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• #1 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medicines and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to your needs. […] Headache treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your headache. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a headache to relieve the pain immediately. You only take these medications as needed when you have severe headache. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines or other treatments you use on a regular (often daily) basis to prevent headaches in the future. You use these treatments as scheduled regardless of whether or not you have a headache at the time. […] Preventive therapy is recommended for people with tension-type headaches that are frequent, such as those that occur nine or more days each month. Preventive therapy is also recommended when headaches are long-lasting or have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do their normal activities.

• #2 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  Your doctor will likely examine you for signs of illness, infection or neurological problems and ask about your headache history. […] If the cause of your headaches remains uncertain, your doctor might order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to look for an underlying medical condition. […] Treatment for an underlying condition often stops frequent headaches. If no such condition is found, treatment focuses on preventing pain. […] Prevention strategies vary, depending on the type of headache you have and whether medication overuse is contributing to your headaches. If you’re taking pain relievers more than three days a week, the first step might be to wean yourself off these drugs with your doctor’s guidance. […] When you’re ready to begin preventive therapy, your doctor may recommend:

• #3 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  Headaches are a very common condition that most people will experience many times during their lives. […] While most headaches aren’t dangerous, certain types can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Primary headaches typically aren’t dangerous, but they can be very painful and disrupt your day-to-day life. […] Treatment for headaches depends on the type. […] One of the most crucial aspects of treating primary headaches is figuring out your triggers. […] Not every headache requires medication. A range of treatments is available. Depending on your headache type, frequency and cause, treatment options include: Stress management, Biofeedback, Medications, Treating the underlying medical condition/cause. […] Treatment for secondary headaches involves treating the underlying medical condition causing it.

• #4 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medicines and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to your needs. […] Headache treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your headache. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a headache to relieve the pain immediately. You only take these medications as needed when you have severe headache. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines or other treatments you use on a regular (often daily) basis to prevent headaches in the future. You use these treatments as scheduled regardless of whether or not you have a headache at the time. […] Preventive therapy is recommended for people with tension-type headaches that are frequent, such as those that occur nine or more days each month. Preventive therapy is also recommended when headaches are long-lasting or have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do their normal activities.

• #5 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Migraine treatment involves acute (abortive) and preventive (prophylactic) therapy. Patients with frequent attacks usually require both. Measures directed toward reducing migraine triggers are also generally advisable. […] Acute treatment aims to reverse, or at least stop, the progression of a headache that has started. Preventive treatment, which is given even in the absence of a headache, aims to reduce the frequency and severity of the migraine attack, make acute attacks more responsive to abortive therapy, and perhaps also improve the patient’s quality of life. […] Migraine-specific medications and analgesia are key elements of ED care. […] Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation therapy are frequently effective against migraine headaches and may be used adjunctively with pharmacologic treatments.

• #6 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #7 Headache Treatment Options and Remedies

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/understanding-headache-treatment-medref

  When you have a splitting headache, all you can think about is how to stop the pain. Fortunately, there are many treatment options for headaches, including medications, home remedies, and even medical devices that can bring relief. You can also adopt lifestyle changes and other strategies that help prevent headaches. […] Work with your doctor to develop a headache treatment and prevention plan thats right for you. Here are some common treatment options for different types of headaches. […] Some common treatments that can help ease and prevent tension headaches include: […] OTC pain relievers. […] Antidepressants. […] Anti-seizure medications. […] Muscle relaxants. […] Medications that can treat migraine attacks include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). […] Triptans.

• #8 Headaches: Causes, types, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/headaches

  Headaches are a common health problem that most people experience at some time. […] Frequent or severe headaches can affect a persons quality of life. Knowing how to recognize the type of headache and its cause can help a person take appropriate action. […] Rest and pain relief medication are the main treatments for headaches. […] Options include: over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; prescription pain relief medications; preventive medication for specific conditions, such as migraine; other treatments for underlying conditions. […] It is crucial for a person to follow their doctors guidance to prevent medication overuse headaches. […] Treating medication overuse headaches involves reducing or stopping the medication. A doctor can help develop a plan to ease off the medication safely.

• #9 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Tension-type headache – self-care; Muscle contraction headache – self-care; Headache – benign – self-care; Headache – tension- self-care; Chronic headaches – tension – self-care; Rebound headaches – tension – self-care […] Hot or cold showers or baths may relieve a headache for some people. You may also want to rest in a quiet room with a cool cloth on your forehead. […] Gently massaging your head and neck muscles may provide relief. […] Over-the-counter pain medicine, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen, may relieve pain. […] If your headaches are due to stress or anxiety, you may want to learn ways to relax. […] Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They can occur from overuse of pain medicine. If you take pain medicine more than 3 days a week on a regular basis, you can develop rebound headaches.

• #10 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  A high dose of vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) also might reduce migraines. […] Before trying complementary or alternative therapy, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. […] A counselor or therapist offers support and can help you manage stress. […] Your therapist can also help you understand the psychological effects of your headache pain. […] In addition, there’s evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce headache frequency and severity. […] To ease your headache pain until you see your doctor, you might: […] Try over-the-counter pain relief medications such as naproxen sodium (Aleve) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others).

• #11 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #12 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Numerous abortive medications are used for migraine. The choice for an individual patient depends on the severity of the attacks, associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, comorbid problems, and the patient’s treatment response. […] The following may be considered indications for prophylactic migraine therapy: Frequency of migraine attacks is greater than 2 per month, Duration of individual attacks is longer than 24 hours, The headaches cause major disruptions in the patients lifestyle, with significant disability that lasts 3 or more days, Abortive therapy fails or is overused, Symptomatic medications are contraindicated or ineffective, Use of abortive medications more than twice a week. […] The goals of preventive therapy are as follows: Reduce attack frequency, severity, and/or duration, Improve responsiveness to acute attacks, Reduce disability.

• #13 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antiemetics, ergot alkaloids, and combination analgesics have evidence supporting their effectiveness in the treatment of migraine. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Although triptans are effective, they may be expensive. Other medications such as dihydroergotamine and antiemetics are recommended for use as second- or third-line therapy for select patients or for those with refractory migraine. The pharmacologic properties, potential adverse effects, cost, and routes of administration vary widely, allowing therapy to be individualized based on the pattern and severity of attacks. Several treatment principles, including taking medication early in an attack and using a stratified treatment approach, can help ensure that migraine treatment is cost-effective.

• #14 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Strong evidence supports the use of acetaminophen and oral NSAIDs such as aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen as first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine attacks. […] Triptans are an effective first-line treatment for moderate to severe migraine. […] Triptans may not be effective in all patients or all migraine episodes. Repeating the same dose of the same medication may not relieve persistent symptoms. […] Several other medications have good evidence of effectiveness for migraine. However, they are reserved as second-line agents because of adverse effects, route of administration, cost, or abuse potential. […] Parenteral dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) is commonly used to treat refractory migraine. However, vasoconstrictive agents should be avoided for 24 hours after administration of a triptan. […] Opioids can be considered for refractory migraine but should be used sparingly and infrequently.

• #15 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #16 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #17 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Medications for migraine relief are most effective when taken at the first sign of symptoms. Options include: Pain relievers such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), or naproxen (Aleve). Prolonged use may lead to medication-overuse headaches and other side effects. Combination migraine relief medications that include combinations of ingredients, for example, caffeine, aspirin, and acetaminophen (Excedrin Migraine). These may help with mild pain. Triptans are prescription drugs; examples include almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), sumatriptan (Imitrex, Onzetra, Tosymra) and rizatriptan (Maxalt) which block pain pathways that contribute to migraine headaches. Dihydroergotamine (Migranal, Trudhesa) which is available as a nasal spray or injection and effective for longer-lasting migraines. Lasmiditan (Reyvow) which is an oral tablet that can be used to treat migraines with or without aura. Gepants, such as ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) or rimegepant (Nurtec ODT) which block the effect of CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), a small protein involved in pain transmission that is highly prevalent in the nerves that supply the head and the neck. Intranasal zavegepant (Zavzpret), is a gepant available as a nasal spray that provides migraine relief within 15 minutes to 2 hours. Methocarbamol (Robaxin) which may be used to relax muscles if neck pain is present in addition to the migraine. Opioid medications which are not recommended first-line because of their risk for addiction, but may be used when other treatments are ineffective.

• #18 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Medications for migraine relief are most effective when taken at the first sign of symptoms. Options include: Pain relievers such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), or naproxen (Aleve). Prolonged use may lead to medication-overuse headaches and other side effects. Combination migraine relief medications that include combinations of ingredients, for example, caffeine, aspirin, and acetaminophen (Excedrin Migraine). These may help with mild pain. Triptans are prescription drugs; examples include almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), sumatriptan (Imitrex, Onzetra, Tosymra) and rizatriptan (Maxalt) which block pain pathways that contribute to migraine headaches. Dihydroergotamine (Migranal, Trudhesa) which is available as a nasal spray or injection and effective for longer-lasting migraines. Lasmiditan (Reyvow) which is an oral tablet that can be used to treat migraines with or without aura. Gepants, such as ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) or rimegepant (Nurtec ODT) which block the effect of CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), a small protein involved in pain transmission that is highly prevalent in the nerves that supply the head and the neck. Intranasal zavegepant (Zavzpret), is a gepant available as a nasal spray that provides migraine relief within 15 minutes to 2 hours. Methocarbamol (Robaxin) which may be used to relax muscles if neck pain is present in addition to the migraine. Opioid medications which are not recommended first-line because of their risk for addiction, but may be used when other treatments are ineffective.

• #19 Headache | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache

  Cluster headache: Most doctors will recommend verapamil as the first choice for preventing cluster periods. Other treatments include oxygen therapy (breathing pure oxygen through a mask), triptans, lidocaine, ergots, and octreotide. […] Regular overuse of headache medications can actually worsen headache attacks or cause new headache symptoms. A doctor can help make a plan for safe medicine use and identify treatments to help. […] Biofeedback, relaxation training, meditation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can help people manage stress from headache. […] A doctor can provide recommendations for adding physical therapy, massage, and gentle exercise into a treatment plan. More research is needed to see how helpful more involved treatments, like surgery and neurostimulation, are for managing symptoms of headache conditions.

• #20 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #21 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #22 Current treatment options for cluster headache: limitations and the unmet need for better and specific treatments—a consensus article | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01660-8

  The treatment of CH can be divided into three categories 1) acute treatment aiming to abort the single attacks, 2) preventive treatment that taken at regular intervals aims to lower attack frequency and pain intensity, and lastly 3) transitional treatment that can be used as a short-lasting preventive if bouts are short or, more often, to obtain a bridging effect in the period a preventive is titrated to its therapeutic threshold. […] Treatment with 100% oxygen and triptans are the cornerstones of acute CH treatment and it is recommended to prescribe both. […] Preventive treatment is the cornerstone of CH management in order to suppress or limit the extreme pain attacks. […] The existing treatment recommendations are based on small and low level of evidence studies. […] The rationale for using verapamil as a first-line preventive treatment is based on two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three open label studies.

• #23 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #24 Headaches Treatment, Medicine, Types, Migraine, Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/headache/article.htm

  If these fail, other supportive treatments are available. Recurrent headaches should be a signal to seek medical help. Physical therapy, massage, biofeedback, and stress management can all be used as adjuncts to help control tension headaches. […] Cluster headaches may be very difficult to treat, and it may take trial and error to find the specific treatment regimen that will work for each patient. Since the headache recurs daily, there are two treatment needs. The pain of the first episode needs to be controlled, and the headaches that follow need to be prevented. […] Initial treatment options may include one or more of the following: inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen, injection of triptan medications, spraying or dripping lidocaine, dihydroergotamine, and caffeine. […] Prevention of the next cluster headache may include calcium channel blockers, prednisone, antidepressant medications, lithium, and antiseizure medications including valproic acid and topiramate.

• #25 Headaches Treatment, Medicine, Types, Migraine, Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/headache/article.htm

  If these fail, other supportive treatments are available. Recurrent headaches should be a signal to seek medical help. Physical therapy, massage, biofeedback, and stress management can all be used as adjuncts to help control tension headaches. […] Cluster headaches may be very difficult to treat, and it may take trial and error to find the specific treatment regimen that will work for each patient. Since the headache recurs daily, there are two treatment needs. The pain of the first episode needs to be controlled, and the headaches that follow need to be prevented. […] Initial treatment options may include one or more of the following: inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen, injection of triptan medications, spraying or dripping lidocaine, dihydroergotamine, and caffeine. […] Prevention of the next cluster headache may include calcium channel blockers, prednisone, antidepressant medications, lithium, and antiseizure medications including valproic acid and topiramate.

