Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Coronary artery disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613

  Coronary artery disease is caused by the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the walls of the heart arteries. This condition is called atherosclerosis. The buildup is called plaque. Plaque can cause the arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque also can burst, causing a blood clot. […] Some causes of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are: Diabetes or insulin resistance. High blood pressure. Lack of exercise. Smoking or tobacco use. […] Cholesterol deposits, or plaques, are almost always to blame. These buildups narrow your arteries, decreasing blood flow to your heart. […] If there’s too much cholesterol in the blood, the cholesterol and other substances may form deposits called plaque. Plaque can cause an artery to become narrowed or blocked. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. Plaque and blood clots can reduce blood flow through an artery.

• #2 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. This happens because, over time, plaque (including cholesterol) buildup in these arteries limits how much blood can reach your heart muscle. […] Atherosclerosis causes coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of plaque in arteries throughout your body. When the plaque affects blood flow in your coronary arteries, you have coronary artery disease. […] Plaque consists of cholesterol, waste products, calcium and fibrin (a substance that helps your blood clot). As plaque collects along your artery walls, your arteries become narrow and stiff. […] People who have plaque buildup in their coronary arteries often have buildup elsewhere in their body, too. This can lead to conditions like carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

• #2 About Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/coronary-artery-disease.html

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. […] CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body. […] Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or totally block the blood flow. This process is called atherosclerosis.

• #3

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Coronary artery disease (CAD), usually referred to as heart disease, is the most common type of heart disease among adults in the U.S. Its also the leading cause of death for both males and females. […] Coronary artery disease is largely preventable. By understanding what causes it, you can make lifestyle changes to help lower your risk. […] Most often, atherosclerosis is the root cause of coronary artery disease. The condition occurs when a fatty substance called plaque builds up inside your coronary arteries. Over time, the plaque buildup leads to artery narrowing, which restricts blood flow to your heart. […] Several lifestyle habits can affect how fast plaque builds up in your arteries. The foods you eat, how much you move and how you manage stress all play a role in whether you develop coronary artery disease.

• #3 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. This happens because, over time, plaque (including cholesterol) buildup in these arteries limits how much blood can reach your heart muscle. […] Atherosclerosis causes coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of plaque in arteries throughout your body. When the plaque affects blood flow in your coronary arteries, you have coronary artery disease. […] Plaque consists of cholesterol, waste products, calcium and fibrin (a substance that helps your blood clot). As plaque collects along your artery walls, your arteries become narrow and stiff. […] People who have plaque buildup in their coronary arteries often have buildup elsewhere in their body, too. This can lead to conditions like carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

• #4 Coronary artery disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184130

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries and they become narrow or blocked. […] CAD occurs when fatty plaque deposits build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. […] Underlying health conditions, such as high cholesterol and diabetes, and physical damage to arteries can cause plaque buildup and lead to CAD. […] The plaque deposits consist of cholesterol and other inflammatory products from cells. The buildup of plaque is called atherosclerosis. […] If pieces of plaque break off or rupture, platelets cluster in the area, forming a blood clot. Blood clots can block the artery and reduce or block blood flow. This may lead to a heart attack. […] CAD occurs when cholesterol deposits develop on the walls of the coronary arteries. The condition causes blockages in the arteries that feed oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The arteries also stiffen, and inflammation increases.

• #5

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/HeartDiseaseOverview/story?id=4210085

  One thing that makes this so difficult to describe is that this is a silent disease. It develops often for decades before one develops symptoms, and so if we could really look inside the heart, we’d see that many people have coronary artery disease at a very young age, even in soldiers killed in battle in their late teen years or early twenties, often thickening of the coronary arteries has already occurred. […] But the symptomatic manifestations, when we really know we have it, often begins in the fifth, sixth, or seventh decade of life, and it’s a major cause of death and disability in the older population in developed countries.

• #6 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  A complex and incompletely understood interaction is observed between the critical cellular elements of the atherosclerotic lesion. These cellular elements include endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, platelets, and leukocytes. Interrelated biologic processes that contribute to atherogenesis and the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are as follows: […] In his response-to-injury hypothesis, Ross postulated that atherosclerosis begins with endothelial injury, making the endothelium susceptible to the accumulation of lipids and the deposition of thrombus. The mechanisms of atherogenesis remain uncertain, but the response-to-injury hypothesis is the most widely accepted proposal. […] According to the response-to-vascular injury theory, injury to the endothelium by local disturbances of blood flow at angulated or branch points, along with systemic risk factors, perpetuates a series of events that culminate in the development of atherosclerotic plaque.

• #7 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step that allows diffusion of lipids and inflammatory cells (ie, monocytes, T lymphocytes) into the endothelial and subendothelial spaces. Secretion of cytokines and growth factors promotes intimal migration, SMC proliferation, and accumulation of collagen matrix and of monocytes and other white blood cells, forming an atheroma. More advanced atheromas, even though nonocclusive, may rupture, thus leading to thrombosis and the development of ACS and MI. […] The most atherogenic type of lipid is the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) component of total serum cholesterol. The endothelium’s ability to modify lipoproteins may be particularly important in atherogenesis. […] Substantial evidence suggests that oxLDL is the prominent component of atheromas. Antibodies against oxLDL react with atherosclerotic plaques, and plasma levels of immunoreactive altered LDL are greater in persons with AMI than in controls. Oxidative stress has therefore been recognized as the most significant contributor to atherosclerosis by causing LDL oxidation and increasing nitric oxide breakdown.

• #8 Coronary artery disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184130

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries and they become narrow or blocked. […] CAD occurs when fatty plaque deposits build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. […] Underlying health conditions, such as high cholesterol and diabetes, and physical damage to arteries can cause plaque buildup and lead to CAD. […] The plaque deposits consist of cholesterol and other inflammatory products from cells. The buildup of plaque is called atherosclerosis. […] If pieces of plaque break off or rupture, platelets cluster in the area, forming a blood clot. Blood clots can block the artery and reduce or block blood flow. This may lead to a heart attack. […] CAD occurs when cholesterol deposits develop on the walls of the coronary arteries. The condition causes blockages in the arteries that feed oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The arteries also stiffen, and inflammation increases.

• #9 What Is Coronary Artery Disease? Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. […] What Causes Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? Starting as early as childhood, plaque a combination of cholesterol, fat, and other substances starts to stick to the walls lining your blood vessels. It builds up over time. That makes arteries harder and narrower, which doctors call atherosclerosis. […] If a plaque grows so large that it stops blood flow to the heart muscle, you could have a heart attack. But most of the time, heart attacks happen from the smaller plaques that rupture. […] Coronary artery disease becomes more likely as you get older or if it runs in your family. Other risk factors include high cholesterol (especially LDL, or bad cholesterol) and triglycerides, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening or thickening of the arteries), smoking or vaping, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, kidney disease, HIV or AIDS, obesity and being overweight, lack of exercise, stress, depression, and anger, unhealthy diet, too much alcohol, sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, sleep loss, and anemia.

• #10 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #11

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #12

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  In diabetes, your body either doesnt use insulin correctly or doesnt make enough of it. […] Sleep apnea is often associated with heart arrhythmias, high blood pressure and heart failure. […] If you have a family member with heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Heart disease risk increases with age. Males have a higher overall risk of coronary artery disease. In females, risk significantly increases after menopause. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in coronary artery disease prevention.

• #13 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  The intrusion of cholesterol and fat into the artery walls can begin very early in life and often builds up as we age. However, certain risk factors increase the likelihood that fatty streaks in the artery wall will develop into atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). […] The risk of CAD increases as you age. The risk starts to climb for men at about age 45 when 10 out of every 1,000 men develop signs of CAD. By age 55, the risk has doubled to about 21 out of every 1,000 men. It continues to rise until, by age 85, about 74 out of every 1,000 men have CAD. For women, the risk of CAD also climbs with age, but the trend begins about 10 years later than in men, especially with the onset of menopause. […] Your risk of heart disease is approximately doubled if a parent or sibling developed heart disease early in life (before age 55 for men and age 65 for women).

