Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease | Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/index.html

  To prevent spreading HFMD, wash your hands often, clean and disinfect surfaces, and avoid close contact with others. […] HFMD is very contagious. To help prevent catching or spreading HFMD: […] Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers, using the toilet, and coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. […] Help children wash their hands and keep blisters clean. […] Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and shared items, including toys and doorknobs. […] Avoid close contact with an infected person, such as hugging or kissing them. […] There is no vaccine in the United States to protect against the viruses that cause HFMD.

• #1 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Rapid Evidence Review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31573162/

  Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is transmitted by fecal-oral, oral-oral, and respiratory droplet contact. […] The best methods to prevent the spread of hand-foot-and-mouth disease are handwashing and disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces and fomites.

• #1 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1001/p408.html

  Handwashing stops the spread of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, specifically after diaper changes and toileting, and before eating. […] In China, children who always wash hands before meals were less likely to contract the disease. […] Disinfect surfaces and fomites (e.g., toys), avoiding close contact and the sharing of personal items such as utensils and cups with infected persons. […] Breastfeeding does not impact the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Mothers do not need to stop breastfeeding to prevent transmission of disease. […] There are no vaccines or chemoprophylaxis agents available to prevent hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina. […] In the United States, exclusion from childcare does not reduce the spread of the disease and is not recommended unless the child is unable to participate or staff are unable to care for the child without compromising the care of other children.

• #1 Hand-foot-and-mouth disease – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353035

  Frequent hand-washing and avoiding close contact with people who have hand-foot-and-mouth disease may help lower your child’s risk of infection. […] You can lower your child’s risk of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in many ways: […] Wash hands often. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Be sure to wash your hands after using the toilet or changing a diaper. Also, wash your hands before preparing or eating food and after blowing your nose, sneezing or coughing. When soap and water aren’t available, use hand sanitizer. […] Teach good hygiene. Show your children how to wash their hands and help them do it often. Show them how to practice overall good hygiene. Explain to them why it’s best not to put their fingers, hands or any other objects in their mouths. […] Disinfect common areas. Clean high-traffic areas and surfaces first with soap and water. Next, clean with a diluted solution of chlorine bleach and water. If you’re in a child care setting, follow a strict schedule of cleaning and disinfecting. The virus can live for days on surfaces in common areas, including on door knobs, and on shared items such as toys.

• #1 Hand-foot-and-mouth disease – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353035

  Avoid close contact. Because hand-foot-and-mouth disease is highly contagious, people with the illness should limit their exposure to others while they have symptoms. Keep children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease out of their child care setting or school until fever is gone and mouth sores have healed. If you have the illness, stay home from work.

• #1 Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Tips for preventing

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hand-foot-mouth-self-care

  Keep your hands away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. If a virus that causes HFMD is on a doorknob, toy, or other surface, you can get HFMD by touching the surface and later your face. The virus can get inside your body through your mouth, eyes, or nose. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who has HFMD. This disease often spreads when the infected person coughs or sneezes. Until you’re sure the person can no longer spread the virus to others, try to avoid getting too close, if possible. […] Disinfect counters, doorknobs, and other surfaces that people frequently touch. The virus that causes HFMD can spread from one person to another when you touch an infected surface. Disinfecting counters, doorknobs, toys, and other surfaces can help prevent the disease from spreading.

• #1 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease | Oakland County, MI

  https://www.oakgov.com/community/health/health-a-z/information-a-z/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease

  Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral illness caused by Enteroviruses (most commonly Coxsackievirus). […] There is no vaccine to protect against hand, foot and mouth disease. However, there are steps a person can take to lower their risk of becoming infected: […] Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after changing diapers and using the bathroom. […] Clean dirty surfaces and soiled items like toys and countertops with soap and water, then disinfect with a solution of once ounce of bleach to nine ounces of water. […] People should stay home while they are sick with hand, foot, and mouth disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends talking with a healthcare provider if you are not sure when you/your child should return to work, school, or daycare. […] Use a chlorine bleach solution made by adding one ounce of fresh bleach to nine ounces of water. Spray or use a cloth to apply to surfaces and let stand for 10 minutes if possible.

• #1 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  What precautions should be taken when treating or isolating children with HFMD at home? (1) Health monitoring: During the period of home isolation, parents and caregivers should observe the child’s condition. Children below 3 years old, who are infected with EV-A71 and are in the first three days of the disease, are at higher risk of developing severe conditions. If the infected child develops a sustained high fever (body temperature above 38.5 C for over 3 days) and neurological abnormalities (such as mental depression, drowsiness, irritability), it may result in severe illness, and the child should be taken to the hospital immediately for treatment. (2) Home disinfection: Clean furniture, toys and floors every day, and disinfect them using chlorine-containing disinfectant -1-2 times a week. The patient’s secretions, vomitus or excreta, as well as any contaminated items or environment, should be promptly wiped with or soaked in chlorine-containing disinfectant for 30 minutes, before wiping or rinsing thoroughly with clean water. (3) Isolation: The recommended time for home isolation is one week after all the symptoms have disappeared. During this period, the child should avoid going out, especially to kindergartens and public places, and should avoid contact with other children.