• #26 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medicines and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to your needs. […] Headache treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your headache. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a headache to relieve the pain immediately. You only take these medications as needed when you have severe headache. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines or other treatments you use on a regular (often daily) basis to prevent headaches in the future. You use these treatments as scheduled regardless of whether or not you have a headache at the time. […] Preventive therapy is recommended for people with tension-type headaches that are frequent, such as those that occur nine or more days each month. Preventive therapy is also recommended when headaches are long-lasting or have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do their normal activities.

• #27 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medicines and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to your needs. […] Headache treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your headache. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a headache to relieve the pain immediately. You only take these medications as needed when you have severe headache. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines or other treatments you use on a regular (often daily) basis to prevent headaches in the future. You use these treatments as scheduled regardless of whether or not you have a headache at the time. […] Preventive therapy is recommended for people with tension-type headaches that are frequent, such as those that occur nine or more days each month. Preventive therapy is also recommended when headaches are long-lasting or have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do their normal activities.

• #28 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] There are home treatments for tension headaches, and healthcare providers may prescribe medication and other therapies that will ease tension headache pain and pressure. […] Fortunately, there are many things you can do to prevent a tension headache. And if home treatment doesn’t work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure. […] If you have chronic tension headaches, your provider may prescribe: Antiseizure medications like gabapentin (Neurontin) or topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen). […] Antidepressants like amitriptyline that relieve pain. […] Alternative therapies like biofeedback, meditation or cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage stress. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers may help ease occasional tension headaches.

• #29 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #30 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #31 Chronic Tension Headache: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/brain-nerves/headache-leaflet/chronic-tension-headache

  Chronic tension headache is a condition where you have a tension headache on at least 15 days every month for at least three months. A medicine called amitriptyline may help to prevent the headaches from occurring. […] Painkillers such as paracetamol, aspirin, and ibuprofen can be useful to treat tension headaches when they occur. Importantly though, they shouldn’t be taken for headaches for more than a couple of days at a time, and, on average, do not take them for more than two days in any week for headaches. […] Amitriptyline is the medicine most commonly used to treat chronic tension headaches. This medicine is not a painkiller and so does not take away a headache if a headache develops. It needs to be taken every day to reduce how often headaches occur. […] Physiotherapy may help chronic tension headaches through teaching relaxation techniques and breathing exercises.

• #32 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] There are home treatments for tension headaches, and healthcare providers may prescribe medication and other therapies that will ease tension headache pain and pressure. […] Fortunately, there are many things you can do to prevent a tension headache. And if home treatment doesn’t work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure. […] If you have chronic tension headaches, your provider may prescribe: Antiseizure medications like gabapentin (Neurontin) or topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen). […] Antidepressants like amitriptyline that relieve pain. […] Alternative therapies like biofeedback, meditation or cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage stress. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers may help ease occasional tension headaches.

• #33 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #34 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  The classes of medications that are effective for migraine prevention include: Antiepileptics, Antidepressants, Antihypertensives, Botulinum toxin, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors. […] Botulinum toxin A (onabotulinumtoxinA; BOTOX) may be beneficial in patients with intractable, chronic migraine that has failed to respond to at least 3 conventional preventive medications. […] Inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is a new method to prevent migraines. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and is a key neuropeptide that is central to migraine pathophysiology.

• #35 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Preventive treatments for migraine aim to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraines. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications: Beta-blockers like propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan) for migraines with aura. Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline can prevent migraines, while alternative antidepressants may be prescribed to mitigate side effects like sleepiness. Anti-seizure drugs: Valproate and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy) may help with less frequent migraines but may cause side effects like dizziness, weight changes, and nausea. Not recommended for pregnant women. Botox injections: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections every 12 weeks can prevent migraines in some adults. Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig), fremanezumab-vfrm (Ajovy), galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality), and eptinezumab-jjmr (Vyepti) are newer monthly or quarterly injection treatments approved by the FDA. Atogepant (Qulipta): Taken orally once daily to prevent migraines. Potential side effects include nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): Prevents and also treats migraines. Available as an orally disintegrating tablet.

• #36 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  Tricyclic antidepressants such as nortriptyline (Pamelor) can be used to treat chronic headaches. […] These medications can also help treat the depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances that often accompany chronic daily headaches. […] Other antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, others), might help in treating depression and anxiety, but have not been shown to be more effective than placebo for headaches. […] These drugs, commonly used to treat high blood pressure, are also a mainstay for preventing episodic migraines. […] Some anti-seizure drugs seem to prevent migraines and might be used to prevent chronic daily headaches, as well. […] Prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen sodium (Anaprox, Naprelan) might be helpful, especially if you’re withdrawing from other pain relievers.

• #37 What Is Headache? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/headache/guide/

  Preventive medications are taken regularly, sometimes daily, to stop migraine attacks before they start. […] Tension-type headaches can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), or acetaminophen, or sometimes they don’t require treatment at all, says Hamilton. […] Acute treatment for cluster headache includes 100 percent oxygen therapy and injectable or nasal spray triptans. […] Whenever possible, the underlying cause of a secondary headache should be treated; for example, if the headache is caused by an infection, the infection should be treated, per the Sepsis Alliance.

• #38 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  The monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitors erenumab (Aimovig), fremanezumab (Ajovy), and galcanezumab (Emgality) were introduced in 2018. Weekly or monthly subcutaneous injections decrease migraine frequency and improve health-related quality of life. […] OnabotulinumtoxinA injections decrease migraine headache days only in patients with more than 15 headaches per month and do not reduce acute medication use. […] Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation likely decreases pain during episodic cluster headaches. Triptans and oxygen therapy are commonly used to treat acute cluster headaches despite limited evidence. […] For cluster headache prevention, monthly subcutaneous injection of galcanezumab increases the likelihood of a 50% reduction in headache frequency with a number needed to treat of 6.

• #39 New Treatment Options for Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/new-headache-treatment-options.html

  Migraines, the third most-common illness globally, affect 39 million people in the U.S. and can be as devastating as they are prevalent. […] „It’s an exciting time in headache medicine,” says neurologist Dr. Nasima D. Shadbehr, who recently launched a specialized headache clinic at Cedars-Sinai. […] New treatments have revolutionized the field over the past two years and have vastly expanded the possibilities and hope for most migraine sufferers whose symptoms don’t improve using traditional medications. […] This new class of migraine-prevention therapies target the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, a protein linked to migraine symptoms. […] Patients can self-administer monthly injections of Aimovig (erenumab), Emgality (galcanezumab) or the third drug, Ajovy (fremanezumab, which can be injected monthly or quarterly), while another similar antibody option Vyepti (eptinezumab) is delivered as a quarterly IV infusion.

• #40 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  The classes of medications that are effective for migraine prevention include: Antiepileptics, Antidepressants, Antihypertensives, Botulinum toxin, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors. […] Botulinum toxin A (onabotulinumtoxinA; BOTOX) may be beneficial in patients with intractable, chronic migraine that has failed to respond to at least 3 conventional preventive medications. […] Inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is a new method to prevent migraines. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and is a key neuropeptide that is central to migraine pathophysiology.

• #41 New Treatment Options for Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/new-headache-treatment-options.html

  There are caveats: Patients need to try other treatments before insurance will approve one of the new ones. […] Botox is FDA-approved for chronic migraines in adults who have at least 15 headache days a month with each headache lasting four or more hours. […] Treatments are repeated once every three months, Dr. Shadbehr says, and most patients see a decrease in headache days after the first two sessions. […] Trigger point injections target muscles to address co-occurring myofascial and chronic neck and shoulder pain, and nerve blocks address concurrent neuralgias and help break up frequent headache cycles. […] If you’re experiencing painful migraines or other types of severe or chronic headaches, see your primary care doctor or a neurologist. […] There are individualized treatment plans available to help alleviate chronic headaches and improve your quality of life.

• #42 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #43 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Preventive treatments for migraine aim to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraines. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications: Beta-blockers like propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan) for migraines with aura. Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline can prevent migraines, while alternative antidepressants may be prescribed to mitigate side effects like sleepiness. Anti-seizure drugs: Valproate and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy) may help with less frequent migraines but may cause side effects like dizziness, weight changes, and nausea. Not recommended for pregnant women. Botox injections: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections every 12 weeks can prevent migraines in some adults. Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig), fremanezumab-vfrm (Ajovy), galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality), and eptinezumab-jjmr (Vyepti) are newer monthly or quarterly injection treatments approved by the FDA. Atogepant (Qulipta): Taken orally once daily to prevent migraines. Potential side effects include nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): Prevents and also treats migraines. Available as an orally disintegrating tablet.

• #44 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #45 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #46 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #47 Headache | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache

  Cluster headache: Most doctors will recommend verapamil as the first choice for preventing cluster periods. Other treatments include oxygen therapy (breathing pure oxygen through a mask), triptans, lidocaine, ergots, and octreotide. […] Regular overuse of headache medications can actually worsen headache attacks or cause new headache symptoms. A doctor can help make a plan for safe medicine use and identify treatments to help. […] Biofeedback, relaxation training, meditation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can help people manage stress from headache. […] A doctor can provide recommendations for adding physical therapy, massage, and gentle exercise into a treatment plan. More research is needed to see how helpful more involved treatments, like surgery and neurostimulation, are for managing symptoms of headache conditions.

• #48 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #49 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #50 Current treatment options for cluster headache: limitations and the unmet need for better and specific treatments—a consensus article | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01660-8

  The treatment of CH can be divided into three categories 1) acute treatment aiming to abort the single attacks, 2) preventive treatment that taken at regular intervals aims to lower attack frequency and pain intensity, and lastly 3) transitional treatment that can be used as a short-lasting preventive if bouts are short or, more often, to obtain a bridging effect in the period a preventive is titrated to its therapeutic threshold. […] Treatment with 100% oxygen and triptans are the cornerstones of acute CH treatment and it is recommended to prescribe both. […] Preventive treatment is the cornerstone of CH management in order to suppress or limit the extreme pain attacks. […] The existing treatment recommendations are based on small and low level of evidence studies. […] The rationale for using verapamil as a first-line preventive treatment is based on two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three open label studies.

• #51 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #52 Current treatment options for cluster headache: limitations and the unmet need for better and specific treatments—a consensus article | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01660-8

  Lithium is recommended as second line treatment, but is most suited for people with CCH and has several limitations. […] Topiramate is also recommended as second line treatment and may be used in both ECH and CCH. […] In treatment refractory patients, it may be necessary to try medical treatment with even lower level of evidence either as monotherapy or as add-on. […] Current preventive medications need to be titrated up to an effective dosage, and an intermediate treatment consisting of corticosteroids can therefore be applied if patients are burdened by many attacks. […] The effect is thought to occur through a modulatory effect on the nociceptive processing in trigeminal neurons via the trigemino-vascular system. […] Neuromodulation has become an emerging and viable treatment option for medically treatment refractory CCH patients e.g. treatment failure of three preventive drugs.

• #53 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #54 Current treatment options for cluster headache: limitations and the unmet need for better and specific treatments—a consensus article | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01660-8

  Lithium is recommended as second line treatment, but is most suited for people with CCH and has several limitations. […] Topiramate is also recommended as second line treatment and may be used in both ECH and CCH. […] In treatment refractory patients, it may be necessary to try medical treatment with even lower level of evidence either as monotherapy or as add-on. […] Current preventive medications need to be titrated up to an effective dosage, and an intermediate treatment consisting of corticosteroids can therefore be applied if patients are burdened by many attacks. […] The effect is thought to occur through a modulatory effect on the nociceptive processing in trigeminal neurons via the trigemino-vascular system. […] Neuromodulation has become an emerging and viable treatment option for medically treatment refractory CCH patients e.g. treatment failure of three preventive drugs.

• #55 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #56 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #57 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #58 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  Your doctor will likely examine you for signs of illness, infection or neurological problems and ask about your headache history. […] If the cause of your headaches remains uncertain, your doctor might order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to look for an underlying medical condition. […] Treatment for an underlying condition often stops frequent headaches. If no such condition is found, treatment focuses on preventing pain. […] Prevention strategies vary, depending on the type of headache you have and whether medication overuse is contributing to your headaches. If you’re taking pain relievers more than three days a week, the first step might be to wean yourself off these drugs with your doctor’s guidance. […] When you’re ready to begin preventive therapy, your doctor may recommend:

• #59 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #60 New Treatment Options for Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/new-headache-treatment-options.html

  There are caveats: Patients need to try other treatments before insurance will approve one of the new ones. […] Botox is FDA-approved for chronic migraines in adults who have at least 15 headache days a month with each headache lasting four or more hours. […] Treatments are repeated once every three months, Dr. Shadbehr says, and most patients see a decrease in headache days after the first two sessions. […] Trigger point injections target muscles to address co-occurring myofascial and chronic neck and shoulder pain, and nerve blocks address concurrent neuralgias and help break up frequent headache cycles. […] If you’re experiencing painful migraines or other types of severe or chronic headaches, see your primary care doctor or a neurologist. […] There are individualized treatment plans available to help alleviate chronic headaches and improve your quality of life.

