Alergia słoneczna
Etiologia i przyczyny

Alergia słoneczna to grupa schorzeń dermatologicznych manifestujących się świądową wysypką po ekspozycji na promieniowanie UV, z wielopostaciową osutką świetlną (PMLE) stanowiącą około 70% przypadków. Mechanizm patofizjologiczny opiera się na nieprawidłowej reakcji immunologicznej skóry na promieniowanie UVA (odpowiedzialne za 90% przypadków PMLE), które modyfikuje substancje skórne, wywołując odpowiedź układu odpornościowego. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują jasną karnację, płeć żeńską (90% przypadków PMLE), wiek 20-30 lat, klimat umiarkowany z wyraźnymi porami roku oraz predyspozycje genetyczne, zwłaszcza w przypadku świerzbiączki letniej (actinic prurigo). Ponadto, fotowrażliwość może dotyczyć różnych zakresów promieniowania UV i światła widzialnego (300-500 nm), a także być indukowana przez leki (np. tetracykliny, NLPZ, izotretynoinę) i substancje chemiczne stosowane na skórę (oksybenzon, retinoidy, kwas glikolowy). Reakcje fototoksyczne i fotoalergiczne różnią się klinicznie i patomechanicznie, co ma znaczenie diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne.

Etiologia alergii słonecznej

Alergia słoneczna to termin zbiorczy, odnoszący się do kilku powiązanych ze sobą stanów dermatologicznych, które objawiają się świądową wysypką pojawiającą się na skórze po ekspozycji na promieniowanie ultrafioletowe (UV) pochodzące ze słońca lub sztucznych źródeł. Wielopostaciowe osutki świetlne (ang. polymorphous light eruption, PMLE) są najczęstszą formą alergii słonecznej, stanowiącą około 70% wszystkich reakcji skórnych wywołanych promieniowaniem słonecznym1.

Pomimo nazwy „alergia słoneczna”, nie jest to faktycznie alergia na słońce w tradycyjnym znaczeniu tego słowa. Jest to raczej reakcja układu immunologicznego w skórze wywołana przez światło słoneczne, najczęściej powodująca swędzącą, czerwoną wysypkę23.

Mechanizm powstawania alergii słonecznej

Alergie słoneczne są wywoływane przez zmiany zachodzące w skórze po ekspozycji na promieniowanie słoneczne. Dokładny mechanizm nie jest w pełni poznany, ale badania sugerują, że promieniowanie UV modyfikuje pewne substancje w skórze, które układ odpornościowy identyfikuje jako „obce”. W odpowiedzi organizm aktywuje swoje mechanizmy obronne, co powoduje reakcję alergiczną manifestującą się w postaci wysypki, drobnych pęcherzyków lub, rzadziej, innego typu zmian skórnych45.

W przypadku wielopostaciowej osutki świetlnej (PMLE), badania sugerują nieprawidłową reakcję immunologiczną na światło UV. Komórki immunologiczne u osób z PMLE są aktywowane przez promienie słoneczne, co prowadzi do ataku na własną skórę6. Przypuszcza się, że w mechanizmie tym uczestniczą histaminy lub podobne substancje chemiczne uwalniane w komórkach skóry po ekspozycji na promieniowanie UV7.

Czynniki genetyczne

Badania pokazują, że w niektórych przypadkach alergia słoneczna może być dziedziczna. Osoby, które mają krewnych z alergią słoneczną, są bardziej narażone na rozwój tego typu reakcji skórnych8. Jednak dziedziczność nie jest regułą – podczas gdy niektóre formy alergii słonecznej mają wyraźne podłoże genetyczne, inne występują tylko u niektórych osób wrażliwych bez wyraźnych predyspozycji rodzinnych9.

Szczególną formą dziedzicznej alergii słonecznej jest świerzbiączka letnia (actinic prurigo), która występuje głównie u osób o pochodzeniu rdzennoamerykańskim, w tym populacji rdzennej Ameryki Północnej, Południowej i Środkowej1011.

Wielopostaciowa osutka świetlna (PMLE) nie jest bezpośrednio przekazywana w rodzinach, ale około 1 na 5 osób z tym schorzeniem ma krewnych dotkniętych tą przypadłością, co sugeruje pewną predyspozycję genetyczną12.

Rodzaje promieniowania wywołujące alergię słoneczną

Pacjenci mogą być wrażliwi na określony rodzaj światła słonecznego (tj. tylko na UVB, UVA lub światło widzialne) lub na szerszy zakres promieniowania. Najczęstsza fotowrażliwość dotyczy promieniowania UVA13.

W przypadku wielopostaciowej osutki świetlnej (PMLE), głównym czynnikiem wywołującym jest promieniowanie UVA, które odpowiada za 90% przypadków14. Promieniowanie UVA przenika głębiej w warstwy skóry niż UVB, co może tłumaczyć jego dominującą rolę w wywoływaniu reakcji fotouczuleniowych15.

Z kolei porfiria jest głównie wywoływana przez ekspozycję na światło widzialne16. W przypadku pokrzywki słonecznej (solar urticaria), reakcja może być spowodowana przez różne długości fal ultrafioletoych – od UVB do światła widzialnego (długość fali od 300 do 500 nanometrów) i jest zmienna u poszczególnych pacjentów17.

Czynniki ryzyka alergii słonecznej

Kilka czynników zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju alergii słonecznej. Do najważniejszych należą:18

Predyspozycje osobnicze

Osoby o jasnej karnacji są bardziej narażone na rozwój alergii słonecznej19. Wynika to z mniejszej ilości melaniny w skórze, która stanowi naturalną ochronę przed promieniowaniem UV. Również płeć może odgrywać rolę – wielopostaciowa osutka świetlna (PMLE) występuje częściej u młodych kobiet niż u mężczyzn20. Badania wskazują, że kobiety stanowią aż 90% wszystkich przypadków łagodnej postaci alergii słonecznej21.

Wiek również ma znaczenie – PMLE najczęściej dotyka osoby między 20. a 30. rokiem życia22, chociaż może wystąpić w każdym wieku. Istnieją również specyficzne formy alergii słonecznej charakterystyczne dla dzieci, jak np. młodzieńcza wysypka wiosenna, która dotyka głównie uszu dzieci i młodzieży, częściej chłopców niż dziewcząt23.

Czynniki geograficzne i klimatyczne

Alergia słoneczna częściej występuje u osób mieszkających w regionach o wyraźnych porach roku, szczególnie w klimacie północnym24. Badania pokazują, że osoby mieszkające w krajach skandynawskich, Europie Środkowej i Stanach Zjednoczonych są bardziej narażone na rozwój wielopostaciowej osutki świetlnej25.

PMLE występuje często na wiosnę lub wczesnym latem, kiedy ekspozycja na słońce następuje po długim okresie braku kontaktu z promieniowaniem UV26. Jest to związane z tym, że osoby mieszkające w klimacie umiarkowanym spędzają całą zimę bez ekspozycji na słońce, więc gdy nadchodzi cieplejsza pora roku, ekspozycja na słońce staje się intensywna27.