• #1 Prevention Tips for Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease – Poplarville School District

  https://poplarvilleschools.org/2019/09/26/prevention-tips-for-hand-foot-mouth-disease/

  Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common childhood virus that pediatricians, child care centers and preschools see in summer and early fall. […] How can I help prevent and control the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease? […] Teach your children to cover their mouths and noses when sneezing or coughing with a disposable tissue, if possible, or with an arm sleeve if no tissue is available. Teach everyone to wash their hands right after using tissues or having contact with mucus. Change or cover contaminated clothing. […] Wash your hands after changing diapers. Parents can spread the virus to other surfaces by coming in contact with any feces, blister fluid or saliva. […] Clean, rinse, and sanitize toys that may have come in contact with your child’s saliva. […] Prevent sharing of food, drinks, and personal items that may touch your child’s mouth, such as eating utensils, toothbrushes, and towels.

• #1 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  How can childcare institutions prevent outbreaks of HFMD? (1) Monitoring and case management. Childcare institutions should implement morning and afternoon examinations. Once children with a fever or skin infections are found, they should get medical help and be quarantined. The institution should disinfect the items and environment touched by the infected children. (2) Cleaning, ventilation and disinfection of the environment. Regularly clean and ventilate classrooms and public areas, and disinfect surfaces, such as door handles, handrails, toilets and elevator buttons. (3) Cleaning and disinfection of toys and daily necessities. Regularly clean and disinfect personal belongings, such as children’s toys, water cups, towels and tableware. (4) Education on personal hygiene. Childcare institutions should tell children to wash their hands in a timely and correct manner before meals, after using the toilet and after going out to play, and not to mix towels or water cups, among other good hygiene habits. (5) Standardization of cleaning and disinfection. Cleaning personnel at childcare institutions should take personal protective measures, prepare disinfectant correctly, standardize the cleaning and disinfection of the environment and items.

• #1 Parents’ guide to hand, foot, and mouth disease | Pediatrics | Prevention | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/medbloghand-foot-mouth-disease/

  Its also a reminder to take preventive measures against HFMD, which is highly contagious. […] The protocols for preventing the spread of HFMD are the same as many other infectious diseases: […] Wash hands frequently and thoroughly. […] Clean and disinfect shared surfaces such as doorknobs, tabletops, and chairs often. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who might be infected. […] Preventing the spread of HFMD requires awareness and vigilance from every parent and teacher. […] If your child has HFMD, notify the school or day care and keep your child at home. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends children with HFMD can return to school or child care when they have no fever, are feeling well enough to participate in class, and have no uncontrolled drooling with mouth sores.

• #1 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Coxsackie Virus A16) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-coxsackie-virus-a16

  Most children with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease do not need to stay home from child care. Exclusion may not prevent the spread because the virus can spread before or after children have symptoms, or a child with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease may not have symptoms at all. […] Practicing healthy habits can prevent Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: […] Practice good handwashing. […] Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes, contact with body fluids, and before eating or handling food. […] Wash and disinfect all objects and surfaces soiled with mucus, saliva, blister fluid, or stool. […] Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people. […] Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and then wash your hands. […] Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or toys that can be put in the mouth. […] Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #1 Epidemiological alert – Hand, foot, and mouth disease – 26 March 2025 – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/documents/epidemiological-alert-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-26-march-2025

  With the onset of the seasonal season of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in several countries and territories of the Americas Region, the Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) urges Member States to strengthen the prevention and control of hand, foot, and mouth disease, especially in children, due to their high vulnerability and the risk of serious complications in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the context of outbreaks related to enterovirus A71.

• #1 As the High Incidence Season for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Approaches, How Should We Prepare for Prevention?—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/maternal_child_healthcare/202404/t20240424_276960.html

  Avoiding Contact with Infected Individuals: Avoid hugging, sharing toys, or using the same utensils and bath products to prevent cross-infection. […] Maintaining Hand Hygiene: Good hand hygiene is essential for preventing HFMD. Children should wash their hands after touching public items, returning home from playing, before eating, and after using the toilet. Parents and caregivers should wash their hands after coming home, before preparing food, and after changing diapers or handling items contaminated with feces. Regularly wash hands with soap and water, and use a chlorine-based disinfectant after contact with an infected person or contaminated objects. […] Reducing Crowding. During periods of high HFMD transmission, avoid bringing children to crowded places with poor ventilation as these conditions facilitate the spread of the disease.

• #1 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218402-treatment

  A vaccine would be desirable, especially against the Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). […] EV71 vaccine in China was found effective in prevention, with CA16 and EV71 proportions found inversely related to the vaccination rate in Canton (Guangzhou), China. […] It may have a protective effect on the occurrence of encephalitis, which still may develop. […] Bivalent enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) vaccines may be advantageous. […] An enterovirus A71 vaccination approach utilized in part of China has been credited with HFMD reduction. […] There is no vaccine available in American or the European Union. […] A suitable mitigation strategy to minimize enterovirus transmission among children with HFMD to control severe EV epidemics may be case isolation and class suspension if more than two having an onset of HFMD in one classroom within 1 week.