• #61 Transitional therapy for headache treatment – Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery | Northwell Health

  https://www.northwell.edu/neurosciences/treatments/transitional-therapy-for-headache-treatment

  Transitional therapy for headache treatment, also referred to as bridge therapy, is often strong medications that are used for short periods of time to help correct a more difficult or complex headache situation. […] If you suffer from prolonged headaches or are acutely overusing medications to treat your headache pain, your doctor may prescribe transitional therapy. […] Transitional therapy for headache treatment is sometimes given intravenously and requires you to stay in the infusion center for several hours at a time or to be admitted to the hospital for brief periods of inpatient care. […] If you experience headaches or migraines, it’s important to get evaluated by a neurologist or a headache specialist who can develop a specialized headache treatment plan.

• #62 Migraine treatment and prevention | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/migraine-treatment-and-prevention/

  If over the counter medication is not helping your symptoms, your GP might recommend a triptan and/or anti sickness medication. […] Triptan medicines are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Common side effects of triptans include: warm sensations, tightness, tingling, flushing and light headedness, feelings of heaviness in the face, throat, limbs or chest. […] Taking too many triptans can lead to medication overuse headache. […] Gepants are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Gepants are not recommended during pregnancy. […] Anti-sickness medicines, known as anti-emetics, can treat migraine in some people. […] They can be taken alongside painkillers and triptans. […] Side effects of anti-emetics include drowsiness and diarrhoea. […] Medication is available to help prevent migraine attacks. […] Preventive medication is not a cure for migraine attacks. The aim is to reduce how severe and often migraine attacks occur. […] Propranolol is a medication used to treat angina and high blood pressure. Its also effective in preventing migraine. […] You might be prescribed tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline or nortriptyline. […] Topiramate is a type of medication originally developed to prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. Its now much more commonly used for migraine.

• #63 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  The management of chronic daily headache depends on the type of headache and whether medication overuse is a factor. […] Preventive therapy is usually started as soon as possible and taken every day when a new cluster of headaches develops. […] Several therapies can be used along with medical treatment in people with headache. […] Some simple lifestyle adjustments can help to reduce the frequency of headaches. […] Acupuncture has not been proven to improve tension-type or chronic daily headaches. However, people who do not want to try or who cannot tolerate other treatments may try using acupuncture. […] Behavioral therapy works by helping you to address the stress, anger, or frustration that can come with frequent or chronic headache pain. […] Several herbal and „homeopathic” remedies are promoted to relieve or prevent headaches, including migraines.

• #64 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  You can treat the occasional, mild headache at home with over-the-counter pain relievers. Other self-care treatments for headaches include: Applying heat or cold packs to your head, Doing stretching exercises, Massaging your head, neck or back, Resting in a dark and quiet room, Taking a walk. […] The key to preventing headaches is figuring out what triggers them. […] Although researchers are closer than ever before to a cure, at this time, there isn’t a cure for primary headaches. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future episodes.

• #65 9 Natural Strategies for Headache Relief

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/9-natural-strategies-for-headache-relief-infographic

  Headaches are usually caused by a combination of chemical activity in the brain, nerves, blood vessels or muscles in your head and neck. […] If youre tired of reaching for the pill bottle or dealing with the pain, check out these natural ways to ease your headaches. If you still have a hard time managing the pain, talk to your doctor. […] A few studies show the positive effects of drinking more water on those who suffer from headaches and migraines. […] Exercise can trigger headaches and migraines for some people, but studies also show moderate aerobic exercise can prevent headaches. […] Some studies suggest certain foods prevent and reduce headache pain. […] The American Massage Therapy Association says full-body massages can help relieve headaches, as well as arthritis, lower back pain and insomnia.

• #66 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  Headache symptoms can be managed at home with a number of natural treatments, including drinking water, taking a nap, applying a cold compress and more. […] Although many medications can be used to treat headache symptoms, a number of effective natural treatments also exist. […] Keep reading for 18 effective home remedies to naturally get rid of headaches. […] Research shows that certain dietary and lifestyle factors could increase the risk of experiencing headaches. […] Thankfully, research suggests that drinking more water may help reduce headache occurrence, duration, and severity in some people. […] Interestingly, magnesium has also been shown to be a safe, effective remedy for headaches. […] Studies have shown that treatment with supplemental magnesium, in many different doses and forms, may help reduce both the frequency and the severity of migraine headaches.

• #67 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  A number of studies have shown that exercise could help significantly reduce migraine intensity, frequency, and duration. […] If you’re looking for ways to prevent headaches, the following evidence-based tips may help: Staying hydrated throughout the day is a simple way to reduce the risk of headaches while benefiting your overall health. […] If you’re experiencing frequent headaches, see a healthcare professional for a thorough checkup to rule out potential causes. […] The occasional mild headache isn’t usually a cause for concern, but if you’re experiencing frequent headaches or a lasting, severe headache, it’s critical that you seek medical care. […] Yoga, nutritional supplements, essential oils, and dietary modifications are all natural, safe, and effective ways to reduce headache symptoms.

• #68

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/neurology/neurological-conditions/headache

  Depending on your diagnosis, your doctor may prescribe medication or recommend lifestyle changes for your headache care. […] Preventive medications are used to reduce the number and severity of headaches. Acute medications are used to stop headaches as soon as possible. […] Some of the lifestyle practices we may recommend for treating a headache include: Resting with eyes closed or napping in a quiet, darkened room. […] There are things you can do to help prevent migraines or other types of headaches, such as: Stick to a regular sleeping and eating schedule. […] Learn acupressure (finger acupuncture) for headaches. It is simple and often effective for mild to moderate headaches. […] Discuss associated medical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, insomnia with your doctor. Successful headache treatment requires that these associated conditions be treated effectively.

• #69 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  While having an alcoholic drink may not cause a headache in most people, studies have shown that alcohol can trigger migraines in about one-third of those who experience frequent headaches. […] Sleep deprivation can be detrimental to your health in many ways and may even cause headaches in some people. […] Studies suggest that consuming histamine may cause migraines in those who are sensitive to it. […] Research suggests that peppermint, lavender, and eucalyptus essential oils are especially helpful when you have a headache. […] Several studies have shown that certain B vitamin supplements, including riboflavin (B2), folate, B12, and pyridoxine (B6) may reduce headache symptoms. […] Using a cold compress may help reduce your headache symptoms. […] Studies have shown that taking CoQ10 supplements may be an effective natural way to treat headaches.

• #70 Headaches: Causes, types, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/headaches

  Several alternative forms of headache treatment, now known as integrative treatments, are available. However, it is important for a person to consult a doctor before making any significant changes or beginning new treatments. […] A 2021 study found acupuncture therapy to be more effective than medications in treating chronic tension-type headaches, similar to the findings of a 2018 study. […] Meanwhile, a 2020 study found that using CBT decreased the frequency of migraine in children and adolescents. […] Certain care strategies can help prevent headaches or ease the pain. A person may try: using a heat or ice pack against the head or neck, but avoiding extreme temperatures and never applying ice directly to the skin; avoiding stressors whenever possible and using healthy coping strategies for unavoidable stress; eating regular meals, taking care to maintain stable blood sugar levels; getting enough sleep by following a regular routine and keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet; exercising regularly to boost overall health and lower stress; limiting alcohol intake and drinking plenty of water; taking breaks when working to stretch and prevent eye strain. […] Anyone who experiences severe or reoccurring headaches should consult a doctor or otherwise receive professional care.

• #71 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Headaches | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-headaches

  Your physical therapist will work with you to correct the problems that are causing your pain and help you learn to prevent headaches, possibly through simple changes in your posture and lifestyle. Physical therapy sessions can help you: […] Improve neck mobility. Physical therapists use a specialized technique called manual therapy to increase movement and relieve pain and to stretch the muscles of the back of the neck. […] Improve your strength. Your physical therapist will teach you exercises to increase the strength of the muscles that help stabilize your upper back and neck to improve your posture and endurance and make it easier for you to sit or stand for longer periods of time without discomfort. […] Improve your posture. Physical therapists will teach you ways to improve your posture. Whether it is simply pushing your chest out or pulling your shoulder blades backward and together, slight modifications to everyday living can make a vast improvement in posture.

• #72 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Headaches | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-headaches

  Reduce stress. Increased stress can increase the tension in your shoulder and neck muscles, which contributes to headaches. A physical therapist can help you develop a plan to exercise or be physically active on a regular basis to help reduce stress and muscle tension. […] Modify your workstation, office, or home office as needed. Your physical therapists tips may include: Using a headset instead of a regular phone. Adjusting your computer screen so that it is no lower than the level of your eyes. Finding an appropriate desk chair. Adjusting the position of your computer mouse. […] All physical therapists are prepared through education and experience to treat a variety of conditions or injuries. You may want to consider: A physical therapist who is experienced in treating people with musculoskeletal problems. Some physical therapists have a practice with a craniofacial focus, meaning that they focus on movement disorders related to the skull and facial structures. A physical therapist who is a board-certified clinical specialist or who has completed a residency or fellowship in orthopedic physical therapy or neurologic physical therapy. This physical therapist has advanced knowledge, experience, and skills that may apply to your condition.

• #73 Tension Headache Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Alternative Medicine

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/792384-treatment

  Various modalities are used in the treatment of tension headaches. These include hot or cold packs, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, improvement of posture, trigger point injections, occipital nerve blocks, stretching, and relaxation techniques. […] Regular exercise, stretching, balanced meals, and adequate sleep may be part of a headache treatment program. […] Non-pharmacological treatments for headache include behavioral treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation, and biofeedback, as well as acupuncture and massage. These treatments are options for patients who prefer non-pharmacological treatments or cannot take medications such as pregnant patients. […] Relaxation techniques such as meditation are effective for chronic headaches as measured by headache parameters. Patients with chronic headaches have been showed to have low levels of cortisol that normalized with the practice of meditation over time.

• #74 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Headaches | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-headaches

  Your physical therapist will work with you to correct the problems that are causing your pain and help you learn to prevent headaches, possibly through simple changes in your posture and lifestyle. Physical therapy sessions can help you: […] Improve neck mobility. Physical therapists use a specialized technique called manual therapy to increase movement and relieve pain and to stretch the muscles of the back of the neck. […] Improve your strength. Your physical therapist will teach you exercises to increase the strength of the muscles that help stabilize your upper back and neck to improve your posture and endurance and make it easier for you to sit or stand for longer periods of time without discomfort. […] Improve your posture. Physical therapists will teach you ways to improve your posture. Whether it is simply pushing your chest out or pulling your shoulder blades backward and together, slight modifications to everyday living can make a vast improvement in posture.

• #75 Physical therapy to ease headaches – UF Health Jacksonville

  https://ufhealthjax.org/conditions-and-treatments/physical-therapy-to-ease-headaches

  A headache is any type of pain or discomfort that occurs in the face or head due to irritation of pain nerves. […] The most common headaches are tension-type headaches, which are headaches produced from mechanical issues in the neck and/or upper back. These headaches respond well to physical therapy treatments. […] Physical therapy can help people with recurrent headaches in two principal ways. The first is by helping to determine the source of the headache pain. […] The second way physical therapy can help people with recurrent mechanical headaches is by developing a treatment plan to improve these headaches. Physical therapy treatment focuses on teaching a headache sufferer which postures and activities in life are contributing to the movement issues causing their headaches, and which therapeutic movements are needed to resolve and prevent these movement issues from returning.

• #76 Headache & Migraine Relief: Manual Therapy Techniques

  https://heliophysicaltherapy.com/your-toolkit-for-headache-and-migraine-relief-manual-therapy-techniques/

  According to the American Migraine Foundation, migraines affect more than 39 million men, women, and children in the U.S. Manual therapy for headache relief is a hands-on treatment approach that can help reduce the frequency and intensity of headaches and improve quality of life. […] Manual therapy for headache relief is an individualized treatment approach used by physical therapists to address the underlying causes of your headaches. It’s a safe and effective way to reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance well-being. […] Soft tissue mobilization involves hands-on techniques to release tension and improve blood circulation in the neck, shoulders, and scalp muscles. Targeting areas of tightness can help reduce muscle stiffness and alleviate pain, particularly in muscles that contribute to tension headaches. This therapy not only promotes relaxation but also enhances blood flow, which can help in reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches.

• #77 Relief at Last: Manual Therapy for Headaches and Migraines

  https://americanheadacheinstitute.com/relief-at-last-manual-therapy-for-headaches-and-migraines/

  Manual therapy is a hands-on approach to healing. It harnesses the power of human touch to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, promote blood circulation, and facilitate healing. At American Headache Institute, we use manual therapy to help manage a variety of ailments, including headaches and migraines. […] Of the three main types of headaches, manual therapy is most effective at treating tension headaches. This is because tension headaches are caused by tension from contracted muscles in the neck, face, or jaw, with the neck being one of the most common sources. There’s even a name for headaches that stem from neck pain: cervicogenic headaches. […] Manual therapy for headaches helps relieve your headache pain by reducing restrictions in the soft tissue of your neck and shoulders that may manifest as headache pain. Different manual therapy techniques will relieve that restriction in different ways. Our therapists will develop a customized program based on your specific needs.

