Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Liver problems – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374507

  Treatment for liver disease depends on the diagnosis. Some liver problems can be treated with lifestyle changes. These might include losing weight or not drinking alcohol. These changes often are part of a medical program that includes watching liver function. […] Other liver problems may be treated with medicines or surgery. […] Liver disease that causes liver failure may need a liver transplant.

• #2 Liver Disease: Signs & Symptoms, Causes, Stages, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17179-liver-disease

  There are many types of liver disease. Some of the most common types are treatable with diet and lifestyle changes, while others may require lifelong medication to manage. If you begin treatment early enough, you can often prevent permanent damage. But you may not have symptoms in the early stages. Late-stage liver disease is more complicated to treat. […] Some types of liver diseases have specific medical treatments. For example, antivirals treat viral hepatitis, while corticosteroids and immunosuppressants treat autoimmune diseases. But in many cases, lifestyle changes are the primary treatment for liver disease. Reducing the toxic load on your liver is important with any type of liver disease, but essential for those caused by excess fat storage, alcohol or other toxins. […] However, early recognition is key to treating liver disease effectively before permanent damage is done. Unfortunately, not everyone discovers liver disease in time to reverse its course. If you already have cirrhosis or liver failure, you might need additional treatments for complications like portal hypertension or liver cancer. Your liver might not be able to recover, and you might eventually need a liver transplant.

• #3 Cirrhosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351492

  Treatment for cirrhosis depends on the cause and extent of liver damage. The goals of treatment are to slow the progression of scar tissue in the liver and to prevent or treat symptoms and complications of cirrhosis. For severe liver damage, hospitalization may be needed. […] In early cirrhosis, it may be possible to minimize damage to the liver by treating the underlying cause. The options include: Treatment for alcohol dependency. People with cirrhosis caused by excessive alcohol use should try to stop drinking. If stopping alcohol use is difficult, a healthcare professional may recommend a treatment program for alcohol addiction. For people with cirrhosis, it is very important to stop drinking since any amount of alcohol is toxic to the liver. […] Medicines to control hepatitis. Medicines may limit further damage to liver cells caused by hepatitis B or C through specific treatment of these viruses.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/treatment/

  Successful treatment for alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) often depends on whether someone is willing to stop drinking alcohol and make changes to their lifestyle. […] Treatment for ARLD involves stopping drinking alcohol. This is known as abstinence, which can be vital depending on what stage the condition is at. […] If you have a more serious form of ARLD (alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis) lifelong abstinence is recommended. […] This is because stopping drinking is the only way to prevent your liver damage getting worse and potentially stop you dying of liver disease. […] Nevertheless, if you have alcohol-related cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis and do not stop drinking, no medical or surgical treatment can prevent liver failure. […] Once you have stopped drinking, you may need further treatment to help ensure you do not start drinking again.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/treatment/

  The first treatment usually offered is psychological therapy. […] If psychological therapy alone is not effective, you may also need medicine to help you abstain from alcohol, such as: acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone. […] For people with severe alcoholic hepatitis, treatment in hospital may be necessary. […] Specific treatment with corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation of the liver in some people with this condition. […] A liver transplant is currently the only way to cure irreversible liver failure.

• #5 Treatment for Cirrhosis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis/treatment

  Doctors do not have specific treatments that can cure cirrhosis and reverse damage to the liver. However, treating the causes of cirrhosis may prevent cirrhosis or slow the liver damage. Treating the complications of cirrhosis may keep them from getting worse and prevent liver failure. […] To treat the causes of cirrhosis, doctors often recommend lifestyle changes or prescribe medicines to prevent more liver damage. […] For people who have alcohol-associated liver disease, or damage to the liver and its function from drinking too much alcohol, doctors will recommend that they completely stop drinking alcohol and may refer them for alcohol treatment. […] To treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), doctors may recommend weight loss. […] To treat a chronic, or long-term, infection of the hepatitis C virus, doctors may prescribe one or more antiviral medicines that attack the virus.

• #5 Treatment for Cirrhosis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis/treatment

  To treat a chronic infection of the hepatitis B virus, doctors may prescribe antiviral medicines that slow or stop the virus from further damaging your liver. […] Doctors treat autoimmune hepatitis with medicines that suppress, or decrease the activity of, the immune system. […] Doctors usually treat diseases that damage, destroy, or block bile ducts using medicines or medical procedures to open bile ducts that have become narrow or blocked. […] Treatment of inherited liver diseases depends on the disease. Treatments may help prevent, improve, or manage symptoms and complications such as cirrhosis. […] If taking certain medicines causes cirrhosis, the only treatment is usually to stop taking the medicines that caused the problem. […] Treatments for the complications of cirrhosis may include the following.