• #1 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  Vaccination to prevent HFMD At the end of 2015, China’s inactivated vaccine for enterovirus 71 (EV71 vaccine) was launched. To obtain immune protection as early as possible, it is recommended that children complete the vaccination program between the age of 6 and 12 months. For children over 5 years old, it is not recommended that they receive the EV71 vaccine. […] How to prevent HFMD in daily life? (1) Maintain hand hygiene is an effective measure to prevent HFMD. Children should wash their hands with hand sanitizer or soap after touching public objects, saliva or respiratory secretions, as well as after using the toilet and before eating. Parents and caregivers should wash their hands before processing food, and after changing diapers or handling items contaminated with feces. (2) Avoid contact with sick children, avoid sharing tableware, towels or other personal items to prevent cross infection. (3) Maintain a clean home environment and ventilate rooms. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces (countertops, door handles) and children’s toys. (4) Bottles and their teats used by infants and young children, as well as tableware, should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. The diapers of infants and young children should be cleaned or disinfected in time. Do not let children drink untreated water or eat raw or cold food. (5) During the epidemic of HFMD, it is not advisable to bring children to crowded public places with poor air circulation. (6) Inoculate children with the EV71 vaccine can effectively prevent HFMD and other related diseases caused by EV-A71 infection, and significantly reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths caused by these diseases. Children aged between 6 and 12 months are encouraged to complete the entire vaccination process.

• #1 A program concerning the Hand-Foot-And-Mouth disease in South East Asia | Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/international/international-programs/program-concerning-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-south-east-asia

  The infection called „hand-foot-mouth” (HFMD) is a viral disease that mainly affects children under 5 years. […] To date, there is no specific treatment for this disease. […] In terms of prevention, a vaccine candidate showed a protective efficacy of 80% in a clinical trial, currently in Phase 3 trial conducted in China. […] The project aims to provide a set of epidemiologic data in the hope of defining strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe forms of the disease hand-foot-mouth. […] A final study will estimate the economic burden of the hand, foot and mouth disease and how this disease depending on its severity affects the quality of life of patients over time. […] It will also study the socio-economic contribution of a vaccination program using the anti-EV71 vaccine already available and it will inform the health authorities on the economic soundness of the establishment a vaccination program using an already developed and tested vaccine.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10096-018-3206-x

  For a long time, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) was seen as a mild viral infection characterized by typical clinical manifestations that spontaneously resolved in a few days without complications. […] Vaccines able to confer protection against the most common aetiologic agents in a given country have been developed. However, simultaneous circulation of more than one causative virus and modification of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents make preparations based on a single agent relatively inadequate. […] Vaccines with multiple components are a possible solution. However, several problems concerning their development must be solved before adequate prevention of severe cases of HFMD can be achieved.

• #1 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431082/

  Patient/parental education is paramount in reducing the transmission of HFMD among children and also between children and adults. Handwashing has been proven to be an effective strategy in the prevention of HFMD transmission. […] A community intervention study showed that intensive education on hand hygiene improved the personal hygiene of parents and children. This subsequently reduced the incidence of HFMD in the study population. […] The virus is shed in the stools for a few weeks; hence, patients should be educated about hand washing and maintenance of good personal hygiene.

• #1 Hand foot and mouth disease: How to take prevention into your own hands – Better Business Center

  https://betterbusiness.torkusa.com/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-how-to-take-prevention-into-your-own-hands/

  Through this concerted program of education, engagement, and access to the right products, prevention was proven to dramatically lower the risk of contracting HFMD. […] To begin, it is critical to remember that here is no vaccine or treatment for HFMD. As a result, prevention is imperative, including efforts such as: Frequent hand cleansing with soap and water or hand sanitizers, especially after touching any blister or sore, before preparing food and eating, before feeding young infants, after using the toilet, and after changing diapers. Cleaning contaminated surfaces and soiled items (including toys) first with soap and water, and then disinfecting them with antibacterial wipes or a diluted solution of chlorine bleach. Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, hugging, sharing utensils, et cetera, with children who have HFMD. Keeping sick infants and children away from school, daycare and other gatherings. Covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. Disposing used tissues and diapers into waste bins that close tightly. Maintaining cleanliness of home, child care facilities, kindergartens, and schools. Monitoring the sick child’s condition closely, and seeking prompt medical attention if persistent high fever, decrease in alertness, or deterioration in general condition occurs. […] Rather, remember that HMFD can usually be prevented and controlled with a mix of common-sense cleanliness and uncommon vigilance.

• #1 Hand foot and mouth disease: How to take prevention into your own hands – Better Business Center

  https://betterbusiness.torkusa.com/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-how-to-take-prevention-into-your-own-hands/

  Children in unexpected places are helping an old trend go viral, but not in a good way. Hand, foot and mouth disease, or HFMD, most common among young children in developing regions, has been popping up as a troublesome virus in places as squeaky clean as Green Bay, Wisconsin. There is no vaccine to prevent children or adults from getting HFMD, and no specific treatment, but as the Center for Disease Control and others point out, organizations and individuals can literally take prevention into their own hands, by making a serious push toward hand hygiene. […] Consider the example of a recent study in China, undertaken by an international team of private and public organizations and universities, which demonstrated that good hand hygiene can reduce the incidence of HFMD by as much as 60%.

• #1 Centre for Health Protection – Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/23.html

  There is no effective vaccine to prevent HFMD. Good personal and environmental hygiene are the mainstay of prevention. […] Maintain good personal hygiene. […] Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before and after touching the mouth, nose or eyes; before eating or handling food; after touching blister; and after using the toilet. […] Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds; then rinse with water and dry with a clean cotton towel or a paper towel. Alcohol-based handrub should not substitute hand hygiene with liquid soap and water, as alcohol does not effectively kill some viruses (e.g. EV71) causing HFMD. […] Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of soiled tissue paper into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly.