Wyjaśnia to również, dlaczego osoby podróżujące do słonecznych miejsc w okresie zimowym są szczególnie narażone na rozwój reakcji alergicznych na słońce28. Skóra nieprzyzwyczajona do nagłego napływu promieni UV reaguje wzmożoną reakcją immunologiczną.

Wysokość nad poziomem morza również ma znaczenie – osoby mieszkające na dużych wysokościach są bardziej narażone na rozwój alergii słonecznej ze względu na zwiększoną intensywność promieniowania UV29.

Istniejące wcześniej choroby skóry

Osoby z wcześniej istniejącymi schorzeniami skóry są bardziej narażone na rozwój alergii słonecznej30. Zapalenie skóry (dermatitis) i inne schorzenia skórne często poprzedzają rozwój alergii słonecznej31.

Niektóre choroby autoimmunologiczne, takie jak toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (SLE), mogą zwiększać wrażliwość na promieniowanie ultrafioletowe i powodować ciężkie oparzenia słoneczne32. Występowanie łuszczycy, twardziny skórnej czy skrajnie rzadkiej choroby – xeroderma pigmentosum – również może zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia nadwrażliwości na światło słoneczne3334.

Leki i substancje chemiczne jako czynniki wywołujące alergię słoneczną

Leki fotouczulające

Niektóre leki mogą zwiększać wrażliwość skóry na promieniowanie słoneczne i prowadzić do reakcji fotouczuleniowych. Do najczęściej wymienianych należą:35

  • Antybiotyki, szczególnie tetracykliny i sulfonamidy3637
  • Leki przeciwzapalne niesteroidowe (NLPZ)38
  • Leki przeciwhistaminowe39
  • Leki na serce i statyny obniżające poziom cholesterolu40
  • Leki moczopędne, szczególnie hydrochlorotiazyd41
  • Leki przeciwcukrzycowe42
  • Chinolony43
  • Izotretynoina, lek stosowany w leczeniu trądziku44

W przypadku reakcji fotouczuleniowych wywoływanych przez leki, rozróżnia się dwa główne mechanizmy: fototoksyczność i fotoalergię45.

W reakcji fototoksycznej pacjenci odczuwają ból i rozwijają zaczerwienienie, stan zapalny oraz czasami brązowe lub niebiesko-szare przebarwienia w obszarach skóry, które były narażone na działanie światła słonecznego przez krótki okres46.

W przypadku fotoalergii, reakcja alergiczna powoduje zaczerwienienie, łuszczenie się, swędzenie, a czasami pęcherze i plamy przypominające pokrzywkę47.

Substancje chemiczne i kosmetyki

Oprócz leków, niektóre substancje chemiczne stosowane na skórze mogą również wywoływać reakcje alergiczne po ekspozycji na światło słoneczne. Do najczęściej wymienianych należą:

  • Składniki filtrów przeciwsłonecznych, szczególnie oksybenzon (benzofenon-3)4849
  • Zapachy i substancje zapachowe5051
  • Konserwanty stosowane w kosmetykach52
  • Maści z antybiotykami53
  • Składniki aktywne z kosmetyków, takie jak retinoidy, kwas glikolowy czy nadtlenek benzoilu, które usuwają zewnętrzną warstwę skóry, narażając ją na zwiększoną ekspozycję na promienie UV54
  • Rozjaśniacze skóry, takie jak witamina C, które mogą zmniejszać ilość melaniny w skórze, działającej jako naturalna ochrona przed promieniowaniem słonecznym55

Reakcje fotoalergiczne na produkty kosmetyczne są opisywane jako fotoalergiczne zapalenie kontaktowe. Ten typ reakcji zazwyczaj występuje w miejscach, gdzie produkt został nałożony na skórę i wystawiony na działanie światła słonecznego56. U niektórych osób dochodzi do interakcji między składnikiem filtra przeciwsłonecznego a promieniowaniem UV, co prowadzi do reakcji skórnej.

Inne czynniki wpływające na rozwój alergii słonecznej

Flora bakteryjna jelita a alergia słoneczna

Badania sugerują, że zaburzenia równowagi flory bakteryjnej jelita mogą osłabiać układ odpornościowy i zwiększać wrażliwość skóry na promieniowanie UV, co z kolei zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia alergii słonecznej57. Ta zależność wpisuje się w szerszy kontekst wpływu mikrobioty jelitowej na funkcjonowanie układu immunologicznego i reakcje alergiczne.

Stres oksydacyjny

Stres oksydacyjny, spowodowany nadmiarem wolnych rodników w organizmie, prowadzi do zwiększonej wrażliwości skóry na promieniowanie UV i zwiększa ryzyko alergii słonecznej58. Wolne rodniki mogą uszkadzać komórki skóry i zaburzać normalne funkcjonowanie układu odpornościowego, przyczyniając się do nieprawidłowych reakcji na promieniowanie słoneczne.

Nietolerancja histaminy

Osoby z nietolerancją histaminy mogą być bardziej podatne na reakcje alergiczne na światło słoneczne, ponieważ histamina odgrywa rolę w regulacji odpowiedzi immunologicznej59. Histamina jest kluczowym mediatorem zapalnym uwalnianym podczas reakcji alergicznych, a jej podwyższony poziom może nasilać objawy fotowrażliwości.

Zaburzenia metaboliczne

Niektóre zaburzenia metaboliczne mogą zwiększać ryzyko rozwoju alergii słonecznej. Na przykład hemopyrrolaktamuria (HPU) to zaburzenie metaboliczne, w którym witamina B6, cynk i mangan są w zwiększonym stopniu wydalane z moczem. Może to prowadzić do zaburzenia równowagi w skórze i układzie odpornościowym, co zwiększa wrażliwość skóry na światło słoneczne60.

Również niedobór niacyny (witaminy B3) może powodować schorzenie zwane pelagrą, które charakteryzuje się zwiększoną wrażliwością na światło słoneczne61.

Czynniki roślinne

Kontakt z niektórymi roślinami może również wywoływać reakcje fotouczuleniowe. Dotyczy to szczególnie roślin zawierających furanokumaryny, które mogą powodować fototoksyczne zapalenie skóry, znane również jako fytofotodermatitis62. Do takich roślin należą m.in.:

  • Dziki pasternak63
  • Cytrusy, szczególnie limonki6465

Mechanizm działania polega na tym, że gdy sok lub pozostałości tych roślin znajdują się na rękach i dotykamy skóry, miejsca kontaktu stają się bardziej wrażliwe na słońce66.

Wnioski dotyczące etiologii alergii słonecznej

Etiologia alergii słonecznej jest złożona i nie do końca poznana. Obejmuje interakcję między promieniowaniem UV (głównie UVA), czynnikami genetycznymi, środowiskowymi i immunologicznymi. W wielu przypadkach nie można wskazać jednej konkretnej przyczyny – jest to raczej wypadkowa wielu czynników działających równocześnie67.

Alergia słoneczna może być zarówno dziedziczna, jak i nabyta w ciągu życia. Może się pojawić na kilka lat, a następnie całkowicie zniknąć68. U niektórych osób występuje przez całe życie, u innych może być wyzwalana tylko w określonych okolicznościach, np. podczas przyjmowania określonych leków lub po kontakcie z określonymi substancjami chemicznymi.