• #14 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #15 Coronary Artery Disease – Causes, Symptoms and Risk factors | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/resources/coronary-artery-disease/basics-about-heart/

  The plaque makes the inner walls of the artery sticky, so that the inflammatory cells, lipoproteins, and calcium travelling through the blood stream and adhere to the plaque. The plaque gradually enlarges, narrowing the blood vessel lumen, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle and thus reducing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. […] Risk for damaged or narrowed arteries increases with age. […] Men are at greater risk of developing CAD. In women, risk increases after menopause. […] Risk increases if any family member has coronary artery disease. […] People who have the habit of smoking and who are exposed to smoke are at increased risk of CAD. […] It results in the narrowing and hardening of the walls of arteries. […] It can increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

• #16 Coronary artery disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease

  Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, and excessive alcohol consumption. […] Smoking and obesity are associated with about 36% and 20% of cases, respectively. […] The consumption of different types of fats including trans fat (trans unsaturated), and saturated fat, in a diet influences the level of cholesterol that is present in the bloodstream. […] High levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream lead to atherosclerosis. […] The heritability of coronary artery disease has been estimated between 40% and 60%.

• #17 Is coronary artery disease a genetic condition?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-coronary-artery-disease-genetic

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Genetic factors likely play a role in the development of CAD. […] Genetic factors contribute to a persons risk of developing CAD. […] A 2022 twin study showed that certain factors that cause CAD have strong genetic heritability. This means that genetic factors play a role in their development. […] Studies show that at least 7 genes may play a role in the development of CAD. […] Studies suggest that race may also play a role in the development of CAD. […] Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD include: […] Genetics: Family history is a significant risk factor for CAD. […] Genetic factors can play a role in the development of CAD. Having a family history of CAD may increase a persons risk of developing the condition.

• #18 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  The intrusion of cholesterol and fat into the artery walls can begin very early in life and often builds up as we age. However, certain risk factors increase the likelihood that fatty streaks in the artery wall will develop into atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). […] The risk of CAD increases as you age. The risk starts to climb for men at about age 45 when 10 out of every 1,000 men develop signs of CAD. By age 55, the risk has doubled to about 21 out of every 1,000 men. It continues to rise until, by age 85, about 74 out of every 1,000 men have CAD. For women, the risk of CAD also climbs with age, but the trend begins about 10 years later than in men, especially with the onset of menopause. […] Your risk of heart disease is approximately doubled if a parent or sibling developed heart disease early in life (before age 55 for men and age 65 for women).

• #19

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #20 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #21

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Certain foods can increase your risk of plaque buildup. […] Obesity is also linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, which are all significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. […] While stress alone isnt considered a root cause of coronary artery disease, chronic stress can increase your overall risk. […] Several conditions can increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nearly half of all Americans have one of the three major risk factors for coronary artery disease: smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component in plaque. […] Diabetes is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• #22 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #23 Coronary Artery Disease | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/coronary-artery-disease

  High cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy substance in your blood that’s mostly made by your liver but also comes from certain foods. Your body needs some cholesterol, but too much of certain types can lead to a dangerous accumulation of plaque in your arteries. […] High blood pressure. This is when the force of blood against blood vessel walls is too high. Over time, it can cause excessive strain on your heart and injure the lining of arteries. […] Obesity. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of CAD. […] Sedentary lifestyle. A lack of physical activity increases the risk of CAD. […] Smoking. Chemicals in cigarettes cause plaque to build up in the arteries over time. […] Stress. High levels of stress can increase blood pressure, cholesterol levels and other conditions commonly associated with CAD.

• #24

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/causes/

  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries). […] Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased if you: […] Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) puts a strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. […] Cholesterol is a fat made by the liver from the saturated fat in your diet. It’s essential for healthy cells, but too much in the blood can lead to CHD. […] Like cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), also known as LP(a), is a combination of fat and protein made by the liver. It’s a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. […] A high blood sugar level may lead to diabetes, which can more than double your risk of developing CHD. […] Diabetes can lead to CHD because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become thicker, which can restrict blood flow. […] If a thrombosis develops in a coronary artery it prevents the blood supply from reaching the heart muscle. This usually leads to a heart attack.

• #25 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  Several medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, HIV/AIDS, and chronic kidney disease, increase the risk of CAD. […] When you smoke, you expose your heart and blood vessels to nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other harmful substances contained in smoke. This causes blood vessels to constrict, blood pressure to increase, and cholesterol levels to climb. […] High LDL cholesterol the so-called bad cholesterol can increase plaque buildup in the heart’s arteries. […] If your blood pressure is above 140/90 mmHg for long periods, it can damage the blood vessels. […] High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels throughout the body, making atherosclerotic plaque more likely to develop. […] Carrying around too much weight strains your heart and makes it more difficult to control high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes.

• #26 Coronary Artery Disease: Symptoms & Causes | Pantai Hospital

  https://www.pantai.com.my/medical-specialties/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when your bodys major blood vessels that supply the heart struggle to send enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle. […] CAD is commonly caused by inflammation of the arteries, which is the result of arterial plaque build-up. Plaque contains deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the artery. When the arteries narrow over time due to plaque build-up, the blood flow can be partially or totally blocked. This process is called atherosclerosis. […] Symptoms may not manifest in the early stages as it may take anywhere from years to decades for plaque build-up. […] Unhealthy diet: Diet rich in saturated fat, trans fat, sugar, and salt. […] Family history: Having a close relative who developed heart disease at an early age, or family history of heart disease. […] Diabetes […] Gender: Men are at greater risk of developing CAD, while the risk for women increases after menopause. […] Hypertension or high blood pressure […] High cholesterol.

• #27

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/causes/

  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries). […] Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased if you: […] Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) puts a strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. […] Cholesterol is a fat made by the liver from the saturated fat in your diet. It’s essential for healthy cells, but too much in the blood can lead to CHD. […] Like cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), also known as LP(a), is a combination of fat and protein made by the liver. It’s a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. […] A high blood sugar level may lead to diabetes, which can more than double your risk of developing CHD. […] Diabetes can lead to CHD because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become thicker, which can restrict blood flow. […] If a thrombosis develops in a coronary artery it prevents the blood supply from reaching the heart muscle. This usually leads to a heart attack.

• #28 Coronary Artery Disease – Causes, Symptoms and Risk factors | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/resources/coronary-artery-disease/basics-about-heart/

  High degree of association 2 to 4-fold greater risk. […] Overweight increases the risk of CAD. […] Reduced physical activity, high stress and unhealthy diet also contribute to the development of CAD. […] Sleep apnea may cause an increase in the blood pressure and high strain on the heart, leading to CAD. […] CRP levels are increased mostly if there is any inflammation in the body. It is a risk factor for CAD. […] If left untreated, CAD can lead to life threatening complications such as: […] The plaque may rupture forming a clot and blocking the blood flow to the heart muscle. […] Due to reduced oxygen and nutrient rich blood flow, the heart is unable to pump enough blood, thus increasing its workload. Over time, it may lead to weakening of heart muscle, also called heart failure.

• #29 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Markers of inflammation are also substantial risk factors for CAD. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is considered the best predictor of CAD in some studies, although its practical uses are controversial. […] Research indicates that obesity is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions. […] The current obesity guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for waist circumference cut-off values in patients with CAD and a normal BMI.

• #30

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  Obesity is defined as excess body fat. Carrying extra weight can put more stress on your blood vessels, causing your heart to work even harder to pump blood through your body. Additionally, obesity is linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, all major risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. […] Stress raises your adrenaline, which, combined with coronary artery disease, can lead to heart damage. […] High blood pressure is frequently called the silent killer because it often doesnt cause any symptoms. […] As cholesterol increases in your bloodstream, it builds up in your arteries as fatty deposits called plaque. This plaque buildup is the most common cause of coronary artery disease.