• #1 Understanding hand, foot and mouth disease: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/understanding-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  There is no vaccine to prevent hand, foot, and mouth disease, but you can take steps to help prevent it. They include: […] Wash your hands often with soap and water. This is especially important after using the toilet, changing diapers, before eating, and before preparing food. […] Clean and disinfect surfaces and items that are frequently touched, such as toys and doorknobs. […] Keep your hands away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who has hand, foot, and mouth disease. This includes avoiding hugging, kissing, and sharing food. […] Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing, and encourage children to do the same.

• #1 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Prevention: Tips for Protection – Kangaroo Kids

  https://www.kangarookids.in/blog/preventing-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-helpful-tips/

  Educate caregivers and teachers about HFMD symptoms and preventive measures. Regularly monitor children for early signs of the disease to take prompt action. […] Understanding the pathways of transmission and taking preventative measures may greatly lower the prevalence of HFMD, especially in environments where young children interact often. To control and prevent this illness and provide a safer environment for all children, care and quick action are essential.

• #2 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Kids: Tips for Prevention | Mount Sinai Today

  https://health.mountsinai.org/blog/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-in-kids-tips-for-prevention/

  Many parents may be unfamiliar with hand, foot, and mouth disease, but it’s actually very common among young children. […] The good news is that it’s typically mild, and it can be easy to treat and prevent. […] In this Q&A, Carolina Pombar, MD, a pediatrician and Assistant Professor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, explains what causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, how long it’s contagious, and tips for prevention. […] There are some steps you can take to prevent this condition. These include: […] Wash hands with soap and water often. Hand washing is especially important after using the toilet, after changing diapers or potty training, before and after eating, and before preparing food. […] Keep hands away from the eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who has it. […] Disinfect surfaces if an infected person came in contact with them.

• #2 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease.page

  Hand, foot and mouth disease is spread by nose and throat discharges or the stool of infected people. […] Wash hands thoroughly, especially after changing diapers. […] Prior infection with the virus may give you some immunity, but you can still get a second episode of the infection. […] Children who are infected with the virus should not go to daycare until their fever is gone, their blisters have cleared, and they feel well.

• #2 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431082/

  Patient/parental education is paramount in reducing the transmission of HFMD among children and also between children and adults. Handwashing has been proven to be an effective strategy in the prevention of HFMD transmission. […] A community intervention study showed that intensive education on hand hygiene improved the personal hygiene of parents and children. This subsequently reduced the incidence of HFMD in the study population. […] The virus is shed in the stools for a few weeks; hence, patients should be educated about hand washing and maintenance of good personal hygiene.

• #2 Centre for Health Protection – Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/23.html

  There is no effective vaccine to prevent HFMD. Good personal and environmental hygiene are the mainstay of prevention. […] Maintain good personal hygiene. […] Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before and after touching the mouth, nose or eyes; before eating or handling food; after touching blister; and after using the toilet. […] Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds; then rinse with water and dry with a clean cotton towel or a paper towel. Alcohol-based handrub should not substitute hand hygiene with liquid soap and water, as alcohol does not effectively kill some viruses (e.g. EV71) causing HFMD. […] Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of soiled tissue paper into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly.

• #2 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/hand-foot-mouth-disease

  How to Prevent Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease […] There is no vaccine to prevent HFMD. It spreads easiest during the first week the person is sick. It can stay in the body for weeks after your child feels better and still spread to others. To prevent spreading HFMD: […] Teach your child to: […] – Not touch the rash or rub their eyes. […] – Avoid putting fingers or toys in their mouth. […] – Sneeze or cough into a tissue or the bend of their elbow. […] – Wash their hands often with soap and warm water. Wash after touching the rash, going to the bathroom, before touching food, before eating, and after touching animals. […] Wash your own hands with soap and warm water often. […] Disinfect bathrooms, toys, and other objects that your child touches with soap and water or other disinfectants like Lysol or Clorox. The virus can live on these things for days. […] Do not share things like: drinking cups, eating utensils, brushes, napkins, combs, or towels. […] Avoid hugging, kissing, or being in close contact with a child who is infected.

• #2 Understanding hand, foot and mouth disease: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/understanding-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  There is no vaccine to prevent hand, foot, and mouth disease, but you can take steps to help prevent it. They include: […] Wash your hands often with soap and water. This is especially important after using the toilet, changing diapers, before eating, and before preparing food. […] Clean and disinfect surfaces and items that are frequently touched, such as toys and doorknobs. […] Keep your hands away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who has hand, foot, and mouth disease. This includes avoiding hugging, kissing, and sharing food. […] Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing, and encourage children to do the same.