Zrozumienie różnorodnych czynników przyczyniających się do rozwoju alergii słonecznej jest kluczowe dla skutecznej profilaktyki i leczenia tego schorzenia. Medycyna wciąż poszukuje dokładnych mechanizmów immunologicznych leżących u podstaw tych reakcji, co może przyczynić się do opracowania skuteczniejszych metod leczenia w przyszłości.

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Recognizing and preventing sun allergies – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/recognizing-and-preventing-sun-allergies-202207052772
    No one is truly allergic to the sun, but some people are quite sensitive to different types of sun rays and may develop mild to serious reactions after spending time in the sun. […] There are several types of „sun allergies,” but polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), an autoimmune condition in the skin that occurs after sun exposure, is one of the most common. […] People who have PMLE have immune cells that are triggered by sun rays, which attack their skin, and they develop a skin reaction to the sun’s the ultraviolet (UV) rays. […] PMLE represents 70% of all sun-induced skin eruptions. […] PMLE may be an inherited condition. […] PMLE is more common in young women who live in temperate climates. […] People who live in temperate climates spend all winter out of the sun, so when it becomes warmer the sun exposure is intense.
  • #2 Sun allergy (photosensitivity) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/sun-allergy-photosensitivity.html
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) — This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #3 Sun Allergy (Photosensitivity) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/sun-allergy-photosensitivity-a-to-z
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #4 Sun allergy (photosensitivity) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/sun-allergy-photosensitivity.html
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) — This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #5 Sun Allergy (Photosensitivity) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/sun-allergy-photosensitivity-a-to-z
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #6 Recognizing and preventing sun allergies – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/recognizing-and-preventing-sun-allergies-202207052772
    No one is truly allergic to the sun, but some people are quite sensitive to different types of sun rays and may develop mild to serious reactions after spending time in the sun. […] There are several types of „sun allergies,” but polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), an autoimmune condition in the skin that occurs after sun exposure, is one of the most common. […] People who have PMLE have immune cells that are triggered by sun rays, which attack their skin, and they develop a skin reaction to the sun’s the ultraviolet (UV) rays. […] PMLE represents 70% of all sun-induced skin eruptions. […] PMLE may be an inherited condition. […] PMLE is more common in young women who live in temperate climates. […] People who live in temperate climates spend all winter out of the sun, so when it becomes warmer the sun exposure is intense.
  • #7 Solar Urticaria: Symptoms, Treatment, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-disorders/solar-urticaria
    Solar urticaria, also known as sun allergy, is a rare allergy to sunlight that causes hives to form on skin thats exposed to the sun. […] The cause of solar urticaria is not known. […] The exact cause of solar urticaria is unknown. It occurs when sunlight activates the release of histamine or a similar chemical in your skin cells. The mechanism is described as an antigen-antibody reaction. […] You may have an increased risk for solar urticaria if you: have a family history of the condition, have dermatitis, regularly use perfumes, disinfectants, dyes, or other chemicals that may trigger the condition when exposed to sunlight, use antibiotics or other medications, including sulfa drugs, that may trigger the condition. […] In some cases, particular wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light trigger the allergic reaction. Most people with solar urticaria react to UVA or visible light.
  • #8 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #9 Sun Allergy (Photosensitivity) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/sun-allergy-photosensitivity-a-to-z
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #10 Sun Allergy (Photosensitivity) – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/sun-allergy-photosensitivity-a-to-z
    Despite the name, a „sun allergy” is not truly an allergy to the sun. Instead, it is an immune system reaction in the skin triggered by sunlight, most often causing an itchy red rash. […] Sun allergies are triggered by changes that occur in sun-exposed skin. It is not clear why the body develops this reaction. However, the immune system recognizes some components of the sun-altered skin as „foreign,” and the body activates its immune defenses against them. This produces an allergic reaction that takes the form of a rash, tiny blisters or, rarely, some other type of skin eruption. […] Sun allergies occur only in certain sensitive people, and in some cases, they can be triggered by only a few brief moments of sun exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are inherited. […] A few of the most common types of sun allergy are: Actinic prurigo (hereditary PMLE) This inherited form of PMLE occurs in people of American Indian background, including the American Indian populations of North, South and Central America.
  • #11 Sun Allergy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and More
    https://www.health.com/sun-allergy-7563866
    You can be allergic to the sun. A sun allergy sometimes also called photosensitivity occurs when the skin is hypersensitive to ultraviolet (UV) rays, which the sun naturally emits. […] Genetics, certain medications, and underlying autoimmune conditions can cause sun allergies. […] Sun allergies occur when the skin has a hypersensitive reaction to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) rays such as tanning beds. When you have a sun allergy and spend time in sunlight, your immune system perceives UV rays as a threat. […] The following causes and risk factors can increase your likelihood of developing sun allergy symptoms: […] Research suggests an abnormal immune reaction to UV light causes PMLE. […] What exactly triggers the immune response to sunlight or UV rays with solar urticaria is unknown. […] Certain medications and cosmetics are linked to allergic reactions after exposure to sunlight. […] This is an inherited (genetic) sun allergy that predominantly affects people with indigenous ancestry in North, Central, and South America.
  • #12 Polymorphic light eruption
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/polymorphic-light-eruption/
    Polymorphic light eruption is thought to be caused by UV light altering a substance in the skin, which the immune system reacts to, resulting in the skin becoming inflamed. […] It’s not passed down through families, but about 1 in 5 people with the condition have an affected relative as it’s a fairly common condition. […] It’s not infectious, so there’s no risk of catching polymorphic light eruption from another person.
  • #13 Photosensitivity (sun allergy)
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/photosensitivity
    Photosensitivity is caused by an abnormal reaction to some component of the electromagnetic spectrum of sunlight and a chromophore (reactive compound) within the skin. […] The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from cosmic rays, invisible rays called ultraviolet radiation (UVR), through visible light, to infrared, microwaves and radio waves. UVR has 3 portions. […] Patients can be sensitive to one kind of sunlight (i.e. only to UVB, UVA or visible light) or to a wider range of radiation. The most common photosensitivity is to UVA. […] Porphyria is mainly triggered by exposure to visible light.
  • #14 Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE): Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17888-polymorphous-light-eruption-pmle
    Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is a common skin rash generally caused by exposure to the suns ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes this rash. Its possible that UV radiation alters a compound in your skin and your immune system reacts to the new compound. […] Both ultraviolet and occasionally visible light cause PMLE. Ultraviolet light has two types: UVA and UVB. UVB can damage your skin, but UVA penetrates deeper into your skins layers. UVA causes up to 9 in 10 cases of polymorphous light eruption. […] PMLE often occurs in the spring when sunny weather returns. […] PMLE is a benign (noncancerous) condition. While the rash doesnt increase your risk of skin cancer, exposure to UV light does. The sun-protective measures you take to prevent polymorphous light eruption also lower your risk of skin cancer.