• #31 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #32

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Certain foods can increase your risk of plaque buildup. […] Obesity is also linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, which are all significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. […] While stress alone isnt considered a root cause of coronary artery disease, chronic stress can increase your overall risk. […] Several conditions can increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nearly half of all Americans have one of the three major risk factors for coronary artery disease: smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component in plaque. […] Diabetes is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• #33

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronary-heart-disease-chd/causes/

  The main cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) is a build-up of a fatty substance in the arteries around your heart (coronary arteries). […] Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is much higher if you: […] The risk is higher if a male relative under 55 or a female relative under 65 has CHD. […] Cholesterol is a fat made by the liver from the saturated fat in your diet. Your body needs some cholesterol, but too much in the blood can lead to CHD. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) puts a strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. […] Smoking is a major risk factor for CHD. Nicotine and carbon monoxide (from the smoke) put a strain on your heart by making it work faster. […] Diabetes can double your risk of developing CHD. […] If you get a clot in a coronary artery, it prevents the blood supply from reaching the heart muscle. This may cause a heart attack.

• #34 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  A lack of exercise weakens your muscles and makes it harder to control several other CAD risk factors, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, and stress. […] High levels of stress in your life, or a tendency to often feel angry, have also been linked to an increased risk for CAD. […] Your doctor may use a special high-sensitivity CRP test to look for signs that you have inflammation in the arteries of your heart. If your CRP levels are high, your risk of heart attack increases.

• #35 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes and associated medical conditions

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/uncovering-causes-coronary-artery-disease

  Stress can lead to an elevation in blood pressure and heartbeat due to the production of stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline thus facilitating the development of CAD. Long term stress can also cause inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries. […] Eating a lot of foods high in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol increases blood pressure and possibly leads to CAD. Also, low dietary fiber intake which comes from vegetables and fruits leads to high cholesterol. […] Physical inactivity increases the risk of CAD by contributing to weight gain and obesity, poor vascular fitness, and inflammation. It can also result in reduced elasticity of blood vessels thus making hypertension worse. The risk of CAD can be reduced by engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week.

• #36

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It affects more than 20 million adults in the U.S. Its also the leading cause of death nationwide. […] By understanding the causes of coronary artery disease, you can effectively lower your risk of developing it. […] Most often, atherosclerosis causes coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis occurs when a waxy substance called plaque builds up in your coronary arteries. Over time, the plaque buildup narrows your coronary arteries and restricts blood flow. […] Your lifestyle how you eat, exercise and even manage stress all affect your risk of developing coronary artery disease. […] Some specific foods have been directly linked to plaque buildup and heart damage, including saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, and sugar.

• #37

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Modifiable risk factors are those you can take measures to change. They include: Smoking. People who smoke are 2 to 4 times more likely to get heart disease. Unhealthy eating habits. A diet high in saturated fat, trans fat, salt and sugar increases the risk of coronary artery disease. It also contributes to other risk factors such as obesity. Sedentary lifestyle. Lack of physical activity contributes to coronary artery disease and contributes to several risk factors such as obesity. High cholesterol. High levels of cholesterol in your blood can increase the risk of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. Obesity. Excessive body weight worsens the effect of other risk factors. Stress. Poorly managed stress may damage your arteries and worsen the effect of other risk factors. Diabetes. High blood sugar can damage your heart’s blood vessels. People with diabetes are also more likely to have other conditions that increase their risk for heart disease. Hypertension (High blood pressure). This can cause your arteries to thicken or harden, which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. […] Coronary artery disease can lead to: Heart arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats) Heart attack (myocardial infarction) Heart failure.

• #38 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes and associated medical conditions

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/uncovering-causes-coronary-artery-disease

  Raised blood sugar levels can contribute to arterial damage and increase the risk of CAD. When blood sugar is consistently on the higher side, a process called glycation occurs. This is where sugar molecules attach to proteins and fats in your body. Glycation can interfere with how your cells normally function. It accelerates plaque formation in CAD. […] The development of CAD is largely influenced by genetic factors, and family history is a powerful predictor of disease vulnerability. An individual’s chance of developing CAD is greatly influenced by a similar history of CAD in the family. […] Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CAD by improving endothelial dysfunction and increasing HDL-C concentration. On the other hand, higher consumption leads to arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, hypertension and triglycerides, which raises the risk of CAD. Therefore, as a means of eliminating the adverse effects, it is extremely crucial to have moderation and balance.

• #39

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  Obesity is defined as excess body fat. Carrying extra weight can put more stress on your blood vessels, causing your heart to work even harder to pump blood through your body. Additionally, obesity is linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, all major risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. […] Stress raises your adrenaline, which, combined with coronary artery disease, can lead to heart damage. […] High blood pressure is frequently called the silent killer because it often doesnt cause any symptoms. […] As cholesterol increases in your bloodstream, it builds up in your arteries as fatty deposits called plaque. This plaque buildup is the most common cause of coronary artery disease.

• #40 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes and associated medical conditions

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/uncovering-causes-coronary-artery-disease

  Stress can lead to an elevation in blood pressure and heartbeat due to the production of stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline thus facilitating the development of CAD. Long term stress can also cause inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries. […] Eating a lot of foods high in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol increases blood pressure and possibly leads to CAD. Also, low dietary fiber intake which comes from vegetables and fruits leads to high cholesterol. […] Physical inactivity increases the risk of CAD by contributing to weight gain and obesity, poor vascular fitness, and inflammation. It can also result in reduced elasticity of blood vessels thus making hypertension worse. The risk of CAD can be reduced by engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week.

• #41 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High blood cholesterol levels. High levels of cholesterol in your blood can increase the risk of formation of plaque and atherosclerosis. High cholesterol can be caused by a high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, known as the „bad” cholesterol. A low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as the „good” cholesterol, can also contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. […] Diabetes. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease share similar risk factors, such as obesity and high blood pressure. […] Sometimes coronary artery disease develops without any classic risk factors. Researchers are studying other possible risk factors, including: […] High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This protein appears in higher-than-normal amounts when there’s inflammation somewhere in your body. High hs-CRP levels may be a risk factor for heart disease. It’s thought that as coronary arteries narrow, you’ll have more hs-CRP in your blood.

• #42 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High triglycerides. This is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. High levels may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially for women. […] Homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid your body uses to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of homocysteine may increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Preeclampsia. This condition that can develop in women during pregnancy causes high blood pressure and a higher amount of protein in urine. It can lead to a higher risk of heart disease later in life. […] Autoimmune diseases. People who have conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory conditions) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

• #43 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Markers of inflammation are also substantial risk factors for CAD. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is considered the best predictor of CAD in some studies, although its practical uses are controversial. […] Research indicates that obesity is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions. […] The current obesity guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for waist circumference cut-off values in patients with CAD and a normal BMI.

• #44 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  A lack of exercise weakens your muscles and makes it harder to control several other CAD risk factors, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, and stress. […] High levels of stress in your life, or a tendency to often feel angry, have also been linked to an increased risk for CAD. […] Your doctor may use a special high-sensitivity CRP test to look for signs that you have inflammation in the arteries of your heart. If your CRP levels are high, your risk of heart attack increases.

• #45 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High triglycerides. This is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. High levels may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially for women. […] Homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid your body uses to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of homocysteine may increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Preeclampsia. This condition that can develop in women during pregnancy causes high blood pressure and a higher amount of protein in urine. It can lead to a higher risk of heart disease later in life. […] Autoimmune diseases. People who have conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory conditions) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

• #46 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High triglycerides. This is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. High levels may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially for women. […] Homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid your body uses to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of homocysteine may increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Preeclampsia. This condition that can develop in women during pregnancy causes high blood pressure and a higher amount of protein in urine. It can lead to a higher risk of heart disease later in life. […] Autoimmune diseases. People who have conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory conditions) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

• #47 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Disease

  https://www.health.com/coronary-artery-disease-causes-8725162

  Diabetes occurs when your pancreas cannot produce enough insulin—a hormone that helps your body turn glucose (or, sugar) into energy. As a result, too much glucose in your body for long periods of time can lead to significant organ damage, including problems with your heart and its arteries. […] People who have a kidney disease diagnosis are also at an increased risk for developing heart disease. […] Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, or lupus cause inflammation in your body. If these conditions progress, inflammation can reach the heart and affect the functioning of your blood vessels. […] The primary damage to your arteries function is plaque build-up. Plaque can develop because of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Other conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases can also raise your risk of heart disease.

