (DC) to remove the mole. This procedure will remove the abnormal tissue. […] Don’t have sex or use tampons or douches until you see your healthcare provider for a follow-up appointment. Don’t get pregnant for a year after the molar pregnancy. It’s important that you choose a birth control method. […] Make a follow-up appointment as directed by your healthcare provider. […] Your provider may order follow-up blood tests. This is to make sure that all of the molar pregnancy has been removed and has not become cancer. […] Follow-up blood tests will be done at regular intervals for a year or more after a molar pregnancy.

• #70 Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) – Pregnancy Complications – Obstetrics for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/obstetrics-350/pregnancy-complications-498/hydatidiform-mole-molar-pregnancy_2266

  Women must undergo a dilation and curettage (DC) to ensure complete removal of all molar tissue from inside the uterus. Molar tissue that is not removed from the uterus may become malignant. […] Providing emotional support to a woman, and her partner (if applicable), is an essential component of patient care. Women and/or couples may experience grief or emotional distress upon learning that the pregnancy is not viable. […] Pregnancy is discouraged for one year after a molar pregnancy is diagnosed. During this period of time, hCG levels are closely monitored. […] If hCG levels remain elevated after removal of molar tissue, the patient may need to undergo a hysterectomy or receive chemotherapy.

• #71 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #72 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Honestly answer the patients questions to foster a trusting relationship between nurse and client. […] Provide an assurance that it is not her own fault that this happened to her to lessen her sense of guilt and self-blame. […] Patient must be able to express her feelings effectively. […] Patient must acknowledge the situation and seek for appropriate help. […] Patient must learn to look forward for the future step by step.

• #73 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Honestly answer the patients questions to foster a trusting relationship between nurse and client. […] Provide an assurance that it is not her own fault that this happened to her to lessen her sense of guilt and self-blame. […] Patient must be able to express her feelings effectively. […] Patient must acknowledge the situation and seek for appropriate help. […] Patient must learn to look forward for the future step by step.

• #74 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Honestly answer the patients questions to foster a trusting relationship between nurse and client. […] Provide an assurance that it is not her own fault that this happened to her to lessen her sense of guilt and self-blame. […] Patient must be able to express her feelings effectively. […] Patient must acknowledge the situation and seek for appropriate help. […] Patient must learn to look forward for the future step by step.

• #75 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Honestly answer the patients questions to foster a trusting relationship between nurse and client. […] Provide an assurance that it is not her own fault that this happened to her to lessen her sense of guilt and self-blame. […] Patient must be able to express her feelings effectively. […] Patient must acknowledge the situation and seek for appropriate help. […] Patient must learn to look forward for the future step by step.

• #76 Follow up after molar pregnancy | Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) | Cancer research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-gtd/molar-pregnancy/treatment/follow-up

  If your hCG levels don’t go down you need treatment with chemotherapy. […] After a molar pregnancy it is important not to get pregnant again until your doctors say it is safe for you to try. […] You might be asked to contact your specialist hospital at the end of any future pregnancy. […] Many people find it helpful to have counselling during and after their treatment. […] The most common treatment for molar pregnancy is surgery. Some women might have drug treatment.

• #77 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Nursing Care & Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Assess the abdominal girth of the pregnant woman to check if it is within the usual landmark of pregnancy. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension, because for a woman with H-mole, they occur earlier than the 20th week of pregnancy. […] Instruct the woman to save all perineal pads containing any clots or tissue that has passed out of her during bleeding. […] Grieving related to loss of pregnancy as evidenced by anger and social detachment. […] Measure abdominal girth and fundal height to establish baseline data regarding the growth of the uterus. […] Assist patient in obtaining a urine specimen for urine test of hCg. […] Save all pads used by the woman during bleeding to check for clots and tissues she may have discharged. […] Provide your patient with an open environment and a trusting relationship so she would be encouraged to express her feelings.