• #2 Centre for Health Protection – Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/23.html

  Use serving chopsticks and spoons at meal time. Do not share food and drinks with others. […] Do not share towels and personal items with others. […] Avoid close contact (such as kissing, hugging) with infected persons. […] Refrain from work or attending class at school, and seek medical advice if feeling unwell. […] Exclude infected persons from handling food and from providing care to children, elderly and immunocompromised people. […] Maintain good environmental hygiene. […] Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as furniture, toys and commonly shared items with 1:99 diluted household bleach (mixing 1 part of household bleach containing 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 99 parts of water), leave for 15 – 30 minutes, and then rinse with water and keep dry.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Hand-Foot-and-Mouth-Disease.aspx

  How can I help prevent and control the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease? […] Teach your children to cover their mouths and noses when sneezing or coughing with a disposable tissue, if possible, or with an arm sleeve if no tissue is available. Teach everyone to wash their hands right after using tissues or having contact with mucus. Change or cover contaminated clothing. […] Wash your hands after changing diapers. Parents can spread the virus to other surfaces by coming in contact with any feces, blister fluid or saliva. […] Clean, rinse, and sanitize toys that may have come in contact with your child’s saliva. […] Prevent sharing of food, drinks, and personal items that may touch your child’s mouth, such as eating utensils, toothbrushes, and towels. […] Protect other children in the house. Make sure they do not come in close contact with the child who is infected. Kissing, hugging, and sharing cups and utensils can spread the infection quickly. If your children share a room, separate them while the sick child is contagious. […] Disinfect any surfaces your child touches frequentlythis may be helpful to prevent a sibling from getting hand, foot, and mouth disease (and it is doable if you’re are careful about cleaning surfaces).

• #2 Prevention Tips for Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease – Poplarville School District

  https://poplarvilleschools.org/2019/09/26/prevention-tips-for-hand-foot-mouth-disease/

  Protect other children in the house. Make sure they do not come in close contact with the child who is infected. Kissing, hugging, and sharing cups and utensils can spread the infection quickly. If your children share a room, separate them while the sick child is contagious. […] Disinfect any surfaces your child touches frequently—this may be helpful to prevent a sibling from getting hand, foot, and mouth disease (and it is doable if you’re are careful about cleaning surfaces).

• #2 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Coxsackie Virus A16) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-coxsackie-virus-a16

  Most children with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease do not need to stay home from child care. Exclusion may not prevent the spread because the virus can spread before or after children have symptoms, or a child with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease may not have symptoms at all. […] Practicing healthy habits can prevent Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: […] Practice good handwashing. […] Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes, contact with body fluids, and before eating or handling food. […] Wash and disinfect all objects and surfaces soiled with mucus, saliva, blister fluid, or stool. […] Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people. […] Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and then wash your hands. […] Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or toys that can be put in the mouth. […] Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #2 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  How can childcare institutions prevent outbreaks of HFMD? (1) Monitoring and case management. Childcare institutions should implement morning and afternoon examinations. Once children with a fever or skin infections are found, they should get medical help and be quarantined. The institution should disinfect the items and environment touched by the infected children. (2) Cleaning, ventilation and disinfection of the environment. Regularly clean and ventilate classrooms and public areas, and disinfect surfaces, such as door handles, handrails, toilets and elevator buttons. (3) Cleaning and disinfection of toys and daily necessities. Regularly clean and disinfect personal belongings, such as children’s toys, water cups, towels and tableware. (4) Education on personal hygiene. Childcare institutions should tell children to wash their hands in a timely and correct manner before meals, after using the toilet and after going out to play, and not to mix towels or water cups, among other good hygiene habits. (5) Standardization of cleaning and disinfection. Cleaning personnel at childcare institutions should take personal protective measures, prepare disinfectant correctly, standardize the cleaning and disinfection of the environment and items.

• #2 Parents’ guide to hand, foot, and mouth disease | Pediatrics | Prevention | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/medbloghand-foot-mouth-disease/

  Its also a reminder to take preventive measures against HFMD, which is highly contagious. […] The protocols for preventing the spread of HFMD are the same as many other infectious diseases: […] Wash hands frequently and thoroughly. […] Clean and disinfect shared surfaces such as doorknobs, tabletops, and chairs often. […] Avoid close contact with anyone who might be infected. […] Preventing the spread of HFMD requires awareness and vigilance from every parent and teacher. […] If your child has HFMD, notify the school or day care and keep your child at home. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends children with HFMD can return to school or child care when they have no fever, are feeling well enough to participate in class, and have no uncontrolled drooling with mouth sores.

• #2 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  Vaccination to prevent HFMD At the end of 2015, China’s inactivated vaccine for enterovirus 71 (EV71 vaccine) was launched. To obtain immune protection as early as possible, it is recommended that children complete the vaccination program between the age of 6 and 12 months. For children over 5 years old, it is not recommended that they receive the EV71 vaccine. […] How to prevent HFMD in daily life? (1) Maintain hand hygiene is an effective measure to prevent HFMD. Children should wash their hands with hand sanitizer or soap after touching public objects, saliva or respiratory secretions, as well as after using the toilet and before eating. Parents and caregivers should wash their hands before processing food, and after changing diapers or handling items contaminated with feces. (2) Avoid contact with sick children, avoid sharing tableware, towels or other personal items to prevent cross infection. (3) Maintain a clean home environment and ventilate rooms. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces (countertops, door handles) and children’s toys. (4) Bottles and their teats used by infants and young children, as well as tableware, should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. The diapers of infants and young children should be cleaned or disinfected in time. Do not let children drink untreated water or eat raw or cold food. (5) During the epidemic of HFMD, it is not advisable to bring children to crowded public places with poor air circulation. (6) Inoculate children with the EV71 vaccine can effectively prevent HFMD and other related diseases caused by EV-A71 infection, and significantly reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths caused by these diseases. Children aged between 6 and 12 months are encouraged to complete the entire vaccination process.

