Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Polymorphous light eruption – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymorphous-light-eruption/print

  Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common idiopathic photodermatosis; it is sometimes called „sun poisoning” or „sun allergy.” PMLE usually presents as a pruritic rash in sun-exposed areas hours to days after ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and persists for several days before subsiding. […] PMLE occurs more frequently in temperate areas. Several studies have indicated that the prevalence of PMLE is directly related to latitude, ranging from approximately 1 percent in China to over 20 percent in some northern European countries. However, within Europe, a latitude gradient has not been shown to occur.

• #1 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #1 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  Solar urticaria is a chronic inducible urticaria also classified as an idiopathic dermatosis. The objective of this paper is to define the phenotypic characteristics of solar urticaria and to evaluate its incidence. […] This was a retrospective multicenter study in which data were gathered on the epidemiology and clinical, photobiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of solar urticaria. […] A total of 224 patients (141 women and 83 men) were included from 9 photobiology units. […] The mean age of the patients was 37.9 years (range, 3-73 years). […] A history of atopy was detected in 26.7%, and the most common presentation was allergic rhinitis (16.5%). […] Clinical signs were limited to sun-exposed areas in 75.9% of patients. […] The light spectrum most commonly implicated was visible light only (31.7%), and in 21% of cases it was only possible to trigger solar urticaria with natural light.

• #1 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #1 Sun exposure and the epidemiology of melanoma and melanocytic nevi (Moles)

  https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1633/

  Epidemiological studies suggest that sun exposure is a common etiologic factor for both melanocytic nevi (benign tumors of the pigment producing cells in the skin; better known as moles) and melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] Since then, more than 30 case-control studies have examined the role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma (Elwood and Gallagher 1994) resulting in substantial evidence implicating sunlight as the principal environmental cause of melanoma in white-skinned populations (IARC 1992). […] Numerous case-control studies have shown that the number of melanocytic nevi is the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] However, there are many epidemiologic observations linking solar UVR to the development of acquired melanocytic nevi.

• #1 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  The treatments most widely used by photobiology experts were oral antihistamines (65.46%), followed by different forms of phototherapy (34%). […] Complete resolution was observed most often in patients with solar urticaria triggered exclusively by visible or natural light, with statistically significant differences with respect to other wavelengths (P.05). […] No increase in the annual incidence of solar urticaria was observed. […] We have presented the largest series of solar urticaria published to date. […] The epidemiological, clinical, and photobiologic findings confirm previously reported data, although there was a particularly high rate of negative phototests in our series. […] Reactivity exclusively to visible or natural light was associated with a higher probability of resolution. […] No increasing trend was observed in the annual incidence.

• #1 Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum/

  Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare disorder; it is estimated to affect about 1 in 1 million people in the United States and Europe. The condition is more common in Japan, North Africa, and the Middle East. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum are 10,000 times more likely to develop non-melanoma skin cancer and up to 2,000 times more likely to develop melanoma skin cancer compared to individuals without this condition. […] Without protection from the sun and other sources of UVR, most people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop multiple skin cancers during their lifetime. […] Studies suggest that people with xeroderma pigmentosum may also have an increased risk of some internal cancers, including brain tumors, thyroid cancer, and blood cancers. […] The major features of xeroderma pigmentosum result from a buildup of unrepaired DNA damage. […] Researchers suspect that other factors damage DNA in nerve cells. It is unclear why some people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop neurological abnormalities and others do not.

• #2 Ask an expert: Can I become allergic to the sun? | VCH Research Institute

  https://www.vchri.ca/stories/2018/08/12/ask-expert-can-i-become-allergic-sun

  Yes, people can develop an allergic reaction to the sun called polymorphic light eruption (PLE). This causes a delayed skin reaction after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun. […] Sun allergy is a common condition that affects up to 10 per cent of the population. Women and people with fair skin are more prone to PLE, which is most prevalent in regions with distinct seasons, such as northern climates. […] The best defense against PLE is to block as much sunlight from reaching the skin’s surface as possible to prevent the return of symptoms.