  • #15 Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE): Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17888-polymorphous-light-eruption-pmle
    Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is a common skin rash generally caused by exposure to the suns ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes this rash. Its possible that UV radiation alters a compound in your skin and your immune system reacts to the new compound. […] Both ultraviolet and occasionally visible light cause PMLE. Ultraviolet light has two types: UVA and UVB. UVB can damage your skin, but UVA penetrates deeper into your skins layers. UVA causes up to 9 in 10 cases of polymorphous light eruption. […] PMLE often occurs in the spring when sunny weather returns. […] PMLE is a benign (noncancerous) condition. While the rash doesnt increase your risk of skin cancer, exposure to UV light does. The sun-protective measures you take to prevent polymorphous light eruption also lower your risk of skin cancer.
  • #16 Photosensitivity (sun allergy)
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/photosensitivity
    Photosensitivity is caused by an abnormal reaction to some component of the electromagnetic spectrum of sunlight and a chromophore (reactive compound) within the skin. […] The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from cosmic rays, invisible rays called ultraviolet radiation (UVR), through visible light, to infrared, microwaves and radio waves. UVR has 3 portions. […] Patients can be sensitive to one kind of sunlight (i.e. only to UVB, UVA or visible light) or to a wider range of radiation. The most common photosensitivity is to UVA. […] Porphyria is mainly triggered by exposure to visible light.
  • #17 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/
    Solar urticaria is a chronic acquired photosensitivity disorder. It consists of recurrent episodes of urticaria overlying areas of the skin that are exposed to sunlight. […] Exposure of skin to sunlight causes solar urticaria. The radiation spectrum of action for solar urticaria ranges from ultraviolet B to visible light (wavelength of 300 nanometers to 500 nanometers) and is variable from one patient to another. […] Solar urticaria is thought to be caused by a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
  • #18 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #19 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #20 Recognizing and preventing sun allergies – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/recognizing-and-preventing-sun-allergies-202207052772
    No one is truly allergic to the sun, but some people are quite sensitive to different types of sun rays and may develop mild to serious reactions after spending time in the sun. […] There are several types of „sun allergies,” but polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), an autoimmune condition in the skin that occurs after sun exposure, is one of the most common. […] People who have PMLE have immune cells that are triggered by sun rays, which attack their skin, and they develop a skin reaction to the sun’s the ultraviolet (UV) rays. […] PMLE represents 70% of all sun-induced skin eruptions. […] PMLE may be an inherited condition. […] PMLE is more common in young women who live in temperate climates. […] People who live in temperate climates spend all winter out of the sun, so when it becomes warmer the sun exposure is intense.
  • #21 Sun allergy: causes and solutions | Eau Thermale Avène
    https://www.eau-thermale-avene.ca/en_ca/your-skin/sun/the-benefits-and-damage-of-the-sun-on-the-skin/sun-and-allergies
    While UVB is to blame for tanning and sunburn, UVA is the culprit when it comes to sun allergy. […] Lucite affects about 10% of adults, with significantly more women affected, making up 90% of cases. […] The allergy may occur for a few years and then disappear completely. […] Absolutely: the symptoms of summer lucite are the same as other causes. Summer lucite is not to be confused with a reaction caused by applying a perfume or other photo-toxic product on the skin, or taking photosensitising medication before sun exposure!
  • #22 Are you allergic to the sun? | Ohio State Medical Center
    https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/our-stories/are-you-allergic-to-the-sun
    Sun-allergy_largeWhen you think of environmental allergens, pollen, grass and ragweed probably come to mind. But theres another environmental allergen that affects up to 20 percent of the U.S. population. Its an allergic reaction to the sun called polymorphous light eruption (PMLE). […] What causes sun allergy? […] We dont know what causes PMLE, but we know that people who live in northern climates are at greater risk. […] PMLE can affect anyone, but most commonly its seen in 20- to 30-year-old females and becomes persistent. […] If you have a family history, theres a higher risk of you having it but its not a genetic condition. […] There is no cure for PMLE. […] The next step is a medicine called Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine). […] The other option is something called skin hardening with phototherapy in which you slowly expose rash prone areas of skin to UVB rays in the dermatology office. […] Whats the long-term impact of sun allergy? […] Fortunately, theres no risk of permanent damage other than normal sun damage anyone with or without this condition would have.
  • #23 Sun allergy: causes and solutions | Eau Thermale Avène
    https://www.eau-thermale-avene.ca/en_ca/your-skin/sun/the-benefits-and-damage-of-the-sun-on-the-skin/sun-and-allergies
    Sun allergy (or lucite, as it is medically known) manifests itself as redness: a rash of small, slightly raised red pimples or papules and itchy sensations where your skin has been exposed to the sun. […] There are several forms of sun allergy. […] Polymorphous light eruption is the most common form of sun allergy. […] Polymorphic lucite is less common but more troublesome, in that it affects any exposed area, including the face, and occurs after every exposure, whether at the beginning, middle or end of the summer. […] Sun allergy also affects children. Juvenile spring eruption in particular is a form of sun allergy that affects the ears of children and adolescents, more often boys than girls, and often during a stay in the mountains. […] Finally, solar urticaria is triggered within a few minutes of exposure and disappears spontaneously in the shade after a few minutes or hours, depending on the individual.
  • #24 Ask an expert: Can I become allergic to the sun? | VCH Research Institute
    https://www.vchri.ca/stories/2018/08/12/ask-expert-can-i-become-allergic-sun
    Sun allergy is a common condition that affects up to 10 per cent of the population. Women and people with fair skin are more prone to PLE, which is most prevalent in regions with distinct seasons, such as northern climates. […] An ongoing exposure to intense sunlight allows them to build up a tolerance to UV radiation, which guards against sun allergies. […] In places with low UV radiation in the winter, people with PLE tend to have more severe symptoms in the spring. Their symptoms improve in the summer months as they become more tolerant to UV exposure.
  • #25 Sun Rash: Poisoning, Allergy, Treatment, Causes, Pictures, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/sun-rash
    Doctors have yet to work out exactly what causes sun rash. […] UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources like sunlamps might cause reactions in some people with a sensitivity to this type of light. The resulting immune reaction triggers the rash. […] Some risk factors for certain kinds of sun rash can include: being assigned female at birth, having light skin, living in Northern regions, such as Scandinavia, Central Europe, and the United States, having a family history of sun rash, living in high altitude areas. […] Some people who get sun rash live with a rare photodermatosis called solar urticaria (sun allergy hives).
  • #26 Polymorphous light eruption – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymorphous-light-eruption/symptoms-causes/syc-20355868
    Polymorphous light eruption is a rash caused by sun exposure in people who are sensitive to sunlight. […] The exact cause of polymorphous light eruption isn’t understood. The rash appears in people who have developed sensitivity to sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or other sources, such as tanning beds. This is called photosensitivity. It leads to immune system activity that causes a rash. […] With polymorphous light eruption, sensitivity to sunlight lessens with repeated exposure. Features of polymorphous light eruption are somewhat predictable: An episode is most likely to occur after the first one or two times of sun exposure after a long period of no exposure, such as in spring or early summer.
