Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chilblains – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilblains

  Chilblains, also known as pernio, is a medical condition in which damage occurs to capillary beds in the skin, most often in the hands or feet, when blood perfuses into the nearby tissue, resulting in redness, itching, inflammation, and possibly blisters. […] Once the diagnosis of chilblains is made, first-line treatment includes avoiding cold, damp environments and wearing gloves and warm socks. […] Nifedipine and amlodipine, which are vasodilators in the class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, may help in some cases. Vasodilation may reduce pain, facilitate healing, and prevent recurrences. It is typically available in an oral pill but can be compounded into a topical formula. […] Diltiazem, a vasodilator, may help.

• #1 Chilblains | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/chilblains/

  Chilblains often get better on their own without treatment. […] A soothing lotion, such as calamine or witch hazel, can help relieve itching. A pharmacist can give you advice about the right product for you. […] If your chilblains are severe and keep returning, your GP may prescribe a medication called nifedipine. You take nifedipine as a daily tablet or capsule. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, improving your circulation. […] Nifedipine can help existing chilblains heal, or can be taken to stop them developing.

• #1 Chilblains – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chilblains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351103

  Chilblains can be treated at home with self-care, including keeping your hands and feet warm and dry. […] If your chilblains symptoms don’t clear up with self-care, your health care provider may suggest medicine, including: […] A topical corticosteroid. If your chilblains symptoms include sores, applying a corticosteroid such as triamcinolone 0.1% cream might help clear them up. […] Blood pressure medicine. For symptoms that don’t respond to other treatment, your health care provider might prescribe a blood pressure medicine such as nifedipine (Procardia). It’s a type of calcium channel blocker that treats chilblains by improving blood flow. […] Try to keep the affected area warm and dry.

• #1 Chilblains (Pernio): What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21817-chilblains-pernio

  Chilblains are inflamed, painful skin patches. Typically, these patches develop after exposure to cold but not freezing air. Most of the time, chilblains heal without treatment. […] Your healthcare provider can offer medications, as well. […] Often, chilblains go away on their own as long as you avoid the cold and/or damp weather conditions. If you still have chilblains symptoms after two or three weeks, you may need to see a healthcare provider for treatment. […] Your provider may prescribe medications. These medicines can soothe pain or itching. Some medicines also lower your chances that chilblains will come back. […] You take oral medications by mouth. Options include: Nifedipine (Adalat), which helps dilate your blood vessels; Pentoxifylline (Trental, Pentoxil), which helps improve your circulation.

• #1 CHILBLAINS-A Patient’s Guide – Family Doctor

  https://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/circulation-problems/chilblains-a-patients-guide/

  Chilblains are painful inflammations, usually on the toes, caused by poor circulation and extreme heat and cold. […] The best way to prevent chilblains is by keeping feet at a warm, even temperature to maintain good circulation. If feet become very cold, do not warm them up using direct heat such as heaters, hot water bottles, electric blankets, or hot water. Warm them slowly using warm socks and indirect heat. Keep feet well moisturised to maintain elasticity to the skin surface. To increase circulation, use menthol or eucalyptus based products such as Vicks Vapour Rub or antiflamme. […] Keep chilblain at a warm, even temperature with wool socks or slippers. Treat a chilblain by: maintaining an even temperature to feet – avoid overheating with hot baths and showers, and the direct heat of electric blankets, hot water bottles and heaters; keeping pressure off (i.e. ensure shoes are not too tight, with a thumbs width space to end of longest toe); using a dry dressing; treating broken skin on chilblain with topical antibiotic cream; seeing family doctor or podiatrist if problem persists.

• #1 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/chilblains-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention

  Chilblains will usually get better and go away without other treatment if you protect the areas from further cold or damp weather. If they still linger after several weeks, see your health care provider. […] Certain medications can improve your symptoms, make you more comfortable, and lessen the chances the chilblains will come back. Drugs your doctor might prescribe include: Oral medications, meaning you take them by mouth. Drugs such as nifedipine (Adalat) help widen your blood vessels. Pentoxifylline (Pentoxil, Trental) boosts your blood circulation. […] Commonly prescribed topical medications meaning you put them directly on your skin are nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitro-Bid) or a steroid such as betamethasone valerate (Beta-Val, Valisone). […] You can often treat chilblains on your own. Some ways include: Ease swelling and pain with over-the-counter, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Soak the areas with chilblains in warm water for brief periods of time. Use unscented lotion to keep your skin moist. Wear layered clothing and cover up with blankets to stay warm. Keep your hands and feet cozy with mittens or other hand warmers, socks, and slippers. Wear a hat. Even if the chilblains arent on your ears, hats help retain your body warmth. Avoid going out in wet, cold weather. Avoid smoking and drinking caffeinated beverages. Caffeine and nicotine hamper healthy blood flow.