• #2 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #2 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #2 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  Solar urticaria is a chronic inducible urticaria also classified as an idiopathic dermatosis. The objective of this paper is to define the phenotypic characteristics of solar urticaria and to evaluate its incidence. […] This was a retrospective multicenter study in which data were gathered on the epidemiology and clinical, photobiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of solar urticaria. […] A total of 224 patients (141 women and 83 men) were included from 9 photobiology units. […] The mean age of the patients was 37.9 years (range, 3-73 years). […] A history of atopy was detected in 26.7%, and the most common presentation was allergic rhinitis (16.5%). […] Clinical signs were limited to sun-exposed areas in 75.9% of patients. […] The light spectrum most commonly implicated was visible light only (31.7%), and in 21% of cases it was only possible to trigger solar urticaria with natural light.

• #2 Sun exposure and the epidemiology of melanoma and melanocytic nevi (Moles)

  https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1633/

  Epidemiological studies suggest that sun exposure is a common etiologic factor for both melanocytic nevi (benign tumors of the pigment producing cells in the skin; better known as moles) and melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] Since then, more than 30 case-control studies have examined the role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma (Elwood and Gallagher 1994) resulting in substantial evidence implicating sunlight as the principal environmental cause of melanoma in white-skinned populations (IARC 1992). […] Numerous case-control studies have shown that the number of melanocytic nevi is the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] However, there are many epidemiologic observations linking solar UVR to the development of acquired melanocytic nevi.

• #2 Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum/

  Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare disorder; it is estimated to affect about 1 in 1 million people in the United States and Europe. The condition is more common in Japan, North Africa, and the Middle East. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum are 10,000 times more likely to develop non-melanoma skin cancer and up to 2,000 times more likely to develop melanoma skin cancer compared to individuals without this condition. […] Without protection from the sun and other sources of UVR, most people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop multiple skin cancers during their lifetime. […] Studies suggest that people with xeroderma pigmentosum may also have an increased risk of some internal cancers, including brain tumors, thyroid cancer, and blood cancers. […] The major features of xeroderma pigmentosum result from a buildup of unrepaired DNA damage. […] Researchers suspect that other factors damage DNA in nerve cells. It is unclear why some people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop neurological abnormalities and others do not.

• #2 Polymorphous light eruption – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymorphous-light-eruption/print

  Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common idiopathic photodermatosis; it is sometimes called „sun poisoning” or „sun allergy.” PMLE usually presents as a pruritic rash in sun-exposed areas hours to days after ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and persists for several days before subsiding. […] PMLE occurs more frequently in temperate areas. Several studies have indicated that the prevalence of PMLE is directly related to latitude, ranging from approximately 1 percent in China to over 20 percent in some northern European countries. However, within Europe, a latitude gradient has not been shown to occur.

• #3 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #3 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. […] Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] To put that into a better perspective, since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #3 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #3 Sun exposure and the epidemiology of melanoma and melanocytic nevi (Moles)

  https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1633/

  Epidemiological studies suggest that sun exposure is a common etiologic factor for both melanocytic nevi (benign tumors of the pigment producing cells in the skin; better known as moles) and melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] Since then, more than 30 case-control studies have examined the role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma (Elwood and Gallagher 1994) resulting in substantial evidence implicating sunlight as the principal environmental cause of melanoma in white-skinned populations (IARC 1992). […] Numerous case-control studies have shown that the number of melanocytic nevi is the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] However, there are many epidemiologic observations linking solar UVR to the development of acquired melanocytic nevi.

• #3 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  Solar urticaria is a chronic inducible urticaria also classified as an idiopathic dermatosis. The objective of this paper is to define the phenotypic characteristics of solar urticaria and to evaluate its incidence. […] This was a retrospective multicenter study in which data were gathered on the epidemiology and clinical, photobiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of solar urticaria. […] A total of 224 patients (141 women and 83 men) were included from 9 photobiology units. […] The mean age of the patients was 37.9 years (range, 3-73 years). […] A history of atopy was detected in 26.7%, and the most common presentation was allergic rhinitis (16.5%). […] Clinical signs were limited to sun-exposed areas in 75.9% of patients. […] The light spectrum most commonly implicated was visible light only (31.7%), and in 21% of cases it was only possible to trigger solar urticaria with natural light.