  • #27 Recognizing and preventing sun allergies – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/recognizing-and-preventing-sun-allergies-202207052772
    No one is truly allergic to the sun, but some people are quite sensitive to different types of sun rays and may develop mild to serious reactions after spending time in the sun. […] There are several types of „sun allergies,” but polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), an autoimmune condition in the skin that occurs after sun exposure, is one of the most common. […] People who have PMLE have immune cells that are triggered by sun rays, which attack their skin, and they develop a skin reaction to the sun’s the ultraviolet (UV) rays. […] PMLE represents 70% of all sun-induced skin eruptions. […] PMLE may be an inherited condition. […] PMLE is more common in young women who live in temperate climates. […] People who live in temperate climates spend all winter out of the sun, so when it becomes warmer the sun exposure is intense.
  • #28 Understanding Sun Allergy – TGH Urgent Care powered by Fast Track
    https://www.fasttrackurgentcare.com/understanding-sun-allergy/
    Prolonged or intense exposure to UV rays, whether from natural sunlight or artificial sources like tanning beds, can increase the risk of sun allergy. In fact, sudden exposure to strong UV rays, especially after being indoors for extended periods, can cause your skin to react negatively. This is often seen when people go on vacation to sunny destinations after spending the winter months indoors. The skin, unaccustomed to the sudden onslaught of UV rays, responds with a heightened immune reaction.
  • #29 Sun Rash: Poisoning, Allergy, Treatment, Causes, Pictures, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/sun-rash
    Doctors have yet to work out exactly what causes sun rash. […] UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources like sunlamps might cause reactions in some people with a sensitivity to this type of light. The resulting immune reaction triggers the rash. […] Some risk factors for certain kinds of sun rash can include: being assigned female at birth, having light skin, living in Northern regions, such as Scandinavia, Central Europe, and the United States, having a family history of sun rash, living in high altitude areas. […] Some people who get sun rash live with a rare photodermatosis called solar urticaria (sun allergy hives).
  • #30 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #31 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #32 What Is Sun Allergy?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/sun-allergy
    Certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, can increase sensitivity to ultraviolet light and cause severe sunburns that may trigger flares of psoriasis and scleroderma. In addition, xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare disease, can increase extreme sensitivity to sunlight. People having dermatitis also have an increased risk of having sun allergy.
  • #33 What Is Sun Allergy?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/sun-allergy
    Certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, can increase sensitivity to ultraviolet light and cause severe sunburns that may trigger flares of psoriasis and scleroderma. In addition, xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare disease, can increase extreme sensitivity to sunlight. People having dermatitis also have an increased risk of having sun allergy.
  • #34 Diseases Related to Abnormal Photosensitivity Responses of the Skin
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/diseases/
    Actinic prurigo is a disorder that produces rashes consisting of tiny itchy red dots (papules). […] Damage done to exposed skin does not seem to be minimized when using sunscreens, including those that have high SPFs. […] An increased sensitivity to sun is very common in cases of Bloom syndrome. […] Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is a photosensitivity disorder in which outbreaks of eczematous rashes develop most often on exposed skin. […] It has been observed that, although the disorder can last all year long, its outbreaks become most severe during the summer months when the body is exposed to the greatest amount of UV radiation. […] Most outbreaks of LE are the result of an irritant that can often be avoided, limiting the formation of new lesions. […] Proper sun protection habits are also essential in minimizing the spread of rashes. […] Solar urticaria is a rare disorder that produces a rapid and abnormal response to UV radiation. […] Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a very rare disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. […] The skin also ages rapidly as a result of this disorder and can become discolored.
  • #35 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #36 Sun Allergy Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Baptist Health
    https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/sun-allergy
    A sun allergy, sometimes called sun rash or sun poisoning, is any one of several related conditions involving an allergic reaction to sunlight exposure. Some forms of sun allergy are rooted in a hypersensitivity of the body’s immune system to sun on the skin. Some have a hereditary aspect to them. […] The primary cause of a sun allergy is, of course, exposure to sunlight. Some forms of the allergy are exacerbated by certain topical applications, such as perfumes, makeup, and even sunscreens. […] Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a sun allergy: Certain medications: Sulfa drug and tetracycline antibiotics are associated with a greater risk of sunburn and other issues related to sunlight exposure. Preexisting skin conditions: Dermatitis and other skin conditions often presage a sun allergy. Relatives with a sun allergy: A family member with a similar allergy increases the possibility of a shared genetic tendency toward this condition. Race: People with lighter skin are more prone to sun allergies.
  • #37 Are You Experiencing Sun Allergy Symptoms?
    https://www.colorescience.com/blogs/blog/sun-allergy-symptoms?srsltid=AfmBOoqgSBlnwm9GRbsttl9ol0AcUyjaVF7VM53WEr2mcQWjWdtvTIuV
    A sun allergy is a term used by the medical community to describe conditions where people experience negative reactions after spending time in the sun. […] What causes sun allergies? […] Some of the most common causes of sun allergies include: […] Some people are simply more prone to sun exposure issues simply because they are born that way. For many people, sun exposure triggers an immune system reaction, which then results in the symptoms described above. […] Taking medications can also lead to an increased likelihood of having sun reactions. Common medications such as antibiotics, diabetes medications, and even some painkillers can cause people to react more severely to sun exposure and skin damage. […] Some common chemical exposures can also amp up skin damage from sun exposure. Lotions, sunscreens, perfumes, body sprays, and similar applications can cause the skin to react differently to extreme sun exposure. […] Genetics play a role in many conditions and illnesses. In many cases, if parents suffer from sun allergies, their children are more likely to have sun sensitivities of their own.
  • #38 Photosensitivity
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/
    Photosensitivity is heightened skin sensitivity or an unusual reaction when your skin is exposed to UV radiation from sunlight or a tanning bed. You can become photosensitive as a result of prescription or over-the-counter medications, a medical condition or genetic disorder, or even by using certain types of skin care products. There are two distinct types of photosensitivity reactions: photoallergic and phototoxic. […] You can become photosensitive from: […] Medications: Some widely used medications, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antihistamines and certain heart medicines and statins for lowering cholesterol, can make you far more sensitive to sunlight than you’d usually be. Sun-sensitizing drugs can also aggravate existing skin conditions. […] Diseases and medical conditions: Certain medical conditions and disorders, including autoimmune diseases like lupus, can make you hypersensitive to UV rays.
  • #39 Photosensitivity
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/