• #78 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections provide relief for some people and might be a viable option for people who don’t tolerate daily medication well. […] The use of one drug is preferred, but if one drug doesn’t work well enough, your doctor might consider combining drugs. […] For many people, complementary or alternative therapies offer relief from headache pain. […] While the results are mixed, some studies have shown that acupuncture helps reduce the frequency and intensity of chronic headaches. […] You might be able to control headaches by becoming more aware of and then changing certain bodily responses, such as muscle tension, heart rate and skin temperature. […] Massage can reduce stress, relieve pain and promote relaxation. […] Some evidence exists that the herbs feverfew and butterbur help prevent migraines or reduce their severity.

• #79 9 Natural Strategies for Headache Relief

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/9-natural-strategies-for-headache-relief-infographic

  Headaches are usually caused by a combination of chemical activity in the brain, nerves, blood vessels or muscles in your head and neck. […] If youre tired of reaching for the pill bottle or dealing with the pain, check out these natural ways to ease your headaches. If you still have a hard time managing the pain, talk to your doctor. […] A few studies show the positive effects of drinking more water on those who suffer from headaches and migraines. […] Exercise can trigger headaches and migraines for some people, but studies also show moderate aerobic exercise can prevent headaches. […] Some studies suggest certain foods prevent and reduce headache pain. […] The American Massage Therapy Association says full-body massages can help relieve headaches, as well as arthritis, lower back pain and insomnia.

• #80 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  You can treat the occasional, mild headache at home with over-the-counter pain relievers. Other self-care treatments for headaches include: Applying heat or cold packs to your head, Doing stretching exercises, Massaging your head, neck or back, Resting in a dark and quiet room, Taking a walk. […] The key to preventing headaches is figuring out what triggers them. […] Although researchers are closer than ever before to a cure, at this time, there isn’t a cure for primary headaches. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future episodes.

• #81 9 Natural Strategies for Headache Relief

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/9-natural-strategies-for-headache-relief-infographic

  Meditation, the combination of stillness and mindfulness, can help control headache symptoms. […] Simple stretches and yoga can reduce tension-related headaches. […] Learning relaxation techniques can help manage the pain of a headache and keep it from getting worse. […] Heat and cold help reduce headache pain. […] Many headache and migraine medications contain caffeine.

• #82 Acupressure for Pain and Headaches | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/acupressure-pain-and-headaches

  This information explains how to use acupressure to help with pain and headaches. […] Pressing these acupoints can help your muscles relax and improve your blood flow. It can also help with many common side effects of chemotherapy, such as pain and headaches. […] Doing acupressure on this point can help with pain and headaches. […] Acupressure is a complementary therapy. Complementary therapies are treatments you can use along with your cancer treatments. They can help ease your symptoms.

• #83 Tension Headache Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Alternative Medicine

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/792384-treatment

  Various modalities are used in the treatment of tension headaches. These include hot or cold packs, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, improvement of posture, trigger point injections, occipital nerve blocks, stretching, and relaxation techniques. […] Regular exercise, stretching, balanced meals, and adequate sleep may be part of a headache treatment program. […] Non-pharmacological treatments for headache include behavioral treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation, and biofeedback, as well as acupuncture and massage. These treatments are options for patients who prefer non-pharmacological treatments or cannot take medications such as pregnant patients. […] Relaxation techniques such as meditation are effective for chronic headaches as measured by headache parameters. Patients with chronic headaches have been showed to have low levels of cortisol that normalized with the practice of meditation over time.

• #84 Behavioral Treatment of Headache and Patients With Migraine

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/behavioral-treatment-migraine-patients/

  There are quite a few reasons why a patient could benefit from seeing a psychologist. Of all these reasons, the most important is that 30-60% of all patients who use biofeedback, relaxation, or cognitive-behavioral therapy have many fewer headaches than before they started. Ultimately, the reason would be so that you have fewer headaches and get back to living life the way you want. […] Stress is the most common headache trigger. Stress can cause a change in the brain that makes it more likely you will have a headache. […] Learning to better deal with stress can help you have fewer headaches. This leads to less of an impact on your life. […] People who have headaches and depression or anxiety feel like they are in a vicious cycle. Headaches may make a person feel more sad, worried, or anxious.

• #85 Tension Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tension-headache

  A healthcare professional may also prescribe an antidepressant, such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs can stabilize your brains levels of serotonin and can help you cope with stress. […] They may also recommend other strategies, such as: Stress management classes. These classes can teach you ways to cope with stress and how to relieve tension. Biofeedback. This is a relaxation technique that teaches you to manage pain and stress. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is talk therapy that helps you recognize situations that cause you stress, anxiety, and tension. Acupuncture. This is an alternative therapy that may lower your stress and tension by applying fine needles to specific areas of your body. […] The following may also ease your tension headache: Apply a heating pad or ice pack to your head for 5 to 10 minutes several times a day. Take a hot bath or shower to relax tense muscles. Improve your posture. Take frequent computer breaks to prevent eye strain.

• #86 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Many drugs number headaches among their side effects. And although it seems paradoxical, many medications used to treat headaches can also cause medication overuse headaches or rebound headaches. […] If you have frequent headaches and use medication, OTC or prescription, or both, for more than 10 to 15 days a month, you may have medication overuse headaches. […] For most of us, an occasional headache is nothing more than a temporary speed bump in the course of a busy day. Even so, most people can ease the problem with simple lifestyle measures and nonprescription medications. Relaxation techniques, biofeedback, yoga, and acupuncture may also help. But for some of us, headaches are a big problem. Learn to recognize warning signs that call for prompt medical care. Work with your doctor to develop a program to prevent and treat migraines and other serious headaches.

• #87 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Headache | Society of Clinical Psychology

  https://div12.org/treatment/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-chronic-headache/

  DIAGNOSIS: Chronic Headache TREATMENT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Headache […] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Headache […] Status: Strong Research Support […] The relaxation response is a method of calming the body’s physiological response to stress. […] In multi-component CBT for chronic headache, cognitive coping skills for pain are taught in addition to the relaxation response so as to provide the individual several skills for managing headache pain. […] The combination of cognitive therapy with the relaxation response has been shown to produce more headache relief than relaxation alone for tension headache. […] Note: Self-management approaches to headaches should be considered only in consultation with your primary health care provider where an accurate diagnosis and discussion of various treatment options can be completed.

• #88 Efficacy of psychological treatment for headache disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-019-0965-4

  Headache disorder is not only a common complaint but also a global burden. Pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacotherapeutic approaches have been developed for its treatment and prophylaxis. […] Psychological treatments for primary headache disorder reduced headache frequency and the headache index. Future research using standardized outcome measures and strategies for reducing bias is needed. […] Psychological treatment can be appropriate for headache disorder. […] Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is frequently used and has been found to effective for stress management and sleep disorder, which is an important trigger factor of headache. […] Evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache developed by the United States Headache Consortium recommended relaxation training, BFT, and CBT as treatment options for migraine prevention.

• #89 Dealing with Chronic Daily Headaches: Treatment and Coping Strategies – Tri-States Chiropractic

  https://dubuquechiropractic.com/dealing-with-chronic-daily-headaches-treatment-and-coping-strategies/

  Since stress is a major player in the chronic headache game, learning how to manage it effectively is key. […] Here are some popular strategies: Meditation and Mindfulness: Taking a few minutes each day to focus on your breathing, clear your mind, or meditate can help reduce stress and muscle tension. […] Journaling: Sometimes simply writing down your thoughts or keeping a headache diary to track patterns can help you get a better handle on triggers and solutions. […] Deep Breathing Exercises: These help calm your nervous system and reduce the physical effects of stress, like muscle tension that can lead to headaches. […] Let’s get this out of the way first—medicine can be helpful, but it’s essential to approach it wisely. […] Preventive medications: These are taken regularly to prevent headaches from occurring. Some of the most common options include beta-blockers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure medications. […] Acute medications: These are taken to relieve the pain of a headache when it happens. This could include NSAIDs, triptans (for migraines), or stronger prescription painkillers.

• #90 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  To discover whether a certain food is causing frequent headaches, you may consider trying an elimination diet that removes the foods most related to your headache symptoms. […] Sipping on beverages that contain caffeine, such as tea or coffee, may provide relief when you are experiencing a headache. […] Acupuncture may be a worthwhile choice for those looking for a natural way to treat chronic headaches. […] Taking up yoga may even help reduce the intensity and frequency of your headaches. […] Research suggests that certain herbs, including curcumin, chamomile, and butterbur, may reduce headache symptoms. […] Foods containing nitrates and nitrites have been shown to trigger headaches in some people. […] A 2021 review that included three randomized control trials found that treatment with ginger supplements helped reduce pain in people with migraine.

• #91 9 Natural Strategies for Headache Relief

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/9-natural-strategies-for-headache-relief-infographic

  Meditation, the combination of stillness and mindfulness, can help control headache symptoms. […] Simple stretches and yoga can reduce tension-related headaches. […] Learning relaxation techniques can help manage the pain of a headache and keep it from getting worse. […] Heat and cold help reduce headache pain. […] Many headache and migraine medications contain caffeine.

• #92 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #93 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections provide relief for some people and might be a viable option for people who don’t tolerate daily medication well. […] The use of one drug is preferred, but if one drug doesn’t work well enough, your doctor might consider combining drugs. […] For many people, complementary or alternative therapies offer relief from headache pain. […] While the results are mixed, some studies have shown that acupuncture helps reduce the frequency and intensity of chronic headaches. […] You might be able to control headaches by becoming more aware of and then changing certain bodily responses, such as muscle tension, heart rate and skin temperature. […] Massage can reduce stress, relieve pain and promote relaxation. […] Some evidence exists that the herbs feverfew and butterbur help prevent migraines or reduce their severity.

• #94 Headaches: Causes, types, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/headaches

  Several alternative forms of headache treatment, now known as integrative treatments, are available. However, it is important for a person to consult a doctor before making any significant changes or beginning new treatments. […] A 2021 study found acupuncture therapy to be more effective than medications in treating chronic tension-type headaches, similar to the findings of a 2018 study. […] Meanwhile, a 2020 study found that using CBT decreased the frequency of migraine in children and adolescents. […] Certain care strategies can help prevent headaches or ease the pain. A person may try: using a heat or ice pack against the head or neck, but avoiding extreme temperatures and never applying ice directly to the skin; avoiding stressors whenever possible and using healthy coping strategies for unavoidable stress; eating regular meals, taking care to maintain stable blood sugar levels; getting enough sleep by following a regular routine and keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet; exercising regularly to boost overall health and lower stress; limiting alcohol intake and drinking plenty of water; taking breaks when working to stretch and prevent eye strain. […] Anyone who experiences severe or reoccurring headaches should consult a doctor or otherwise receive professional care.

• #95 Tension Headache Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Alternative Medicine

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/792384-treatment

  Acupuncture may be helpful for patients experiencing frequent or chronic TTH. A review of eleven studies involving 2,317 patients found evidence to support acupuncture as a valuable, nonpharmacologic tool for episodic or chronic TTH. […] According to several studies, massage may also be an effective therapy for individuals suffering from TTH. Massage can relieve tight muscles in the back of the head, neck, and shoulders, which may in turn relieve headache pain. […] A combination of therapy with stress re-education and biofeedback may be best for patients.

• #96 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  Headache symptoms can be managed at home with a number of natural treatments, including drinking water, taking a nap, applying a cold compress and more. […] Although many medications can be used to treat headache symptoms, a number of effective natural treatments also exist. […] Keep reading for 18 effective home remedies to naturally get rid of headaches. […] Research shows that certain dietary and lifestyle factors could increase the risk of experiencing headaches. […] Thankfully, research suggests that drinking more water may help reduce headache occurrence, duration, and severity in some people. […] Interestingly, magnesium has also been shown to be a safe, effective remedy for headaches. […] Studies have shown that treatment with supplemental magnesium, in many different doses and forms, may help reduce both the frequency and the severity of migraine headaches.

• #97 Migraine | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html

  Migraines are a recurring type of headache. […] There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. […] There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is. […] There are also other things you can do to feel better: Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room, placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead, drinking fluids. […] There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines: Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. […] Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. […] If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. […] Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines.

