Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Migraine vs. Sinus Headaches | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/sinus-headaches/

  Migraine is commonly misdiagnosed as a sinus headache. […] Self-diagnosed sinus headache is nearly always migraine (90% of the time). […] Your diagnosis needs health practitioner confirmation for accuracy and the best treatment. […] In the absence of fever, pus from your nose, alteration in smell or foul-smelling breath, you likely have a migraine headache. […] A very large population-based study, entitled American Migraine Study II, showed that many people who were diagnosed with migraine thought they had “sinus” headache. […] The most common misdiagnosis was “sinus” headache. […] If pain continues, then your diagnosis should be reconsidered. […] In this study, the participants had at least six “sinus headaches” in the six months prior to entrance into the study. […] Eighty-eight percent of the participants were found to be having migraine headache and not a sinus headache.

• #1

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/sinus-headache/diagnosis-treatment

  How is a sinus headache diagnosed? Diagnosis typically involves: Discussing medical history, including symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers with a healthcare provider. Physical examination of the nasal passages and sinuses. Imaging tests such as a CT scan or X-rays may be conducted to evaluate the sinuses for abnormalities in some cases. Accurate diagnosis is essential for developing an effective treatment plan. […] For chronic sinus headaches, a healthcare provider may recommend further evaluation and tailored treatment strategies based on the individual’s needs.

• #1 Sinus Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/s/sinus-headaches.html

  Pressure around the eyes, forehead and cheeks usually means a sinus headache, but other conditions may be causing the discomfort. […] If your sinus headache does not respond to over-the-counter medications, you have a fever or the headache persists for more than 10 days, you should see a doctor. The doctor will conduct a physical examination and ask you about your headaches. The doctor may use an endoscope, which is a small, flexible tube, to look up into your sinuses. Mucus samples may also be taken to determine if a bacterial or fungal infection is present. In certain cases, a CT or MRI scan is used to check for other causes of sinus headaches.

• #1 Sinus headache • LITFL • Neurology library

  https://litfl.com/sinus-headache/

  Sinus headaches can be defined as pain over the sinus region of the face, especially the maxillary area and the periorbital region. The pain can vary and might even be pulsatile in nature. […] There is a common belief among patients, and some clinicians, that sinusitis is present and causing a headache whenever there is pain over the sinuses. […] Facial pain and pressure is typically thought of as one of the classic signs of sinus headaches, however, it is only one of the major criteria. […] Two major criteria or one major criterion plus two minor criteria are needed to support a diagnosis of sinus headache. […] The major criteria for sinus headaches include: Purulence in the nasal cavity, Facial pain, pressure, congestion, or fullness, Nasal obstruction, blockage, or discharge, Hyposmia and anosmia, Fever, Ear pain and fullness.

• #1 Sinus headache • LITFL • Neurology library

  https://litfl.com/sinus-headache/

  There are also five minor criteria for a sinus headache: Headache, Fatigue, Halitosis, Cough, Dental pain. […] There is usually some abnormality on computer tomography (CT) demonstrating mucosal thickening, clouding, sclerosis, and perhaps air fluid levels in the ethmoid sinuses. […] However, note that CT is not specific for bacterial sinusitis. […] Unless the clinician assesses the patient for findings associated with migraine, such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, laterality, throbbing pain, and aggravation with activity, the diagnosis of sinus headache may be erroneously made when migraine is actually present. […] The American Migraine Study II demonstrated that 42% of patients with all the criteria for migraine had been previously diagnosed with sinus headache. […] So, in order to accurately diagnose your patient, remember to differentiate migraine and sinus headaches by applying the criteria of the International Headache Society International Classification of Headache Disorders.

• #1 Sinus Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/sinus-headaches-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-5225690

  If you think you might have a sinus headache, you should make an appointment with an otolaryngologist, also known as an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, or contact your primary care physician. […] The diagnostic process may involve: […] Questions regarding your symptoms and medical history […] A physical examination, wherein the doctor may lightly press your face to check for tenderness, look in your nose to check for discharge and congestion, and shine a light through your sinuses to check for inflammation. […] A nasal endoscopy procedure, which involves inserting a thin tube with a tiny light and camera into your sinuses, to determine whether there is allergy or acute infection, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] Imaging tests such as an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that can reveal sinus blockages or help rule out other brain conditions. Your healthcare provider may suggest these if you have severe or unusual symptoms.

• #1 Chronic Sinusitis Diagnosis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis

  It can reveal potential causes and signs of chronic sinusitis, such as inflammation, a slow drainage of mucus from the sinuses, the presence of a deviated septum, enlarged turbinates, or nasal polyps. […] During an endoscopy, your doctor may decide to take a mucus or tissue sample for laboratory testing if a bacterial infection is suspected. […] In order to diagnose chronic sinusitis caused by an allergic reaction, your doctor asks you questions about your medical history, including whether you’ve tested positive in the past for any allergies. […] A CT scan may be recommended to complement nasal endoscopy if your doctor needs more detail about the extent of a sinus infection and the anatomy of the sinus cavities. […] A CT scan can reveal the extent and location of inflammation and polyps in the sinuses that may not be visible during a nasal endoscopy.