• #5 Treatment for Cirrhosis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis/treatment

  Doctors treat portal hypertension with medicines to lower high blood pressure in the portal vein. […] To treat ascites, doctors may prescribe medicines that remove fluid from the body. […] To treat swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet called edema, doctors may prescribe medicines that remove fluid from the body. […] To treat varices, doctors may prescribe medicines to lower the blood pressure in the veins. […] Doctors may prescribe medicines that help lower the levels of toxins in the brain and improve brain function. […] Doctors will prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. […] For people who develop liver cancer, doctors may treat the cancer with medical procedures that remove or destroy cancer cells, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] The only treatment for liver failure is a liver transplant. […] Doctors may treat other complications through changes in medicines, diet, or physical activity. […] Doctors will consider a liver transplant when cirrhosis leads to liver failure. Doctors consider liver transplants only after they have ruled out all other treatment options.

• #6 A therapy for liver disease that you can do at home | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

  https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/health-and-illness/liver-cirrhosis-nutritional-therapy/nutritional-therapy/

  Liver cirrhosis nutritional therapy […] A therapy for liver disease that you can do at home […] Nutritional condition determines the prognosis of liver cirrhosis […] Taking a late evening snack is a simple measure to help prevent liver cirrhosis […] In addition to the low protein diet + BCAA intake discussed here, there are low protein diets to help prevent encephalitis, meals that contain a lot of dietary fiber (such as vegetables and seaweed) to prevent constipation, and sodium-restricted diets to prevent ascites (an accumulation of fluid around the abdomen) and swelling […] Muscles are also known as the secondary liver because, like the liver, they function to carry out ammonia detoxification and energy production […] It is recommended to maintain a healthy light-exercise routine, such as going for regular walks

• #7 Liver Disease: Types of Liver Problems, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-diseases

  Liver disease is a general term that refers to any condition affecting your liver. […] Read on to learn about the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment of liver disease. […] Many liver diseases are chronic, meaning they last for years and may never go away. But even chronic liver diseases can usually be managed. […] For some people, lifestyle changes are enough to control symptoms. These might include: limiting alcohol, maintaining a moderate weight, drinking more water, adopting a liver-friendly diet that includes plenty of fiber while avoiding unhealthy fats, refined sugar, and salt. […] Depending on the specific liver condition you have, your doctor may recommend other dietary changes. […] Depending on the condition affecting your liver, you may also need medical treatment, such as: antiviral drugs to treat hepatitis, steroids to lower liver inflammation, blood pressure medication, antibiotics, medications to target specific symptoms, such as itchy skin, vitamins and supplements to boost liver health.

• #8 Cirrhosis: Common medication for the management of liver disease | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-services/gastroenterology-hepatology/gastroenterology-hepatology-patient-information/cirrhosis-common-medication-management-liver-disease

  Spironolactone and Furosemide are also known as diuretics. These medicines help the body get rid of excess fluid. […] Antibiotics such as co-trimoxazole fluid building up in the tummy (ascites) can become infected; antibiotics can be used to help treat the infection or may be used in lower doses to prevent infection. […] Propranolol and carvedilol known as beta blockers, reduce the risk of bleeding by helping to lower the high blood pressure in the main vein that takes blood to the liver (portal hypertension) and can help to reduce the risk or severity of bleeding. […] Prednisolone steroids can help to reduce inflammation in the liver. […] Thiamine vitamin B supplement helps prevent toxins building up in the body due to the liver failing and supplement for vitamin B deficiency. […] Sanatogen A-Z or Forceval multivitamins which help to provide support for vitamin deficiency.

• #8 Cirrhosis: Common medication for the management of liver disease | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-services/gastroenterology-hepatology/gastroenterology-hepatology-patient-information/cirrhosis-common-medication-management-liver-disease

  This information is for patients starting or have already started taking medication to help manage your liver. This page has information on the common medication used in the management of liver disease. […] The aim of treatment is to stop the cirrhosis getting any worse and to treat any disabling or life threatening complications. […] For the management of cirrhosis, there can be different medication prescribed depending on your condition. This leaflet highlights the most common medication that can be used. You may be prescribed one or more of the medicines discussed in this leaflet. […] Lactulose is a sweet syrup-like medicine. It is a laxative which helps the body to remove toxins that can build up when the liver is failing. […] Rifaximin – helps to prevent infections and remove toxins from building up in the body when the liver is failing.

• #9

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/treatment/

  The first treatment usually offered is psychological therapy. […] If psychological therapy alone is not effective, you may also need medicine to help you abstain from alcohol, such as: acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone. […] For people with severe alcoholic hepatitis, treatment in hospital may be necessary. […] Specific treatment with corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation of the liver in some people with this condition. […] A liver transplant is currently the only way to cure irreversible liver failure.

• #10 Cirrhosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/

  Cirrhosis cannot be cured, but there are treatments that can help slow it down or stop it getting worse. […] This usually involves treating the cause, for example, antiviral medicines if it’s caused by hepatitis B or C. […] You usually also have treatment to help prevent and treat complications of cirrhosis. This may include: laxative medicine to help remove toxins from your body, medicines such as beta blockers to reduce bleeding, medicine to make you pee more and help reduce swelling, antibiotics to help treat or prevent infections and treat internal bleeding, treatment for weakened bones, a liver transplant, if your cirrhosis is very severe. […] It’s also strongly recommended to make healthy lifestyle changes, including to stop drinking alcohol. […] You’ll be supported by different healthcare professionals. This may include a liver specialist (hepatologist), digestive system specialist (gastroenterologist), nutrition specialists (nutritionist or dietician), and alcohol support services.