• #98 Chronic daily headaches – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370897

  OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections provide relief for some people and might be a viable option for people who don’t tolerate daily medication well. […] The use of one drug is preferred, but if one drug doesn’t work well enough, your doctor might consider combining drugs. […] For many people, complementary or alternative therapies offer relief from headache pain. […] While the results are mixed, some studies have shown that acupuncture helps reduce the frequency and intensity of chronic headaches. […] You might be able to control headaches by becoming more aware of and then changing certain bodily responses, such as muscle tension, heart rate and skin temperature. […] Massage can reduce stress, relieve pain and promote relaxation. […] Some evidence exists that the herbs feverfew and butterbur help prevent migraines or reduce their severity.

• #99 18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/headache-remedies

  To discover whether a certain food is causing frequent headaches, you may consider trying an elimination diet that removes the foods most related to your headache symptoms. […] Sipping on beverages that contain caffeine, such as tea or coffee, may provide relief when you are experiencing a headache. […] Acupuncture may be a worthwhile choice for those looking for a natural way to treat chronic headaches. […] Taking up yoga may even help reduce the intensity and frequency of your headaches. […] Research suggests that certain herbs, including curcumin, chamomile, and butterbur, may reduce headache symptoms. […] Foods containing nitrates and nitrites have been shown to trigger headaches in some people. […] A 2021 review that included three randomized control trials found that treatment with ginger supplements helped reduce pain in people with migraine.

• #100 Headache: Diagnosis & Treatment – Neurology and Neurosurgery | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/headache/treatment

  Medications. There are certain classes of medications and approaches to treating headache disorders, such as migraine. Your medication may be considered a rescue headache medication if it is being used to treat your symptoms. If the medication is intended to lower the frequency and severity of headache attacks, it is considered a preventive headache medication. […] Procedural therapies. If oral medications are ineffective, your doctor may recommend a procedural therapy such as a nerve block injection to help break a bad headache cycle. […] Neuromodulation strategies, using an electronic or magnetic device to stimulate the nerves in the brain or neck, may lessen headache symptoms and frequency. […] Alternative Treatments, such as herbal supplements, meditation, energy healing, guided imagery, CBT, and biofeedback, are all considered integrative headache treatments for severe headaches and migraine relief. […] At NewYork-Presbyterian we offer the latest treatments, innovative therapies, and state-of-the-art care from a team of headache and migraine specialists.

• #101 Migraine & Headache Treatment | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurology/migraine

  Injections of certain medications may treat migraine or headache symptoms. You may receive injections in a medical office or administer them at home every 30 to 90 days. […] Stimulation devices work by sending small electrical pulses to specific nerves. Stimulation devices often send these pulses consistently to reduce the frequency of migraines. You may also control the devices yourself, sending electric pulses at specific times prescribed by a neurologist.

• #102 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] There are home treatments for tension headaches, and healthcare providers may prescribe medication and other therapies that will ease tension headache pain and pressure. […] Fortunately, there are many things you can do to prevent a tension headache. And if home treatment doesn’t work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure. […] If you have chronic tension headaches, your provider may prescribe: Antiseizure medications like gabapentin (Neurontin) or topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen). […] Antidepressants like amitriptyline that relieve pain. […] Alternative therapies like biofeedback, meditation or cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage stress. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers may help ease occasional tension headaches.

• #103 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #104 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #105 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #106 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Tension-type headache – self-care; Muscle contraction headache – self-care; Headache – benign – self-care; Headache – tension- self-care; Chronic headaches – tension – self-care; Rebound headaches – tension – self-care […] Hot or cold showers or baths may relieve a headache for some people. You may also want to rest in a quiet room with a cool cloth on your forehead. […] Gently massaging your head and neck muscles may provide relief. […] Over-the-counter pain medicine, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen, may relieve pain. […] If your headaches are due to stress or anxiety, you may want to learn ways to relax. […] Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They can occur from overuse of pain medicine. If you take pain medicine more than 3 days a week on a regular basis, you can develop rebound headaches.

• #107 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Tension-type headache – self-care; Muscle contraction headache – self-care; Headache – benign – self-care; Headache – tension- self-care; Chronic headaches – tension – self-care; Rebound headaches – tension – self-care […] Hot or cold showers or baths may relieve a headache for some people. You may also want to rest in a quiet room with a cool cloth on your forehead. […] Gently massaging your head and neck muscles may provide relief. […] Over-the-counter pain medicine, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen, may relieve pain. […] If your headaches are due to stress or anxiety, you may want to learn ways to relax. […] Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They can occur from overuse of pain medicine. If you take pain medicine more than 3 days a week on a regular basis, you can develop rebound headaches.

• #108 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Tension-type headache – self-care; Muscle contraction headache – self-care; Headache – benign – self-care; Headache – tension- self-care; Chronic headaches – tension – self-care; Rebound headaches – tension – self-care […] Hot or cold showers or baths may relieve a headache for some people. You may also want to rest in a quiet room with a cool cloth on your forehead. […] Gently massaging your head and neck muscles may provide relief. […] Over-the-counter pain medicine, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen, may relieve pain. […] If your headaches are due to stress or anxiety, you may want to learn ways to relax. […] Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They can occur from overuse of pain medicine. If you take pain medicine more than 3 days a week on a regular basis, you can develop rebound headaches.

• #109 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] There are home treatments for tension headaches, and healthcare providers may prescribe medication and other therapies that will ease tension headache pain and pressure. […] Fortunately, there are many things you can do to prevent a tension headache. And if home treatment doesn’t work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure. […] If you have chronic tension headaches, your provider may prescribe: Antiseizure medications like gabapentin (Neurontin) or topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen). […] Antidepressants like amitriptyline that relieve pain. […] Alternative therapies like biofeedback, meditation or cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage stress. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers may help ease occasional tension headaches.

• #110 Tension Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tension-headache

  A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It can cause mild, moderate, or intense pain behind your eyes and in your head and neck. […] You can start by drinking more water. You may be dehydrated and need to increase your water intake. […] If none of those strategies work, then you can take over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, to get rid of a tension headache. However, these should only be used occasionally. […] OTC drugs are sometimes not enough to treat recurring tension headaches. In such cases, a healthcare professional may give you a prescription for medication, such as: tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, divalproex sodium, indomethacin, ketorolac, a pain relief medication, naproxen. […] If pain relievers aren’t working, they may prescribe a muscle relaxant. This is a medication that helps stop muscle contractions.

• #111 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #112 Tension headaches

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tension-headaches/

  Tension headaches are very common and most people get them. You can treat them yourself with painkillers but see a GP if you have several headaches a week or they’re severe. […] There are some things you can do to treat a tension headache yourself. […] A pharmacist can help with headaches. […] If you have regular tension headaches, a GP may suggest you keep a headache diary to record details of your headaches like: […] The GP may advise you about taking painkillers for tension headaches, such as when to take medicine and how often you should take it. […] If you get tension headaches regularly, you may be offered a course of acupuncture. […] An antidepressant medicine called amitriptyline is also sometimes recommended to help prevent tension headaches.

• #113 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] There are home treatments for tension headaches, and healthcare providers may prescribe medication and other therapies that will ease tension headache pain and pressure. […] Fortunately, there are many things you can do to prevent a tension headache. And if home treatment doesn’t work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure. […] If you have chronic tension headaches, your provider may prescribe: Antiseizure medications like gabapentin (Neurontin) or topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen). […] Antidepressants like amitriptyline that relieve pain. […] Alternative therapies like biofeedback, meditation or cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage stress. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers may help ease occasional tension headaches.

• #114 Tension Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tension-headache

  A healthcare professional may also prescribe an antidepressant, such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs can stabilize your brains levels of serotonin and can help you cope with stress. […] They may also recommend other strategies, such as: Stress management classes. These classes can teach you ways to cope with stress and how to relieve tension. Biofeedback. This is a relaxation technique that teaches you to manage pain and stress. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is talk therapy that helps you recognize situations that cause you stress, anxiety, and tension. Acupuncture. This is an alternative therapy that may lower your stress and tension by applying fine needles to specific areas of your body. […] The following may also ease your tension headache: Apply a heating pad or ice pack to your head for 5 to 10 minutes several times a day. Take a hot bath or shower to relax tense muscles. Improve your posture. Take frequent computer breaks to prevent eye strain.

• #115 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Physical therapy, specifically manual therapy, modestly reduces tension-type headache frequency. Other nonpharmacologic treatments are not effective. […] For acute medical treatment, only acetaminophen and ibuprofen have been studied. Acetaminophen at 1,000 mg and ibuprofen at 400 mg increase the likelihood of being pain free two hours later; lower doses of acetaminophen are not effective. […] Amitriptyline effectively prevents tension-type headaches, reducing headache frequency and the need for abortive medications. Benefits are seen after three months of use. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. […] Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. The angiotensin receptor blockers telmisartan (Micardis) and candesartan (Atacand) reduce migraine frequency with few adverse effects.

• #116 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antiemetics, ergot alkaloids, and combination analgesics have evidence supporting their effectiveness in the treatment of migraine. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Although triptans are effective, they may be expensive. Other medications such as dihydroergotamine and antiemetics are recommended for use as second- or third-line therapy for select patients or for those with refractory migraine. The pharmacologic properties, potential adverse effects, cost, and routes of administration vary widely, allowing therapy to be individualized based on the pattern and severity of attacks. Several treatment principles, including taking medication early in an attack and using a stratified treatment approach, can help ensure that migraine treatment is cost-effective.

• #117 Headaches: Treatment Options

  https://www.health.com/headaches-treatment-6890062

  There is no cure for migraine or cluster headaches. Some strategies can reduce the number of headaches you have each month. TTHs can sometimes be eliminated by addressing the root cause—for example, if insomnia or depression is triggering headaches. […] Migraine treatments usually include a two-pronged approach: acute treatments to treat existing symptoms and preventive treatments to reduce the number of episodes. […] Acute treatments for migraine include anti-nausea medications, CGRP antagonists, pain relievers, and triptans. […] Treatments for preventing migraine include anticonvulsants, antidepressants, beta-blockers, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections, CGRP antagonists, and lifestyle changes. […] The treatment for tension-type headaches (TTH) usually depends on how frequent your headaches are.

• #118 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Ibuprofen and high-dose acetaminophen improve acute tension-type headaches. Amitriptyline is effective at preventing tension-type headaches after three months of treatment. […] Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. Intravenous magnesium and greater occipital nerve blocks are also effective. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Galcanezumab reduces cluster headache frequency, whereas triptans and oxygen may improve acute cluster headaches. […] Some nonpharmacologic treatments are effective for most headaches. Aerobic exercise and progressive strength training decrease headache frequency for numerous headache disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies may slightly reduce headache frequency for all headache types.

• #119 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antiemetics, ergot alkaloids, and combination analgesics have evidence supporting their effectiveness in the treatment of migraine. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Although triptans are effective, they may be expensive. Other medications such as dihydroergotamine and antiemetics are recommended for use as second- or third-line therapy for select patients or for those with refractory migraine. The pharmacologic properties, potential adverse effects, cost, and routes of administration vary widely, allowing therapy to be individualized based on the pattern and severity of attacks. Several treatment principles, including taking medication early in an attack and using a stratified treatment approach, can help ensure that migraine treatment is cost-effective.

• #120 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Strong evidence supports the use of acetaminophen and oral NSAIDs such as aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen as first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine attacks. […] Triptans are an effective first-line treatment for moderate to severe migraine. […] Triptans may not be effective in all patients or all migraine episodes. Repeating the same dose of the same medication may not relieve persistent symptoms. […] Several other medications have good evidence of effectiveness for migraine. However, they are reserved as second-line agents because of adverse effects, route of administration, cost, or abuse potential. […] Parenteral dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) is commonly used to treat refractory migraine. However, vasoconstrictive agents should be avoided for 24 hours after administration of a triptan. […] Opioids can be considered for refractory migraine but should be used sparingly and infrequently.

• #121 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Strong evidence supports the use of acetaminophen and oral NSAIDs such as aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen as first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine attacks. […] Triptans are an effective first-line treatment for moderate to severe migraine. […] Triptans may not be effective in all patients or all migraine episodes. Repeating the same dose of the same medication may not relieve persistent symptoms. […] Several other medications have good evidence of effectiveness for migraine. However, they are reserved as second-line agents because of adverse effects, route of administration, cost, or abuse potential. […] Parenteral dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) is commonly used to treat refractory migraine. However, vasoconstrictive agents should be avoided for 24 hours after administration of a triptan. […] Opioids can be considered for refractory migraine but should be used sparingly and infrequently.