• #2 As the High Incidence Season for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Approaches, How Should We Prepare for Prevention?—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/maternal_child_healthcare/202404/t20240424_276960.html

  Ventilating Environments. Ensure that enclosed public spaces and living areas are regularly ventilated to maintain fresh air circulation. […] Cleaning and Disinfection. Frequently touched surfaces such as door handles and countertops should be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Childrens toys and daily use items should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Baby bottles, eating utensils, and other similar items should be sterilized by boiling. Clothing and bedding should be frequently aired in sunlight or disinfected using ultraviolet light.

• #2 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218402-treatment

  A vaccine would be desirable, especially against the Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). […] EV71 vaccine in China was found effective in prevention, with CA16 and EV71 proportions found inversely related to the vaccination rate in Canton (Guangzhou), China. […] It may have a protective effect on the occurrence of encephalitis, which still may develop. […] Bivalent enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) vaccines may be advantageous. […] An enterovirus A71 vaccination approach utilized in part of China has been credited with HFMD reduction. […] There is no vaccine available in American or the European Union. […] A suitable mitigation strategy to minimize enterovirus transmission among children with HFMD to control severe EV epidemics may be case isolation and class suspension if more than two having an onset of HFMD in one classroom within 1 week.

• #2 A program concerning the Hand-Foot-And-Mouth disease in South East Asia | Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/international/international-programs/program-concerning-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-south-east-asia

  The infection called „hand-foot-mouth” (HFMD) is a viral disease that mainly affects children under 5 years. […] To date, there is no specific treatment for this disease. […] In terms of prevention, a vaccine candidate showed a protective efficacy of 80% in a clinical trial, currently in Phase 3 trial conducted in China. […] The project aims to provide a set of epidemiologic data in the hope of defining strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe forms of the disease hand-foot-mouth. […] A final study will estimate the economic burden of the hand, foot and mouth disease and how this disease depending on its severity affects the quality of life of patients over time. […] It will also study the socio-economic contribution of a vaccination program using the anti-EV71 vaccine already available and it will inform the health authorities on the economic soundness of the establishment a vaccination program using an already developed and tested vaccine.

• #2 Hand foot and mouth disease: How to take prevention into your own hands – Better Business Center

  https://betterbusiness.torkusa.com/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-how-to-take-prevention-into-your-own-hands/

  Children in unexpected places are helping an old trend go viral, but not in a good way. Hand, foot and mouth disease, or HFMD, most common among young children in developing regions, has been popping up as a troublesome virus in places as squeaky clean as Green Bay, Wisconsin. There is no vaccine to prevent children or adults from getting HFMD, and no specific treatment, but as the Center for Disease Control and others point out, organizations and individuals can literally take prevention into their own hands, by making a serious push toward hand hygiene. […] Consider the example of a recent study in China, undertaken by an international team of private and public organizations and universities, which demonstrated that good hand hygiene can reduce the incidence of HFMD by as much as 60%.

• #2 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Prevention: Tips for Protection – Kangaroo Kids

  https://www.kangarookids.in/blog/preventing-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-helpful-tips/

  Educate caregivers and teachers about HFMD symptoms and preventive measures. Regularly monitor children for early signs of the disease to take prompt action. […] Understanding the pathways of transmission and taking preventative measures may greatly lower the prevalence of HFMD, especially in environments where young children interact often. To control and prevent this illness and provide a safer environment for all children, care and quick action are essential.

• #2 Hand foot and mouth disease: How to take prevention into your own hands – Better Business Center

  https://betterbusiness.torkusa.com/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-how-to-take-prevention-into-your-own-hands/

  Through this concerted program of education, engagement, and access to the right products, prevention was proven to dramatically lower the risk of contracting HFMD. […] To begin, it is critical to remember that here is no vaccine or treatment for HFMD. As a result, prevention is imperative, including efforts such as: Frequent hand cleansing with soap and water or hand sanitizers, especially after touching any blister or sore, before preparing food and eating, before feeding young infants, after using the toilet, and after changing diapers. Cleaning contaminated surfaces and soiled items (including toys) first with soap and water, and then disinfecting them with antibacterial wipes or a diluted solution of chlorine bleach. Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, hugging, sharing utensils, et cetera, with children who have HFMD. Keeping sick infants and children away from school, daycare and other gatherings. Covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. Disposing used tissues and diapers into waste bins that close tightly. Maintaining cleanliness of home, child care facilities, kindergartens, and schools. Monitoring the sick child’s condition closely, and seeking prompt medical attention if persistent high fever, decrease in alertness, or deterioration in general condition occurs. […] Rather, remember that HMFD can usually be prevented and controlled with a mix of common-sense cleanliness and uncommon vigilance.

• #2 Hand, Foot And Mouth Disease (HFMD): Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/kids-oral-care/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-hfmd-symptoms-treatment-preven

  Since HFMD spreads through contact with an infected person’s saliva, respiratory droplets, stool, or popped blisters, top-notch hygiene is essential! Teaching your children to wash their hands after using the restroom and resisting the urge to put their hands in their mouth can help prevent the spread of HFMD. […] In child care environments, frequently disinfecting surfaces (including toys and other shared items) and regular handwashing are also critical. As with other contagious viruses, keep any known infected children away from others to prevent the spread. […] While recovering, help your child stay hydrated, give them soft, cool, and comforting foods, and keep them away from other children to prevent the spread of HFMD. And your best bet for prevention is incorporating hygiene habits that will help prevent other common infections too!