• #11 New drug shows promise for liver disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/gastrointestinal-articles/2024/march/masld-drug-clinical-trial

  Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can cause harmful scarring in the liver. For some clinical trial participants, the drug resmetirom improved this scarring or slowed its progression. […] Fortunately, that may be about to change. Researchers at the University of Chicago Medicine contributed to a recent clinical trial of a medication that showed promise in both improving fibrosis and managing associated metabolic imbalances that can lead to cardiovascular issues and other health concerns. […] The new drug, resmetirom, was initially developed as a medication for lowering the levels of unhealthy lipids in the body such as cholesterol. But scientists, physicians and pharmaceutical experts realized that it had the potential to treat the metabolic issues that lie at the heart of MASLD and drive disease progression to fibrosis and other negative outcomes.

• #11 New drug shows promise for liver disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/gastrointestinal-articles/2024/march/masld-drug-clinical-trial

  This study demonstrated for the first time in a drug with a good side effect profile improvement in fibrosis and less disease progression, Rinella said. […] In the recent trial, the researchers found that resmetirom not only improved fibrosis and inflammation in the liver for some patients but also improved lipid levels for some patients. […] Since patients who responded favorably to the drug not only showed improvement in existing fibrosis but also a significant reduction in the underlying metabolic engine that drives fibrosis, Rinella said the researchers expect those patients to have fewer of the downstream complications normally associated with liver disease. […] The trial has been extended so the researchers can gather even more data about the drugs impact on longer-term, liver-related outcomes.

• #11 New drug shows promise for liver disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/gastrointestinal-articles/2024/march/masld-drug-clinical-trial

  In light of the dearth of treatments for liver disease, the FDA had previously outlined an accelerated approval pathway for drugs that achieved specific biological improvements or reductions in negative clinical outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of MASLD. Based on the reported results of the trial, Rinella and her colleagues are hopeful that resmetirom will become available in the clinic very soon. […] Rinella also emphasized that the primary treatment for MASLD is still intervention with dietary therapy and behavior modification. […] That needs to be part of the overall approach, regardless of possible drug options, she said. […] Now that there might be a drug that could reverse some liver damage and prevent future damage, she said it will be important for clinicians to work even harder to identify those asymptomatic patients.

• #12 FDA Approves First Treatment for Patients with Liver Scarring Due to Fatty Liver Disease | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-patients-liver-scarring-due-fatty-liver-disease

  Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Rezdiffra (resmetirom) for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with moderate to advanced liver scarring (fibrosis), to be used along with diet and exercise. […] Todays approval of Rezdiffra will, for the first time, provide a treatment option for these patients, in addition to diet and exercise. […] Rezdiffra is a partial activator of a thyroid hormone receptor; activation of this receptor by Rezdiffra in the liver reduces liver fat accumulation. […] At 12 months, liver biopsies showed that a greater proportion of subjects who were treated with Rezdiffra achieved NASH resolution or an improvement in liver scarring as compared with those who received the placebo. […] A total of 26% to 27% of subjects who received 80 milligrams of Rezdiffra and 24% to 36% of subjects who received 100 milligrams of Rezdiffra experienced NASH resolution and no worsening of liver scarring, compared to 9% to 13% of those who received placebo and counseling on diet and exercise.

• #13

  https://newsroom.uw.edu/blog/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-resmetirom

  Resmetirom has the potential to address a significant unmet medical need, she added, as current treatments have limited effectiveness and MASH’s global prevalence is growing amid increasing rates of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. […] In addition, there hasn’t been a specific treatment until now that targets the liver and the scarring, she said. […] Resmetirom works by targeting specific thyroid hormone receptors involved in regulating fat metabolism in the liver and does so without affecting thyroid hormone levels elsewhere in the body. […] The drug, Carr noted, tells receptors in the liver to start breaking down fat, although it’s unclear just how it also reduces scarring and inflammation.

• #14 New cell therapy shows progress in treating advanced liver disease | Institute for Regeneration and Repair

  https://regeneration-repair.ed.ac.uk/news-and-stories/news/new-cell-therapy-progress-treating-liver-disease

  A new type of cell therapy to treat patients with liver scarring, or cirrhosis, shows promise of being the first medical treatment for this common and lethal condition. […] The innovative new approach to treating cirrhosis uses macrophage immune cells the cells associated with tissue repair derived from the patients own cells. […] The results indicate the treatment might help delay the need for a liver transplant, which is currently the only treatment option available to patients with advanced liver disease, but is a highly invasive procedure severely limited by organ availability, patient eligibility and complex aftercare. […] This trial shows the treatment is well tolerated, and is associated with reducing the clinical complications in patients with end-stage liver disease. […] The results of this trial of a novel macrophage cell therapy show great promise and if successfully built upon should provide lasting benefit for patients with chronic liver disease, an area of significant and unmet clinical need.