• #1 Sinus headache Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/sinus-headache

  Your doctor will ask questions to distinguish sinus headaches from migraines or tension headaches. […] If you have had a recent cold, allergy flare up, or symptoms of sinusitis, it will help your doctor make a diagnosis. […] Your doctor will look in your nose to check for congestion and nasal discharge. […] Your doctor will also press on areas of your face to check for tenderness. […] Your doctor may shine a light through the sinuses to look for sinus inflammation; if the light does not shine through, your sinuses may be congested. […] If your doctor suspects chronic sinusitis, you may need imaging tests, including an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] If your doctor suspects allergies may be causing your sinusitis, you may need an allergy test. […] Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist, known as an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor, or an otolaryngologist. […] This specialist may perform a nasal endoscopy using a fiber optic scope to look at your sinuses.

• #1 Diagnostic Dilemma of Sinus Headache and Migraine | THE ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL

  https://www.bibliomed.org/?mno=105434

  This review article aims to clarify and elucidate how to diagnose correctly sinus headache by discussing sinus headache as regards to its epidemiology, clinical picture, radiological investigations, as well as its medical and endoscopic management. […] Sinus headache is better to be diagnosed by exclusion and to be confirmed by nasal endoscopy before rushing into its treatment. […] Although it is neither sensitive nor specific in cases of chronic rhinosinusinusitis, plain X-ray is beneficial in the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis. […] Computed tomography (CT) is recommended, but it is not conclusive and it is important to know that a CT scan may remain abnormal even after endoscopic sinus surgery. […] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is excellent and it is the choice option wherever possible.

• #1 Diagnosing and treating sinus headaches | Medmastery

  https://www.medmastery.com/guides/headaches-clinical-guide/diagnosing-and-treating-sinus-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOoow1_Cco2Ndqu9vkEMR6xE7P8pjZVtjAKs1e0lLKvRNl0UYDSTv

  There are also five minor criteria for a sinus headache: Headache, Fatigue, Halitosis, Cough, Dental pain. […] There is usually some abnormality on computer tomography (CT) demonstrating mucosal thickening, clouding, sclerosis, and perhaps air fluid levels in the ethmoid sinuses. However, note that CT is not specific for bacterial sinusitis. […] Some primary headache syndromes have rhinorrhea-like symptoms. The complaint of nasal congestion as well as the patient noting improvement with sinus medication, often leads to an incorrect diagnosis of sinus headache. For example, over half of patients who have migraine also have nasal symptomatology. Unless the clinician assesses the patient for findings associated with migraine, such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, laterality, throbbing pain, and aggravation with activity, the diagnosis of sinus headache may be erroneously made when migraine is actually present. In fact, the American Migraine Study II demonstrated that 42% of patients with all the criteria for migraine had been previously diagnosed with sinus headache.

• #1 Sinus headache: Not what you think – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/your-sinus-headache-may-not-be-what-you-think

  Nearly everyone experiences a headache at some point, and the pain can range from mild to debilitating. […] The term „sinus headache” isn’t an actual medical diagnosis. Studies show that 90% of people with sinus headache symptoms are experiencing migraine headaches. […] Migraines and headaches from sinusitis are easy to confuse because the signs and symptoms of the two types of headaches may overlap. […] Sinusitis usually isn’t associated with nausea or vomiting or aggravated by noise or bright light, which are all common features of migraines. […] Headaches due to sinus disease often last several days or longer, while migraines most commonly last hours to a day or two. […] Many people who assume they have headaches from sinusitis have been misdiagnosed and prescribed an antibiotic for sinusitis.

• #1

  https://healthmatch.io/migraine/what-are-sinus-infection-migraines

  The difference between migraine and sinusitis is in the additional signs and symptoms you may be experiencing. […] According to a self-administering screening test for migraines called ID Migraine, which research has confirmed as a reliable method for screening, there are three questions to ask yourself to determine if you fit the criteria for migraines: […] According to the test, if you can answer 'yes’ to two or more of these questions, you will likely have migraines, not another condition like sinusitis. […] Just as a sinus headache is not the root cause of a migraine, neither is sinus pressure. […] According to one study, the incidence of migraines in participants with AR was just over eight times higher than in the control group. […] When experiencing a sinus headache, it is common to experience one or more of the following symptoms:

• #1 Sinus Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/sinus-headaches-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-5225690

  It’s important to note that migraine headaches are often misdiagnosed as sinus headaches. […] Physicians need to familiarize themselves with these concepts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of migraines, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] Migraine medication can in fact be used as a diagnostic tool, in addition to being a mode of treatment, according to a 2021 study. […] If taking migraine medication offers relief from the headache in a matter of hours, it was probably a migraine rather than a sinus headache, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] However, there may be a misdiagnosis if clinicians use antibiotic medication to treat sinus headaches, explains Dr. Gottschalk. […] Dr. Gottschalk explains that this can be problematic not only because you have to contend with the headache for a few days instead of a few hours, but also because it leads to the unnecessary use of antibiotics, which increases the risk of drug-resistant bacteria.