• #78 Hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm

  If your provider suspects a molar pregnancy, removal of the abnormal tissue with a dilation and curettage (D&C) will most likely be suggested. D&C may also be done using suction. This is called suction aspiration (The method uses a suction cup to remove contents from the uterus). […] After treatment, your hCG level will be followed. It is important to avoid another pregnancy and to use a reliable contraceptive for 6 to 12 months after treatment for a molar pregnancy. This time allows for accurate testing to be sure that the abnormal tissue does not grow back. Women who get pregnant too soon after a molar pregnancy are at high risk of having another molar pregnancy. […] Most HMs are noncancerous (benign). Treatment is usually successful. Close follow-up by your provider is important to ensure that signs of the molar pregnancy are gone and pregnancy hormone levels return to normal. […] Complications of molar pregnancy may include: Change to invasive molar disease or choriocarcinoma, Preeclampsia, Thyroid problems, Molar pregnancy that continues or comes back.

• #79 Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-and-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Continuing with this specialist follow-up is important as it is very successful in treating GTD (98100% cure rate) and there are very low rates of progression to more serious forms of GTD. […] Having a molar pregnancy does not affect your chance of having another baby. However, after a molar pregnancy you should avoid pregnancy until your follow-up programme is complete. […] If you have chemotherapy for GTN, your periods will usually stop during treatment. […] Most methods of contraception are safe to use after treatment for GTD. […] The risk of a molar pregnancy happening again is low. For 99 out of 100 women their next pregnancy will not be a molar pregnancy. […] You should be offered information and support about your diagnosis and throughout your treatment.

• #80 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease molar pregnancy

  https://www.mylifehouse.org.au/departments/gynae-oncology-2-2/gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  In about 10% of patients who have had a complete molar pregnancy and 1% of patients with partial molar pregnancies, extra treatment is needed. […] Additional treatment involves chemotherapy. You will be given a drug or combination of drugs to destroy the remaining molar cells. Treatment is very effective and will not affect your ability to have more children. […] The majority of patients who need treatment after a documented molar pregnancy fall into the low risk treatment group and will receive treatment with a combination of drugs called methotrexate and folinic acid. […] For most women, a molar pregnancy does not affect your fertility. Most women go on to have normal pregnancies and healthy babies following a molar pregnancy. […] The experience of a hydatidiform mole can be very distressing. This may mean a period of anxiety or may make you feel that you are in limbo as you cannot move on after the pregnancy and have to delay trying again.

• #81 Molar pregnancy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/molar-pregnancy?content_id=CON-20375157

  A molar pregnancy requires early treatment. […] A molar pregnancy can have serious complications, including a rare form of cancer. A molar pregnancy requires early treatment. […] A molar pregnancy can’t be allowed to continue. To prevent complications, the affected placental tissue must be removed. Treatment usually consists of one or more of the following steps: Dilation and curettage (DC). This procedure removes the molar tissue from the uterus. […] After treatment for the molar pregnancy is complete, a provider might check HCG levels for six months to make sure no molar tissue is left. […] If you’ve had a molar pregnancy, talk to your pregnancy care provider before trying to get pregnant again. You might want to wait six months to one year.

• #82 Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/molar-pregnancy-and-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Continuing with this specialist follow-up is important as it is very successful in treating GTD (98100% cure rate) and there are very low rates of progression to more serious forms of GTD. […] Having a molar pregnancy does not affect your chance of having another baby. However, after a molar pregnancy you should avoid pregnancy until your follow-up programme is complete. […] If you have chemotherapy for GTN, your periods will usually stop during treatment. […] Most methods of contraception are safe to use after treatment for GTD. […] The risk of a molar pregnancy happening again is low. For 99 out of 100 women their next pregnancy will not be a molar pregnancy. […] You should be offered information and support about your diagnosis and throughout your treatment.

• #83 Hydatidiform Mole Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254657-treatment

  Intravenous oxytocin should be started after dilation of the cervix at the initiation of suctioning and continued postoperatively to reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage. […] Serial quantitative serum beta-hCG levels should be determined. […] If the serum hCG levels plateau or rise, the patient is considered to have malignant disease (ie, GTN) and metastatic disease needs to be excluded. […] Effective contraception is recommended during the period of follow-up. […] After a hydatidiform mole, the risk of developing a second mole is 1.2-1.4%. The risk increases to 20% after 2 moles. […] Evaluate all future pregnancies early with ultrasonography.