• #2 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD): A Comprehensive Guide

  https://www.webmd.com/children/hand-foot-mouth-disease

  Your child is most contagious in the first 7 days of the illness. But the virus can stay in their body for days or weeks and spread through their spit or poop. Take these steps to lower the chance of infection: […] Wash your hands carefully, especially after changing a diaper or wiping a child’s nose. Help your children keep their hands clean. […] Teach kids to cover their mouth and nose when they sneeze or cough. A tissue is best, but the sleeve of their shirt also works. […] Clean and disinfect surfaces and shared items such as toys and doorknobs. […] Don’t hug or kiss someone who has hand, foot, and mouth disease. Don’t share cups or utensils with them. […] Don’t send your child to school or day care until their symptoms are gone. Check with your doctor if you think they might still be contagious.

• #2

  https://home.kinsahealth.com/post/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-prevention

  If someone in your child’s classroom has been diagnosed with Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease, let us help you with the do’s and don’ts so you can keep it out of your household! […] While HFM usually isnt serious, it is very contagious and spreads rapidly at schools and daycares. […] Lets figure out how to avoid it, shall we? […] Wash your hands and wash your kiddos hands, frequently and in between ALL activities. This is especially important after using the restroom or changing their diaper, and after coughing or sneezing. […] Do a disinfectant rundown. Clean all the usual suspects (counters, door handles, light switches) but also pay special attention to anything in your childs backpack that may have been shared or touched at school. […] Minimize the hugging and kissing over this first week. Simply be aware that your kiddo couldve picked up HFM and isnt showing symptoms yet. […] A fever typically develops 3-6 days after exposure, so take frequent temperatures during this timeframe and double down on the prevention behaviors above.

• #3

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/august-2023/hand-foot-mouth-disease-keep-your-kids-safe-by-vaccination

  When children start going to school, they may face illnesses that are more easily transmitted. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is one of the diseases that is easily spread and commonly found in children under 5 years old. This article will help you know more about this disease and how to prevent it from your beloved children. […] The easiest way to prevent hand, foot, and mouth disease is to always make yourself healthy by doing the following; Wash your hands frequently with soap for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers and using the toilet. If there is no hand soap, you are able to use alcohol gel. Clean the area and objects frequently especially toys. Avoid close contact such as kissing, hugging. Do not share the equipment with the infected person, especially dishes, bowls, spoons, glasses of water. Children should stop studying to prevent spreading of the disease. They should wait until the fever is gone and there are no mouth ulcers. […] Moreover, a vaccine for preventing hand, foot, and mouth disease is now available. You can consult with your healthcare professional about hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccination.

• #3 Hand foot and mouth disease: How to take prevention into your own hands – Better Business Center

  https://betterbusiness.torkusa.com/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-how-to-take-prevention-into-your-own-hands/

  Through this concerted program of education, engagement, and access to the right products, prevention was proven to dramatically lower the risk of contracting HFMD. […] To begin, it is critical to remember that here is no vaccine or treatment for HFMD. As a result, prevention is imperative, including efforts such as: Frequent hand cleansing with soap and water or hand sanitizers, especially after touching any blister or sore, before preparing food and eating, before feeding young infants, after using the toilet, and after changing diapers. Cleaning contaminated surfaces and soiled items (including toys) first with soap and water, and then disinfecting them with antibacterial wipes or a diluted solution of chlorine bleach. Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, hugging, sharing utensils, et cetera, with children who have HFMD. Keeping sick infants and children away from school, daycare and other gatherings. Covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. Disposing used tissues and diapers into waste bins that close tightly. Maintaining cleanliness of home, child care facilities, kindergartens, and schools. Monitoring the sick child’s condition closely, and seeking prompt medical attention if persistent high fever, decrease in alertness, or deterioration in general condition occurs. […] Rather, remember that HMFD can usually be prevented and controlled with a mix of common-sense cleanliness and uncommon vigilance.

• #3 About Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease | Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/index.html

  To prevent spreading HFMD, wash your hands often, clean and disinfect surfaces, and avoid close contact with others. […] HFMD is very contagious. To help prevent catching or spreading HFMD: […] Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers, using the toilet, and coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. […] Help children wash their hands and keep blisters clean. […] Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and shared items, including toys and doorknobs. […] Avoid close contact with an infected person, such as hugging or kissing them. […] There is no vaccine in the United States to protect against the viruses that cause HFMD.

• #3 Hand, foot and mouth disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease

  Good personal hygiene is important to prevent spread of the disease. […] Good personal hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of HFMD to others, both for those infected and their carers: […] Wash hands carefully with soap and water after contact with the blister-like lesions, after handling nose and throat discharges, and after contact with faeces such as with toileting and nappy changing. […] Use separate eating and drinking utensils. […] Avoid sharing items of personal hygiene (such as towels, washers and toothbrushes) and clothing (particularly shoes and socks). […] Thoroughly wash and clean any soiled clothing and surfaces or toys that may have been contaminated. […] Teach children about cough and sneeze etiquette, immediate disposal of tissues, and to wash hands afterwards. […] Children with HFMD should be excluded from school and childcare centres until all of the blisters have dried. To assist in prevention of spread, parents should report the illness to the director of the childcare centre or school principal.