• #1 Migraine misdiagnosis as a sinusitis, a delay that can last for many years | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-97

  Sinusitis is the most frequent misdiagnosis given to patients with migraine. […] A total of 130 migraine patients were recruited. Of these patients 106 (81.5%) were misdiagnosed as sinusitis. […] Many migraine patients were misdiagnosed as sinusitis. Strict adherence to the diagnostic criteria will prevent the delay in migraine diagnosis and help to prevent chronification of the headache and possible MOH. […] The similarity of sinusitis symptoms and migraine complicates the diagnostic evaluation process. […] Migraine can be mistaken for rhinosinusitis because of similarity in location of the headache and the commonly accompanying nasal autonomic symptoms. […] We demonstrated that chronic migraine was significantly higher in patients misdiagnosed with sinusitis. MOH was reported only in those patients. A delay in the diagnosis of migraine led to chronification of the headache and transformation, in some cases, into MOH.

• #1 UC Davis Health | Department of Otolaryngology | Diagnosis of Sinusitis

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/otolaryngology/specialty/sinus-center/diagnosis-of-sinusitis.html

  Each of these modalities (i.e., history and physical examination, nasal endoscopy, and CT scan) plays an important role in the diagnosis of sinusitis. Any single study in isolation is of much less value, while the use of all four modalities is most effective in making an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

• #1 Sinus Headaches: Symptoms, Causes & Relief

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9641-sinus-headaches

  A sinus headache is a symptom of sinus infections (sinusitis). […] Your healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. If your symptoms are severe or ongoing, you may also need imaging tests like X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans. […] Imaging tests show if your sinuses are blocked. If they aren’t, it may mean you have a different issue like a migraine or a tension headache. Migraine headaches and sinus headaches have common symptoms. Studies suggest 80% of people who thought they had sinus headaches had migraines. […] Most sinus headaches go away when sinus infections clear. Talk to a healthcare provider if your sinus issues don’t go away within a week or so. […] A healthcare provider will do tests to diagnose the issue.

• #1 Migraine misdiagnosis as a sinusitis, a delay that can last for many years | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-97

  We found that the diagnosis of migraine was delayed in more than 80% of our cohort up to 38 years. […] The majority of our patients had at least one investigation looking at the sinuses which were all normal. […] We demonstrated that 56% of the misdiagnosed patients had consulted a primary care physician and 44% of them an otorhinolaryngology specialist before the diagnosis of migraine was made. […] An appropriate recognition of migraine in patients who complain about sinus headaches may help to minimize the suffering and unnecessary interventions, start migraine directed therapy and improve quality of life. […] In conclusion, symptoms suggestive of sinusitis are frequently seen in migraine patients and may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of migraine. General practitioner and otorhinolaryngology specialist should be aware of the diagnostic criteria for migraine and consider it in their differential diagnosis of patients suffering from sinusitis.

• #1 Sinus Headache That Won’t Go Away or Migraine? — Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/when-sinusitis-is-actually-a-migraine/

  One study found 88 percent of 2,991 patients seeing their primary care doctor for „sinus headaches” were ultimately diagnosed with migraine. […] Most people who see an ENT specialist for sinus headaches are also most often diagnosed with migraine. […] Clearly, distinguishing between migraine and sinusitis is difficult. If you are unsure which type you have, make a checklist of your symptoms and schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider today. Getting information on the right treatment options for your condition can help you find relief and keep your symptoms from escalating! […] Sinus headaches and migraine are commonly mistaken for one another, with research revealing that a significant majority of those believed to be suffering from sinus headaches are actually experiencing migraine attacks. This misconception can lead to misdiagnosed conditions and improper treatments. If you are enduring a sinus headache that won’t go away, despite attempts with over-the-counter remedies, it might be time to consult a specialist.

• #1 Wrong Diagnosis of Sinus Headache Can Lead to Inappropriate Treatment – ENTtoday

  https://www.enttoday.org/article/wrong-diagnosis-of-sinus-headache-can-lead-to-inappropriate-treatment/

  A consensus panel of physicians who treat patients reporting sinus and facial pain strongly recommend the use of all diagnostic tools available to determine the root cause of the headache-whether it is neurological or physiological, migraine or sinus. […] The ENT physician is obligated to rule out sinus as the cause of a headache. […] Headache specialists consider sinus headache to be relatively rare, even when there is demonstrable noninfectious sinus inflammation, wrote Dr. Setzen and his co-authors from the consensus panel. […] The ENT physician is obligated to rule out sinus as the cause of a headache, said Neil Bhattacharyya, MD, Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Mass. There is wide variability in symptoms and manifestation of chronic sinusitis, he added. Everyone who has blocked sinuses will not have a headache and every headache is not a sinus headache. But the pendulum is swinging far beyond this to say that there is no such thing as a sinus headache, Dr. Bhattacharyya argues.