• #84 Hydatidiform Mole Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254657-treatment

  Intravenous oxytocin should be started after dilation of the cervix at the initiation of suctioning and continued postoperatively to reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage. […] Serial quantitative serum beta-hCG levels should be determined. […] If the serum hCG levels plateau or rise, the patient is considered to have malignant disease (ie, GTN) and metastatic disease needs to be excluded. […] Effective contraception is recommended during the period of follow-up. […] After a hydatidiform mole, the risk of developing a second mole is 1.2-1.4%. The risk increases to 20% after 2 moles. […] Evaluate all future pregnancies early with ultrasonography.

• #85 Molar pregnancy | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/molar-pregnancy

  It is important to strictly avoid pregnancy until your hCG level has returned to normal, because a normal pregnancy will produce hCG and make the monitoring blood tests ineffective. […] Six weeks after the birth of your baby, it is recommended to have a hCG blood test to ensure it has dropped and that you have not developed further molar disease, which would be very rare.

• #86 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #87 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #88 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #89 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #90 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #91 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #92 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #93 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #94 Molar Pregnancy: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy

  Occasionally, parts of the molar pregnancy remain in your uterus after surgical treatment or miscarriage. […] If this happens, abnormal cells may grow into the muscle layer around your uterus (also called an invasive mole). This is rare and happens in less than 15% of people whove had a molar pregnancy removed. […] In very rare cases, molar pregnancy causes a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma forms within your uterus and may spread to other parts of your body and requires cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation. […] Other potential complications of a molar pregnancy include: Infection of the blood (sepsis). […] Uterine infection. […] Preeclampsia (very high blood pressure). […] Shock (very low blood pressure). […] If youre pregnant and experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, or passing grape-like cysts from your vagina, contact your pregnancy care provider immediately. Prompt evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications.

• #95 Hydatidiform Mole | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23062

  Hydatidiform moles are categorized as complete or partial and are usually noninvasive forms of GTD. […] Treatment typically involves dilation and curettage (DC), and hysterectomy may be considered for patients not desiring future pregnancies. Posttreatment, regular -hCG monitoring is essential to detect potential progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). […] The initial treatment of a hydatidiform mole in patients who wish to preserve fertility is dilatation and curettage. […] Hysterectomy is an alternative to uterine evacuation if childbearing is complete. […] Prophylactic administration of either methotrexate or actinomycin-D at the time of or immediately following molar evacuation is associated with a reduction in the incidence of postmolar GTN to 3% to 8%. […] Follow-up -hCG monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks is essential for early diagnosis and management of postmolar GTN. […] An interprofessional team approach is critical for managing a molar pregnancy, enhancing patient-centered care, safety, and outcomes through coordinated skills, strategies, and responsibilities.

• #96 Molar Pregnancy and Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia – Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/molar-pregnancy-and-gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia/

  Molar Pregnancy and Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia are two uncommon conditions where a pregnancy does not develop normally. Together they are called Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. […] A molar pregnancy is when a pregnancy is developing abnormally. It is sometimes called a hydatidiform mole. It occurs in less than 1 in 700 pregnancies. […] You will be offered treatment if you have a definite or suspected molar pregnancy. […] There are two ways to treat a molar pregnancy. Your doctor will discuss them with you and may recommend one over the other. These options include: Medical management, Surgical management. […] This is the preferred choice of treatment in most molar pregnancies. If your doctor suspects that you have a complete molar pregnancy you will be offered surgery. […] Medical treatment is not an option if you have a suspected complete molar pregnancy. You may be offered medical management if you have a partial molar pregnancy.