• #48 Causes and Risk Factors of Heart Disease

  https://www.health.com/coronary-artery-disease-causes-8725162

  Diabetes occurs when your pancreas cannot produce enough insulin—a hormone that helps your body turn glucose (or, sugar) into energy. As a result, too much glucose in your body for long periods of time can lead to significant organ damage, including problems with your heart and its arteries. […] People who have a kidney disease diagnosis are also at an increased risk for developing heart disease. […] Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, or lupus cause inflammation in your body. If these conditions progress, inflammation can reach the heart and affect the functioning of your blood vessels. […] The primary damage to your arteries function is plaque build-up. Plaque can develop because of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Other conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases can also raise your risk of heart disease.

• #49

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  In diabetes, your body either doesnt use insulin correctly or doesnt make enough of it. […] Sleep apnea is often associated with heart arrhythmias, high blood pressure and heart failure. […] If you have a family member with heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Heart disease risk increases with age. Males have a higher overall risk of coronary artery disease. In females, risk significantly increases after menopause. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in coronary artery disease prevention.

• #50

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Sleep apnea is often associated with high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and heart failure. […] If a family member has or had heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk for coronary artery disease. […] As you get older, your risk of heart disease increases. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in preventing coronary artery disease.

• #51 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High triglycerides. This is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. High levels may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially for women. […] Homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid your body uses to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of homocysteine may increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Preeclampsia. This condition that can develop in women during pregnancy causes high blood pressure and a higher amount of protein in urine. It can lead to a higher risk of heart disease later in life. […] Autoimmune diseases. People who have conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory conditions) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

• #52

  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/heart-health/what-causes-coronary-heart-disease/?srsltid=AfmBOoql3PK8vNE-5xA1eEZKUeH-14uubfX8gUMag7nYoDvsWEsSSbfq

  Smoking causes an elevated risk for CHD of around 50% in people with diabetes and up to 30% in people regularly exposed to second-hand smoke. […] A diet with high fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and added sugars has an increased impact on the risk of CHD. […] Additional modifiable risk factors not classically associated with CHD include other chronic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid disease, and vitamin D deficiency.

• #53 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both sexes, accounting for approximately one third of all deaths, and substantial numbers of these occur in low resource areas (1). […] Usually, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery atherosclerosis: Subintimal deposition of atheromas in large and medium-sized coronary arteries. […] Less often, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery spasm (see Vasospastic Angina). […] Vascular endothelial dysfunction can promote atherosclerosis and contribute to coronary artery spasm. Endothelial dysfunction is also recognized as a cause of angina in the absence of epicardial coronary artery stenosis or spasm (see Microvascular Angina). […] Rare causes include coronary artery embolism, dissection, aneurysm (eg, in Kawasaki disease), and vasculitis (eg, in Takayasu arteritis).

• #54 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) causes impaired blood flow in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. […] The most common cause of CAD is a vascular injury with cholesterol plaque buildup in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow occurs when one or more of these arteries becomes partially or completely blocked. […] Other rare causes of damage or blockage to a coronary artery also limit blood flow to the heart.

• #55 Quick Facts:Overview of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease-cad

  Coronary artery disease (heart disease) happens when blood flow through the coronary arteries is partially or totally blocked. […] The most common cause is hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). […] The most common cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries. In atherosclerosis, cholesterol and other fatty material slowly build up in your arteries. This build-up is called an atheroma or plaque. […] Less common causes include a sudden spasm of a coronary artery, usually from using illicit drugs such as cocaine. During a spasm, the artery suddenly squeezes shut. If it stays shut long enough, you can have a heart attack.

• #56 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both sexes, accounting for approximately one third of all deaths, and substantial numbers of these occur in low resource areas (1). […] Usually, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery atherosclerosis: Subintimal deposition of atheromas in large and medium-sized coronary arteries. […] Less often, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery spasm (see Vasospastic Angina). […] Vascular endothelial dysfunction can promote atherosclerosis and contribute to coronary artery spasm. Endothelial dysfunction is also recognized as a cause of angina in the absence of epicardial coronary artery stenosis or spasm (see Microvascular Angina). […] Rare causes include coronary artery embolism, dissection, aneurysm (eg, in Kawasaki disease), and vasculitis (eg, in Takayasu arteritis).

• #57 Coronary Artery Disease Causes | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/coronary-artery-disease/causes.html

  The causes of coronary artery disease depend on the type that doctors diagnose. At least one form of the disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), can develop without warning in otherwise healthy people. […] For other forms of the disease, doctors and researchers have identified risk factors that can make it more likely for you to develop narrowed or blocked arteries, called obstructive coronary artery disease. While research continues, they believe these risk factors may also play a role in non-obstructive coronary artery disease. […] To reduce the risk of heart attack and cardiac death, doctors will recommend lifestyle changes and possibly medications for people with these risk factors: High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), High blood pressure (hypertension), Tobacco use, Diabetes, Age (older than 45 for men, and 55 for women), Family history (including genetic conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia), Obesity, Lack of exercise.

• #58 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both sexes, accounting for approximately one third of all deaths, and substantial numbers of these occur in low resource areas (1). […] Usually, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery atherosclerosis: Subintimal deposition of atheromas in large and medium-sized coronary arteries. […] Less often, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery spasm (see Vasospastic Angina). […] Vascular endothelial dysfunction can promote atherosclerosis and contribute to coronary artery spasm. Endothelial dysfunction is also recognized as a cause of angina in the absence of epicardial coronary artery stenosis or spasm (see Microvascular Angina). […] Rare causes include coronary artery embolism, dissection, aneurysm (eg, in Kawasaki disease), and vasculitis (eg, in Takayasu arteritis).

• #59 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both sexes, accounting for approximately one third of all deaths, and substantial numbers of these occur in low resource areas (1). […] Usually, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery atherosclerosis: Subintimal deposition of atheromas in large and medium-sized coronary arteries. […] Less often, coronary artery disease is due to Coronary artery spasm (see Vasospastic Angina). […] Vascular endothelial dysfunction can promote atherosclerosis and contribute to coronary artery spasm. Endothelial dysfunction is also recognized as a cause of angina in the absence of epicardial coronary artery stenosis or spasm (see Microvascular Angina). […] Rare causes include coronary artery embolism, dissection, aneurysm (eg, in Kawasaki disease), and vasculitis (eg, in Takayasu arteritis).

• #60 Causes of Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/non-obstructive-coronary-artery-disease/causes.html

  When caring for symptoms like chest pain, our doctors know when to look beyond the blocked arteries that define obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). […] This less common form of CAD occurs when your hearts arteries inappropriately constrict, malfunction after branching into tiny vessels, or are squeezed by the overlying heart muscle. […] The cause of coronary vasospasm is unknown, but is due to hyperactive constriction of the heart arteries. […] Myocardial bridging is a common anatomic variant that people are born with. […] Risk factors that have been linked to endothelial dysfunction and/or microvascular dysfunction: Diabetes, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Smoking, Excess weight. […] Non-obstructive coronary artery disease affects women more frequently than men. […] Lifestyle changes to control risk factors may provide appropriate treatment if non-obstructive coronary artery disease is caused by endothelial or microvascular dysfunction. […] Most people with non-obstructive coronary artery disease will need medical therapy to improve their symptoms. […] Surgery is an option for myocardial bridging, offered only as needed when medications fail.