• #122 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Medications for migraine relief are most effective when taken at the first sign of symptoms. Options include: Pain relievers such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), or naproxen (Aleve). Prolonged use may lead to medication-overuse headaches and other side effects. Combination migraine relief medications that include combinations of ingredients, for example, caffeine, aspirin, and acetaminophen (Excedrin Migraine). These may help with mild pain. Triptans are prescription drugs; examples include almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), sumatriptan (Imitrex, Onzetra, Tosymra) and rizatriptan (Maxalt) which block pain pathways that contribute to migraine headaches. Dihydroergotamine (Migranal, Trudhesa) which is available as a nasal spray or injection and effective for longer-lasting migraines. Lasmiditan (Reyvow) which is an oral tablet that can be used to treat migraines with or without aura. Gepants, such as ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) or rimegepant (Nurtec ODT) which block the effect of CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), a small protein involved in pain transmission that is highly prevalent in the nerves that supply the head and the neck. Intranasal zavegepant (Zavzpret), is a gepant available as a nasal spray that provides migraine relief within 15 minutes to 2 hours. Methocarbamol (Robaxin) which may be used to relax muscles if neck pain is present in addition to the migraine. Opioid medications which are not recommended first-line because of their risk for addiction, but may be used when other treatments are ineffective.

• #123 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Strong evidence supports the use of acetaminophen and oral NSAIDs such as aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen as first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine attacks. […] Triptans are an effective first-line treatment for moderate to severe migraine. […] Triptans may not be effective in all patients or all migraine episodes. Repeating the same dose of the same medication may not relieve persistent symptoms. […] Several other medications have good evidence of effectiveness for migraine. However, they are reserved as second-line agents because of adverse effects, route of administration, cost, or abuse potential. […] Parenteral dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) is commonly used to treat refractory migraine. However, vasoconstrictive agents should be avoided for 24 hours after administration of a triptan. […] Opioids can be considered for refractory migraine but should be used sparingly and infrequently.

• #124 Migraine treatment and prevention | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/migraine-treatment-and-prevention/

  If over the counter medication is not helping your symptoms, your GP might recommend a triptan and/or anti sickness medication. […] Triptan medicines are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Common side effects of triptans include: warm sensations, tightness, tingling, flushing and light headedness, feelings of heaviness in the face, throat, limbs or chest. […] Taking too many triptans can lead to medication overuse headache. […] Gepants are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Gepants are not recommended during pregnancy. […] Anti-sickness medicines, known as anti-emetics, can treat migraine in some people. […] They can be taken alongside painkillers and triptans. […] Side effects of anti-emetics include drowsiness and diarrhoea. […] Medication is available to help prevent migraine attacks. […] Preventive medication is not a cure for migraine attacks. The aim is to reduce how severe and often migraine attacks occur. […] Propranolol is a medication used to treat angina and high blood pressure. Its also effective in preventing migraine. […] You might be prescribed tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline or nortriptyline. […] Topiramate is a type of medication originally developed to prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. Its now much more commonly used for migraine.

• #125 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  The classes of medications that are effective for migraine prevention include: Antiepileptics, Antidepressants, Antihypertensives, Botulinum toxin, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors. […] Botulinum toxin A (onabotulinumtoxinA; BOTOX) may be beneficial in patients with intractable, chronic migraine that has failed to respond to at least 3 conventional preventive medications. […] Inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is a new method to prevent migraines. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and is a key neuropeptide that is central to migraine pathophysiology.

• #126 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Preventive treatments for migraine aim to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraines. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications: Beta-blockers like propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan) for migraines with aura. Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline can prevent migraines, while alternative antidepressants may be prescribed to mitigate side effects like sleepiness. Anti-seizure drugs: Valproate and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy) may help with less frequent migraines but may cause side effects like dizziness, weight changes, and nausea. Not recommended for pregnant women. Botox injections: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections every 12 weeks can prevent migraines in some adults. Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig), fremanezumab-vfrm (Ajovy), galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality), and eptinezumab-jjmr (Vyepti) are newer monthly or quarterly injection treatments approved by the FDA. Atogepant (Qulipta): Taken orally once daily to prevent migraines. Potential side effects include nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): Prevents and also treats migraines. Available as an orally disintegrating tablet.

• #127 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #128 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #129 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Preventive treatments for migraine aim to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraines. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications: Beta-blockers like propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan) for migraines with aura. Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline can prevent migraines, while alternative antidepressants may be prescribed to mitigate side effects like sleepiness. Anti-seizure drugs: Valproate and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy) may help with less frequent migraines but may cause side effects like dizziness, weight changes, and nausea. Not recommended for pregnant women. Botox injections: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections every 12 weeks can prevent migraines in some adults. Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig), fremanezumab-vfrm (Ajovy), galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality), and eptinezumab-jjmr (Vyepti) are newer monthly or quarterly injection treatments approved by the FDA. Atogepant (Qulipta): Taken orally once daily to prevent migraines. Potential side effects include nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): Prevents and also treats migraines. Available as an orally disintegrating tablet.

• #130 New Treatment Options for Headaches | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/new-headache-treatment-options.html

  Migraines, the third most-common illness globally, affect 39 million people in the U.S. and can be as devastating as they are prevalent. […] „It’s an exciting time in headache medicine,” says neurologist Dr. Nasima D. Shadbehr, who recently launched a specialized headache clinic at Cedars-Sinai. […] New treatments have revolutionized the field over the past two years and have vastly expanded the possibilities and hope for most migraine sufferers whose symptoms don’t improve using traditional medications. […] This new class of migraine-prevention therapies target the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, a protein linked to migraine symptoms. […] Patients can self-administer monthly injections of Aimovig (erenumab), Emgality (galcanezumab) or the third drug, Ajovy (fremanezumab, which can be injected monthly or quarterly), while another similar antibody option Vyepti (eptinezumab) is delivered as a quarterly IV infusion.

• #131 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  The classes of medications that are effective for migraine prevention include: Antiepileptics, Antidepressants, Antihypertensives, Botulinum toxin, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors. […] Botulinum toxin A (onabotulinumtoxinA; BOTOX) may be beneficial in patients with intractable, chronic migraine that has failed to respond to at least 3 conventional preventive medications. […] Inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is a new method to prevent migraines. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and is a key neuropeptide that is central to migraine pathophysiology.

• #132 List of 87 Headache Medicines & Tablets Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/headache.html

  Preventive treatments for migraine aim to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraines. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications: Beta-blockers like propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil (Verelan, Calan) for migraines with aura. Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline can prevent migraines, while alternative antidepressants may be prescribed to mitigate side effects like sleepiness. Anti-seizure drugs: Valproate and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy) may help with less frequent migraines but may cause side effects like dizziness, weight changes, and nausea. Not recommended for pregnant women. Botox injections: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections every 12 weeks can prevent migraines in some adults. Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig), fremanezumab-vfrm (Ajovy), galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality), and eptinezumab-jjmr (Vyepti) are newer monthly or quarterly injection treatments approved by the FDA. Atogepant (Qulipta): Taken orally once daily to prevent migraines. Potential side effects include nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): Prevents and also treats migraines. Available as an orally disintegrating tablet.

• #133 Migraine treatment and prevention | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/migraine-treatment-and-prevention/

  If over the counter medication is not helping your symptoms, your GP might recommend a triptan and/or anti sickness medication. […] Triptan medicines are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Common side effects of triptans include: warm sensations, tightness, tingling, flushing and light headedness, feelings of heaviness in the face, throat, limbs or chest. […] Taking too many triptans can lead to medication overuse headache. […] Gepants are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Gepants are not recommended during pregnancy. […] Anti-sickness medicines, known as anti-emetics, can treat migraine in some people. […] They can be taken alongside painkillers and triptans. […] Side effects of anti-emetics include drowsiness and diarrhoea. […] Medication is available to help prevent migraine attacks. […] Preventive medication is not a cure for migraine attacks. The aim is to reduce how severe and often migraine attacks occur. […] Propranolol is a medication used to treat angina and high blood pressure. Its also effective in preventing migraine. […] You might be prescribed tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline or nortriptyline. […] Topiramate is a type of medication originally developed to prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. Its now much more commonly used for migraine.

• #134 Migraine treatment and prevention | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/migraine-treatment-and-prevention/

  If over the counter medication is not helping your symptoms, your GP might recommend a triptan and/or anti sickness medication. […] Triptan medicines are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Common side effects of triptans include: warm sensations, tightness, tingling, flushing and light headedness, feelings of heaviness in the face, throat, limbs or chest. […] Taking too many triptans can lead to medication overuse headache. […] Gepants are a specific painkiller for migraine headaches. […] Gepants are not recommended during pregnancy. […] Anti-sickness medicines, known as anti-emetics, can treat migraine in some people. […] They can be taken alongside painkillers and triptans. […] Side effects of anti-emetics include drowsiness and diarrhoea. […] Medication is available to help prevent migraine attacks. […] Preventive medication is not a cure for migraine attacks. The aim is to reduce how severe and often migraine attacks occur. […] Propranolol is a medication used to treat angina and high blood pressure. Its also effective in preventing migraine. […] You might be prescribed tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline or nortriptyline. […] Topiramate is a type of medication originally developed to prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. Its now much more commonly used for migraine.

• #135 Migraine | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html

  Migraines are a recurring type of headache. […] There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. […] There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is. […] There are also other things you can do to feel better: Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room, placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead, drinking fluids. […] There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines: Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. […] Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. […] If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. […] Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines.

• #136 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #137 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #138 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #139 Migraine | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html

  Migraines are a recurring type of headache. […] There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. […] There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is. […] There are also other things you can do to feel better: Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room, placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead, drinking fluids. […] There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines: Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. […] Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. […] If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. […] Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines.

• #140 Migraine | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html

  Migraines are a recurring type of headache. […] There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. […] There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is. […] There are also other things you can do to feel better: Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room, placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead, drinking fluids. […] There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines: Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. […] Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. […] If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. […] Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines.

• #141 Headache Treatment, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis | Headache TMJ

  https://www.headachetmj.com/treatments/headaches/

  To manage and prevent the pain from chronic tension-type headaches, it is best to take daily prescription medications, such as: Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, Muscle relaxers. […] Cluster headaches are described as intense pain in or around one eye on one side of the head and occur at intervals for weeks to months. […] Preventive medications for cluster headaches include: Calcium channel blockers, Corticosteroids, Antiepileptic medication. […] Treatment for migraines is similar to that of headaches so following many of the tips for headache relief should help alleviate migraines as well. […] When headaches happen there are several remedies to ease the pain even without having to go to a doctor. […] Melatonin is a hormone that has been identified as deficient in migraine patients. Studies have shown positive results after taking melatonin supplements to help prevent the frequency of headaches.

• #142 Headaches Treatment, Medicine, Types, Migraine, Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/headache/article.htm

  If these fail, other supportive treatments are available. Recurrent headaches should be a signal to seek medical help. Physical therapy, massage, biofeedback, and stress management can all be used as adjuncts to help control tension headaches. […] Cluster headaches may be very difficult to treat, and it may take trial and error to find the specific treatment regimen that will work for each patient. Since the headache recurs daily, there are two treatment needs. The pain of the first episode needs to be controlled, and the headaches that follow need to be prevented. […] Initial treatment options may include one or more of the following: inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen, injection of triptan medications, spraying or dripping lidocaine, dihydroergotamine, and caffeine. […] Prevention of the next cluster headache may include calcium channel blockers, prednisone, antidepressant medications, lithium, and antiseizure medications including valproic acid and topiramate.

• #143 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #144 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #145 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #146 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #147 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #148 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  There are a variety of available cluster headache treatment options that can help provide relief. […] Dr. Tepper has one important piece of advice for patients living with cluster headache: Get to a headache specialist. […] While cluster headache experiences can vary, in most cases it can be successfully treated by individualizing acute and preventive drug treatment. […] It’s important to note that only sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine injections are FDA-approved for acute treatment of CH, while galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of episodic cluster. […] It is important to work with your doctor to arrive at the treatment plan that’s right for you. […] Acute treatments for cluster headache include: Oxygen, Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, Lidocaine. […] The options for preventive treatment in CH are determined largely by the length of the attack, as opposed to the designation of episodic versus chronic CH.

• #149 Current treatment options for cluster headache: limitations and the unmet need for better and specific treatments—a consensus article | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01660-8

  The treatment of CH can be divided into three categories 1) acute treatment aiming to abort the single attacks, 2) preventive treatment that taken at regular intervals aims to lower attack frequency and pain intensity, and lastly 3) transitional treatment that can be used as a short-lasting preventive if bouts are short or, more often, to obtain a bridging effect in the period a preventive is titrated to its therapeutic threshold. […] Treatment with 100% oxygen and triptans are the cornerstones of acute CH treatment and it is recommended to prescribe both. […] Preventive treatment is the cornerstone of CH management in order to suppress or limit the extreme pain attacks. […] The existing treatment recommendations are based on small and low level of evidence studies. […] The rationale for using verapamil as a first-line preventive treatment is based on two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three open label studies.

