Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The pathophysiology of jet lag – ProQuest

  https://www.proquest.com/docview/1027134860/20CB7D54A81A45E3PQ/3

  Jet Lag Disorder (JLD) is a recognized circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness (and sometimes general malaise and somatic symptoms) associated with transmeridian jet travel. […] It is a consequence of circadian misalignment that occurs after crossing time zones too rapidly for the circadian system to keep pace. […] The thesis of this review is that a rational treatment approach for jet lag can be grounded in an understanding of the biology of the human circadian timekeeping system. […] An overview of circadian rhythm physiology is presented with special emphasis on the role of light exposure and melatonin secretion in the regulation of circadian timing. […] Both timed light exposure (or avoidance) and exogenous melatonin administration have been recruited as treatment modalities to accelerate circadian realignment, based on an understanding of their role in circadian physiology. […] In addition to circadian misalignment, other contributing causes to jet lag are considered including travel-related sleep deprivation and fatigue.

• #2 The pathophysiology of jet lag – ProQuest

  https://www.proquest.com/docview/1027134860/20CB7D54A81A45E3PQ/3

  Jet Lag Disorder (JLD) is a recognized circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness (and sometimes general malaise and somatic symptoms) associated with transmeridian jet travel. […] It is a consequence of circadian misalignment that occurs after crossing time zones too rapidly for the circadian system to keep pace. […] The thesis of this review is that a rational treatment approach for jet lag can be grounded in an understanding of the biology of the human circadian timekeeping system. […] An overview of circadian rhythm physiology is presented with special emphasis on the role of light exposure and melatonin secretion in the regulation of circadian timing. […] Both timed light exposure (or avoidance) and exogenous melatonin administration have been recruited as treatment modalities to accelerate circadian realignment, based on an understanding of their role in circadian physiology. […] In addition to circadian misalignment, other contributing causes to jet lag are considered including travel-related sleep deprivation and fatigue.

• #3 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Jet lag disorder occurs due to a misalignment of an individuals endogenous circadian timing with the external clock time (destinations local time zone). After rapid travel, typically two or more time zones, the endogenous circadian system initially remains aligned to the environmental time cues of the home time zone and only slowly resets to the new environmental time schedule. […] The severity and duration of these symptoms is dependent on many factors: the number of the time zones traveled, the direction of travel (east or west), departure and arrival times, the ability to sleep while traveling, exposure to local time cues, and individual differences in phase tolerance. […] Flight-related stress and fatigue, in addition to sleep deprivation, contribute to the clinical picture in the first day or two on arrival to the new time zone.

• #4 Jet lag – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/jet-lag/print

  Air travel allows individuals to traverse time zones faster than the internal clock, or circadian rhythm, can adjust. This results in desynchrony between the external light-dark cycle and the endogenous circadian rhythm. Jet lag ensues, which manifests as impaired alertness during the desired wake time and/or difficulty sleeping during the allotted time for sleep at the destination. […] Circadian rhythms are the near 24-hour endogenous processes that allow an organism to react in an appropriate manner to environmental light-dark changes caused by the earth’s rotation every 24 hours. One of the most obvious outputs of the circadian timing system is the sleep-wake cycle, which typically aligns to the light-dark cycle. […] The circadian rhythm of sleep and wake is paralleled by the secretion of melatonin and oscillation of core body temperature (CBT):

• #5 Jet lag – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/jet-lag

  Jet lag ensues, which manifests as impaired alertness during the desired wake time and/or difficulty sleeping during the allotted time for sleep at the destination. […] Circadian rhythms are the near 24-hour endogenous processes that allow an organism to react in an appropriate manner to environmental light-dark changes caused by the earth’s rotation every 24 hours. One of the most obvious outputs of the circadian timing system is the sleep-wake cycle, which typically aligns to the light-dark cycle. […] The circadian rhythm of sleep and wake is paralleled by the secretion of melatonin and oscillation of core body temperature (CBT):

• #6 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #7 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #8 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #9 Jet lag disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027