• #3 Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum/

  Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare disorder; it is estimated to affect about 1 in 1 million people in the United States and Europe. The condition is more common in Japan, North Africa, and the Middle East. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum are 10,000 times more likely to develop non-melanoma skin cancer and up to 2,000 times more likely to develop melanoma skin cancer compared to individuals without this condition. […] Without protection from the sun and other sources of UVR, most people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop multiple skin cancers during their lifetime. […] Studies suggest that people with xeroderma pigmentosum may also have an increased risk of some internal cancers, including brain tumors, thyroid cancer, and blood cancers. […] The major features of xeroderma pigmentosum result from a buildup of unrepaired DNA damage. […] Researchers suspect that other factors damage DNA in nerve cells. It is unclear why some people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop neurological abnormalities and others do not.

• #4 Photodermatitis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116454/all/Photodermatitis

  PLE usually occurs after the first intense exposure to the sun in the spring or summer. […] May be as high as 20% in some areas.

• #4 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #4 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #4 Ask an expert: Can I become allergic to the sun? | VCH Research Institute

  https://www.vchri.ca/stories/2018/08/12/ask-expert-can-i-become-allergic-sun

  Yes, people can develop an allergic reaction to the sun called polymorphic light eruption (PLE). This causes a delayed skin reaction after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun. […] Sun allergy is a common condition that affects up to 10 per cent of the population. Women and people with fair skin are more prone to PLE, which is most prevalent in regions with distinct seasons, such as northern climates. […] The best defense against PLE is to block as much sunlight from reaching the skin’s surface as possible to prevent the return of symptoms.

• #4 Sun exposure and the epidemiology of melanoma and melanocytic nevi (Moles)

  https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1633/

  Epidemiological studies suggest that sun exposure is a common etiologic factor for both melanocytic nevi (benign tumors of the pigment producing cells in the skin; better known as moles) and melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] Since then, more than 30 case-control studies have examined the role of sun exposure in the development of melanoma (Elwood and Gallagher 1994) resulting in substantial evidence implicating sunlight as the principal environmental cause of melanoma in white-skinned populations (IARC 1992). […] Numerous case-control studies have shown that the number of melanocytic nevi is the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma (Armstrong and English 1992). […] However, there are many epidemiologic observations linking solar UVR to the development of acquired melanocytic nevi.

• #4 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  Solar urticaria is a chronic inducible urticaria also classified as an idiopathic dermatosis. The objective of this paper is to define the phenotypic characteristics of solar urticaria and to evaluate its incidence. […] This was a retrospective multicenter study in which data were gathered on the epidemiology and clinical, photobiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of solar urticaria. […] A total of 224 patients (141 women and 83 men) were included from 9 photobiology units. […] The mean age of the patients was 37.9 years (range, 3-73 years). […] A history of atopy was detected in 26.7%, and the most common presentation was allergic rhinitis (16.5%). […] Clinical signs were limited to sun-exposed areas in 75.9% of patients. […] The light spectrum most commonly implicated was visible light only (31.7%), and in 21% of cases it was only possible to trigger solar urticaria with natural light.

• #4 Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum/

  Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare disorder; it is estimated to affect about 1 in 1 million people in the United States and Europe. The condition is more common in Japan, North Africa, and the Middle East. […] People with xeroderma pigmentosum are 10,000 times more likely to develop non-melanoma skin cancer and up to 2,000 times more likely to develop melanoma skin cancer compared to individuals without this condition. […] Without protection from the sun and other sources of UVR, most people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop multiple skin cancers during their lifetime. […] Studies suggest that people with xeroderma pigmentosum may also have an increased risk of some internal cancers, including brain tumors, thyroid cancer, and blood cancers. […] The major features of xeroderma pigmentosum result from a buildup of unrepaired DNA damage. […] Researchers suspect that other factors damage DNA in nerve cells. It is unclear why some people with xeroderma pigmentosum develop neurological abnormalities and others do not.