• #150 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #151 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #152 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  When prescription drugs are needed, most doctors turn to the triptans, which are available as tablets, nasal sprays, or as injections that patients can learn to give to themselves. […] Work with your doctor to find the migraine treatment that works best for you. […] Some people can prevent migraines simply by avoiding triggers. Others do well with prompt therapy for occasional attacks. But patients who suffer frequent migraine attacks often benefit from preventive medications. […] Inhaling high flow oxygen soon after the onset of the headache can often stop the attack. Sumatriptan is often effective for cluster headaches, particularly when given by injection. Other triptans may also help. […] The most effective medication for preventing cluster headache attacks is verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker.

• #153 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #154 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #155 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #156 Cluster Headache Treatment Options | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/cluster-headache-treatment-options/

  Verapamil, a medication used to treat high blood pressure, is a commonly prescribed medication for CH prevention. […] Prednisone may be administered as a short-term bridge for 10-21 days, while waiting for the prevention medications to begin to work. […] Lithium carbonate is mainly used for chronic CH because of its side effects, although it is sometimes employed for the episodic variety. […] Studies have shown that topiramate can be an effective option for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache. […] Galcanezumab received approval from the FDA for preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. […] The American Migraine Foundation has an extensive collection of information on cluster headache and other disorders that cause severe headache in our resource library.

• #157 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #158 Cluster headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – ArrowVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/cluster-headache/

  There is no cure for cluster headache. Treatment for cluster headache falls into two categories: […] Acute treatment to stop an attack when it’s happening. […] Preventive treatment to decrease the severity and prevent attacks. […] The main acute treatments for cluster headache are: Sumatriptan, 6 mg injection provides relief within 15 minutes […] High flow Oxygen, 100% at 7-15 litres/minute for 15-20 minutes is effective at stopping attacks. […] gammaCore, an electrical device, can be used as an acute or preventive treatment. It is not suitable for everyone. […] Verapamil is the preventive treatment of choice for cluster headache. […] Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) block (an injection around a nerve at the back of the head) – has been found to be on average 50% effective in cluster headache and often provides relief while finding other long-term treatments. […] Corticosteroids – these can provide short-term relief. They shouldn’t be used long-term and are often used while finding other treatments that work. […] Other things that may be effective include lithium, melatonin, and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

• #159 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  Headaches are a very common condition that most people will experience many times during their lives. […] While most headaches aren’t dangerous, certain types can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Primary headaches typically aren’t dangerous, but they can be very painful and disrupt your day-to-day life. […] Treatment for headaches depends on the type. […] One of the most crucial aspects of treating primary headaches is figuring out your triggers. […] Not every headache requires medication. A range of treatments is available. Depending on your headache type, frequency and cause, treatment options include: Stress management, Biofeedback, Medications, Treating the underlying medical condition/cause. […] Treatment for secondary headaches involves treating the underlying medical condition causing it.

• #160 What Is Headache? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/headache/guide/

  Preventive medications are taken regularly, sometimes daily, to stop migraine attacks before they start. […] Tension-type headaches can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), or acetaminophen, or sometimes they don’t require treatment at all, says Hamilton. […] Acute treatment for cluster headache includes 100 percent oxygen therapy and injectable or nasal spray triptans. […] Whenever possible, the underlying cause of a secondary headache should be treated; for example, if the headache is caused by an infection, the infection should be treated, per the Sepsis Alliance.

• #161 Headache | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/headache

  Headaches are very common, with around 15% of Australians taking pain-relieving medication for headache at any given time. […] It is important to seek diagnosis from a qualified health professional. […] Treatment for headaches depends on its cause. Some of the various treatments include: over-the-counter pain-relieving medications, such as aspirin or paracetamol; relaxation techniques, such as massage; changing your diet; alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or chiropractic; stress management; eliminating any medications that may be causing headache as a side effect, such as birth-control pills; medications that act on the arteries; treatment for any underlying disorder, such as high blood pressure, neck problems or jaw problems. […] Ask your doctor or healthcare professional for help in treating chronic headache. Your doctor can refer you to appropriate experts, such as ear, nose and throat specialists, neurologists, optometrists and physical therapists.

• #162 What Is Headache? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/headache/guide/

  Preventive medications are taken regularly, sometimes daily, to stop migraine attacks before they start. […] Tension-type headaches can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), or acetaminophen, or sometimes they don’t require treatment at all, says Hamilton. […] Acute treatment for cluster headache includes 100 percent oxygen therapy and injectable or nasal spray triptans. […] Whenever possible, the underlying cause of a secondary headache should be treated; for example, if the headache is caused by an infection, the infection should be treated, per the Sepsis Alliance.

• #163 The Complete Headache Chart | National Headache Foundation

  https://headaches.org/resources/the-complete-headache-chart/

  Treatment and Prevention: Treat with aspirin, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, antibiotics as needed. […] Treatment: Once confirmed, treatment should consist of dietary modification to avoid triggers, regular exercise and sleep, and dietary supplementation, such as magnesium. […] Treatment: Regular, nourishing meals containing adequate protein and complex carbohydrates. […] Treatment and Prevention: To prevent, keep blood pressure under control. Treat with appropriate blood pressure medication. […] Treatment and Prevention: Preemptively manage migraine attacks with mini-prophylaxis or pulse therapy with triptans, Remegepant may be effective to treat and/or prevent. […] Treatment and Prevention: Prevent with biofeedback, some beta-blockers ex. propranolol, timolol, some antiepileptic drugs ex topiramate, divalproex sodium, or some antidepressants amitriptyline, nortriptyline.

• #164 Headache | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/headache

  Headaches are very common, with around 15% of Australians taking pain-relieving medication for headache at any given time. […] It is important to seek diagnosis from a qualified health professional. […] Treatment for headaches depends on its cause. Some of the various treatments include: over-the-counter pain-relieving medications, such as aspirin or paracetamol; relaxation techniques, such as massage; changing your diet; alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or chiropractic; stress management; eliminating any medications that may be causing headache as a side effect, such as birth-control pills; medications that act on the arteries; treatment for any underlying disorder, such as high blood pressure, neck problems or jaw problems. […] Ask your doctor or healthcare professional for help in treating chronic headache. Your doctor can refer you to appropriate experts, such as ear, nose and throat specialists, neurologists, optometrists and physical therapists.

• #165 Headache | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/headache

  Headaches are very common, with around 15% of Australians taking pain-relieving medication for headache at any given time. […] It is important to seek diagnosis from a qualified health professional. […] Treatment for headaches depends on its cause. Some of the various treatments include: over-the-counter pain-relieving medications, such as aspirin or paracetamol; relaxation techniques, such as massage; changing your diet; alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or chiropractic; stress management; eliminating any medications that may be causing headache as a side effect, such as birth-control pills; medications that act on the arteries; treatment for any underlying disorder, such as high blood pressure, neck problems or jaw problems. […] Ask your doctor or healthcare professional for help in treating chronic headache. Your doctor can refer you to appropriate experts, such as ear, nose and throat specialists, neurologists, optometrists and physical therapists.

• #166 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  The management of chronic daily headache depends on the type of headache and whether medication overuse is a factor. […] The approach to treating medication-overuse headache involves understanding the cycle that is happening, stopping the medication being overused, and working with your healthcare provider to establish an appropriate headache treatment and prevention plan. […] Most people who suffer from cluster headaches will need both acute and preventive medicines. […] Preventive therapy is usually started as soon as possible and taken every day when a new cluster of headaches develops. Some people require a combination of medicines. […] Several therapies can be used along with medical treatment in people with headache. […] Behavioral therapy works by helping you to address the stress, anger, or frustration that can come with frequent or chronic headache pain.

• #167 Headaches: Causes, types, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/headaches

  Headaches are a common health problem that most people experience at some time. […] Frequent or severe headaches can affect a persons quality of life. Knowing how to recognize the type of headache and its cause can help a person take appropriate action. […] Rest and pain relief medication are the main treatments for headaches. […] Options include: over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; prescription pain relief medications; preventive medication for specific conditions, such as migraine; other treatments for underlying conditions. […] It is crucial for a person to follow their doctors guidance to prevent medication overuse headaches. […] Treating medication overuse headaches involves reducing or stopping the medication. A doctor can help develop a plan to ease off the medication safely.

• #168 Inpatient Headache Treatment

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/inpatient-headache-treatment/31903/

  A multidisciplinary approach with scheduled and as needed medications and nonpharmacologic treatments provides best outcomes of inpatient headache care. […] Considering the social and economic burdens and high rates of hospital admission, there is an impetus for health care professionals to develop inpatient strategies for treating headache. Data support an integrative approach using a multidisciplinary format to drive better outcomes. […] Most importantly, the data show that the application of inpatient treatment for headache disorders (eg, migraine) decreases disability, better treats pain, reduces use of acute rescue analgesic medication, and provides improved long-term benefits. […] For headache management in multidisciplinary inpatient programs with the strongest outcomes, the average length is 13 days, which allows for the fundamental improvements in pain and disability and the long-term benefits of focused programs for inpatient headache treatment.

• #169 Inpatient Headache Treatment

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/inpatient-headache-treatment/31903/

  Successful multidisciplinary inpatient headache treatment relies on both scheduled and as-needed medications being offered simultaneously. The addition of nonpharmacologic treatments is key to success as well. […] There are also several nonpharmacologic approaches to inpatient migraine treatment that together with medications contribute to a successful multidisciplinary approach. […] Using a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach for management of refractory and severe headache symptoms will drive the best possible outcomes.

• #170 Headache Treatment and Headache Relief

  https://www.froedtert.com/headache

  Headache Treatment involves observation, treatments, monitoring the outcome of the treatments, and making changes to improve your response. […] By working with our medical team, most patients can achieve positive results. […] Finding the best treatment solutions requires you to „know yourself” by keeping a headache diary to determine what influences your headaches and how your treatments are working. […] We take a multidisciplinary team approach to examine the reasons for your headaches. […] Through medicine and lifestyle adjustments, we work with you to find the best answers. […] Even in the best of hands with the best of medicines, only half of the people with disabling headaches will reduce 50 percent of their headaches in six months with any given single preventative approach. […] Our multidisciplinary approach is an effective way to achieve positive results over time.

• #171 Migraine & Headache Treatment | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurology/migraine

  Our migraine specialists provide comprehensive, coordinated migraine care with your well-being in mind. […] We offer state-of-the-art, collaborative care for migraines and headaches through the UCLA Goldberg Migraine Program. Our specialists research the latest treatment options and use advanced therapies to treat all types of headaches. […] Our headache treatment specialists care for patients with all types of headaches or migraines. Our program focuses on two key areas: […] Our migraine specialists use a team approach to provide effective, comprehensive care. We work with you to create a plan that works for your lifestyle, individual needs and preferences. Treatment may include: […] Abortive medicines can help stop the progression of migraine symptoms. Preventive medications can decrease the frequency and intensity of migraines. You may need to try different medicines to find the ones that work best for you.

• #172 Inpatient Headache Treatment

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/inpatient-headache-treatment/31903/

  Successful multidisciplinary inpatient headache treatment relies on both scheduled and as-needed medications being offered simultaneously. The addition of nonpharmacologic treatments is key to success as well. […] There are also several nonpharmacologic approaches to inpatient migraine treatment that together with medications contribute to a successful multidisciplinary approach. […] Using a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach for management of refractory and severe headache symptoms will drive the best possible outcomes.

• #173 Health Tips | 3 Ways a Physical Therapist Can Help Manage Headaches | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/health-tips/3-ways-physical-therapist-help-manage-headaches

  Headaches affect 47% of the world’s population. They are described by the type and location of pain in the head. Many headaches are harmless and resolve on their own. However, frequent moderate to severe headaches can impact your ability to do daily activities and affect quality of life. […] A physical therapist will perform a full examination to diagnose the type of headache. Based on their findings, they will develop the most effective treatment plan. […] Physical therapy has been proven to: […] Decrease or resolve the intensity, frequency, and duration of headaches. […] A physical therapist treatment plan for headaches may include: […] Proven hands-on techniques can: […] Some physical therapists also provide dry needling for certain types of headaches. […] Research has shown that various types of exercises can:

• #174 Behavioral Treatment of Headache and Patients With Migraine

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/behavioral-treatment-migraine-patients/

  Many patients have trouble sticking to the medical treatment recommended. This leads to inadequate management of their headaches or migraines. […] Patients find that using behavioral treatments make this process easier and more successful. […] Psychologists are involved in the treatment of headaches and migraine because they know the pain is real. They can offer effective strategies for the management of this pain. […] Behavioral treatment is meant to empower you to act in your own best interests. Choosing comprehensive treatment helps you manage the difficulties in the many areas of your life that have been influenced by headache or migraine. If you are ready to approach the management of your headache or migraine in a new way, pursue behavioral treatment. […] Treatment options vary, from acute treatment to relieve symptoms to preventive treatment to reduce the number of attacks you experience. There are also behavioral treatment options and lifestyle changes that can help. […] Alternative migraine therapies can work alongside traditional treatments to reduce migraine attack frequency and lessen the impact of symptoms.