• #1 Chilblains (Pernio): What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21817-chilblains-pernio

  You apply topical medications to your skin. Options include: Nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitro-Bid); A steroid like betamethasone valerate (Beta-Val, Valisone). […] Some at-home remedies that may ease pain and swelling from chilblains include: Keeping your hands and feet warm (in mittens or hand warmers); Wearing layered clothing or blankets; Wearing a hat to help keep your whole body warm; Moisturizing the affected skin with unscented lotion; Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin); Soaking the affected skin in warm water for short periods of time only. […] If chilblains keep coming back, your healthcare provider may give you a medication to prevent chilblains from developing as frequently. […] While there’s no cure, staying warm and certain home remedies can help you manage the symptoms. Your healthcare provider can offer specific ways to take care of your skin.

• #1 Chilblains treatment :: Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.lscft.nhs.uk/our-services/service-finder-z/podiatry/chilblains-treatment

  If you have developed chilblains do not scratch them. Instead use soothing lotions such as witch hazel and calamine to reduce the discomfort. […] If the chilblain has ulcerated, apply an antiseptic dressing. If you have diabetes or are undergoing medical treatment, it is important that you have the ulcer assessed by your GP or podiatrist. […] If the chilblain has not broken, you can paint it with a mixture of Friars Balsam and a weak solution of iodine which your pharmacist can make up for you, or an over-the-counter preparation. At night, rub some lanolin ointment into the feet to help retain the heat. […] The best way to prevent chilblains is to keep your legs, feet and body warm, especially if your circulation is poor and your mobility is limited. […] The whole body, rather than just the feet, needs to be kept warm. Trousers, long boots, tights, leg warmers, long socks and gloves will also help.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8474327/

  We identified six clinical trials supporting the use of nifedipine for the treatment of chilblains, including a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed by Dowd et al. in 1986 (n = 10) which compared nifedipine to a retard preparation, and several randomized trials comparing nifedipine to diltiazem, topical 5% minoxidil, and topical glyceryl trinitrate. […] In 2008, Noaimi et al. conducted an open comparative study (n = 40) of oral pentoxifylline 400 mg PO three times vs oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day plus topical clobetasol ointment for 2 weeks. […] Pentoxifylline was shown to be superior to oral and topical corticosteroids. […] Despite topical corticosteroids being prescribed frequently for the treatment of chilblains, the level of evidence is poor, with only the only supporting study being a case series of topical fluocinolone in 1973.

• #1 Chilblains (Pernio): Symptoms and Management — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chilblains

  Chilblains are tender and/or itchy bumps on acral sites following exposure to damp, cold, non-freezing conditions causing a localised form of vasculitis. […] Chilblains are seen in temperate climates rather than in countries with extreme cold where the air is often dry, and appropriate clothing and living conditions minimise the risk. […] Avoiding cold, wet environments if possible […] Wearing warm, dry clothing during cold weather to protect hands, feet, and ears […] Vigorous exercise to keep warm and improve circulation […] Keep indoor areas warm and dry […] Soaking hands in warm water before exposure […] Cessation of smoking and other vasoconstrictors. […] Topical nitroglycerine 0.2% […] Topical betamethasone valerate 0.1% twice daily may relieve itch. […] Nifedipine 2060 mg three times daily hastens healing time and reduces the risk of relapse […] Chilblains usually resolve spontaneously in 1-3 weeks. However, chilblains can become chronic. Recurrences may occur with subsequent exposures or annually.

• #1 Chilblains | Symptoms, Treatments & Management | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/chilblains/

  If chilblains have developed, cover them with a loose, dry dressing (e.g. Melolin) and try to avoid clothing that rubs. […] There is some evidence that Vitamin B (nicotinic acid) helps to prevent chilblains. […] Vasodilators which are recommended for improving the circulation in Raynaud’s phenomenon by opening up the blood vessels, can also be useful in the treatment and prevention of chilblains. […] A steroid cream rubbed onto the chilblains may reduce itch and soreness. […] Creams and ointments containing camphor or local anaesthetic can also be used for relief of pain in unbroken chilblains. […] Balmosa cream, available on prescription or from your local pharmacy, and some other topical creams can be effective.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8474327/