• #14 New cell therapy shows progress in treating advanced liver disease | Institute for Regeneration and Repair

  https://regeneration-repair.ed.ac.uk/news-and-stories/news/new-cell-therapy-progress-treating-liver-disease

  We are cautiously optimistic that we can bring hope to patients with this neglected condition. […] An initial smaller study led by Professor Forbes in 2019, MATCH Phase 1, showed the treatment was well tolerated, exhibiting none of the side effects commonly observed with immune cell therapy treatments. […] The next stage of the trial will measure whether the therapy helps the liver to reduce scarring and stimulate regeneration. […] The safety trial is a vital step forward in finding an alternative therapy. […] If this was found to be effective it would offer a new way to tackle this important condition. […] This has the potential to provide long-lasting treatments for major and often untreatable health problems, such as liver cirrhosis. […] This new innovative approach is an exciting development and could in the future reduce the need for transplantation.

• #15 About Us | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/liver-diseases/about

  Led clinical trials that enabled Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a new class of drugs for hepatitis C that has a 95 percent cure rate. […] Our hepatitis C specialists provide innovative treatments for hepatitis C. […] For other conditions, such as hepatitis B, we can suppress the disease completely with medication and we are working hard on clinical trials that may lead to a “cure” of hepatitis B. […] Regardless of your age, gender, or level of activity, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are critical to preserving your liver function and preventing liver failure. […] For NAFLD or NASH, we can apply the most advanced techniques of diagnosis and management, which are changing rapidly.

• #16 Liver Disease Treatment: Medication, Transplant & More

  https://www.health.com/liver-disease-treatment-8706746

  There are no medical treatments for NAFLD. Treatment focuses on weight management and lifestyle changes that can help prevent or reverse liver damage (in the early stages). […] Healthcare providers may treat chronic (long-term) hepatitis B with oral (taken by mouth) antiviral medications, such as Baraclude (entecavir), Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide), or Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), to help suppress the virus and prevent further liver damage. […] Complete abstinence from alcohol is crucial with any form of alcohol-associated liver disease. Discontinuing drinking can prevent further liver damage and may improve liver function over time. […] High-dose corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) are a first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis. They help reduce liver inflammation and suppress the immune system to promote healing.

• #17 Liver Disease Patients Dramatically Improve Thanks to New Approach | UC San Francisco

  https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/03/429671/liver-disease-patients-dramatically-improve-thanks-new-approach

  Damaged human livers can repair themselves. Even livers badly scarred from excessive alcohol use, including alcohol-related hepatitis and cirrhosis, have the potential to improve with a treatment plan that includes medication, abstinence and emotional support. […] HALT patients meet with both Sherman and Martinez. Sherman first addresses the condition of their liver and how best to manage their liver-related complications in addition to their alcohol intake. Sherman discusses all treatment options, including a potential liver transplant if appropriate. […] All HALT patients are also offered an optional visit with Triveni Defries, MD, an addiction medicine expert who, if needed, can prescribe medications to control patients cravings and withdrawals. […] Studies show that an integrated program of pharmacologic and mental health is most effective in healing a patients liver damaged from Alcohol Use Disorder, Sherman said. […] Alcohol is toxic to the liver. If you remove the toxin, the liver can heal, she said.

• #18 How Do I Manage Alcohol Use Disorder in Hepatology Clinic? | AASLD

  https://www.aasld.org/liver-fellow-network/core-series/clinical-pearls/how-do-i-manage-alcohol-use-disorder-hepatology

  The majority of the evidence base for medical treatment of AUD is derived from studies of patients without known underlying liver disease. As such, the safety profile and pharmacodynamics of some of these medications are not well-understood in patients with cirrhosis. […] Baclofen is a GABAB agonist and although not FDA-approved for the treatment of AUD, is the most well-studied medication for treating AUD in patients with ALD. Since the first randomized trial was published in 2007, which demonstrated significant improvement in alcohol abstinence in patients with cirrhosis, other studies have supported its use. […] Acamprosate is an FDA-approved medication for treatment of AUD. Although renally metabolized with no known hepatoxicity, this medication had not been formally studied in patients with ALD or cirrhosis until 2021, when Tyson et al performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis who were prescribed baclofen or acamprosate for AUD.

• #19 UCF Physicians Find Alternative Treatment Option for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease | University of Central Florida News

  https://www.ucf.edu/news/ucf-physicians-find-alternative-treatment-option-for-alcohol-related-liver-disease/

  A commonly prescribed pain reliever could help patients with liver damage from alcohol use disorder, UCF research shows. […] Two UCF-trained physicians who are dedicating their careers to addiction medicine and digestive health are receiving national attention for their discovery that an off-label medicine could help patients with alcohol-related liver disease. […] Raj Shah and Richard Henriquez found that gabapentinoids, a family of drugs used to prevent seizures and commonly used for nerve pain, reduced alcohol withdrawal symptoms and slowed the progressions of liver disease better than another FDA-approved drug for alcohol use disorder. […] The physicians found that a statistically significant 15.8% of patients on Acamprosate advanced to severe liver disease, including scarring, cirrhosis, alcohol hepatitis or liver cancer, compared with 13.4% of the veterans taking gabapentin.