• #2 Sinus HeadachesVisit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/sinus-headaches/

  Migraine is commonly misdiagnosed as a sinus headache. Self-diagnosed sinus headache is nearly always migraine (90% of the time). Your diagnosis needs health practitioner confirmation for accuracy and the best treatment. […] True sinus headache, more properly called rhinosinusitis, is rare and secondary to a viral or bacterial sinus infection characterized by thick, discolored nasal discharge, possibly decreased smell or no smell, facial pain or pressure and commonly fever. […] In this study, almost 3,000 patients with the complaint of sinus headache were taking lots of over the counter and prescription decongestants, antihistamines, nasal sprays, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory medications. However, there was a lot of patient dissatisfaction with their results. […] If you feel that your sinus headaches could be migraine, ask your provider if a migraine-specific medication could be right for you.

• #2 Sinus headache Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/sinus-headache

  Your doctor will ask questions to distinguish sinus headaches from migraines or tension headaches. […] If you have had a recent cold, allergy flare up, or symptoms of sinusitis, it will help your doctor make a diagnosis. […] Your doctor will look in your nose to check for congestion and nasal discharge. […] Your doctor will also press on areas of your face to check for tenderness. […] Your doctor may shine a light through the sinuses to look for sinus inflammation; if the light does not shine through, your sinuses may be congested. […] If your doctor suspects chronic sinusitis, you may need imaging tests, including an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] If your doctor suspects allergies may be causing your sinusitis, you may need an allergy test. […] Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist, known as an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor, or an otolaryngologist. […] This specialist may perform a nasal endoscopy using a fiber optic scope to look at your sinuses.

• #2 Diagnosing and treating sinus headaches | Medmastery

  https://www.medmastery.com/guides/headaches-clinical-guide/diagnosing-and-treating-sinus-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOoow1_Cco2Ndqu9vkEMR6xE7P8pjZVtjAKs1e0lLKvRNl0UYDSTv

  Sinus headaches can be defined as pain over the sinus region of the face, especially the maxillary area and the periorbital region. The pain can vary and might even be pulsatile in nature. […] There is a common belief among patients, and some clinicians, that sinusitis is present and causing a headache whenever there is pain over the sinuses. And, applying pressure over the sinuses may induce discomfort in patients with a sinus headache. So, facial pain and pressure is typically thought of as one of the classic signs of sinus headaches, however, it is only one of the major criteria. […] The major criteria for sinus headaches are the following: Purulence in the nasal cavity, Facial pain, pressure, congestion, or fullness, Nasal obstruction, blockage, or discharge, Hyposmia and anosmia, Fever, Ear pain and fullness.

• #2 Diagnosing and treating sinus headaches | Medmastery

  https://www.medmastery.com/guides/headaches-clinical-guide/diagnosing-and-treating-sinus-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOoow1_Cco2Ndqu9vkEMR6xE7P8pjZVtjAKs1e0lLKvRNl0UYDSTv

  There are also five minor criteria for a sinus headache: Headache, Fatigue, Halitosis, Cough, Dental pain. […] There is usually some abnormality on computer tomography (CT) demonstrating mucosal thickening, clouding, sclerosis, and perhaps air fluid levels in the ethmoid sinuses. However, note that CT is not specific for bacterial sinusitis. […] Some primary headache syndromes have rhinorrhea-like symptoms. The complaint of nasal congestion as well as the patient noting improvement with sinus medication, often leads to an incorrect diagnosis of sinus headache. For example, over half of patients who have migraine also have nasal symptomatology. Unless the clinician assesses the patient for findings associated with migraine, such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, laterality, throbbing pain, and aggravation with activity, the diagnosis of sinus headache may be erroneously made when migraine is actually present. In fact, the American Migraine Study II demonstrated that 42% of patients with all the criteria for migraine had been previously diagnosed with sinus headache.

• #2 Sinus headache • LITFL • Neurology library

  https://litfl.com/sinus-headache/

  Sinus headaches can be defined as pain over the sinus region of the face, especially the maxillary area and the periorbital region. The pain can vary and might even be pulsatile in nature. […] There is a common belief among patients, and some clinicians, that sinusitis is present and causing a headache whenever there is pain over the sinuses. […] Facial pain and pressure is typically thought of as one of the classic signs of sinus headaches, however, it is only one of the major criteria. […] Two major criteria or one major criterion plus two minor criteria are needed to support a diagnosis of sinus headache. […] The major criteria for sinus headaches include: Purulence in the nasal cavity, Facial pain, pressure, congestion, or fullness, Nasal obstruction, blockage, or discharge, Hyposmia and anosmia, Fever, Ear pain and fullness.