  Idiopathic chilblains is a cold-induced inflammatory condition that causes significant morbidity. When preventative measures alone are inadequate, oral nifedipine is generally recommended as first-line pharmacologic therapy. […] Therapies included nifedipine, pentoxifylline, tadalafil, topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), topical minoxidil, diltiazem, corticosteroids, and vitamin D. There was moderate evidence to support the use of nifedipine and pentoxifylline in the treatment of severe or refractory cases of idiopathic chilblains, while other therapies had inadequate evidence or nonsignificant results compared to placebo. […] Treatment of chilblains primarily involves preventative measures, but severe and/or persistent cases may require pharmacologic therapy. There are relatively few clinical studies to guide treatment choice, although nifedipine is considered the mainstay of systemic treatment and is widely prescribed.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8474327/

  In conclusion, there is moderate evidence to support the use of nifedipine and pentoxifylline as systemic treatments for idiopathic chilblains. Further studies are needed to better determine efficacy, as well as optimal dosage and duration of treatment. Both nifedipine and pentoxifylline are relatively safe and well-tolerated drugs, but not without side effects, and therefore benefits and risks must be weighed for each patient.

• #1 How to cure chilblains (and help other circulatory problems) – Health First Foot and Gait Clinic

  https://www.healthfirstsoutham.co.uk/foot-problems/how-to-cure-chilblains-and-help-other-circulatory-problems/

  At our clinic, we offer specialised treatments to help heal chilblains and prevent them from returning. Our treatments are designed to reduce inflammation and promote healing, providing you with relief from the discomfort and pain of chilblains. We may recommend the use of corticosteroid creams or rubefacient ointments, as well as other medications to help manage symptoms and promote healing. […] There are some additional treatment options that we provide at our clinic to help manage the symptoms of chilblains and improve healing. These include: Warm wax therapy: paraffin wax heat therapy increases blood flow, tolerance for pain, relaxes muscles increases hydration in the skin. Plastazote insoles: this special lightweight material provides insulation from the ground. Protective foam toe foot covers: these can be made to individually fit your toes and feet so that they provide insulation and protection. Cushioned sterile dressings: which help prevent infection and encourage speedy healing. Redistributive padding: to offload pressure from painful chilblains. High intensity laser therapy: this advanced treatment speeds up healing and reduces pain.

• #1 Chilblains – Podiatrist and Chiropodist Edgware

  https://podiatrystation.com/treatments/skin-conditions/chilblains/

  Chilblains themselves are generally not serious but they can get painful and affect your daily life. […] If you notice any signs of infection, or if the chilblains are causing persistent discomfort, contact us as soon as possible for an appointment. […] If you have developed chilblains, do not scratch them, but use soothing lotions such as witch hazel and calamine on them to take away most of the discomfort. […] If a chilblain has ulcerated and caused a deep break within the skin, soak your feet in a warm salt water bath and cover with a clean plaster. […] If the chilblains have not broken, you can paint them with a mixture of Friars Balsam and a weak solution of iodine, which your pharmacist may make up for you. […] At Podiatry Station we strive to remain ahead of our competitors, by offering our patients the latest treatment options with the use of modern technology. MLS Class IV laser therapy is an invaluable tool for helping to clear up chilblains.

• #1 Chilblains | Risks, Prevention and Treatment of Chilblains

  https://www.13thbeachhealthservices.com.au/blog/chilblains/

  Chilblains are a form of localised vasculitis that causes the formation of inflammatory lesions, most commonly on the toes, fingers and ears. […] Although prevention is definitely the best way forward for happy and chilblain free feet, if you do find yourself with chilblains, there are still a number of treatment options available. Applying Hirudoid Ointment to help dilate the peripheral vessels of the toes and help to reduce the swelling is a great and simple option. […] Another mode of treatment involves the use of several layers of Friars Bolsom and cotton wool on the affected toes, to create a little protective cocoon. […] The process involves applying a layer of Friars Bolsom to the affected toe, followed by a thin layer of cotton wool. This process is then repeated several times, with the tackiness of the Friars Bolsom causing the layers to stick together thus creating an insulated cocoon for the toe, with a light application of hypafix tape to secure the final layer. These are best left in place for a number of days and repeated as needed.

• #1 Chilblains – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097

  Chilblains can be prevented by limiting your time in the cold, dressing warmly and covering exposed skin. If you do get chilblains, keeping the skin warm and dry can help ease the symptoms. […] To prevent chilblains: Avoid or limit your exposure to the cold. When you come in from the cold, rewarm the skin gradually. Dress in layers of loose clothing and wear mittens, a scarf and a hat, and warm, water-resistant footwear. Cover all exposed skin as completely as possible when going outside in cold weather. Keep your hands, feet and face dry and warm. Keep your home and workplace comfortably warm. Don’t smoke.