• #61 Causes of Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/non-obstructive-coronary-artery-disease/causes.html

  When caring for symptoms like chest pain, our doctors know when to look beyond the blocked arteries that define obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). […] This less common form of CAD occurs when your hearts arteries inappropriately constrict, malfunction after branching into tiny vessels, or are squeezed by the overlying heart muscle. […] The cause of coronary vasospasm is unknown, but is due to hyperactive constriction of the heart arteries. […] Myocardial bridging is a common anatomic variant that people are born with. […] Risk factors that have been linked to endothelial dysfunction and/or microvascular dysfunction: Diabetes, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Smoking, Excess weight. […] Non-obstructive coronary artery disease affects women more frequently than men. […] Lifestyle changes to control risk factors may provide appropriate treatment if non-obstructive coronary artery disease is caused by endothelial or microvascular dysfunction. […] Most people with non-obstructive coronary artery disease will need medical therapy to improve their symptoms. […] Surgery is an option for myocardial bridging, offered only as needed when medications fail.

• #62 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Causes, Symptoms, Risks – UDS

  https://udshealth.com/blog/coronary-artery-disease-guide-causes-symptoms-prevention/

  Coronary artery disease refers to a condition in which the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, most commonly due to atherosclerosis. The primary cause of CAD is atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of plaque along the inner lining of the coronary arteries. This plaque is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other cellular waste products. As plaque builds up over time, the arteries narrow and become less flexible, restricting blood flow to the heart. […] This condition is often exacerbated by several contributing factors. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesteroloften referred to as bad cholesterolare particularly harmful, as LDL tends to deposit within the arterial walls. On the other hand, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or good cholesterol, reduce the bodys ability to remove excess cholesterol. Elevated blood pressure can damage the arterial walls, making it easier for plaque to form. Smoking introduces harmful chemicals into the bloodstream that damage blood vessels and contribute to inflammation and plaque buildup.

• #63 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Causes, Symptoms, Risks – UDS

  https://udshealth.com/blog/coronary-artery-disease-guide-causes-symptoms-prevention/

  Diabetes, particularly when poorly managed, increases CAD risk by accelerating atherosclerosis. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle also play significant roles, as both are associated with poor lipid profiles, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Inflammation, whether due to chronic conditions like lupus or external factors such as pollution, may also trigger or worsen the development of CAD.

• #64

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/causes/

  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries). […] Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased if you: […] Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) puts a strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. […] Cholesterol is a fat made by the liver from the saturated fat in your diet. It’s essential for healthy cells, but too much in the blood can lead to CHD. […] Like cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), also known as LP(a), is a combination of fat and protein made by the liver. It’s a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. […] A high blood sugar level may lead to diabetes, which can more than double your risk of developing CHD. […] Diabetes can lead to CHD because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become thicker, which can restrict blood flow. […] If a thrombosis develops in a coronary artery it prevents the blood supply from reaching the heart muscle. This usually leads to a heart attack.

• #65

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Certain foods can increase your risk of plaque buildup. […] Obesity is also linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, which are all significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. […] While stress alone isnt considered a root cause of coronary artery disease, chronic stress can increase your overall risk. […] Several conditions can increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nearly half of all Americans have one of the three major risk factors for coronary artery disease: smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component in plaque. […] Diabetes is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• #66

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Modifiable risk factors are those you can take measures to change. They include: Smoking. People who smoke are 2 to 4 times more likely to get heart disease. Unhealthy eating habits. A diet high in saturated fat, trans fat, salt and sugar increases the risk of coronary artery disease. It also contributes to other risk factors such as obesity. Sedentary lifestyle. Lack of physical activity contributes to coronary artery disease and contributes to several risk factors such as obesity. High cholesterol. High levels of cholesterol in your blood can increase the risk of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. Obesity. Excessive body weight worsens the effect of other risk factors. Stress. Poorly managed stress may damage your arteries and worsen the effect of other risk factors. Diabetes. High blood sugar can damage your heart’s blood vessels. People with diabetes are also more likely to have other conditions that increase their risk for heart disease. Hypertension (High blood pressure). This can cause your arteries to thicken or harden, which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. […] Coronary artery disease can lead to: Heart arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats) Heart attack (myocardial infarction) Heart failure.

• #67 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  Several medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, HIV/AIDS, and chronic kidney disease, increase the risk of CAD. […] When you smoke, you expose your heart and blood vessels to nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other harmful substances contained in smoke. This causes blood vessels to constrict, blood pressure to increase, and cholesterol levels to climb. […] High LDL cholesterol the so-called bad cholesterol can increase plaque buildup in the heart’s arteries. […] If your blood pressure is above 140/90 mmHg for long periods, it can damage the blood vessels. […] High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels throughout the body, making atherosclerotic plaque more likely to develop. […] Carrying around too much weight strains your heart and makes it more difficult to control high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes.

• #68

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Certain foods can increase your risk of plaque buildup. […] Obesity is also linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, which are all significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. […] While stress alone isnt considered a root cause of coronary artery disease, chronic stress can increase your overall risk. […] Several conditions can increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nearly half of all Americans have one of the three major risk factors for coronary artery disease: smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component in plaque. […] Diabetes is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• #69 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step that allows diffusion of lipids and inflammatory cells (ie, monocytes, T lymphocytes) into the endothelial and subendothelial spaces. Secretion of cytokines and growth factors promotes intimal migration, SMC proliferation, and accumulation of collagen matrix and of monocytes and other white blood cells, forming an atheroma. More advanced atheromas, even though nonocclusive, may rupture, thus leading to thrombosis and the development of ACS and MI. […] The most atherogenic type of lipid is the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) component of total serum cholesterol. The endothelium’s ability to modify lipoproteins may be particularly important in atherogenesis. […] Substantial evidence suggests that oxLDL is the prominent component of atheromas. Antibodies against oxLDL react with atherosclerotic plaques, and plasma levels of immunoreactive altered LDL are greater in persons with AMI than in controls. Oxidative stress has therefore been recognized as the most significant contributor to atherosclerosis by causing LDL oxidation and increasing nitric oxide breakdown.

• #70 Coronary Artery Disease – Abcentra

  https://abcentra.com/coronary-artery-disease/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects more than 20.5 million adults in the U.S. alone. […] CAD is caused by a buildup of plaque in the walls of coronary arteries that are responsible for blood and oxygen supply of the heart. […] This process is called atherosclerosis. […] Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a broad term for three types of coronary artery disease that affect millions of people each year. […] A gradual buildup of fat and cholesterol (plaque) hardens and narrows your arteries (atherosclerosis). […] Inflammation contributes to many of the characteristics of plaques implicated in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. […] Vascular inflammation has been recognized as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

• #71 Coronary artery disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/coronary-artery-disease/?section=Causes

  High triglycerides. This is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. High levels may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially for women. […] Homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid your body uses to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of homocysteine may increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Preeclampsia. This condition that can develop in women during pregnancy causes high blood pressure and a higher amount of protein in urine. It can lead to a higher risk of heart disease later in life. […] Autoimmune diseases. People who have conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory conditions) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

• #72 Coronary Heart Disease – Causes and Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/causes

  Coronary heart disease may have more than one cause, including plaque buildup or problems that affect how the heart’s blood vessels work. […] Plaque buildup in the large arteries on the hearts surface is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. […] The cause of these problems is unclear, but it may involve damage or injury to the walls of the arteries or tiny blood vessels from long-term inflammation, high blood pressure, or diabetes. […] Coronary heart disease is largely preventable. Studies show that heart-healthy living quitting smoking or never starting, eating healthy foods, and being physically active throughout life can prevent or delay coronary heart disease and its complications in most people. […] Risk factors for coronary heart disease begin in childhood. Therefore, its important to develop healthy living habits in childhood, including good nutrition and physical activity, to prevent risk factors from developing. […] Some children can develop atherosclerosis or even have a heart attack or stroke if they have a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia.