• #2 UC Davis Health | Department of Otolaryngology | Diagnosis of Sinusitis

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/otolaryngology/specialty/sinus-center/diagnosis-of-sinusitis.html

  The symptoms of sinusitis are not unique to the disease itself. Other disease processes can mimic sinusitis including the common cold, allergies, migraine headache, chronic daily headache, myofascial pain, temporomandibular joint or jaw pain, rhinitis medicamentosa, and even sleep apnea. Therefore an accurate diagnosis requires a thorough history and physical examination. This will document the timing, duration, severity of the symptoms, what interventions have previously been performed and the success of each. […] Nasal endoscopy is also used to make the diagnosis of sinusitis. This procedure involves passing a fiber-optic telescope, or „endoscope,” into the nose and examining the interior of the nasal cavity. […] While nasal endoscopy plays a major role in the diagnosis of sinusitis, this procedure can only give information about the openings of the sinuses (unless the patient has had previous surgery to widen the natural openings). Therefore another tool, called computerized tomography or a CT scan, is used to visualize the sinus interior. The CT scan provides information about swelling within the sinuses and also provides a road map of sinus anatomy should surgery be necessary.

• #2 Patient education: Headache causes and diagnosis in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-causes-and-diagnosis-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Sinus headache — Recurrent headaches related to sinus infections are uncommon. When they do occur, they typically occur along with thick yellow, green, or brown mucus from the nose. Many, if not most, people diagnosed with sinus headaches actually have migraine headaches. […] Sinus-related pain usually lasts for several days (unlike a typical migraine) and does not cause nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to noise or light (as seen in migraine). The headache from a sinus infection improves as nasal discharge improves. […] HEADACHE DIAGNOSIS — Health care providers typically use a person’s description of their headache, in combination with an examination, to determine the type of headache. Some people have more than one type of headache. […] Most people do not need X-rays or other imaging tests. A computed tomography (CT) scan (or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) may be recommended in some circumstances, for example, if symptoms are unusual, if there are any danger signs (see 'Headache danger signs’ above), or if there are any abnormalities seen during the examination. Other possible reasons for brain imaging include: […] A sudden change in the pattern of headaches […] Headaches that steadily worsen despite treatment […] Signs or symptoms that suggest that another medical condition may be causing symptoms.

• #2 Diagnostic Dilemma of Sinus Headache and Migraine | THE ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL

  https://www.bibliomed.org/?mno=105434

  This review article aims to clarify and elucidate how to diagnose correctly sinus headache by discussing sinus headache as regards to its epidemiology, clinical picture, radiological investigations, as well as its medical and endoscopic management. […] Sinus headache is better to be diagnosed by exclusion and to be confirmed by nasal endoscopy before rushing into its treatment. […] Although it is neither sensitive nor specific in cases of chronic rhinosinusinusitis, plain X-ray is beneficial in the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis. […] Computed tomography (CT) is recommended, but it is not conclusive and it is important to know that a CT scan may remain abnormal even after endoscopic sinus surgery. […] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is excellent and it is the choice option wherever possible.

• #2 Sinus Headache Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Medicine

  https://www.medicinenet.com/sinus_headache/article.htm

  What tests diagnose the causes of a sinus headache? […] The cause of the headache must be diagnosed. Many patients who believe that they have sinus headaches may instead have migraines or tension headaches. […] The healthcare professional will likely begin by taking a history of the symptoms to help come to the diagnosis. […] Physical examination may reveal tenderness to percussion, or tapping, over the affected sinus that reproduces the pain. […] Routine X-rays of the face are not recommended to make the diagnosis of sinusitis or sinus infection. If the doctor considers imaging studies of the sinuses, it is to confirm the diagnosis and look for fluid collections or thickening of the mucus membranes that line the sinus walls. A limited CT scan of the sinuses is often recommended. […] Usually, a sinus headache can be cured with treatment, which can be two-fold.

• #2 Sinus headache: Not what you think – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/your-sinus-headache-may-not-be-what-you-think

  Nearly everyone experiences a headache at some point, and the pain can range from mild to debilitating. […] The term „sinus headache” isn’t an actual medical diagnosis. Studies show that 90% of people with sinus headache symptoms are experiencing migraine headaches. […] Migraines and headaches from sinusitis are easy to confuse because the signs and symptoms of the two types of headaches may overlap. […] Sinusitis usually isn’t associated with nausea or vomiting or aggravated by noise or bright light, which are all common features of migraines. […] Headaches due to sinus disease often last several days or longer, while migraines most commonly last hours to a day or two. […] Many people who assume they have headaches from sinusitis have been misdiagnosed and prescribed an antibiotic for sinusitis.

• #2 Migraine vs. Sinus Headaches | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/sinus-headaches/

  Research studies show how common sinus symptoms occur with migraine. […] If two of the above three criteria are present, migraine is likely 93% of the time. […] If all three are present, a migraine diagnosis is 98% likely. […] Take-Home Point: Go beyond the nasal and sinus congestion and the facial pain and pressure; look for a headache associated with the inability to function normally at work, school, home or social functions, nausea, sensitivity to light and triggers such as weather change, menses, and stress. […] If you feel that your sinus headaches could be migraine, ask your provider if a migraine-specific medication could be right for you. […] In summary, most “sinus headache” is migraine with sinus symptoms. Knowing this can help with getting the right diagnosis and treatment.