• #1 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/chilblains-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention

  The best way to manage chilblains is to prevent them from happening. Try to stick with these guidelines: If youve been out in cold weather, warm up gradually, not all at once. Keep your indoor air dry and warm. Bundle up and try to leave as little skin exposed as possible when you go outside. Layer loose-fitting clothing, wear a scarf and hat, cover your hands, and wear water-resistant shoes or boots. Soak your hands in warm water before going out. Only go out in the cold when you have to. Exercise every day to keep your body warm and improve your blood flow. Quit smoking. […] A corticosteroid cream can help ease itching, swelling, and pain and might help heal them faster, especially if the areas have broken open and become sores. Topical meds like triamcinolone 0.1% must be prescribed by your health care provider.

• #1 Chilblains: Symptoms, Pictures, Causes, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chilblains

  Chilblains usually go away on their own within 3 weeks. In many cases, your symptoms will start to subside as you warm up. But If you have poor circulation or diabetes, your chilblains may not heal well. […] If you have ongoing itching, the doctor might prescribe a corticosteroid cream to reduce inflammation. […] In some cases, the doctor might also prescribe blood pressure medications to help open up the small vessels near your skins surface. This will also help to reduce inflammation and pain. […] You may be able to prevent chilblains by protecting your hands and feet from exposure to the cold. […] Always contact a doctor if your symptoms last for more than 3 weeks, the pain is severe, or you dont seem to be getting better.

• #1 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  http://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/chilblains-causes-symptoms-treatment

  Applying a corticosteroid ointment can help you heal chilblains-induced lesions. […] Although chilblains may go on their own, medical attention is crucial in the following scenarios: […] If you have developed blisters on your skins due to chilblains, it is most likely to develop infections and skin ulcers. […] Following are the preventive measures you can take to prevent chilblains: […] Chilblains are not severe and go away on their own. However, if you feel that something is not right, you should immediately go to your doctor.

• #1 Chilblains (Pernio)

  https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/Nursing-Clinic/Diseases-and-Conditions/Enviro-Health-Conditions/chilblains-pernio

  Chilblains typically present with the following symptoms: […] Effective management of chilblains focuses on alleviating symptoms, preventing complications, and addressing underlying causes: […] Immediate Actions: Warm the Affected Areas: Gradually warm the affected areas using gentle methods, such as warm (not hot) compresses or warm water soaks. […] Symptom Relief: Anti-Itch Creams: Use over-the-counter anti-itch creams or corticosteroid creams to alleviate itching and inflammation. […] Medical Intervention: Seek Professional Help: Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms are severe, persistent, or if there are signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or pus. […] Preventing chilblains involves adopting strategies to minimize exposure to cold and maintain skin health:

• #1 Home Treatments for Chilblains | Family Foot & Ankle

  https://www.yourfamilyfootcare.com/blog/home-treatments-for-chilblains-cincinnati-ohio-foot-care.cfm

  If chilblains become a chronic problem for you, or if the pain is intense, the skin has broken, or you have a potentially complicating condition such as diabetes, visit Family Foot and Ankle Center. Additional treatment may include cleaning and protecting any open wounds, or prescribing medications that lower blood pressure or improve blood flow to open up and relax blood vessels.

• #1 How Do You Get Rid of Chilblains? Home Remedies, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_you_get_rid_of_chilblains/article.htm

  In the most severe cases, medication can be used to improve blood supply to the fingers and toes, such as the following: Take pain relievers such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) and Advil (ibuprofen). […] Although ultraviolet light has been proposed as a method of preventing outbreaks, studies have reported mixed results. […] Unfortunately, there aren’t many medications that can eliminate chilblains in people who have them regularly. The majority of medications simply alleviate the symptoms. […] The most important aspect of management of cold-induced perniosis (chilblains) with no underlying pathology is prophylaxis, which will be accomplished by wearing warm clothing and living in a properly insulated housing. […] Make an appointment with your doctor if you get them frequently, they don’t seem to heal, you suspect they’re infected or you get them during warm seasons. You may have an underlying condition (such as a peripheral arterial disease or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) that necessitates treatment.

• #1 Pernio Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1087946-treatment

  Treatment of idiopathic pernio includes avoidance of exposure to cold, smoking cessation, calcium-channel blockers, and topical steroids. […] Chilblain lupus erythematosus (CHLE) is treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and calcium-channel blockers. Refractory cases of CHLE have been successfully treated with anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody. […] Avoidance of nicotine may help alleviate pernio.