• #3 Centre for Health Protection – Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/23.html

  Ensure the household bleach used has not expired. For effective disinfection, diluted bleach should be used within 24 hours after preparation as effectiveness would decrease with time if left unused. […] As undiluted bleach liberates a toxic gas when exposed to sunlight, it should be stored in a cool and shaded place out of reach of children. […] Use absorbent disposable towels to wipe away obvious contaminants such as respiratory secretions, vomitus or excreta, and then disinfect the surface and neighbouring areas with 1:49 diluted household bleach (mixing 1 part of household bleach containing 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 49 parts of water), leave for 15 – 30 minutes and then rinse with water and keep dry. […] Avoid arranging group activities when HFMD outbreak occurs in the school or institution. Besides, minimise staff movement and arrange the same group of staff to take care of the same group of children as far as possible.

• #3 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  What precautions should be taken when treating or isolating children with HFMD at home? (1) Health monitoring: During the period of home isolation, parents and caregivers should observe the child’s condition. Children below 3 years old, who are infected with EV-A71 and are in the first three days of the disease, are at higher risk of developing severe conditions. If the infected child develops a sustained high fever (body temperature above 38.5 C for over 3 days) and neurological abnormalities (such as mental depression, drowsiness, irritability), it may result in severe illness, and the child should be taken to the hospital immediately for treatment. (2) Home disinfection: Clean furniture, toys and floors every day, and disinfect them using chlorine-containing disinfectant -1-2 times a week. The patient’s secretions, vomitus or excreta, as well as any contaminated items or environment, should be promptly wiped with or soaked in chlorine-containing disinfectant for 30 minutes, before wiping or rinsing thoroughly with clean water. (3) Isolation: The recommended time for home isolation is one week after all the symptoms have disappeared. During this period, the child should avoid going out, especially to kindergartens and public places, and should avoid contact with other children.

• #3 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Isolation Period

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hand-foot-and-mouth-quarantine-period

  HFMD is very contagious. To help prevent the spread of HFMD, its important to stay home from school or work while you or your child have symptoms. […] Regular handwashing is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of HFMD. Avoiding contact with people who have HFMD is also important to help reduce your chance of contracting a virus that causes it. […] Washing your hands and any objects that go into the mouth can help reduce the risk of contracting HFMD.

• #3 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218402-treatment

  A vaccine would be desirable, especially against the Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). […] EV71 vaccine in China was found effective in prevention, with CA16 and EV71 proportions found inversely related to the vaccination rate in Canton (Guangzhou), China. […] It may have a protective effect on the occurrence of encephalitis, which still may develop. […] Bivalent enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) vaccines may be advantageous. […] An enterovirus A71 vaccination approach utilized in part of China has been credited with HFMD reduction. […] There is no vaccine available in American or the European Union. […] A suitable mitigation strategy to minimize enterovirus transmission among children with HFMD to control severe EV epidemics may be case isolation and class suspension if more than two having an onset of HFMD in one classroom within 1 week.

• #3 Health tips for hand-foot-and-mouth disease—-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

  https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/infectious_diseases/202307/t20230719_267899.html

  Vaccination to prevent HFMD At the end of 2015, China’s inactivated vaccine for enterovirus 71 (EV71 vaccine) was launched. To obtain immune protection as early as possible, it is recommended that children complete the vaccination program between the age of 6 and 12 months. For children over 5 years old, it is not recommended that they receive the EV71 vaccine. […] How to prevent HFMD in daily life? (1) Maintain hand hygiene is an effective measure to prevent HFMD. Children should wash their hands with hand sanitizer or soap after touching public objects, saliva or respiratory secretions, as well as after using the toilet and before eating. Parents and caregivers should wash their hands before processing food, and after changing diapers or handling items contaminated with feces. (2) Avoid contact with sick children, avoid sharing tableware, towels or other personal items to prevent cross infection. (3) Maintain a clean home environment and ventilate rooms. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces (countertops, door handles) and children’s toys. (4) Bottles and their teats used by infants and young children, as well as tableware, should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. The diapers of infants and young children should be cleaned or disinfected in time. Do not let children drink untreated water or eat raw or cold food. (5) During the epidemic of HFMD, it is not advisable to bring children to crowded public places with poor air circulation. (6) Inoculate children with the EV71 vaccine can effectively prevent HFMD and other related diseases caused by EV-A71 infection, and significantly reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths caused by these diseases. Children aged between 6 and 12 months are encouraged to complete the entire vaccination process.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10096-018-3206-x

  For a long time, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) was seen as a mild viral infection characterized by typical clinical manifestations that spontaneously resolved in a few days without complications. […] Vaccines able to confer protection against the most common aetiologic agents in a given country have been developed. However, simultaneous circulation of more than one causative virus and modification of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents make preparations based on a single agent relatively inadequate. […] Vaccines with multiple components are a possible solution. However, several problems concerning their development must be solved before adequate prevention of severe cases of HFMD can be achieved.

• #3 Symptoms and Prevention of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

  https://www.meturgentcare.com/blog/symptoms-and-prevention-of-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease

  Preventative measures, such as regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, disinfecting surfaces, and promoting good hygiene practices, play a crucial role in reducing the spread of HFMD. […] Early recognition and prevention are crucial. Practicing good hygiene, especially handwashing, reduces its spread. Avoiding contact with infected individuals, especially in crowded places, can help prevent transmission. […] Additionally, promoting these practices in schools, daycares, and communities can significantly reduce the spread of the disease.

Zobacz więcej