    Photosensitivity is heightened skin sensitivity or an unusual reaction when your skin is exposed to UV radiation from sunlight or a tanning bed. You can become photosensitive as a result of prescription or over-the-counter medications, a medical condition or genetic disorder, or even by using certain types of skin care products. There are two distinct types of photosensitivity reactions: photoallergic and phototoxic. […] You can become photosensitive from: […] Medications: Some widely used medications, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antihistamines and certain heart medicines and statins for lowering cholesterol, can make you far more sensitive to sunlight than you’d usually be. Sun-sensitizing drugs can also aggravate existing skin conditions. […] Diseases and medical conditions: Certain medical conditions and disorders, including autoimmune diseases like lupus, can make you hypersensitive to UV rays.
  • #40 Photosensitivity
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/
    Photosensitivity is heightened skin sensitivity or an unusual reaction when your skin is exposed to UV radiation from sunlight or a tanning bed. You can become photosensitive as a result of prescription or over-the-counter medications, a medical condition or genetic disorder, or even by using certain types of skin care products. There are two distinct types of photosensitivity reactions: photoallergic and phototoxic. […] You can become photosensitive from: […] Medications: Some widely used medications, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antihistamines and certain heart medicines and statins for lowering cholesterol, can make you far more sensitive to sunlight than you’d usually be. Sun-sensitizing drugs can also aggravate existing skin conditions. […] Diseases and medical conditions: Certain medical conditions and disorders, including autoimmune diseases like lupus, can make you hypersensitive to UV rays.
  • #41 Dermatitis. Photosensitivity dermatitis
    https://dermnetnz.org/cme/dermatitis/photosensitivity-dermatitis
    Photosensitivity dermatitis is the name given to an eczematous eruption arising in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation. It is most commonly provoked by exposure to sunlight. The reaction may relate to UVB, UVA and/or visible light. It arises in all skin types. […] Photosensitivity dermatitis has several causes. […] Photosensitivity eruptions due to drugs can cause photosensitivity by toxic and allergic mechanisms. […] The most common drugs implicated in the development of an allergic reaction are: Hydrochlorthiazide, Sulphonylureas, Quinine. […] Chronic photosensitivity dermatitis is a rare disease. […] In some cases it is preceded by contact allergy (especially to plants such as chrysanthemum) or contact photoallergy or photosensitivity reaction to a drug (when it is also called persistent light reaction).
  • #42 What is Sun Allergy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Anadolu Sağlık Merkezi
    https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/health-guide/what-is-sun-allergy-symptoms-causes-treatment
    Sun allergy is a type of allergic reaction that occurs when individuals with sensitive skin are exposed to sunlight for extended periods. […] The exact cause of sun allergies has not been determined. Many scientists suggest that genetic predisposition may lead to sun allergies. Some scientists believe that proteins like histamine may trigger various immune responses when exposed to sunlight. Based on this, it can be said that the cause of sun allergies may vary from person to person. […] The duration of sun exposure, the area of skin exposed to the sun, and the intensity of sunlight are direct factors that can influence the occurrence of sun allergy. […] Certain medications can cause sun sensitivity and lead to allergies. These medications include antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, cardiac medications, diuretics, and diabetes drugs.
  • #43 Sun Allergy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and More
    https://www.health.com/sun-allergy-7563866
    You can be allergic to the sun. A sun allergy sometimes also called photosensitivity occurs when the skin is hypersensitive to ultraviolet (UV) rays, which the sun naturally emits. […] Genetics, certain medications, and underlying autoimmune conditions can cause sun allergies. […] Sun allergies occur when the skin has a hypersensitive reaction to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) rays such as tanning beds. When you have a sun allergy and spend time in sunlight, your immune system perceives UV rays as a threat. […] The following causes and risk factors can increase your likelihood of developing sun allergy symptoms: […] Research suggests an abnormal immune reaction to UV light causes PMLE. […] What exactly triggers the immune response to sunlight or UV rays with solar urticaria is unknown. […] Certain medications and cosmetics are linked to allergic reactions after exposure to sunlight. […] This is an inherited (genetic) sun allergy that predominantly affects people with indigenous ancestry in North, Central, and South America.
  • #44 Can you really be allergic to the sun? | Live Science
    https://www.livescience.com/health/allergies/can-you-really-be-allergic-to-the-sun
    Photoallergic eruption is often caused by synthetic chemicals found in topical cosmetics, including musk fragrances and benzophenones. […] A number of prescription medications, including „certain antibiotics, such as tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; sulfur-based drugs, like hydrochlorothiazide [a diuretic]; and isotretinoin, a medication used to treat acne,” can also cause photoallergic eruption. […] Solar urticaria is another form of sun allergy, although most doctors consider this condition rare. […] It is not known what causes this condition. […] Jaliman emphasized that anyone can develop a sun allergy, even if they have never had an adverse reaction to ultraviolet radiation.
  • #45 Photosensitivity Reactions – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions
    Photosensitivity, sometimes referred to as a sun allergy, is an immune system reaction that is triggered by sunlight. […] People may inherit a tendency to develop these reactions. Certain diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and some porphyrias, also may cause more serious skin reactions to sunlight. […] Over 100 substances, swallowed or applied to the skin, are known to cause sun-induced reactions on the skin. […] In phototoxicity, people have pain and develop redness, inflammation, and sometimes brown or blue-gray discoloration in areas of skin that have been exposed to sunlight for a brief period. […] In photoallergy, an allergic reaction causes redness, scaling, itching, and sometimes blisters and spots that resemble hives. […] A close review of the person’s medical history, skin symptoms, any diseases, drugs taken by mouth, or substances applied to the skin (such as medications or cosmetics) may help a doctor pinpoint the type and cause of the photosensitivity reaction. […] Taking Polypodium leucotomos (a dietary supplement made from certain tropical ferns) or nicotinamide (a form of vitamin B3) by mouth may be helpful in preventing symptoms in people susceptible to photosensitivity caused by sun exposure.
  • #46 Photosensitivity Reactions – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions
    Photosensitivity, sometimes referred to as a sun allergy, is an immune system reaction that is triggered by sunlight. […] People may inherit a tendency to develop these reactions. Certain diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and some porphyrias, also may cause more serious skin reactions to sunlight. […] Over 100 substances, swallowed or applied to the skin, are known to cause sun-induced reactions on the skin. […] In phototoxicity, people have pain and develop redness, inflammation, and sometimes brown or blue-gray discoloration in areas of skin that have been exposed to sunlight for a brief period. […] In photoallergy, an allergic reaction causes redness, scaling, itching, and sometimes blisters and spots that resemble hives. […] A close review of the person’s medical history, skin symptoms, any diseases, drugs taken by mouth, or substances applied to the skin (such as medications or cosmetics) may help a doctor pinpoint the type and cause of the photosensitivity reaction. […] Taking Polypodium leucotomos (a dietary supplement made from certain tropical ferns) or nicotinamide (a form of vitamin B3) by mouth may be helpful in preventing symptoms in people susceptible to photosensitivity caused by sun exposure.
  • #47 Photosensitivity Reactions – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions
    Photosensitivity, sometimes referred to as a sun allergy, is an immune system reaction that is triggered by sunlight. […] People may inherit a tendency to develop these reactions. Certain diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and some porphyrias, also may cause more serious skin reactions to sunlight. […] Over 100 substances, swallowed or applied to the skin, are known to cause sun-induced reactions on the skin. […] In phototoxicity, people have pain and develop redness, inflammation, and sometimes brown or blue-gray discoloration in areas of skin that have been exposed to sunlight for a brief period. […] In photoallergy, an allergic reaction causes redness, scaling, itching, and sometimes blisters and spots that resemble hives. […] A close review of the person’s medical history, skin symptoms, any diseases, drugs taken by mouth, or substances applied to the skin (such as medications or cosmetics) may help a doctor pinpoint the type and cause of the photosensitivity reaction. […] Taking Polypodium leucotomos (a dietary supplement made from certain tropical ferns) or nicotinamide (a form of vitamin B3) by mouth may be helpful in preventing symptoms in people susceptible to photosensitivity caused by sun exposure.
  • #48 Sunscreen allergy: Symptoms, diagnosis, and remedies
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sunscreen-allergy
    Certain sunscreen ingredients can trigger allergic reactions in some people. […] According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (ACAAI), the sunscreen ingredient most likely to trigger an allergic reaction is oxybenzone or benzophenone-3. […] Some people may also be allergic or sensitive to the fragrances and preservatives that manufacturers commonly add to sunscreens. […] People with preexisting conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, are at increased risk of developing a sunscreen allergy. […] The risk is particularly high for those who have sensitive skin or preexisting skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis. […] An older study from 2008 notes that the sunscreen ingredient benzophenone-3 has the potential to cause the severe allergic reaction anaphylaxis. […] However, sunscreen-induced anaphylaxis is rare.
  • #49 Sun rash: What it is, symptoms, causes, and treatments
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sun-rash
    Polymorphous light eruption is an immune-mediated rash that typically appears in the spring or summer. Experts suggest that occurs when a person has a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen expressed after exposure to sunlight or artificial sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] In contrast, a sun rash is a reaction by a persons immune system to: the sun, oral or topical medication, a chemical or plant. […] It can also result from a metabolic or genetic disorder. […] Research suggests hypersensitivity to the sun is the main possible cause.
  • #50 Sun allergy (photosensitivity) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/sun-allergy-photosensitivity.html
    Photoallergic eruption — In this form of sun allergy, a skin reaction is triggered by the effect of sunlight on a chemical that has been applied to the skin (often an ingredient in sunscreen, fragrances, cosmetics or antibiotic ointments) or ingested in a drug (often a prescription medicine). […] Solar urticaria — This form of sun allergy produces hives (large, itchy, red bumps) on sun-exposed skin. It is a rare condition that most often affects young women.
  • #51 Can you really be allergic to the sun? | Live Science
    https://www.livescience.com/health/allergies/can-you-really-be-allergic-to-the-sun
    Photoallergic eruption is often caused by synthetic chemicals found in topical cosmetics, including musk fragrances and benzophenones. […] A number of prescription medications, including „certain antibiotics, such as tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; sulfur-based drugs, like hydrochlorothiazide [a diuretic]; and isotretinoin, a medication used to treat acne,” can also cause photoallergic eruption. […] Solar urticaria is another form of sun allergy, although most doctors consider this condition rare. […] It is not known what causes this condition. […] Jaliman emphasized that anyone can develop a sun allergy, even if they have never had an adverse reaction to ultraviolet radiation.
  • #52 Sun allergy (photosensitivity) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/sun-allergy-photosensitivity.html
    Photoallergic eruption — In this form of sun allergy, a skin reaction is triggered by the effect of sunlight on a chemical that has been applied to the skin (often an ingredient in sunscreen, fragrances, cosmetics or antibiotic ointments) or ingested in a drug (often a prescription medicine). […] Solar urticaria — This form of sun allergy produces hives (large, itchy, red bumps) on sun-exposed skin. It is a rare condition that most often affects young women.
  • #53 Sun allergy (photosensitivity) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/sun-allergy-photosensitivity.html
    Photoallergic eruption — In this form of sun allergy, a skin reaction is triggered by the effect of sunlight on a chemical that has been applied to the skin (often an ingredient in sunscreen, fragrances, cosmetics or antibiotic ointments) or ingested in a drug (often a prescription medicine). […] Solar urticaria — This form of sun allergy produces hives (large, itchy, red bumps) on sun-exposed skin. It is a rare condition that most often affects young women.
  • #54 Photosensitivity
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/
    Skin-care products: Certain ingredients in products you use to make your skin look better, such as retinols, glycolic acid or benzoyl peroxide, remove the outermost layer of skin to fight fine lines or acne. Brighteners like vitamin C may decrease the melanin in your skin, which acts as a natural defense against the sun’s rays. These may cause photosensitivity and increase your chances of damage from UV exposure. […] Photosensitivity reduces your natural defenses and elevates your risk for damage from the sun’s harmful rays. If you have a photosensitivity reaction due to medications or a medical condition, it can also potentially increase your risk of developing skin cancer.
  • #55 Photosensitivity
    https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/photosensitivity/
    Skin-care products: Certain ingredients in products you use to make your skin look better, such as retinols, glycolic acid or benzoyl peroxide, remove the outermost layer of skin to fight fine lines or acne. Brighteners like vitamin C may decrease the melanin in your skin, which acts as a natural defense against the sun’s rays. These may cause photosensitivity and increase your chances of damage from UV exposure. […] Photosensitivity reduces your natural defenses and elevates your risk for damage from the sun’s harmful rays. If you have a photosensitivity reaction due to medications or a medical condition, it can also potentially increase your risk of developing skin cancer.
  • #56 Sunscreen reactions | Cancer Council
    https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/causes-and-prevention/sun-safety/about-sunscreen/sunscreen-reactions
    A rarer type of sunscreen reaction is called photocontact dermatitis. This type of reaction usually occurs where the product has been applied to the body and exposed to sunlight. In some people, there is an interaction between a sunscreen ingredient and UV light which leads to a skin reaction. This is usually a result of an allergy to the active ingredients, but it can also be due to a reaction to the fragrances or preservatives in the product.
  • #57 Sun Allergy: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies | Alpine BioMedical
    https://alpine-biomedical.ch/en/blog/sun-allergy/
    An imbalance in the intestinal flora can weaken the immune system and make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation. This in turn increases the risk of sun allergies. […] Sun allergy is an immune disorder with a variety of causes. These causative factors should be identified before treatment so that long-term improvement can be achieved.
  • #58 Sun Allergy: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies | Alpine BioMedical
    https://alpine-biomedical.ch/en/blog/sun-allergy/
    The possible causes of the immunological imbalance in sun allergies are listed below: […] Genetic predisposition can increase the risk of sun allergies, as certain genes can influence the skins reaction to UV radiation and thus trigger an increased reaction. […] Some medications, including antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics, can trigger phototoxic reactions and increase the risk of sun allergies. […] Individuals with histamine intolerance may be more susceptible to allergic reactions to sunlight because histamine plays a role in regulating the immune response. […] Oxidative stress, caused by an excess of free radicals in the body, leads to increased skin sensitivity to UV radiation and increases the risk of sun allergies. […] HPU (hemopyrrollactamuria) is a metabolic disorder in which vital substances such as vitamin B6, zinc and manganese are increasingly excreted in the urine. This can lead to an imbalance in the skin and the immune system, which can increase skin sensitivity.