• #73 Coronary heart disease • Heart Research Institute

  https://www.hriuk.org/health/learn/cardiovascular-disease/coronary-heart-disease

  Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is a common condition where the major blood vessels to the heart become blocked and narrowed. […] The main underlying cause of coronary heart disease is atherosclerosis. […] In atherosclerosis, fatty plaques build up on the inner walls of the coronary arteries. […] The coronary arteries can also be damaged by: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, inactivity, smoking. […] Coronary heart disease often develops over time. Fatty deposits may develop in the arteries during childhood and then thicken and build up as the person ages.

• #74

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/HeartDiseaseOverview/story?id=4210085

  One thing that makes this so difficult to describe is that this is a silent disease. It develops often for decades before one develops symptoms, and so if we could really look inside the heart, we’d see that many people have coronary artery disease at a very young age, even in soldiers killed in battle in their late teen years or early twenties, often thickening of the coronary arteries has already occurred. […] But the symptomatic manifestations, when we really know we have it, often begins in the fifth, sixth, or seventh decade of life, and it’s a major cause of death and disability in the older population in developed countries.

• #75 Coronary Heart Disease – Causes and Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/causes

  Coronary heart disease may have more than one cause, including plaque buildup or problems that affect how the heart’s blood vessels work. […] Plaque buildup in the large arteries on the hearts surface is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. […] The cause of these problems is unclear, but it may involve damage or injury to the walls of the arteries or tiny blood vessels from long-term inflammation, high blood pressure, or diabetes. […] Coronary heart disease is largely preventable. Studies show that heart-healthy living quitting smoking or never starting, eating healthy foods, and being physically active throughout life can prevent or delay coronary heart disease and its complications in most people. […] Risk factors for coronary heart disease begin in childhood. Therefore, its important to develop healthy living habits in childhood, including good nutrition and physical activity, to prevent risk factors from developing. […] Some children can develop atherosclerosis or even have a heart attack or stroke if they have a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia.

• #76

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/HeartDiseaseOverview/story?id=4210085

  One thing that makes this so difficult to describe is that this is a silent disease. It develops often for decades before one develops symptoms, and so if we could really look inside the heart, we’d see that many people have coronary artery disease at a very young age, even in soldiers killed in battle in their late teen years or early twenties, often thickening of the coronary arteries has already occurred. […] But the symptomatic manifestations, when we really know we have it, often begins in the fifth, sixth, or seventh decade of life, and it’s a major cause of death and disability in the older population in developed countries.

• #77

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/HeartDiseaseOverview/story?id=4210085

  One thing that makes this so difficult to describe is that this is a silent disease. It develops often for decades before one develops symptoms, and so if we could really look inside the heart, we’d see that many people have coronary artery disease at a very young age, even in soldiers killed in battle in their late teen years or early twenties, often thickening of the coronary arteries has already occurred. […] But the symptomatic manifestations, when we really know we have it, often begins in the fifth, sixth, or seventh decade of life, and it’s a major cause of death and disability in the older population in developed countries.

• #78 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease begins in childhood and gradually progresses when the clinical manifestations become apparent in middle or old age. […] According to one hypothesis, atherosclerosis begins in response to endothelial injury. The injured vessel is more susceptible to deposition of fats and thrombus formation. […] Factors that increase the risk of CAD are: Male gender, Middle to old age, High levels of cholesterol in the body, Smoking, Alcohol intake, Chronic inflammatory conditions, Diabetes, Hypertension, Family history, Depression, Obesity, Autoimmune disorders, Infectious agents. […] CAD is almost always caused by atherosclerosis, and the most common cause of atherosclerosis is a high level of blood cholesterol. […] Insulin resistance is also known to cause high body cholesterol levels, as seen in diabetes type 2. […] The mainstay of treatment against CAD is to prevent the process of atherosclerosis by eliminating the causative factors and preventing any clinical manifestations such as angina or MI from developing.

• #79

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/causes

  In diabetes, your body either doesnt use insulin correctly or doesnt make enough of it. […] Sleep apnea is often associated with heart arrhythmias, high blood pressure and heart failure. […] If you have a family member with heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Heart disease risk increases with age. Males have a higher overall risk of coronary artery disease. In females, risk significantly increases after menopause. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in coronary artery disease prevention.

• #80 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  A number of large epidemiologic studies in North America and Europe have identified numerous risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These factors, which can be classified as either modifiable or nonmodifiable, include the following: […] The presence of risk factors accelerates the rate of development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, decreases endothelial thromboresistance, and increases platelet activity, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. […] Other risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis include the following: […] The frequency of coronary heart disease in the Far East is significantly lower than that documented in the West. Ill-defined genetic reasons for this phenomenon may exist, but significant interest surrounds the role of diet and other environmental factors in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease in these populations. […] The incidence, prevalence, and manifestations of CAD vary significantly with race, as does the response to therapy. […] The presence of diabetes, as well as tobacco use, eliminates the protection from heart disease associated with female sex.

• #81 Coronary Artery Disease | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and the most common type of heart disease. The condition develops when atherosclerosis buildup of a sticky, fatty substance called plaque narrows the arteries supplying blood to the heart. […] Certain physical and behavioral factors put some people at a higher risk of coronary artery disease. For example, men are generally at greater risk of developing CAD than women, but a woman’s risk increases after menopause. Factors that can contribute to CAD include: […] Age. For men, the risk of developing CAD increases after age 55. The risk increases for women after age 65 or after they’ve gone through menopause. […] Diabetes. Patients with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop CAD. […] Family history. If someone in your family had heart disease before age 50, you’re at higher risk than average of developing it.

• #82

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #83 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – risk factors and causes: In Libyan patients | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.18.21266513v1.full-text

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women. […] The risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are the most contributing factors for the developing CAD in Libya. […] There are several risk factors for CAD, some can be controlled but not all. […] The non-modifiable risk factors are as follows; age, sex, race, family history, and/or physio-pathological conditions. […] According to the results of this study, the most common risk factors for women were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and women who have DM + HTN (12.8%,13.9%, 52.17% respectively), however no cases of smoke have been reported among women. […] The prevalence intensity of men risk factors was as follows: smoking (36.7%), HTN (14.11%) and DM (12.04 %), which were lower compared to womens cases at the last two factors.

• #84 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  A number of large epidemiologic studies in North America and Europe have identified numerous risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These factors, which can be classified as either modifiable or nonmodifiable, include the following: […] The presence of risk factors accelerates the rate of development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, decreases endothelial thromboresistance, and increases platelet activity, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. […] Other risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis include the following: […] The frequency of coronary heart disease in the Far East is significantly lower than that documented in the West. Ill-defined genetic reasons for this phenomenon may exist, but significant interest surrounds the role of diet and other environmental factors in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease in these populations. […] The incidence, prevalence, and manifestations of CAD vary significantly with race, as does the response to therapy. […] The presence of diabetes, as well as tobacco use, eliminates the protection from heart disease associated with female sex.

• #85 Causes of Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/non-obstructive-coronary-artery-disease/causes.html

  When caring for symptoms like chest pain, our doctors know when to look beyond the blocked arteries that define obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). […] This less common form of CAD occurs when your hearts arteries inappropriately constrict, malfunction after branching into tiny vessels, or are squeezed by the overlying heart muscle. […] The cause of coronary vasospasm is unknown, but is due to hyperactive constriction of the heart arteries. […] Myocardial bridging is a common anatomic variant that people are born with. […] Risk factors that have been linked to endothelial dysfunction and/or microvascular dysfunction: Diabetes, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Smoking, Excess weight. […] Non-obstructive coronary artery disease affects women more frequently than men. […] Lifestyle changes to control risk factors may provide appropriate treatment if non-obstructive coronary artery disease is caused by endothelial or microvascular dysfunction. […] Most people with non-obstructive coronary artery disease will need medical therapy to improve their symptoms. […] Surgery is an option for myocardial bridging, offered only as needed when medications fail.