  Jet lag occurs because your body’s internal clock is synced to your original time zone. It hasn’t changed to the time zone of where you’ve traveled. The more time zones crossed, the more likely you are to experience jet lag. […] Jet lag can occur anytime you cross two or more time zones. Crossing multiple time zones puts your internal clock out of sync with the time in your new locale. Your internal clock, also called circadian rhythms, regulates your sleep-wake cycle. […] A key influence on circadian rhythms is sunlight. Light affects the regulation of melatonin, a hormone that helps cells throughout the body work together. […] Some research shows that changes in cabin pressure and high altitudes associated with air travel may contribute to some symptoms of jet lag, regardless of travel across time zones.

• #10 Jet lag – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

  Double desynchronisation is the misalignment between: The body’s internal clocks and the external environment (e.g., local time at your travel destination) and the body’s central and peripheral circadian clocks (i.e., misalignment within different parts of your own body). […] The implication of independent internal clocks may explain some of the symptoms of jet lag. People who travel across several time zones can, within a few days, adapt their master clock SCN with light from the environment earlier. However, their skeletal muscles, liver, lungs, and other organs may adapt at different rates (peripheral circadian clocks may lag behind). This internal biological de-synchronisation is exacerbated as the body is not in sync with the environment a double desynchronisation, which has implications for health and mood.

• #11 Jet lag – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

  Double desynchronisation is the misalignment between: The body’s internal clocks and the external environment (e.g., local time at your travel destination) and the body’s central and peripheral circadian clocks (i.e., misalignment within different parts of your own body). […] The implication of independent internal clocks may explain some of the symptoms of jet lag. People who travel across several time zones can, within a few days, adapt their master clock SCN with light from the environment earlier. However, their skeletal muscles, liver, lungs, and other organs may adapt at different rates (peripheral circadian clocks may lag behind). This internal biological de-synchronisation is exacerbated as the body is not in sync with the environment a double desynchronisation, which has implications for health and mood.

• #12 Jet lag – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

  Double desynchronisation is the misalignment between: The body’s internal clocks and the external environment (e.g., local time at your travel destination) and the body’s central and peripheral circadian clocks (i.e., misalignment within different parts of your own body). […] The implication of independent internal clocks may explain some of the symptoms of jet lag. People who travel across several time zones can, within a few days, adapt their master clock SCN with light from the environment earlier. However, their skeletal muscles, liver, lungs, and other organs may adapt at different rates (peripheral circadian clocks may lag behind). This internal biological de-synchronisation is exacerbated as the body is not in sync with the environment a double desynchronisation, which has implications for health and mood.

• #13 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #14 Jet lag syndrome: circadian organization, pathophysiology, and managem | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/jet-lag-syndrome-circadian-organization-pathophysiology-and-management-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  The circadian system regulates the cyclical occurrence of wakefulness and sleep through a series of oscillatory networks that comprise two different theoretical processes. […] During jet lag, abrupt shifts in the environmental lightdark cycle temporarily desynchronize the SCN and downstream oscillatory networks from each other, resulting in increased sleepiness and impaired daytime functioning. […] This type of circadian misalignment can further lead to a cluster of symptoms including major metabolic, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological impairments. […] The aim of this review is to provide mechanistic links between the fields of sleep and circadian rhythms to understand the biological basis of jet lag and to apply this information to clinical management strategies.

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8

  For many years now a treatment mitigating the debilitating effects of jet lag has been sought. […] Mis-timed circadian rhythms are considered to be the main factor underlying jet-lag symptoms, together with the sleep deprivation from long haul flights. […] The SCN adapts slowly to changes in time zone, and peripheral clocks or oscillators adapt at different rates, such that the organism is in a state of desynchrony from the external environment and internally. […] Rapid travel across time zones leads to a mismatch or lack of synchrony between the activity of the internal rhythm-generating systems and the local time cues, whether social or environmental. […] The SCN adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues. […] On average, the central clock shifts approximately 1 h per day without countermeasures and it will take approximately 1 day for each hour of time zone change for adaptation to be complete.