• #2 Sinus Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/sinus-headaches-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-5225690

  It’s important to note that migraine headaches are often misdiagnosed as sinus headaches. […] Physicians need to familiarize themselves with these concepts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of migraines, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] Migraine medication can in fact be used as a diagnostic tool, in addition to being a mode of treatment, according to a 2021 study. […] If taking migraine medication offers relief from the headache in a matter of hours, it was probably a migraine rather than a sinus headache, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] However, there may be a misdiagnosis if clinicians use antibiotic medication to treat sinus headaches, explains Dr. Gottschalk. […] Dr. Gottschalk explains that this can be problematic not only because you have to contend with the headache for a few days instead of a few hours, but also because it leads to the unnecessary use of antibiotics, which increases the risk of drug-resistant bacteria.

• #2 Wrong Diagnosis of Sinus Headache Can Lead to Inappropriate Treatment – ENTtoday

  https://www.enttoday.org/article/wrong-diagnosis-of-sinus-headache-can-lead-to-inappropriate-treatment/

  A consensus panel of physicians who treat patients reporting sinus and facial pain strongly recommend the use of all diagnostic tools available to determine the root cause of the headache-whether it is neurological or physiological, migraine or sinus. […] The ENT physician is obligated to rule out sinus as the cause of a headache. […] Headache specialists consider sinus headache to be relatively rare, even when there is demonstrable noninfectious sinus inflammation, wrote Dr. Setzen and his co-authors from the consensus panel. […] The ENT physician is obligated to rule out sinus as the cause of a headache, said Neil Bhattacharyya, MD, Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Mass. There is wide variability in symptoms and manifestation of chronic sinusitis, he added. Everyone who has blocked sinuses will not have a headache and every headache is not a sinus headache. But the pendulum is swinging far beyond this to say that there is no such thing as a sinus headache, Dr. Bhattacharyya argues.

• #2 Sinus Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/s/sinus-headaches.html

  Pressure around the eyes, forehead and cheeks usually means a sinus headache, but other conditions may be causing the discomfort. […] If your sinus headache does not respond to over-the-counter medications, you have a fever or the headache persists for more than 10 days, you should see a doctor. The doctor will conduct a physical examination and ask you about your headaches. The doctor may use an endoscope, which is a small, flexible tube, to look up into your sinuses. Mucus samples may also be taken to determine if a bacterial or fungal infection is present. In certain cases, a CT or MRI scan is used to check for other causes of sinus headaches.

• #2 Sinus Headache That Won’t Go Away or Migraine? — Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/when-sinusitis-is-actually-a-migraine/

  One study found 88 percent of 2,991 patients seeing their primary care doctor for „sinus headaches” were ultimately diagnosed with migraine. […] Most people who see an ENT specialist for sinus headaches are also most often diagnosed with migraine. […] Clearly, distinguishing between migraine and sinusitis is difficult. If you are unsure which type you have, make a checklist of your symptoms and schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider today. Getting information on the right treatment options for your condition can help you find relief and keep your symptoms from escalating! […] Sinus headaches and migraine are commonly mistaken for one another, with research revealing that a significant majority of those believed to be suffering from sinus headaches are actually experiencing migraine attacks. This misconception can lead to misdiagnosed conditions and improper treatments. If you are enduring a sinus headache that won’t go away, despite attempts with over-the-counter remedies, it might be time to consult a specialist.

• #2 Sinus Headache Symptoms and Relief: Know the Causes and Treatments

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pain-management/headache/sinus-headache.aspx

  For some people, the classic symptoms of a sinus infection, including nasal congestion and discharge, are also accompanied by a dull ache or feeling of pressure in the head and face. This is often called a sinus headache. […] Research suggests that most people who believe they have a sinus headache may actually be experiencing a migraine attack. […] Not all headaches that feel sinus-related are due to sinus disease, says Dr. Trenkle. These headaches might instead be atypical migraine attacks (those that dont follow the usual migraine patterns) that mimic sinus symptoms, he adds. While migraine symptoms usually include throbbing pain, sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes nausea, atypical migraine attacks might manifest as pressure in your sinuses or pain in your face. […] Be sure to get persistent headaches checked out, says Dr. Trenkle. You may be dealing with a sinus infection, migraine, or something else, and getting the right diagnosis means you’ll receive the most effective and timely treatment.

• #2 Sinus Headache: Differential Diagnosis and an Evidence-Based Approach – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32703695/

  The diagnosis „sinus headache” has been reclassified as „headache attributed to disorder of the nose or paranasal sinuses” by the International Headache Society, but the term is still commonly used by patients and primary care doctors alike. […] Patients may undergo unnecessary medical interventions because of inadequate understanding of the classifications and management of various headache disorders. […] A systematic approach to the differential diagnosis and utilization of a multidisciplinary approach are critical in providing optimal patient care.