• #97 Nursing practice in gestational trophoblastic disease | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nursing-practice-in-gestational-trophoblastic-disease-05-10-2000/

  Once the diagnosis has been confirmed on histology, the patient needs to be registered for follow-up to determine whether or not the molar tissue is going to die out spontaneously or persist. […] At Charing Cross Hospital, a prognostic scoring system is used to subdivide the patients into low and high risk. They then receive the appropriate chemotherapy regimen. […] Serial serum HCG estimations are used to follow the disease’s response to therapy. The HCG should fall to normal. […] On completion of chemotherapy, patients need to be followed-up regularly for life with HCG estimations to confirm that their disease is in remission. […] It is vital that nurses who care for these patients have knowledge of the disease. It is important to emphasise that despite the short-term difficulties, the long-term outlook is excellent. […] At the end of treatment, these women will need encouragement to re-establish their normal lifestyle and relationships with their families.

• #98 Nursing Care Plan For Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Nursing interventions should be tailored to the individual patients needs, considering the type and stage of GTD, to provide holistic care and support during the GTD journey. […] These nursing diagnosis for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease address the physical, psychological, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, providing a basis for individualized care planning and interventions to optimize patient outcomes and well-being. […] These nursing interventions are tailored to address the physical, emotional, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. […] The nursing care plan emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach involving a diverse healthcare team, including nurses, obstetricians, oncologists, counselors, and support services. […] Overall, the nursing care plan for gestational trophoblastic disease seeks to provide patient-centered and evidence-based care, tailoring interventions to each patients specific needs and circumstances.

• #99 Nursing Care Plan For Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Nursing interventions should be tailored to the individual patients needs, considering the type and stage of GTD, to provide holistic care and support during the GTD journey. […] These nursing diagnosis for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease address the physical, psychological, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, providing a basis for individualized care planning and interventions to optimize patient outcomes and well-being. […] These nursing interventions are tailored to address the physical, emotional, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. […] The nursing care plan emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach involving a diverse healthcare team, including nurses, obstetricians, oncologists, counselors, and support services. […] Overall, the nursing care plan for gestational trophoblastic disease seeks to provide patient-centered and evidence-based care, tailoring interventions to each patients specific needs and circumstances.

• #100 Nursing Care Plan For Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Nursing interventions should be tailored to the individual patients needs, considering the type and stage of GTD, to provide holistic care and support during the GTD journey. […] These nursing diagnosis for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease address the physical, psychological, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, providing a basis for individualized care planning and interventions to optimize patient outcomes and well-being. […] These nursing interventions are tailored to address the physical, emotional, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. […] The nursing care plan emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach involving a diverse healthcare team, including nurses, obstetricians, oncologists, counselors, and support services. […] Overall, the nursing care plan for gestational trophoblastic disease seeks to provide patient-centered and evidence-based care, tailoring interventions to each patients specific needs and circumstances.

• #101 Nursing Care Plan For Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-gestational-trophoblastic-disease/

  Nursing interventions should be tailored to the individual patients needs, considering the type and stage of GTD, to provide holistic care and support during the GTD journey. […] These nursing diagnosis for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease address the physical, psychological, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, providing a basis for individualized care planning and interventions to optimize patient outcomes and well-being. […] These nursing interventions are tailored to address the physical, emotional, and educational needs of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. […] The nursing care plan emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach involving a diverse healthcare team, including nurses, obstetricians, oncologists, counselors, and support services. […] Overall, the nursing care plan for gestational trophoblastic disease seeks to provide patient-centered and evidence-based care, tailoring interventions to each patients specific needs and circumstances.

• #102 Hydatidiform Mole | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/23062

  Hydatidiform moles are categorized as complete or partial and are usually noninvasive forms of GTD. […] Treatment typically involves dilation and curettage (DC), and hysterectomy may be considered for patients not desiring future pregnancies. Posttreatment, regular -hCG monitoring is essential to detect potential progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). […] The initial treatment of a hydatidiform mole in patients who wish to preserve fertility is dilatation and curettage. […] Hysterectomy is an alternative to uterine evacuation if childbearing is complete. […] Prophylactic administration of either methotrexate or actinomycin-D at the time of or immediately following molar evacuation is associated with a reduction in the incidence of postmolar GTN to 3% to 8%. […] Follow-up -hCG monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks is essential for early diagnosis and management of postmolar GTN. […] An interprofessional team approach is critical for managing a molar pregnancy, enhancing patient-centered care, safety, and outcomes through coordinated skills, strategies, and responsibilities.

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