• #1 Chilblain lupus erythematosus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chilblain-lupus-erythematosus

  Medicines used include the following: […] Antibiotics (for secondary bacterial skin infections) […] Topical steroids […] Systemic calcium channel blockers […] Systemic steroids […] Mycophenolate mofetil […] Antimalarial agents (eg, hydroxychloroquine) […] Tacrolimus. […] Surgery […] Patients with chilblain LE have successfully been treated in certain circumstances by excision and repair using a full-thickness graft derived from an unaffected area.

• #1 Niacin and chilblains – Parsemus Foundation

  https://www.parsemus.org/2024/02/niacin-and-chilblains/

  If you have chilblains, its important to reduce exposure to the cold and damp winter environment. […] Niacin (vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid) may be helpful. […] Nicotinic acid was proposed as a treatment for chilblains in a 1948 publication in the British Medical Journal. […] Nicotinic acid is a vasodilator, opening up the blood vessels to increase blood flow. […] Little additional research has been conducted on the use of nicotinic acid to treat or prevent chilblains. […] Physicians may prescribe other vasodilators, such as nifedipine, or other calcium channel blockers to prevent chilblains. […] If you find yourself suffering from the effects of chilblains, niacin might be helpful to prevent further episodes.

• #1 The cure for my chilblains is… | Dermatology | Forums

  https://patient.info/forums/discuss/the-cure-for-my-chilblains-is–13754

  Calcium tablets WITH Vitamin D. I have had sixty odd years with chilblains and I am only grateful to my childhood doctor for this cure because without it I don’t know what I would have done otherwise. […] You won’t get immediate relief from taking the tablets. If you are in the grip of a bad chilblain attack it may take two to three weeks of taking a tablet three times a day after meals before you see an improvement. The best way is to take the tablets as a preventative treatment. As soon as you feel the signs that signal the onset of chilblains take, to start with, one tablet a day and increase as necessary. […] I hope, if you try the above remedy, it works for you. At least if it doesn’t the tablets will have helped in warding off osteoporosis and at the best you will join me in being eternally grateful to Dr Gould, my childhood doctor!

• #1 Chilblains

  https://www.homeopathyschool.com/the-clinic/self-help-conditions/chilblains/

  Here are seven commonly used homeopathic remedies for chilblains: […] This is recommended for chilblains that are intensely itchy and swollen and feel worse with warmth. It can help alleviate itching, reduce redness and promote healing. […] Beneficial for chilblains with open sores or cracks. It has antiseptic properties and can aid in preventing infection and promote healing of the affected skin. […] Suitable for chilblains that are swollen, itchy and have a bluish or reddish appearance. It is often used for individuals who experience shifting symptoms and feel better with cool applications. […] This remedy is indicated for chilblains with deep cracks, bleeding and severe itching. It can help moisturize the skin, reduce inflammation and promote healing. […] Recommended for chilblains that are slow to heal, have a tendency to suppurate or form abscesses and are worsened by cold air exposure. It helps support the body’s natural healing processes.

• #1 Help for Chilblains & Raynauds – CNM College of Naturopathic Medicine

  https://www.naturopathy-uk.com/news/blog/2017/01/25/chilblains-and-raynauds/

  Chilblains are painful blue or red patches that occur on the extremities after exposure to cold. They can be itchy, painful and in some cases they may become infected and ulcerate. They are caused by poor circulation and affect about 10% of people. […] As well as addressing the triggers of these conditions (ie. protect against exposure to cold and reduce emotional stress) the naturopathic approach is to improve circulation, and reduce inflammation which aggravates both these conditions. […] Warming anti-inflammatory spices such as cayenne, turmeric, black pepper, cinnamon and ginger should be taken daily. […] Vitamin E can also promote circulation so be sure to eat plenty of nuts and some seeds. […] Daily exercise and relaxation techniques are useful to combat stress and support healthy circulation.

• #1 Help for Chilblains & Raynauds – CNM College of Naturopathic Medicine

  https://www.naturopathy-uk.com/news/blog/2017/01/25/chilblains-and-raynauds/

  Many people start taking good quality fish oil, cod liver oil or flaxseed oil coming into the winter months to support circulation. Acupuncture and herbal circulatory supports such as ginkgo biloba are worth investigating. […] Geranium, lavender, pine bark and nutmeg essential oils can be used for therapeutic massage.

• #1 Pernio – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549842/

  The prognosis of pernio is overall excellent since lesions are rarely severe, and most cases of pernio can be resolved relatively easily without prolonged sequelae. In patients who develop pernio in association with chronic systemic conditions like CHLE, ensuring adequate control of the systemic illness along with symptomatic treatment of the pernio can aid in the rapid resolution of the pernio lesions.