• #3 Sinus headache Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/sinus-headache

  Your doctor will ask questions to distinguish sinus headaches from migraines or tension headaches. […] If you have had a recent cold, allergy flare up, or symptoms of sinusitis, it will help your doctor make a diagnosis. […] Your doctor will look in your nose to check for congestion and nasal discharge. […] Your doctor will also press on areas of your face to check for tenderness. […] Your doctor may shine a light through the sinuses to look for sinus inflammation; if the light does not shine through, your sinuses may be congested. […] If your doctor suspects chronic sinusitis, you may need imaging tests, including an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] If your doctor suspects allergies may be causing your sinusitis, you may need an allergy test. […] Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist, known as an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor, or an otolaryngologist. […] This specialist may perform a nasal endoscopy using a fiber optic scope to look at your sinuses.

• #3 Diagnosing sinus headaches | Medmastery

  https://www.medmastery.com/magazine/diagnosing-sinus-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOoqXVTDhuwayZ3S1peJ-RjigSucc_E9kxdTJAbf5qxlsVHN-mjd5

  In this video, we use the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria to diagnose sinus headaches by differentiating sinus-related headaches from migraines. […] Over 50% of patients who have migraine headaches also have nasal symptomatology. […] Unless the clinician assesses a patient for findings associated with migraines, a diagnosis of sinus headache may be made when a migraine is actually present. […] The major criteria include: purulence in the nasal cavity, facial pain, pressure, congestion or fullness, nasal obstruction, blockage or discharge hyposmia and anosmia, fever, ear pain and fullness. […] Two major criteria, or one major criteria and two minor criteria are needed to support a diagnosis. […] The most likely locations for sinusitis are within the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses.

• #3 UC Davis Health | Department of Otolaryngology | Diagnosis of Sinusitis

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/otolaryngology/specialty/sinus-center/diagnosis-of-sinusitis.html

  The symptoms of sinusitis are not unique to the disease itself. Other disease processes can mimic sinusitis including the common cold, allergies, migraine headache, chronic daily headache, myofascial pain, temporomandibular joint or jaw pain, rhinitis medicamentosa, and even sleep apnea. Therefore an accurate diagnosis requires a thorough history and physical examination. This will document the timing, duration, severity of the symptoms, what interventions have previously been performed and the success of each. […] Nasal endoscopy is also used to make the diagnosis of sinusitis. This procedure involves passing a fiber-optic telescope, or „endoscope,” into the nose and examining the interior of the nasal cavity. […] While nasal endoscopy plays a major role in the diagnosis of sinusitis, this procedure can only give information about the openings of the sinuses (unless the patient has had previous surgery to widen the natural openings). Therefore another tool, called computerized tomography or a CT scan, is used to visualize the sinus interior. The CT scan provides information about swelling within the sinuses and also provides a road map of sinus anatomy should surgery be necessary.

• #3 Sinusitis Diagnosis: How Do Doctors Diagnose A Sinus Infection

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitus-test

  Your doctor will talk to you about your symptoms. They’ll likely perform one of several tests to find out if you have a sinus infection. […] A CT scan can help your doctor see your full sinus cavity. It can also tell them where the swelling is located and if the sinus infection has spread. A CT scan can also find growths (polyps) in your nasal cavity that other tests missed.

• #3

  https://healthmatch.io/migraine/what-are-sinus-infection-migraines

  The difference between migraine and sinusitis is in the additional signs and symptoms you may be experiencing. […] According to a self-administering screening test for migraines called ID Migraine, which research has confirmed as a reliable method for screening, there are three questions to ask yourself to determine if you fit the criteria for migraines: […] According to the test, if you can answer 'yes’ to two or more of these questions, you will likely have migraines, not another condition like sinusitis. […] Just as a sinus headache is not the root cause of a migraine, neither is sinus pressure. […] According to one study, the incidence of migraines in participants with AR was just over eight times higher than in the control group. […] When experiencing a sinus headache, it is common to experience one or more of the following symptoms:

• #3 Sinus Headache That Won’t Go Away or Migraine? — Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/when-sinusitis-is-actually-a-migraine/

  People who have a sinus headache that wont go away might learn they, in fact, have a different diagnosis: migraine. Nearly 9 out of 10 presumed sinus headache cases are actually migraine in disguise. […] Sinusitis and migraine can often coexist, making these even trickier to diagnose and manage. Many internists and ER doctors misdiagnose headache types, leading to ineffective recommendations for treatment. […] If you have a sinus headache or sinus pressure that won’t go away despite over-the-counter allergy medications or pain relievers, you should strongly consider seeing a specialist such as a neurologist, headache specialist, or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician. Your head pain may not be a „sinus headache.” […] The large majority of sinus headache patients satisfy the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine. Furthermore, the most common cause of sinus headaches for which patients present to their primary care provider is, in fact, migraine.