• #19 UCF Physicians Find Alternative Treatment Option for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease | University of Central Florida News

  https://www.ucf.edu/news/ucf-physicians-find-alternative-treatment-option-for-alcohol-related-liver-disease/

  For patients with pre-existing liver disease, 30.4% of those taking acamprosate saw their liver disease worsen, compared with 25.8% of those on gabapentin. […] The physician researchers hope that their findings will encourage more doctors to consider using gabapentinoids to treat patients with alcohol use dependency before they suffer significant liver damage. […] Gabapentin treats pain by soothing the nervous system. As such, it may address mental health issues such as anxiety that can lead patients to drink heavily and subsequently damage their livers, Shah told media at the national conference. […] If we’re able to, with gabapentin, kill two birds with one stone able to treat their pains as well as their alcohol use disorder then it’s warranted, using gabapentin versus just using acamprosate, he says. […] Both researchers said more studies are needed to replicate their findings. They emphasize that physicians should not conclude that gabapentinoids are better than other FDA-approved drugs to treat alcohol use disorder, only that it is another option for patients and providers.

• #20 Cirrhosis of the Liver: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/understanding-cirrhosis-basic-information

  Cirrhosis isn’t curable, but its treatable. Doctors have two main goals in treating this disease: to stop the damage to your liver and prevent complications. Your doctor will personalize your treatment based on what caused your cirrhosis and how much liver damage you have. […] Treatments for hepatitis can help prevent liver damage. For hepatitis C, there are antiviral treatments that lead to a cure in the vast majority of people. […] The best way to combat a non-alcohol-related cause of liver damage is to lose excess weight with the help of diet and exercise. […] In March 2024, the FDA approved a drug to help treat MASH. It is called resmetirom (Rezdiffra). This is used for some people with MASH in combination with diet and exercise. […] Doctors treat autoimmune hepatitis with steroid drugs and other medicines that stop the immune system from attacking the liver.

• #20 Cirrhosis of the Liver: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/understanding-cirrhosis-basic-information

  The main treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis is to slow liver damage with the drug ursodiol (Actigall, Urso). […] Treatments are available for many of the main complications of cirrhosis: […] Your doctor can treat symptoms such as fatigue and itching with medications. Dietary supplements can address malnutrition due to cirrhosis and help to prevent weak bones. […] In a transplant, your damaged liver is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. […] You generally can’t reverse the damage that cirrhosis does to your liver. But with a prompt diagnosis and treatment for the issue that’s causing your cirrhosis, you can protect against further damage. […] Depending on the cause of the cirrhosis, there can actually be improvement if you take away the offending agent, Su says. For example, we know that if the cause is hepatitis B or C, there is a lot of evidence that your liver disease can improve if you get rid of the virus. Similarly, with alcohol, there is significant improvement when you stop.

• #21 The best medications for fatty liver: Research and FAQs

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-fatty-liver

  Lifestyle changes are the primary treatment for fatty liver disease. However, medications including insulin sensitizers and lipid-lowering drugs can help to treat the disease. […] Diagnosis and treatment at early stages may help reverse some liver damage and inflammation. […] The following medications may also be effective against fatty liver disease: Insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering drugs, pentoxifylline, angiotensin receptor blockers, and steroids. […] Lifestyle changes, including the pursuit of weight loss, are the main treatment approach doctors recommend for NAFLD. […] A 2020 review indicates that vitamin E supplementation may also help treat NAFLD in adults. […] Bariatric surgery may help improve NAFLD in people with obesity. […] Liver transplantation is the only option for people with liver failure.

• #22 Chronic Liver Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554597/

  Liver transplant is a curative treatment in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. […] Treatment modalities include norepinephrine or terlipressin with albumin infusion or midodrine, octreotide with albumin infusion. […] Treatment is based on the Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system in the management of HCC. […] Continuous viral suppression with nucleoside and nucleotide analogs. […] Alcohol abstinence. […] Treatment of metabolic syndrome components. […] Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. […] Phlebotomy, iron-chelators. […] Copper chelators. […] Transplant. […] Identify and stop the factor. […] Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). […] Anticoagulation, thrombolysis or angioplasty with or without stenting, TIPS, or liver transplant.

• #23 Cirrhosis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1215/p759.html

  Patients with clinically apparent (i.e., moderate to severe) ascites should be managed with salt restriction and spironolactone with or without loop diuretics. […] Patients with cirrhosis who have medium, large, or high-risk varices (red wale markings) should be treated with nonselective beta blockers and/or endoscopic band ligation for primary prevention of variceal bleeds. […] Persistent hepatic encephalopathy that does not respond to conservative measures should be treated with lactulose and/or rifaximin. […] Oral antibiotic prophylaxis against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis should be initiated in patients with a history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or ascitic fluid protein 1.5 g per dL (15 g per L) and advanced liver disease (Child-Pugh score 9 or bilirubin 3 mg per dL) or kidney disease (serum creatinine 1.2 mg per dL, serum sodium 130 per mmol per L). […] Treatment of alcohol use disorder, chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can prevent progression and complications of liver disease and can improve fibrosis levels, even in patients with cirrhosis.