• #86 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  A number of large epidemiologic studies in North America and Europe have identified numerous risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These factors, which can be classified as either modifiable or nonmodifiable, include the following: […] The presence of risk factors accelerates the rate of development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, decreases endothelial thromboresistance, and increases platelet activity, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. […] Other risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis include the following: […] The frequency of coronary heart disease in the Far East is significantly lower than that documented in the West. Ill-defined genetic reasons for this phenomenon may exist, but significant interest surrounds the role of diet and other environmental factors in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease in these populations. […] The incidence, prevalence, and manifestations of CAD vary significantly with race, as does the response to therapy. […] The presence of diabetes, as well as tobacco use, eliminates the protection from heart disease associated with female sex.

• #87

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #88 Cardiovascular disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

  Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor sleep, among other things. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6%, and obesity 5%. […] It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. […] Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide except Africa. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females.

• #89 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-overview

  A number of large epidemiologic studies in North America and Europe have identified numerous risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These factors, which can be classified as either modifiable or nonmodifiable, include the following: […] The presence of risk factors accelerates the rate of development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, decreases endothelial thromboresistance, and increases platelet activity, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. […] Other risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis include the following: […] The frequency of coronary heart disease in the Far East is significantly lower than that documented in the West. Ill-defined genetic reasons for this phenomenon may exist, but significant interest surrounds the role of diet and other environmental factors in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease in these populations. […] The incidence, prevalence, and manifestations of CAD vary significantly with race, as does the response to therapy. […] The presence of diabetes, as well as tobacco use, eliminates the protection from heart disease associated with female sex.

• #90

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #91

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes

  Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart diseases in Singapore. It develops when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up in the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This buildup is also known as atherosclerosis. […] In coronary artery disease, heart arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty plaque deposits. […] This disease can be attributed to a number of risk factors. […] Non-modifiable risk factors are those that cannot be changed. They include: Age. As you get older, your arteries are more likely to be damaged or narrow. Gender. Overall, men face a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the risk for women increases significantly after menopause. Family history. If a close family member developed heart disease, especially at a young age, you face a higher risk. Ethnicity. If you are of South Asian, African or Caribbean descent, you face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

• #92 Coronary Heart Disease – Causes and Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/causes

  Coronary heart disease may have more than one cause, including plaque buildup or problems that affect how the heart’s blood vessels work. […] Plaque buildup in the large arteries on the hearts surface is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. […] The cause of these problems is unclear, but it may involve damage or injury to the walls of the arteries or tiny blood vessels from long-term inflammation, high blood pressure, or diabetes. […] Coronary heart disease is largely preventable. Studies show that heart-healthy living quitting smoking or never starting, eating healthy foods, and being physically active throughout life can prevent or delay coronary heart disease and its complications in most people. […] Risk factors for coronary heart disease begin in childhood. Therefore, its important to develop healthy living habits in childhood, including good nutrition and physical activity, to prevent risk factors from developing. […] Some children can develop atherosclerosis or even have a heart attack or stroke if they have a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia.

• #93 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #94 Cardiovascular disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

  Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor sleep, among other things. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6%, and obesity 5%. […] It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. […] Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide except Africa. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females.

• #95 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #96 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes and associated medical conditions

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/uncovering-causes-coronary-artery-disease

  Stress can lead to an elevation in blood pressure and heartbeat due to the production of stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline thus facilitating the development of CAD. Long term stress can also cause inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries. […] Eating a lot of foods high in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol increases blood pressure and possibly leads to CAD. Also, low dietary fiber intake which comes from vegetables and fruits leads to high cholesterol. […] Physical inactivity increases the risk of CAD by contributing to weight gain and obesity, poor vascular fitness, and inflammation. It can also result in reduced elasticity of blood vessels thus making hypertension worse. The risk of CAD can be reduced by engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week.

• #97 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #98 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Explained

  https://longmoreclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease-a-deep-dive-into-causes-and-treatments/

  Coronary Artery Disease is a condition that can be prevented or managed with lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet: Consuming a diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium can help manage CAD. Regular exercise: Regular physical activity can strengthen the heart and improve blood circulation. Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight contributes to high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Avoiding tobacco: Smoking or using other tobacco products can damage your blood vessels. Managing stress: High levels of stress can increase your risk of CAD. […] Depending on the severity, CAD can be managed through medication, non-surgical procedures, and surgical interventions: Medication: This can include drugs to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. Non-surgical procedures: Procedures like angioplasty and stenting can be used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. Surgical interventions: Coronary artery bypass surgery might be recommended in severe cases to improve blood flow to the heart.

• #99 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #100 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #101 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | SSM Health

  https://www.ssmhealth.com/services/heart-vascular/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. […] Research suggests that coronary heart disease (CHD) starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. These factors include: Smoking, High levels of certain fats and cholesterol in the blood, High blood pressure, High levels of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes.

• #102 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes and associated medical conditions

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/uncovering-causes-coronary-artery-disease

  Raised blood sugar levels can contribute to arterial damage and increase the risk of CAD. When blood sugar is consistently on the higher side, a process called glycation occurs. This is where sugar molecules attach to proteins and fats in your body. Glycation can interfere with how your cells normally function. It accelerates plaque formation in CAD. […] The development of CAD is largely influenced by genetic factors, and family history is a powerful predictor of disease vulnerability. An individual’s chance of developing CAD is greatly influenced by a similar history of CAD in the family. […] Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CAD by improving endothelial dysfunction and increasing HDL-C concentration. On the other hand, higher consumption leads to arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, hypertension and triglycerides, which raises the risk of CAD. Therefore, as a means of eliminating the adverse effects, it is extremely crucial to have moderation and balance.

• #103 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Explained

  https://longmoreclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease-a-deep-dive-into-causes-and-treatments/

  Coronary Artery Disease is a condition that can be prevented or managed with lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet: Consuming a diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium can help manage CAD. Regular exercise: Regular physical activity can strengthen the heart and improve blood circulation. Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight contributes to high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Avoiding tobacco: Smoking or using other tobacco products can damage your blood vessels. Managing stress: High levels of stress can increase your risk of CAD. […] Depending on the severity, CAD can be managed through medication, non-surgical procedures, and surgical interventions: Medication: This can include drugs to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. Non-surgical procedures: Procedures like angioplasty and stenting can be used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. Surgical interventions: Coronary artery bypass surgery might be recommended in severe cases to improve blood flow to the heart.

• #104

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Sleep apnea is often associated with high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and heart failure. […] If a family member has or had heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk for coronary artery disease. […] As you get older, your risk of heart disease increases. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in preventing coronary artery disease.

• #105 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Explained

  https://longmoreclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease-a-deep-dive-into-causes-and-treatments/

  CAD is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor the progression of the disease, adjust treatment plans, and address any new symptoms or concerns. […] Public education about CAD is critical to prevent the onset and progression of the disease. Increased awareness can help people recognize the early signs of CAD and seek medical attention promptly, possibly preventing severe consequences such as heart attacks. Education initiatives should focus on promoting heart-healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, refraining from tobacco use, and effectively managing stress. […] Healthcare providers play a crucial role in managing CAD. They are responsible for diagnosing the condition, determining its severity, and developing a comprehensive treatment plan. They also play an instrumental role in patient education, helping patients understand their condition, medication, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of follow-up care.

• #106 Coronary Heart Disease – Causes and Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/causes

  Coronary heart disease may have more than one cause, including plaque buildup or problems that affect how the heart’s blood vessels work. […] Plaque buildup in the large arteries on the hearts surface is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. […] The cause of these problems is unclear, but it may involve damage or injury to the walls of the arteries or tiny blood vessels from long-term inflammation, high blood pressure, or diabetes. […] Coronary heart disease is largely preventable. Studies show that heart-healthy living quitting smoking or never starting, eating healthy foods, and being physically active throughout life can prevent or delay coronary heart disease and its complications in most people. […] Risk factors for coronary heart disease begin in childhood. Therefore, its important to develop healthy living habits in childhood, including good nutrition and physical activity, to prevent risk factors from developing. […] Some children can develop atherosclerosis or even have a heart attack or stroke if they have a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia.