• #1 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  http://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/chilblains-causes-symptoms-treatment

  Chilblains generally heal on their own within 1-week to 3-weeks, and also if the temperature increases and the air becomes warm and comfortable. […] In general, chilblains may not need any treatment and go on their own within 7 to 14 days. However, you can do the following things to get instant relief from them: […] Clean the affected area of your skin with an antiseptic lotion and cover it with a bandage. It will help you prevent infection. […] When it comes to treating chilblains, you may not always need to go to a doctor. However, if you do see a doctor, he or she will diagnose your condition by examining the affected area. […] Your doctor is likely to ask you to prevent exposure to cold as much as possible. […] If your chilblains do not go away even after doing all of these, your doctor will likely prescribe medications. It may include the following:

• #1 Chilblain Lupus: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21980-chilblain-lupus

  For mild chilblain lupus symptoms, you may only need to protect yourself from cold temperatures. If you smoke, your provider will also encourage you to quit. Smoking constricts your blood vessels, which can make chilblain lupus symptoms worse. […] Your provider may prescribe medications for moderate to severe chilblain lupus. Common medications include: […] Rarely, your provider may recommend surgery to treat chilblain lupus. Your provider may surgically remove chilblain sores and perform a skin graft. During a skin graft, your provider takes a small amount of healthy skin from one part of the body and safely transfers it to another. […] If you develop red or purple, itchy or painful sores on your fingers, heels, soles of your feet or toes, see your healthcare provider. Theyll be able to diagnose your condition and get you on your way to treatment. […] You can reduce your chance of developing chilblain lupus by protecting yourself from cold temperatures. […] With treatment and proper cold protection, many people manage symptoms well.

• #2 Chilblains (Pernio): Symptoms and Management — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chilblains

  Chilblains are tender and/or itchy bumps on acral sites following exposure to damp, cold, non-freezing conditions causing a localised form of vasculitis. […] Chilblains are seen in temperate climates rather than in countries with extreme cold where the air is often dry, and appropriate clothing and living conditions minimise the risk. […] Avoiding cold, wet environments if possible […] Wearing warm, dry clothing during cold weather to protect hands, feet, and ears […] Vigorous exercise to keep warm and improve circulation […] Keep indoor areas warm and dry […] Soaking hands in warm water before exposure […] Cessation of smoking and other vasoconstrictors. […] Topical nitroglycerine 0.2% […] Topical betamethasone valerate 0.1% twice daily may relieve itch. […] Nifedipine 2060 mg three times daily hastens healing time and reduces the risk of relapse […] Chilblains usually resolve spontaneously in 1-3 weeks. However, chilblains can become chronic. Recurrences may occur with subsequent exposures or annually.

• #2 Chilblains (perniosis) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chilblains

  Chilblains are not a serious condition and usually there are no long-term effects. […] Wear warm clothes, especially gloves and socks to prevent or improve chilblains. […] The best treatment is staying warm and protecting your affected skin. You need to keep your whole body warm, not just your feet and hands. This keeps your warm blood circulating. […] Other self-care measures include the following: try to avoid scratching, which can cause infection; use a moisturiser to relieve the itching; massage the affected area if it’s not too painful or ulcerated. […] Your doctor might suggest or prescribe: corticosteroid cream or ointment to reduce itching and swelling; applying dressings to the affected skin; medicine or patches to expand your blood vessels and increase blood flow to the affected areas.

• #2 The Royal College of Podiatry

  https://rcpod.org.uk/common-foot-problems/chilblains

  If you have developed chilblains do not scratch them. Instead use soothing lotions such as witch hazel and calamine to reduce the discomfort. […] If the chilblain has ulcerated, apply an antiseptic dressing. If you have diabetes or are undergoing medical treatment, it is important that you have the ulcer assessed by your GP or podiatrist. […] If the chilblain has not broken, you can paint it with a mixture of Friars Balsam and a weak solution of iodine which your pharmacist can make up for you, or an over-the-counter preparation. At night, rub some lanolin ointment into the feet to help retain the heat.

• #2 Chilblains (Pernio): What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21817-chilblains-pernio

  Chilblains are inflamed, painful skin patches. Typically, these patches develop after exposure to cold but not freezing air. Most of the time, chilblains heal without treatment. […] Your healthcare provider can offer medications, as well. […] Often, chilblains go away on their own as long as you avoid the cold and/or damp weather conditions. If you still have chilblains symptoms after two or three weeks, you may need to see a healthcare provider for treatment. […] Your provider may prescribe medications. These medicines can soothe pain or itching. Some medicines also lower your chances that chilblains will come back. […] You take oral medications by mouth. Options include: Nifedipine (Adalat), which helps dilate your blood vessels; Pentoxifylline (Trental, Pentoxil), which helps improve your circulation.