• #23 Cirrhosis: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1215/p759.html

  Cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. […] When clinical signs, symptoms, or abnormal liver function tests are discovered, further evaluation should be pursued promptly. […] Chronic liver disease management includes directed counseling, laboratory testing, and ultrasound monitoring. Treatment goals are preventing cirrhosis, decompensation, and death. […] Ascites treatment includes diuresis, salt restriction, and antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, when indicated. […] Hepatic encephalopathy is managed with lifestyle and nutritional modifications and, as needed, with lactulose and rifaximin. […] All patients with cirrhosis should be evaluated for hepatocellular carcinoma with ultrasonography every six months. […] Patients with cirrhosis who have a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 15 or more, or complications of cirrhosis that include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal hemorrhage, should be referred to a transplant center.

• #24 Treatment – American Liver Foundation

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/treatment/

  A team of medical doctors who are experts in different areas of liver cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment will help to develop the best treatment plan for you. […] Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) relieves the high blood pressure in the portal vein (called portal hypertension) that often occurs in the setting of liver cirrhosis.

• #25 Cirrhosis Treatment – Eau Claire – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/eau-claire/services-and-treatments/gastroenterology-and-hepatology/digestive-disorders/cirrhosis

  Cirrhosis Treatment in Eau Claire […] Treatment includes: […] Alcohol abstinence Avoid all alcohol use. […] Optimize nutritional status Many cirrhotic patients are malnourished and may have some vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Sodium (salt) restriction is often recommended. […] Medications Based on presenting symptoms, signs and complications, medications may be prescribed, including diuretics for ascites and edema; a beta blocker drug to decrease the pressure in the portal vein (vein that drains blood to the liver) and thus decrease the risk of variceal hemorrhage (bleeding from the esophagus); lactulose and rifaximin for management of hepatic encephalopathy (altered mental status). […] Procedures An esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or scope test, is recommended, usually every one to two years, to check for esophageal varices; a paracentesis (tap) may be done to drain abdominal fluid; an ultrasound of the liver is recommended every six months for liver cancer screening. […] Vaccinations If not immune, vaccinations against hepatitis A and B are recommended.

• #26 Alcoholic liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm

  Alcoholic liver disease is damage to the liver and its function due to alcohol abuse. […] Treatment includes lifestyle changes such as stopping drinking alcohol, eating a healthy diet that is low in salt, and getting vaccinated for diseases such as influenza, hepatitis A and hepatitis B, and pneumococcal pneumonia. […] Medicines from your doctor may include „water pills” (diuretics) to get rid of fluid buildup, vitamin K or blood products to prevent excess bleeding, medicines for mental confusion, and antibiotics for infections. […] Other treatments may involve endoscopic treatments for enlarged veins in the esophagus (esophageal varices), removal of fluid from the abdomen (paracentesis), and placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to repair blood flow in the liver.

• #27 Liver Failure – End Stage Liver Disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/liver-diseases-hepatology/liver-failure

  When your liver is failing, time is of the essence. Your treatment will depend on the cause of your liver failure. However, in many cases, the best treatment for advanced liver disease is a liver transplant. If you are considered a transplant candidate, we can get you on the waitlist faster, so you may receive an organ sooner. […] At UChicago Medicine, our liver disease team helps hundreds of patients each year with cirrhosis. We focus on controlling or slowing the progression of cirrhosis with lifestyle changes, medicines and other treatments. […] Once cirrhosis progresses to this advanced stage, the definitive treatment is a liver transplant. […] In many cases, the only treatment for a failing liver is a liver transplant. But sometimes, an acute or hereditary cause can be treated to reverse the condition.

• #27 Liver Failure – End Stage Liver Disease – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/liver-diseases-hepatology/liver-failure

  The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) is a liver dialysis machine used to perform some of the function of the liver. […] Waiting for a donor liver is not the only option available to liver failure patients. Living liver donors can give part of their healthy liver to a transplant patient and end their long wait for treatment. […] Treatment will depend on the cause of your underlying liver failure. Medications may help treat viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, acetaminophen overdoses, poisonings and other causes. If treatment is not effective, our liver specialists will evaluate you for a possible liver transplant. […] As with acute liver failure, we focus first on treating the underlying cause before considering a possible liver transplant. […] A liver with no cirrhosis can repair itself and regain normal function if treatment recommendations are followed and work. Treatment often involves adopting healthy behaviors, such as reducing alcohol intake if you have alcoholic liver disease or losing weight if you have fatty liver disease from excess weight. […] However, once cirrhosis develops, the liver usually cannot repair itself.