• #175 9 Natural Strategies for Headache Relief

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/9-natural-strategies-for-headache-relief-infographic

  Headaches are usually caused by a combination of chemical activity in the brain, nerves, blood vessels or muscles in your head and neck. […] If youre tired of reaching for the pill bottle or dealing with the pain, check out these natural ways to ease your headaches. If you still have a hard time managing the pain, talk to your doctor. […] A few studies show the positive effects of drinking more water on those who suffer from headaches and migraines. […] Exercise can trigger headaches and migraines for some people, but studies also show moderate aerobic exercise can prevent headaches. […] Some studies suggest certain foods prevent and reduce headache pain. […] The American Massage Therapy Association says full-body massages can help relieve headaches, as well as arthritis, lower back pain and insomnia.

• #176 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Knowing your headache triggers can help you avoid situations that cause your headaches. […] Review your diary with your provider to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your provider create a treatment plan. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them. […] If your provider prescribes medicines to prevent headaches or help with stress, follow instructions exactly on how to take them. […] Schedule an appointment or contact your provider if: Your headache pattern or pain changes. […] You need to take pain medicines more than 3 days a week.

• #177 Headache Treatment and Headache Relief

  https://www.froedtert.com/headache

  Headache Treatment involves observation, treatments, monitoring the outcome of the treatments, and making changes to improve your response. […] By working with our medical team, most patients can achieve positive results. […] Finding the best treatment solutions requires you to „know yourself” by keeping a headache diary to determine what influences your headaches and how your treatments are working. […] We take a multidisciplinary team approach to examine the reasons for your headaches. […] Through medicine and lifestyle adjustments, we work with you to find the best answers. […] Even in the best of hands with the best of medicines, only half of the people with disabling headaches will reduce 50 percent of their headaches in six months with any given single preventative approach. […] Our multidisciplinary approach is an effective way to achieve positive results over time.

• #178 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Knowing your headache triggers can help you avoid situations that cause your headaches. […] Review your diary with your provider to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your provider create a treatment plan. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them. […] If your provider prescribes medicines to prevent headaches or help with stress, follow instructions exactly on how to take them. […] Schedule an appointment or contact your provider if: Your headache pattern or pain changes. […] You need to take pain medicines more than 3 days a week.

• #179 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Nearly everyone has had headache pain, and most of us have had it many times. A minor headache is little more than a nuisance that’s relieved by an over-the-counter pain reliever, some food or coffee, or a short rest. But if your headache is severe or unusual, you might worry about stroke, a tumor, or a blood clot. Fortunately, such problems are rare. Still, you should know when a headache needs urgent care and how to control the vast majority of headaches that are not threatening to your health. […] You can take care of many types of headaches by yourself, and your doctor can give you medication to control most of the tougher headaches. But some headaches call for prompt medical care. Here are some warning signs for when you should worry about headaches: headaches that first develop after age 50, a major change in the pattern of your headaches, an unusually severe headache, head pain that increases with coughing or movement, headaches that get steadily worse, changes in personality or mental function, headaches that are accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, decreased alertness or memory, or neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or seizures, headaches that are accompanied by a painful red eye, headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples, headaches after a blow to the head, headaches that prevent normal daily activities, headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up, headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems.

• #180 Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

  Do you take aspirin or acetaminophen for all your headaches? For some types of headaches, that’s not the best approach. Here’s why. […] Most occasional tension-type headaches are easily treated with over-the-counter medications, including: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). […] Daily prescription medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, might manage chronic tension-type headaches. Alternative therapies aimed at stress reduction might help. They include: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Massage therapy, Acupuncture. […] Migraine treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks. If you know what triggers your migraines, avoiding those triggers and learning how to manage them can help prevent migraines or lessen the pain. Treatment might include: Rest in a quiet, dark room, Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck, Massage and small amounts of caffeine, Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin, Prescription medications including triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) and zolmitriptan (Zomig), Preventive medications such as metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Innopran, Inderal, others), amitriptyline, divalproex (Depakote), topiramate (Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR, Topamax) or erenumab-aooe (Aimovig). […] If headaches are disrupting your activities, work or personal life, it’s time to see your doctor. Headaches can’t always be prevented, but your doctor can help you manage the symptoms.

• #181 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Knowing your headache triggers can help you avoid situations that cause your headaches. […] Review your diary with your provider to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your provider create a treatment plan. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them. […] If your provider prescribes medicines to prevent headaches or help with stress, follow instructions exactly on how to take them. […] Schedule an appointment or contact your provider if: Your headache pattern or pain changes. […] You need to take pain medicines more than 3 days a week.

• #182 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Nearly everyone has had headache pain, and most of us have had it many times. A minor headache is little more than a nuisance that’s relieved by an over-the-counter pain reliever, some food or coffee, or a short rest. But if your headache is severe or unusual, you might worry about stroke, a tumor, or a blood clot. Fortunately, such problems are rare. Still, you should know when a headache needs urgent care and how to control the vast majority of headaches that are not threatening to your health. […] You can take care of many types of headaches by yourself, and your doctor can give you medication to control most of the tougher headaches. But some headaches call for prompt medical care. Here are some warning signs for when you should worry about headaches: headaches that first develop after age 50, a major change in the pattern of your headaches, an unusually severe headache, head pain that increases with coughing or movement, headaches that get steadily worse, changes in personality or mental function, headaches that are accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, decreased alertness or memory, or neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or seizures, headaches that are accompanied by a painful red eye, headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples, headaches after a blow to the head, headaches that prevent normal daily activities, headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up, headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems.

• #183 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Nearly everyone has had headache pain, and most of us have had it many times. A minor headache is little more than a nuisance that’s relieved by an over-the-counter pain reliever, some food or coffee, or a short rest. But if your headache is severe or unusual, you might worry about stroke, a tumor, or a blood clot. Fortunately, such problems are rare. Still, you should know when a headache needs urgent care and how to control the vast majority of headaches that are not threatening to your health. […] You can take care of many types of headaches by yourself, and your doctor can give you medication to control most of the tougher headaches. But some headaches call for prompt medical care. Here are some warning signs for when you should worry about headaches: headaches that first develop after age 50, a major change in the pattern of your headaches, an unusually severe headache, head pain that increases with coughing or movement, headaches that get steadily worse, changes in personality or mental function, headaches that are accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, decreased alertness or memory, or neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or seizures, headaches that are accompanied by a painful red eye, headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples, headaches after a blow to the head, headaches that prevent normal daily activities, headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up, headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems.

• #184 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Nearly everyone has had headache pain, and most of us have had it many times. A minor headache is little more than a nuisance that’s relieved by an over-the-counter pain reliever, some food or coffee, or a short rest. But if your headache is severe or unusual, you might worry about stroke, a tumor, or a blood clot. Fortunately, such problems are rare. Still, you should know when a headache needs urgent care and how to control the vast majority of headaches that are not threatening to your health. […] You can take care of many types of headaches by yourself, and your doctor can give you medication to control most of the tougher headaches. But some headaches call for prompt medical care. Here are some warning signs for when you should worry about headaches: headaches that first develop after age 50, a major change in the pattern of your headaches, an unusually severe headache, head pain that increases with coughing or movement, headaches that get steadily worse, changes in personality or mental function, headaches that are accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, decreased alertness or memory, or neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or seizures, headaches that are accompanied by a painful red eye, headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples, headaches after a blow to the head, headaches that prevent normal daily activities, headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up, headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems.

• #185 Headache Pain: When to Worry, What to Do – Harvard Health Publishing – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/headache-when-to-worry-what-to-do

  Nearly everyone has had headache pain, and most of us have had it many times. A minor headache is little more than a nuisance that’s relieved by an over-the-counter pain reliever, some food or coffee, or a short rest. But if your headache is severe or unusual, you might worry about stroke, a tumor, or a blood clot. Fortunately, such problems are rare. Still, you should know when a headache needs urgent care and how to control the vast majority of headaches that are not threatening to your health. […] You can take care of many types of headaches by yourself, and your doctor can give you medication to control most of the tougher headaches. But some headaches call for prompt medical care. Here are some warning signs for when you should worry about headaches: headaches that first develop after age 50, a major change in the pattern of your headaches, an unusually severe headache, head pain that increases with coughing or movement, headaches that get steadily worse, changes in personality or mental function, headaches that are accompanied by fever, stiff neck, confusion, decreased alertness or memory, or neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or seizures, headaches that are accompanied by a painful red eye, headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples, headaches after a blow to the head, headaches that prevent normal daily activities, headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up, headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems.

• #186 Headaches

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/headaches/

  Most headaches go away on their own and are not a sign of something more serious. […] Headaches can last 30 minutes, several hours, or sometimes several days. […] drink plenty of water […] get plenty of rest if you also have a cold or the flu […] try to relax stress can make headaches worse […] take paracetamol or ibuprofen […] your headache keeps coming back […] painkillers do not help and your headache gets worse […] you have a bad throbbing pain at the front or side of your head it could be a migraine or, more rarely, a cluster headache […] you feel sick, vomit and find light or noise painful […] you regularly get headaches before or during your period […] has a headache that came on suddenly and is extremely painful

• #187 Managing tension headaches at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-tension-headaches-at-home

  Knowing your headache triggers can help you avoid situations that cause your headaches. […] Review your diary with your provider to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your provider create a treatment plan. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them. […] If your provider prescribes medicines to prevent headaches or help with stress, follow instructions exactly on how to take them. […] Schedule an appointment or contact your provider if: Your headache pattern or pain changes. […] You need to take pain medicines more than 3 days a week.

• #188 Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Headache treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medicines and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to your needs. […] Headache treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your headache. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a headache to relieve the pain immediately. You only take these medications as needed when you have severe headache. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines or other treatments you use on a regular (often daily) basis to prevent headaches in the future. You use these treatments as scheduled regardless of whether or not you have a headache at the time. […] Preventive therapy is recommended for people with tension-type headaches that are frequent, such as those that occur nine or more days each month. Preventive therapy is also recommended when headaches are long-lasting or have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do their normal activities.

• #189 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Migraine treatment involves acute (abortive) and preventive (prophylactic) therapy. Patients with frequent attacks usually require both. Measures directed toward reducing migraine triggers are also generally advisable. […] Acute treatment aims to reverse, or at least stop, the progression of a headache that has started. Preventive treatment, which is given even in the absence of a headache, aims to reduce the frequency and severity of the migraine attack, make acute attacks more responsive to abortive therapy, and perhaps also improve the patient’s quality of life. […] Migraine-specific medications and analgesia are key elements of ED care. […] Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation therapy are frequently effective against migraine headaches and may be used adjunctively with pharmacologic treatments.

• #190 Understanding Headache Causes, Treatment & Prevention | TYLENOL®

  https://www.tylenol.com/adult-relief/headaches/causes-treatment-prevention

  Headaches can range from mildly uncomfortable to completely debilitating. […] Understanding the different types of headaches and identifying their triggers can help you choose the right treatment and prevention strategies. Here are a few tried-and-tested methods for how to help prevent headaches and treat them when they do happen. […] One of the simplest and most effective ways to manage and prevent headaches is to stay hydrated. […] Regular physical activity is a great way to manage stress exercise releases endorphins, which are natural painkillers, and also improves mood and reduces tension. […] Adequate sleep is a powerful (and free) tool to use when you’re wondering how to prevent headaches. […] Over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications like TYLENOL Extra Strength Caplets and Extra Strength TYLENOL Rapid Release Gels can be a good step in managing headache pain. […] When used as directed, TYLENOL is safe and effective for most people. But while TYLENOL is a trusted choice for pain relief, it’s important to keep in mind that persistent or severe symptoms may require medical attention.

• #191 Headaches: Causes, types, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/headaches

  Headaches are a common health problem that most people experience at some time. […] Frequent or severe headaches can affect a persons quality of life. Knowing how to recognize the type of headache and its cause can help a person take appropriate action. […] Rest and pain relief medication are the main treatments for headaches. […] Options include: over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; prescription pain relief medications; preventive medication for specific conditions, such as migraine; other treatments for underlying conditions. […] It is crucial for a person to follow their doctors guidance to prevent medication overuse headaches. […] Treating medication overuse headaches involves reducing or stopping the medication. A doctor can help develop a plan to ease off the medication safely.

• #192 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  Headaches are a very common condition that most people will experience many times during their lives. […] While most headaches aren’t dangerous, certain types can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Primary headaches typically aren’t dangerous, but they can be very painful and disrupt your day-to-day life. […] Treatment for headaches depends on the type. […] One of the most crucial aspects of treating primary headaches is figuring out your triggers. […] Not every headache requires medication. A range of treatments is available. Depending on your headache type, frequency and cause, treatment options include: Stress management, Biofeedback, Medications, Treating the underlying medical condition/cause. […] Treatment for secondary headaches involves treating the underlying medical condition causing it.

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