• #2 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/chilblains-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention

  The best way to manage chilblains is to prevent them from happening. Try to stick with these guidelines: If youve been out in cold weather, warm up gradually, not all at once. Keep your indoor air dry and warm. Bundle up and try to leave as little skin exposed as possible when you go outside. Layer loose-fitting clothing, wear a scarf and hat, cover your hands, and wear water-resistant shoes or boots. Soak your hands in warm water before going out. Only go out in the cold when you have to. Exercise every day to keep your body warm and improve your blood flow. Quit smoking. […] A corticosteroid cream can help ease itching, swelling, and pain and might help heal them faster, especially if the areas have broken open and become sores. Topical meds like triamcinolone 0.1% must be prescribed by your health care provider.

• #2 Chilblains (Pernio): What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21817-chilblains-pernio

  You apply topical medications to your skin. Options include: Nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitro-Bid); A steroid like betamethasone valerate (Beta-Val, Valisone). […] Some at-home remedies that may ease pain and swelling from chilblains include: Keeping your hands and feet warm (in mittens or hand warmers); Wearing layered clothing or blankets; Wearing a hat to help keep your whole body warm; Moisturizing the affected skin with unscented lotion; Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin); Soaking the affected skin in warm water for short periods of time only. […] If chilblains keep coming back, your healthcare provider may give you a medication to prevent chilblains from developing as frequently. […] While there’s no cure, staying warm and certain home remedies can help you manage the symptoms. Your healthcare provider can offer specific ways to take care of your skin.

• #2 Best treatments for chilblains | Choose Better · Treated UK

  https://uk.treated.com/blog/general-health/what-is-the-best-treatment-for-chilblains

  Balmosa is a topical cream containing menthol, camphor, methyl salicylate and capsicum: […] In some cases, chilblains can be painful, especially if they become swollen. Taking paracetamol or ibuprofen can help relieve the pain associated with chilblains. […] If you have persistent or severe chilblains then you might be prescribed a capsule called Nifedipine. This is a calcium blocker that relaxes the smooth muscles of the arteries, reducing resistance in blood flow which increases circulation. […] Topical steroids may also be prescribed to treat persistent chilblains. […] There are some things you can do at home to heal your chilblains faster. […] Even though these home remedies to treat chilblains may not always be successful, trying them can still be worthwhile because they can help to improve your health in other ways.

• #2

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8474327/

  We identified six clinical trials supporting the use of nifedipine for the treatment of chilblains, including a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed by Dowd et al. in 1986 (n = 10) which compared nifedipine to a retard preparation, and several randomized trials comparing nifedipine to diltiazem, topical 5% minoxidil, and topical glyceryl trinitrate. […] In 2008, Noaimi et al. conducted an open comparative study (n = 40) of oral pentoxifylline 400 mg PO three times vs oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day plus topical clobetasol ointment for 2 weeks. […] Pentoxifylline was shown to be superior to oral and topical corticosteroids. […] Despite topical corticosteroids being prescribed frequently for the treatment of chilblains, the level of evidence is poor, with only the only supporting study being a case series of topical fluocinolone in 1973.

• #2 How To Treat Chilblains at Home | The Footcare Clinic

  https://www.thefootcareclinic.com.au/how-to-treat-and-fix-chilblains/

  Chilblains: How do I treat chilblains at home? If you have chilblains, these are some home treatments you can try: Resist the urge to scratch, as this will further damage the skin. Use calamine lotion or witch hazel to soothe the itching. Rub Deep Heat or similar onto the feet to promote heat and circulation. Wear woollen or cotton socks. Keep your whole body warm. […] At our clinic we invest in the latest innovative technology and had great success with Low Level Laser Therapy to treat chilblains. So if home remedies aren’t helping then let us know! We’re here to help. […] We’ve found low level laser therapy to be a very effective treatment modality for chilblains. See if you could find a practitioner nearby that provides this service. […] We suggest you see a medical professional nearby that can help. We have used Laser therapy successfully for chilblains and this is a drug free treatment which many people prefer. Good luck! […] Laser therapy has been known to have great results for chilblains. Is there a clinic nearby that can provide that treatment for you? […] We use it at our clinic with great outcomes.