• #28 Patient education: Cirrhosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cirrhosis-beyond-the-basics

  COMPLICATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS […] When it is healthy, the liver has many jobs, including filtering toxins out of the blood, breaking down certain drugs and alcohol, and making proteins that are important in clotting or digestion. Cirrhosis can lead to many complications, some of which happen because the liver is no longer able to do these jobs well, and some of which happen because blood flow through the liver is disrupted. […] LIVER TRANSPLANT FOR CIRRHOSIS […] Liver transplant involves replacing a diseased liver with a healthy liver. It is the definitive treatment for people with advanced cirrhosis. Still, not everyone with advanced cirrhosis is a good candidate for a transplant. Some of the reasons why people might not be good candidates include liver cancer that has spread outside the liver, or significant heart or lung disease. Liver transplant is a complicated, major surgery, so people undergoing the surgery need to be healthy enough to survive the surgery and recovery. What’s more, even people who are good candidates must wait for a compatible liver to be available. […] More than 80 percent of people will be alive one year after a liver transplant, and the majority of these will be alive five years after the transplant. This is compared with an extremely high death rate in patients with very advanced cirrhosis who do not receive a liver transplant.

• #29

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/digestive-health-center/conditions-we-treat/liver-disease

  Advocate Health Care’s team of liver specialists is here to help you with liver health management and provide the best care possible for liver disease. We use the latest testing and treatment options available to provide top-notch care for all types of liver disease. […] Treatment depends on the type and severity of liver disease. In some cases, lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, quitting alcohol and eating a healthy diet, may be enough to improve liver function and prevent further damage. In other cases, medication or surgery, including needing a liver transplant, may be necessary. […] The only treatment for ESLD is a liver transplant.

• #30 Liver Failure: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, Tests & More

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/digestive-diseases-liver-failure

  Medication. Acetylcysteine can reverse acute liver failure caused by an acetaminophen overdose. But you have to take it quickly. There are also medications that can reverse the effects of mushrooms or other poisons. […] Supportive care. If a virus causes liver failure, a hospital can treat your symptoms until the virus runs its course. In these cases, the liver will sometimes recover on its own. […] Liver transplant. This could mean receiving a liver from a deceased donor or a part of a liver from a live donor. A part of a healthy liver will grow to its normal size after transplant. The number of Americans waiting for a liver transplant far exceeds the number of livers available from deceased donors. […] Surgery. This involves removing the diseased part of your liver, a procedure called a liver resection, or hepatectomy. The healthy part of your liver will regrow.

• #31 Acute Liver Failure Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Airway Protection, Management of Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-treatment

  Among the liver support systems currently available, albumin dialysis using the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is the one that has been most extensively investigated. […] Clinical studies have shown that this system improves hyperbilirubinemia and encephalopathy. […] Currently available liver support systems are not routinely recommended outside of clinical trials. […] In the future, hepatocyte transplantation, which has shown dramatic results in animal models of acute liver failure, may provide long-term support, but this approach remains investigational.

• #31 Acute Liver Failure Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Airway Protection, Management of Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-treatment

  Bed rest is recommended. […] Managing fulminant hepatic failure is a team effort. […] Consultations with specialists in intensive care, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, hematology, neurology, neurosurgery, and transplantation surgery may be needed to address the myriad complex issues that can confront the medical staff. […] Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment in liver failure, but a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this article. […] For more information on liver transplantation, see the Medscape articles Liver Transplants and Pediatric Liver Transplantation. […] In selected patients for whom no allograft is immediately available, consider support with a bioartificial liver. […] This is a short-term measure that only leads to survival if the liver spontaneously recovers or is replaced.

• #32 6 Innovative Liver Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/liver-cancer/liver-cancer-treatment.html

  MD Anderson offers innovative treatments provided by some of the worlds leading liver cancer experts. Your personalized treatment plan will depend on: […] Treatments that aim to cure liver cancer are usually only used for early stage cancers. If the tumor is found at a later stage, treatment other than surgery may be used. Your team will determine the most appropriate therapy for you. […] Surgery offers patients with early stage disease the best chance for successful treatment. If all the cancer can be removed, the possibility of successful treatment is higher. […] MD Anderson has pioneered several liver cancer surgery techniques that have been adopted by clinics across the country. […] The main types of surgery for liver cancer are: […] Hepatectomy: The part of the liver with the tumor is removed.

• #32 6 Innovative Liver Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/liver-cancer/liver-cancer-treatment.html

  Liver transplant: The diseased liver is removed and replaced with a healthy liver from a donor. […] MD Anderson’s Interventional Oncology Clinic performs these treatments for liver cancer and liver metastases. […] New radiation therapy techniques allow MD Anderson doctors to target liver tumors more precisely. […] Radiation therapy options include: […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. […] Immunotherapy recruits the patients own immune system in the fight against cancer. […] Targeted therapies work by stopping or slowing the growth or spread of cancer. […] Histotripsy is a new technology that was approved in 2023 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of liver tumors. […] Histotripsy works through a process called cavitation, or the creation of air pockets in a particular substance. […] At this time, histotripsy is only approved to treat liver cancers.