• #107

  https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/understanding-coronary-artery-disease-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-30540.html

  Early detection of Coronary Artery Disease is crucial for preventing serious complications, such as heart attacks and heart failure. Regular screening and awareness of risk factors can lead to timely interventions. Individuals with a family history of heart disease, those experiencing symptoms, or those with multiple risk factors should consider routine check-ups and discuss with healthcare providers about appropriate tests. Blood tests to measure cholesterol levels, as well as imaging tests like CT angiography, can help identify early signs of atherosclerosis before symptoms become severe. The earlier CAD is detected, the more effective the treatment strategies. […] Coronary Artery Disease is a complex condition that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and adopting heart-healthy lifestyles, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing CAD.

• #108 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #109 Coronary Artery Disease Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment | SJPP

  https://www.sjpp.org/heart-and-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease-also-myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-blockages/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by a build-up of plaque in the walls of the arteries of the heart, causing them to narrow over time. This build-up, called atherosclerosis, can block the flow of blood to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack (myocardial infarction). […] Your cardiologist may recommend lifestyle changes such as losing weight, stopping smoking, eating more healthfully and beginning an exercise program. Other treatments may also be necessary, such as medications to lower cholesterol or thin the blood to prevent clotting, angioplasty and stent placement. […] A variety of drugs may be used to treat CAD. They include: Statins help lower high cholesterol. Aspirin and other blood thinners help reduce blood clots. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Other medications help control chest pain and prevent the progression of CAD.

• #110 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #111 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #112 Coronary Artery Disease Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment | SJPP

  https://www.sjpp.org/heart-and-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease-also-myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-blockages/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by a build-up of plaque in the walls of the arteries of the heart, causing them to narrow over time. This build-up, called atherosclerosis, can block the flow of blood to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack (myocardial infarction). […] Your cardiologist may recommend lifestyle changes such as losing weight, stopping smoking, eating more healthfully and beginning an exercise program. Other treatments may also be necessary, such as medications to lower cholesterol or thin the blood to prevent clotting, angioplasty and stent placement. […] A variety of drugs may be used to treat CAD. They include: Statins help lower high cholesterol. Aspirin and other blood thinners help reduce blood clots. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Other medications help control chest pain and prevent the progression of CAD.

• #113 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/

  Coronary artery disease can’t be completely prevented or avoided. This is because everyone develops some degree of CAD as we age. However, you can reduce your risks for getting the disease by: Quitting smoking. Nicotine raises your blood pressure, which contributes to coronary artery disease. Controlling your high blood pressure. Take your blood pressure medicine and follow a diet that helps lower your blood pressure. Eating healthy. Choose fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, and whole grains. Try to avoid processed foods, white flour, sugars, and high fructose corn syrup. The Mediterranean Diet is very good for heart health. […] Most people who have coronary artery disease take medicine to help control their condition. Medicines called beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates also can help relieve angina. Taking low-dose aspirin daily can reduce the chance of a second heart attack in people who have already had one. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors help lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. Statins reduce the LDL cholesterol level in your blood. Your doctor will tell you whether you should take any of these medicines.

• #114 Coronary Artery Disease Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment | SJPP

  https://www.sjpp.org/heart-and-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease-also-myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-blockages/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by a build-up of plaque in the walls of the arteries of the heart, causing them to narrow over time. This build-up, called atherosclerosis, can block the flow of blood to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack (myocardial infarction). […] Your cardiologist may recommend lifestyle changes such as losing weight, stopping smoking, eating more healthfully and beginning an exercise program. Other treatments may also be necessary, such as medications to lower cholesterol or thin the blood to prevent clotting, angioplasty and stent placement. […] A variety of drugs may be used to treat CAD. They include: Statins help lower high cholesterol. Aspirin and other blood thinners help reduce blood clots. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Other medications help control chest pain and prevent the progression of CAD.

• #115 Coronary Artery Disease Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment | SJPP

  https://www.sjpp.org/heart-and-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease-also-myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-blockages/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by a build-up of plaque in the walls of the arteries of the heart, causing them to narrow over time. This build-up, called atherosclerosis, can block the flow of blood to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack (myocardial infarction). […] Your cardiologist may recommend lifestyle changes such as losing weight, stopping smoking, eating more healthfully and beginning an exercise program. Other treatments may also be necessary, such as medications to lower cholesterol or thin the blood to prevent clotting, angioplasty and stent placement. […] A variety of drugs may be used to treat CAD. They include: Statins help lower high cholesterol. Aspirin and other blood thinners help reduce blood clots. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Other medications help control chest pain and prevent the progression of CAD.

• #116 Coronary Artery Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564304/

  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Etiologic factors can be broadly categorized into nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. […] In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to eat more fast foods and unhealthy meals, which has paved the way for the increased prevalence of IHD. […] Smoking remains the number one cause of cardiovascular disease. […] Men are more predisposed to CAD than women. Hypercholesterolemia remains an important modifiable risk factor for CAD. Increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) raise CAD risk, and elevated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) decrease CAD incidence.

• #117

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Certain foods can increase your risk of plaque buildup. […] Obesity is also linked to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, which are all significant risk factors for coronary artery disease. […] Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. And its a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. […] While stress alone isnt considered a root cause of coronary artery disease, chronic stress can increase your overall risk. […] Several conditions can increase your risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nearly half of all Americans have one of the three major risk factors for coronary artery disease: smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component in plaque. […] Diabetes is also a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.

• #118 Coronary Heart Disease – Causes and Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/causes

  Coronary heart disease may have more than one cause, including plaque buildup or problems that affect how the heart’s blood vessels work. […] Plaque buildup in the large arteries on the hearts surface is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. […] The cause of these problems is unclear, but it may involve damage or injury to the walls of the arteries or tiny blood vessels from long-term inflammation, high blood pressure, or diabetes. […] Coronary heart disease is largely preventable. Studies show that heart-healthy living quitting smoking or never starting, eating healthy foods, and being physically active throughout life can prevent or delay coronary heart disease and its complications in most people. […] Risk factors for coronary heart disease begin in childhood. Therefore, its important to develop healthy living habits in childhood, including good nutrition and physical activity, to prevent risk factors from developing. […] Some children can develop atherosclerosis or even have a heart attack or stroke if they have a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia.

• #119 Coronary Artery Disease – Coronary Heart Disease | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary heart disease is a common term for the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries that could lead to heart attack or ischemic stroke. But what about coronary artery disease? Is there a difference? […] However, coronary heart disease, or CHD, is actually a result of coronary artery disease, or CAD. […] The traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease are high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, smoking and obesity. In men, the risk increases after age 45. In women, the risk increases after 55. […] Research shows that children and youth are increasingly at risk for CAD. So, preventive measures taken early in life can have greater lifetime benefits. Healthy lifestyles will delay the progression of CAD, and there is hope that it can be improved before it causes further health problems. […] Living a healthy lifestyle that combines good nutrition, weight management and getting plenty of physical activity can play a big role in avoiding CAD.

• #120

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/coronary-artery-disease-program/causes

  Sleep apnea is often associated with high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and heart failure. […] If a family member has or had heart disease or another heart condition, it increases your risk for coronary artery disease. […] As you get older, your risk of heart disease increases. […] Knowing your risk factors is the first step in preventing coronary artery disease.

• #121 Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Explained

  https://longmoreclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease-a-deep-dive-into-causes-and-treatments/

  CAD is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor the progression of the disease, adjust treatment plans, and address any new symptoms or concerns. […] Public education about CAD is critical to prevent the onset and progression of the disease. Increased awareness can help people recognize the early signs of CAD and seek medical attention promptly, possibly preventing severe consequences such as heart attacks. Education initiatives should focus on promoting heart-healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, refraining from tobacco use, and effectively managing stress. […] Healthcare providers play a crucial role in managing CAD. They are responsible for diagnosing the condition, determining its severity, and developing a comprehensive treatment plan. They also play an instrumental role in patient education, helping patients understand their condition, medication, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of follow-up care.

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