• #2 Chilblains (perniosis) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chilblains

  You can lower your risk of getting chilblains by: keeping your hands, feet and body warm; avoiding cold, damp and windy conditions; exercising regularly to improve your circulation; not smoking, as this affects your circulation. […] If you have severe chilblains that keep coming back, you may be advised to take medicine when the weather is cold. This will help to prevent the chilblains from returning. Talk to your doctor about whether this may be suitable for you.

• #2 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/chilblains-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention

  Chilblains will usually get better and go away without other treatment if you protect the areas from further cold or damp weather. If they still linger after several weeks, see your health care provider. […] Certain medications can improve your symptoms, make you more comfortable, and lessen the chances the chilblains will come back. Drugs your doctor might prescribe include: Oral medications, meaning you take them by mouth. Drugs such as nifedipine (Adalat) help widen your blood vessels. Pentoxifylline (Pentoxil, Trental) boosts your blood circulation. […] Commonly prescribed topical medications meaning you put them directly on your skin are nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitro-Bid) or a steroid such as betamethasone valerate (Beta-Val, Valisone). […] You can often treat chilblains on your own. Some ways include: Ease swelling and pain with over-the-counter, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Soak the areas with chilblains in warm water for brief periods of time. Use unscented lotion to keep your skin moist. Wear layered clothing and cover up with blankets to stay warm. Keep your hands and feet cozy with mittens or other hand warmers, socks, and slippers. Wear a hat. Even if the chilblains arent on your ears, hats help retain your body warmth. Avoid going out in wet, cold weather. Avoid smoking and drinking caffeinated beverages. Caffeine and nicotine hamper healthy blood flow.

• #2 Chilblains: Causes, Symptoms. and Treatment

  https://patient.info/foot-care/chilblains

  Chilblains treatment […] Although chilblains are uncomfortable, they do not usually cause any permanent damage. They will usually heal on their own if further exposure to the cold is avoided. There is no specific cure for chilblains. […] Keep the affected areas warm. This means staying out of the cold, or wearing warm gloves, socks, etc, when outdoors. […] No other treatment is normally needed, as they usually go away by themselves. […] A range of creams and lotions can be bought from a pharmacy. However, there is no evidence that any of these are of benefit so they are not recommended. […] Steroid creams are no longer recommended for the treatment (or prevention) of chilblains. […] If you smoke then you should try to stop, as smoking can make chilblains worse. […] Medicines are not usually needed. A medicine called nifedipine can open wide (dilate) the small blood vessels and may help to treat chilblains which are not settling within the normal time. Occasionally it may also be used to prevent chilblains in the winter months in people who have repeated symptoms.

• #2 Chilblains: Symptoms, complications, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172191

  Treatments for chilblains, which consist mainly of topical remedies and medications, are usually effective and the patient makes a full recovery within a couple of weeks. […] The patient can treat chilblains that have not developed into an infection or skin ulcer with OTC medications purchased at a pharmacy. […] According to guidance from the British National Health Service (NHS), patients have good results from applying a mixture of friars balsam and a weak iodine solution (ask the doctor). […] Corticosteroid cream this may help with symptoms of inflammation and itching. If the skin is cracked the individual should see a doctor. Corticosteroid cream is available to purchase over-the-counter or online. […] For more persistent cases, vasodilators such as nifedipine or diltiazem might be prescribed. Some believe Vitamin D and calcium supplements can ease symptoms, but this has not yet been scientifically proven.

• #2 Homeopathic Relief for Chilblains – Karen Leadbeater

  https://karenleadbeater.co.uk/homeopathic-relief-for-chilblains/

  Chilblains (also known as perniosis), occur when peripheral blood vessels (capillaries) are damaged from exposure to cold, damp conditions. This causes inflammation, with pain, redness and itching, and sometimes blistering or blue/purple discolouration. The hands, feet, face and ears are most typically affected. In severe cases there may be ulceration of the affected parts. A strong tendency to chilblains suggests an underlying constitutional weakness that will often respond to individualised treatment from a homeopath. Self treatment can often provide relief for the chilblains in the first instance. Below are the main remedies I have found useful in the first aid treatment of chilblains. […] Agaricus is one of the most frequently indicated remedies, with intense itching and burning. It is also the main remedy for chilblains that occur on the face and ears, as well as the extremities.

• #3 Chilblains | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/chilblains/

  Chilblains often get better on their own without treatment. […] A soothing lotion, such as calamine or witch hazel, can help relieve itching. A pharmacist can give you advice about the right product for you. […] If your chilblains are severe and keep returning, your GP may prescribe a medication called nifedipine. You take nifedipine as a daily tablet or capsule. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, improving your circulation. […] Nifedipine can help existing chilblains heal, or can be taken to stop them developing.

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