• #3 Sinus headache: Symptoms, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321012

  Sinus headaches occur due to pressure inside a persons sinuses, causing pain. […] Doctors may recommend over-the-counter and prescription medications for sinus headaches. […] Sinus headaches often occur due to a sinus infection, or sinusitis. […] Treatment depends on the cause, but people can usually manage sinus headaches at home. […] If OTC treatments do not work, a doctor may prescribe decongestant medication. […] For bacterial infections that do not improve on their own, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. […] If someone repeatedly experiences a sinus headache or has sinusitis for months, a doctor may refer them to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. […] The ENT specialist will ask about symptoms, take a medical history, and examine the persons nose and face. […] If a sinus headache does not improve within 10 days or keeps recurring, a person should seek medical advice.

• #4 Chronic sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351667

  A health care provider might ask about symptoms and do an exam. The exam might include feeling for tenderness in the nose and face and looking inside the nose. […] Other ways to diagnose chronic sinusitis and rule out other conditions include: Nasal endoscopy. A health care provider inserts a thin, flexible tube, known as an endoscope, into the nose. A light on the tube allows a care provider to see inside the sinuses. […] Imaging tests. CT or MRI scans can show details of the sinuses and nasal area. These images might pinpoint the cause of chronic sinusitis. […] Nasal and sinus samples. Lab tests aren’t often used to diagnose chronic sinusitis. But, if the condition doesn’t get better with treatment or gets worse, tissue samples from the nose or sinuses might help find the cause. […] An allergy test. If allergies might be causing chronic sinusitis, an allergy skin test might show the cause. […] For chronic sinusitis, questions to ask your provider include: What tests do I need? […] Your care provider is likely to ask you questions, such as: What, if anything, seems to make your symptoms better? […] What, if anything, appears to make your symptoms worse?

• #4 Chronic Sinusitis Diagnosis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis

  Sinusitis is an infection in the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces or cavities surrounding the nasal cavity and eyes. […] If an infection persists for more than 12 weeks, sinusitis is considered chronic. […] In order to determine which type is causing your symptoms and to recommend the most appropriate treatment, your doctor performs a physical exam and asks you about your medical history, including the frequency and severity of your symptoms. […] He or she then closely examines your nasal passages and sinus cavities to determine if there are signs of obstruction, inflammation, infection, or polyps. […] Your doctor may recommend certain diagnostic tests to determine the cause of your symptoms. […] Fiberoptic nasal endoscopy is a diagnostic exam that provides detailed images of sinus cavities and nasal passages.

• #4 Sinus Headaches – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/sinus-headaches

  Youll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. […] Usually, your doctor can tell if your sinuses are blocked based on your symptoms and a physical exam, but in some cases, you may need CT or MRI scans. […] To treat sinus headaches, you can try pain relievers, decongestants, nasal sprays, and home remedies such as drinking fluids and using steam. […] Allergies can cause sinus congestion, which may lead to headaches, but treating allergies won’t necessarily stop the pain. You might need to address both the congestion and headache separately to feel better. […] Most sinus headaches usually last 7-10 days. If it lasts longer, you may want to see your doctor. You could have a migraine or a bacterial or fungal infection. In either case, you may need meds to help. […] Sinus infections and headaches can be triggered by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, polyps in your nose, a deviated septum, or dental problems. Secondhand smoke or even changes in air pressure can also be triggers for some people.

• #5 Sinus headache Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/sinus-headache

  Your doctor will ask questions to distinguish sinus headaches from migraines or tension headaches. […] If you have had a recent cold, allergy flare up, or symptoms of sinusitis, it will help your doctor make a diagnosis. […] Your doctor will look in your nose to check for congestion and nasal discharge. […] Your doctor will also press on areas of your face to check for tenderness. […] Your doctor may shine a light through the sinuses to look for sinus inflammation; if the light does not shine through, your sinuses may be congested. […] If your doctor suspects chronic sinusitis, you may need imaging tests, including an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] If your doctor suspects allergies may be causing your sinusitis, you may need an allergy test. […] Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist, known as an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor, or an otolaryngologist. […] This specialist may perform a nasal endoscopy using a fiber optic scope to look at your sinuses.

• #6 Sinus Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/sinus-headaches-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-5225690

  If you think you might have a sinus headache, you should make an appointment with an otolaryngologist, also known as an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, or contact your primary care physician. […] The diagnostic process may involve: […] Questions regarding your symptoms and medical history […] A physical examination, wherein the doctor may lightly press your face to check for tenderness, look in your nose to check for discharge and congestion, and shine a light through your sinuses to check for inflammation. […] A nasal endoscopy procedure, which involves inserting a thin tube with a tiny light and camera into your sinuses, to determine whether there is allergy or acute infection, says Dr. Gottschalk. […] Imaging tests such as an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that can reveal sinus blockages or help rule out other brain conditions. Your healthcare provider may suggest these if you have severe or unusual symptoms.

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