• #5 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #5 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #5 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #5 Ask an expert: Can I become allergic to the sun? | VCH Research Institute

  https://www.vchri.ca/stories/2018/08/12/ask-expert-can-i-become-allergic-sun

  Yes, people can develop an allergic reaction to the sun called polymorphic light eruption (PLE). This causes a delayed skin reaction after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun. […] Sun allergy is a common condition that affects up to 10 per cent of the population. Women and people with fair skin are more prone to PLE, which is most prevalent in regions with distinct seasons, such as northern climates. […] The best defense against PLE is to block as much sunlight from reaching the skin’s surface as possible to prevent the return of symptoms.

• #5 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  The treatments most widely used by photobiology experts were oral antihistamines (65.46%), followed by different forms of phototherapy (34%). […] Complete resolution was observed most often in patients with solar urticaria triggered exclusively by visible or natural light, with statistically significant differences with respect to other wavelengths (P.05). […] No increase in the annual incidence of solar urticaria was observed. […] We have presented the largest series of solar urticaria published to date. […] The epidemiological, clinical, and photobiologic findings confirm previously reported data, although there was a particularly high rate of negative phototests in our series. […] Reactivity exclusively to visible or natural light was associated with a higher probability of resolution. […] No increasing trend was observed in the annual incidence.

• #6 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #6 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #6 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #7 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #7 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #7 Ask an expert: Can I become allergic to the sun? | VCH Research Institute

  https://www.vchri.ca/stories/2018/08/12/ask-expert-can-i-become-allergic-sun

  Yes, people can develop an allergic reaction to the sun called polymorphic light eruption (PLE). This causes a delayed skin reaction after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun. […] Sun allergy is a common condition that affects up to 10 per cent of the population. Women and people with fair skin are more prone to PLE, which is most prevalent in regions with distinct seasons, such as northern climates. […] The best defense against PLE is to block as much sunlight from reaching the skin’s surface as possible to prevent the return of symptoms.

• #8 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #8 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. […] Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] To put that into a better perspective, since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #8 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  The treatments most widely used by photobiology experts were oral antihistamines (65.46%), followed by different forms of phototherapy (34%). […] Complete resolution was observed most often in patients with solar urticaria triggered exclusively by visible or natural light, with statistically significant differences with respect to other wavelengths (P.05). […] No increase in the annual incidence of solar urticaria was observed. […] We have presented the largest series of solar urticaria published to date. […] The epidemiological, clinical, and photobiologic findings confirm previously reported data, although there was a particularly high rate of negative phototests in our series. […] Reactivity exclusively to visible or natural light was associated with a higher probability of resolution. […] No increasing trend was observed in the annual incidence.

• #9 Polymorphous light eruption – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymorphous-light-eruption/print

  Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common idiopathic photodermatosis; it is sometimes called „sun poisoning” or „sun allergy.” PMLE usually presents as a pruritic rash in sun-exposed areas hours to days after ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and persists for several days before subsiding. […] PMLE occurs more frequently in temperate areas. Several studies have indicated that the prevalence of PMLE is directly related to latitude, ranging from approximately 1 percent in China to over 20 percent in some northern European countries. However, within Europe, a latitude gradient has not been shown to occur.

• #9 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. […] Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] To put that into a better perspective, since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #9 Photosensitivity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431072/

  Photosensitivity may be observed in both males and females at all ages and in all ethnic groups. Different types of photosensitivity may be prevalent at different times of life. Genetic and environmental factors intervene in the occurrence of photosensitivity.

• #10 Photodermatitis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116454/all/Photodermatitis

  PLE usually occurs after the first intense exposure to the sun in the spring or summer. […] May be as high as 20% in some areas.

• #10 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] Since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #10 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #11 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. […] Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] To put that into a better perspective, since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #11 Polymorphous Light Eruption: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119686-overview

  PMLE affects about 10-20% of the population in the United States and Western Europe. […] Given that many patients do not seek medical attention, this figure is likely to be an underestimate. […] A systematic review of population-based studies in the English literature found that the prevalence of PMLE ranged from a low of 0.65% (in China) to a high or 21.4% (in Ireland). […] PMLE usually has its onset in the first three decades of life, though onset may also occur during childhood and late adulthood. […] PMLE has been reported to affect females two to three times more often than males; however, these figures may be skewed because females are more likely to seek medical attention than males. […] PMLE affects all racial skin types. […] PMLE has been reported to be significantly more common in light-skinned individuals than in dark-skinned individuals.