• #33 Liver Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment

  There are different types of treatment for people with liver cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. […] A partial hepatectomy (surgery to remove the part of the liver where cancer is found) may be done. […] In a liver transplant, the entire liver is removed and replaced with a healthy donated liver. […] Ablation therapy removes or destroys tissue. Different types of ablation therapy are used for liver cancer: […] Embolization therapy is used for people who cannot have surgery to remove the tumor or ablation therapy and whose tumor has not spread outside the liver. […] Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses the person’s immune system to fight cancer.

• #33 Liver Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment

  External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation toward the area of the body with cancer. […] Treatment of localized liver cancer may include: surveillance for lesions smaller than 1 centimeter, partial hepatectomy (surgery to remove the part of the liver where cancer is found), liver transplant, ablation of the tumor using: radiofrequency ablation, microwave therapy, percutaneous ethanol injection, cryoablation, radiation therapy. […] Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic liver cancer may include: transarterial embolization (TAE) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in people with locally advanced liver cancer, bevacizumab, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, ramucirumab, regorafenib, or sorafenib, atezolizumab with bevacizumab or cabozantinib, durvalumab with tremelimumab, nivolumab with ipilimumab, or pembrolizumab, radiation therapy.

• #34 Treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease: Innovative approaches and a call to action | Addiction Science & Clinical Practice | Full Text

  https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13722-024-00448-8

  Overall, despite their efficacy, only 10% of those with AUD receive any form of treatment, and less than 1% of those with AUD receive any FDA-approved medications. […] The favorable numbers needed to treat for both naltrexone and acamprosate suggest that the effectiveness of these treatments is on par with the treatment for many other chronic conditions. […] Despite the strong association between alcohol intake and mortality in ALD as well as emerging evidence demonstrating the beneficial impact of AUD treatment on clinical outcomes in those with ALD, few individuals with ALD receive AUD care. […] The low levels of AUD treatment receipt among patients with ALD highlight the pressing need for new approaches to transcend these barriers and underscore the importance of emerging integrated care models for ALD and AUD. […] Integrated care models for ALD and AUD aim to facilitate or directly provide treatment for both ALD and AUD simultaneously.

• #35 Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Disease: Benefits & Risks (2025)

  https://www.dvcstem.com/post/can-stem-cells-treat-liver-disease

  Stem cell therapy is not a cure for liver cirrhosis but is being investigated as a potential treatment for liver cirrhosis. […] Stem cell therapy offers promise in treating liver cirrhosis but requires more research to be considered a cure, particularly regarding its long-term efficacy and safety. […] However, advances in stem cell treatments have created a new path toward regaining their health for patients with liver disease. […] Mesenchymal stem cell therapy may be used as an alternative treatment option. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can restore liver injury after differentiation (changing into new types of useful liver cells) and exert immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidative stress all potentially leading to organ function improvements. […] Although available data is limited and tests are still ongoing, a study ran by PubMed in 2013 used 11 clinical trials to test the use of stem cells on damaged liver patients.

• #36 Search for Affordable Treatment Option for Liver Disease < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/search-affordable-treatment-option-liver-disease/

  Metabolic-associated steatolic liver disease (MASLD previously called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) affects nearly one in three adults in the United States and worldwide. […] Until very recently, no treatment options were available for MASLD. […] In March 2024, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved resmetirom, sold under the brand name Rezdiffra, the first therapy for MASH. […] While the new proprietary drug has the potential to help many patients, there remains a need for a generic, affordable treatment option for patients with MASH, said Banini. […] Banini was recently awarded a $3.05 million R01 grant by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a five-year research project to investigate the feasibility of oral digoxin as a treatment for MASH. […] Banini identified digoxin as a potential therapy option after reviewing extensive preclinical work, including research by Xinshou Ouyang, PhD, assistant professor (digestive diseases) and Wajahat Mehal, MD, PhD, professor (digestive disease), that showed digoxin has the potential to decrease inflammation and fibrosis in the liver caused by both MASH and alcohol-associated liver disease. […] Banini is developing a single-site clinical trial to determine if digoxin reduces steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with MASH.

• #37 Get Treatment for Liver Diseases | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/liver-disease-treatment

  If your test results confirm you have liver disease, we’ll create a personalized treatment plan based on the type of liver disease you have. Your plan may include: […] Making lifestyle changes can slow or even reverse many types of liver disease. […] We use medications to treat many different liver diseases. […] If you have advanced cirrhosis or liver cancer, you may need surgery. […] Cleveland Clinic is a leader in doing transplants with a liver from a living donor. […] An early diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle changes can often help you avoid liver damage or even failure.

• #38 Understanding Liver Disease: Signs, Diagnosis, and Advanced Treatment Options

  https://allieddigestivehealth.com/liver-disease-diagnosis-and-treatment-options/

  It’s important to note that early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the outcome of liver diseases, underscoring the need for regular check-ups and consultations with healthcare professionals. […] Regular medical check-ups and following the treatment plan provided by your healthcare professional are critical to maximizing liver health and functionality.

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