  • #59 Sun Allergy: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies | Alpine BioMedical
    https://alpine-biomedical.ch/en/blog/sun-allergy/
    The possible causes of the immunological imbalance in sun allergies are listed below: […] Genetic predisposition can increase the risk of sun allergies, as certain genes can influence the skins reaction to UV radiation and thus trigger an increased reaction. […] Some medications, including antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics, can trigger phototoxic reactions and increase the risk of sun allergies. […] Individuals with histamine intolerance may be more susceptible to allergic reactions to sunlight because histamine plays a role in regulating the immune response. […] Oxidative stress, caused by an excess of free radicals in the body, leads to increased skin sensitivity to UV radiation and increases the risk of sun allergies. […] HPU (hemopyrrollactamuria) is a metabolic disorder in which vital substances such as vitamin B6, zinc and manganese are increasingly excreted in the urine. This can lead to an imbalance in the skin and the immune system, which can increase skin sensitivity.
  • #60 Sun Allergy: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies | Alpine BioMedical
    https://alpine-biomedical.ch/en/blog/sun-allergy/
    The possible causes of the immunological imbalance in sun allergies are listed below: […] Genetic predisposition can increase the risk of sun allergies, as certain genes can influence the skins reaction to UV radiation and thus trigger an increased reaction. […] Some medications, including antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics, can trigger phototoxic reactions and increase the risk of sun allergies. […] Individuals with histamine intolerance may be more susceptible to allergic reactions to sunlight because histamine plays a role in regulating the immune response. […] Oxidative stress, caused by an excess of free radicals in the body, leads to increased skin sensitivity to UV radiation and increases the risk of sun allergies. […] HPU (hemopyrrollactamuria) is a metabolic disorder in which vital substances such as vitamin B6, zinc and manganese are increasingly excreted in the urine. This can lead to an imbalance in the skin and the immune system, which can increase skin sensitivity.
  • #61 Photodermatitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/photodermatitis
    Photodermatitis can have several causes, including: […] Genetic or metabolic factors (inherited diseases or conditions, such as pellagra, caused by lack of niacin and vitamin B-3) […] In reaction to UV rays, certain chemicals and drugs can cause sunburn, an eczema-like reaction, or hives. The reaction may be related to an allergy, or it may be a direct toxic effect from the substance. […] Allergic reactions: […] Pellagra, for example, is caused by a niacin deficiency and leads to photosensitivity.
  • #62
    https://skintypesolutions.com/blogs/skincare/sun-sensitivity?srsltid=AfmBOopemPxiBna2epj4LhvnFCfLIGKNghCR0N65wcIZpSRSOgq-Rk1a
    Photoallergens can be used without any problems on the skin until you go in the sun. […] Once you wear them in the sun, they can cause a skin allergy in susceptible people. […] These medications, when taken by mouth, make you sun sensitive. […] Make sure you avoid sun and wear SPF when you are taking these medications. […] A deficiency of niacin causes a disease pellagra that causes sun sensitivity. […] There are no vitamins that I know of that increase sun sensitivity. […] Polypodium leukotomas and antioxidants will decrease sun sensitivity. […] When you have juice or residue from these foods on your hands and touch your skin, you make your skin more sun sensitive in the areas you touch. […] This is very common and is called phytophotodermatitis or „rash that occurs when plants touch the skin and skin is exposed to sun”.
  • #63 Sun allergy | Altru Health System
    https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/sun-allergy
    Sun allergy is a broad term. It describes several conditions that cause an itchy rash to form on the skin after being in sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Polymorphous light eruption is the most common form of sun allergy. […] Some people have a hereditary type of sun allergy. Others develop symptoms only when triggered by another factor such as taking medication or touching certain plants. Other types of sun-related reactions occur for reasons that are unclear. […] Causes of sun allergy include immune system reactions to sunlight, certain medications and chemicals that make the skin more sensitive to the sun. It isn’t clear why some people have a sun allergy and others don’t. Inherited traits may play a role.
  • #64 Sun allergy | Altru Health System
    https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/sun-allergy
    Sun allergy is a broad term. It describes several conditions that cause an itchy rash to form on the skin after being in sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Polymorphous light eruption is the most common form of sun allergy. […] Some people have a hereditary type of sun allergy. Others develop symptoms only when triggered by another factor such as taking medication or touching certain plants. Other types of sun-related reactions occur for reasons that are unclear. […] Causes of sun allergy include immune system reactions to sunlight, certain medications and chemicals that make the skin more sensitive to the sun. It isn’t clear why some people have a sun allergy and others don’t. Inherited traits may play a role.
  • #65
    https://skintypesolutions.com/blogs/skincare/sun-sensitivity?srsltid=AfmBOopemPxiBna2epj4LhvnFCfLIGKNghCR0N65wcIZpSRSOgq-Rk1a
    Photoallergens can be used without any problems on the skin until you go in the sun. […] Once you wear them in the sun, they can cause a skin allergy in susceptible people. […] These medications, when taken by mouth, make you sun sensitive. […] Make sure you avoid sun and wear SPF when you are taking these medications. […] A deficiency of niacin causes a disease pellagra that causes sun sensitivity. […] There are no vitamins that I know of that increase sun sensitivity. […] Polypodium leukotomas and antioxidants will decrease sun sensitivity. […] When you have juice or residue from these foods on your hands and touch your skin, you make your skin more sun sensitive in the areas you touch. […] This is very common and is called phytophotodermatitis or „rash that occurs when plants touch the skin and skin is exposed to sun”.
  • #66
    https://skintypesolutions.com/blogs/skincare/sun-sensitivity?srsltid=AfmBOopemPxiBna2epj4LhvnFCfLIGKNghCR0N65wcIZpSRSOgq-Rk1a
    Photoallergens can be used without any problems on the skin until you go in the sun. […] Once you wear them in the sun, they can cause a skin allergy in susceptible people. […] These medications, when taken by mouth, make you sun sensitive. […] Make sure you avoid sun and wear SPF when you are taking these medications. […] A deficiency of niacin causes a disease pellagra that causes sun sensitivity. […] There are no vitamins that I know of that increase sun sensitivity. […] Polypodium leukotomas and antioxidants will decrease sun sensitivity. […] When you have juice or residue from these foods on your hands and touch your skin, you make your skin more sun sensitive in the areas you touch. […] This is very common and is called phytophotodermatitis or „rash that occurs when plants touch the skin and skin is exposed to sun”.
  • #67 Sun Allergy: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies | Alpine BioMedical
    https://alpine-biomedical.ch/en/blog/sun-allergy/
    An imbalance in the intestinal flora can weaken the immune system and make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation. This in turn increases the risk of sun allergies. […] Sun allergy is an immune disorder with a variety of causes. These causative factors should be identified before treatment so that long-term improvement can be achieved.
  • #68 Sun allergy: causes and solutions | Eau Thermale Avène
    https://www.eau-thermale-avene.ca/en_ca/your-skin/sun/the-benefits-and-damage-of-the-sun-on-the-skin/sun-and-allergies
    While UVB is to blame for tanning and sunburn, UVA is the culprit when it comes to sun allergy. […] Lucite affects about 10% of adults, with significantly more women affected, making up 90% of cases. […] The allergy may occur for a few years and then disappear completely. […] Absolutely: the symptoms of summer lucite are the same as other causes. Summer lucite is not to be confused with a reaction caused by applying a perfume or other photo-toxic product on the skin, or taking photosensitising medication before sun exposure!