• #12 Solar urticaria – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_urticaria

  In the United States, only about 4% of patients with photosensitive disorders are reported to have been diagnosed with solar urticaria. Internationally, the number is slightly larger at 5.3%. […] Solar urticaria accounts for less than one percent of the many documented urticaria cases. […] Since its first documented case in Japan in 1916, over one hundred other instances of the disease have been reported.

• #13 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  The treatments most widely used by photobiology experts were oral antihistamines (65.46%), followed by different forms of phototherapy (34%). […] Complete resolution was observed most often in patients with solar urticaria triggered exclusively by visible or natural light, with statistically significant differences with respect to other wavelengths (P.05). […] No increase in the annual incidence of solar urticaria was observed. […] We have presented the largest series of solar urticaria published to date. […] The epidemiological, clinical, and photobiologic findings confirm previously reported data, although there was a particularly high rate of negative phototests in our series. […] Reactivity exclusively to visible or natural light was associated with a higher probability of resolution. […] No increasing trend was observed in the annual incidence.

• #14 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #15 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #16 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #17 Solar Urticaria: Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes in a Spanish Series of 224 Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-solar-urticaria-epidemiology-clinical-phenotypes-articulo-S1578219016303304

  Solar urticaria is a chronic inducible urticaria also classified as an idiopathic dermatosis. The objective of this paper is to define the phenotypic characteristics of solar urticaria and to evaluate its incidence. […] This was a retrospective multicenter study in which data were gathered on the epidemiology and clinical, photobiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of solar urticaria. […] A total of 224 patients (141 women and 83 men) were included from 9 photobiology units. […] The mean age of the patients was 37.9 years (range, 3-73 years). […] A history of atopy was detected in 26.7%, and the most common presentation was allergic rhinitis (16.5%). […] Clinical signs were limited to sun-exposed areas in 75.9% of patients. […] The light spectrum most commonly implicated was visible light only (31.7%), and in 21% of cases it was only possible to trigger solar urticaria with natural light.

• #18 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #19 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #20 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #21 Solar Urticaria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441986/

  Solar urticaria is an uncommon type of urticaria. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of all photodermatoses. The disease usually begins in young adulthood (median age 35 years), but cases of onset in neonates or elderly persons have been reported. There is a female predominance but no ethnic difference. In the largest series of patients, a history of atopy is noticed in less than 30% of cases. The association of solar urticaria with other types of chronic urticaria may be seen in up to 16% of patients.[6][7] […] Solar urticaria is an enigmatic disorder that is not well understood. While the diagnosis is simple, its management is difficult. The condition is often encountered by the primary care provider, nurse practitioner, dermatologist, and internist. However, because the condition can be difficult to distinguish from other itching disorders, a referral to a dermatologist is recommended. […] Overall, the prognosis for patients with severe urticaria is poor. Many patients are restricted indoors and lead a poor quality of life.

• #22 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #23 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

• #24 Solar Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-overview

  Solar urticaria accounts for only 4% of patients in the United States with photosensitive disorders and, worldwide, for 0.5% of all urticaria cases and 7% of photodermatoses. […] The disorder has been reported in all skin types and ethnic groups, worldwide, with a slight female predilection. Regarding age, the disease has a wide range of onset (10-70 years). Typical onset is 20-40 years. […] The mean age of onset for solar urticaria is 35 years, but it has been reported to occur in infancy. […] Solar urticaria is associated with other types of chronic urticaria in up to 16% of patients.

• #25 What Is Solar Urticaria?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/solar-urticaria

  Solar urticaria is rare and can occur in people of any race. Only 650 cases of solar urticaria have been reported worldwide, although it is more commonly observed in people with white skin. It accounts for approximately 7 % of all photodermatoses and 0.5 % of all urticaria cases. The condition is usually present in a person’s mid-thirties. However, some rare cases in neonates and early childhood have also been reported. It has a female predominance. In about 16 % of the patients, solar urticaria was associated with other skin conditions like chronic allergies. […] Solar urticaria is considered to be caused by hypersensitivity type-1 reactions. In case of severe attacks, it may lead to episodes of syncope, bronchospasm, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.

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