• #16

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8

  For many years now a treatment mitigating the debilitating effects of jet lag has been sought. […] Mis-timed circadian rhythms are considered to be the main factor underlying jet-lag symptoms, together with the sleep deprivation from long haul flights. […] The SCN adapts slowly to changes in time zone, and peripheral clocks or oscillators adapt at different rates, such that the organism is in a state of desynchrony from the external environment and internally. […] Rapid travel across time zones leads to a mismatch or lack of synchrony between the activity of the internal rhythm-generating systems and the local time cues, whether social or environmental. […] The SCN adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues. […] On average, the central clock shifts approximately 1 h per day without countermeasures and it will take approximately 1 day for each hour of time zone change for adaptation to be complete.

• #17

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8

  For many years now a treatment mitigating the debilitating effects of jet lag has been sought. […] Mis-timed circadian rhythms are considered to be the main factor underlying jet-lag symptoms, together with the sleep deprivation from long haul flights. […] The SCN adapts slowly to changes in time zone, and peripheral clocks or oscillators adapt at different rates, such that the organism is in a state of desynchrony from the external environment and internally. […] Rapid travel across time zones leads to a mismatch or lack of synchrony between the activity of the internal rhythm-generating systems and the local time cues, whether social or environmental. […] The SCN adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues. […] On average, the central clock shifts approximately 1 h per day without countermeasures and it will take approximately 1 day for each hour of time zone change for adaptation to be complete.

• #18 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #19 Jet lag: Why the body clock is slow to adjust to time changes | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130829124013.htm

  New research in mice reveals why the body is so slow to recover from jet lag and identifies a target for the development of drugs that could help us to adjust faster to changes in time zone. […] Researchers at the University of Oxford, University of Notre Dame and F. Hoffmann La Roche have identified a mechanism that limits the ability of the body clock to adjust to changes in patterns of light and dark. […] The team show that if you block the activity of this gene in mice, they recover faster from disturbances in their daily light/dark cycle that were designed to simulate jet-lag. […] They identified around 100 genes that were switched on in response to light, revealing a sequence of events that act to retune the circadian clock. Amongst these, they identified one molecule, SIK1, that terminates this response, acting as a brake to limit the effects of light on the clock.

• #20 Jet lag: Why the body clock is slow to adjust to time changes | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130829124013.htm

  When they blocked the activity of SIK1, the mice adjusted faster to changes in light cycle. […] Dr Peirson explains: „We’ve identified a system that actively prevents the body clock from re-adjusting. […] But it is this same buffering mechanism that slows down our ability to adjust to a new time zone and causes jet lag.” […] Understanding the mechanisms that generate and regulate our circadian clock gives us targets to develop drugs to help bring our bodies in tune with the solar cycle.

• #21 Jet lag: Why the body clock is slow to adjust to time changes | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130829124013.htm

  When they blocked the activity of SIK1, the mice adjusted faster to changes in light cycle. […] Dr Peirson explains: „We’ve identified a system that actively prevents the body clock from re-adjusting. […] But it is this same buffering mechanism that slows down our ability to adjust to a new time zone and causes jet lag.” […] Understanding the mechanisms that generate and regulate our circadian clock gives us targets to develop drugs to help bring our bodies in tune with the solar cycle.

• #22 The science of jet lag… and how best to beat it

  https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140523-the-science-of-jet-lag

  Increased expression of certain clock genes effectively moves the molecular hands of the clock to the correct time, says Peirson but there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted: its just one hour per day. […] Work published last year by researchers in Japan suggests a hormone plays a key role in re-setting the body clock. Mice lacking receptors for the hormone arginine vasopressin were much less affected by jet lag and adjusted more quickly to time shifts, says Peirson.

• #23 The science of jet lag… and how best to beat it

  https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140523-the-science-of-jet-lag

  Increased expression of certain clock genes effectively moves the molecular hands of the clock to the correct time, says Peirson but there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted: its just one hour per day. […] Work published last year by researchers in Japan suggests a hormone plays a key role in re-setting the body clock. Mice lacking receptors for the hormone arginine vasopressin were much less affected by jet lag and adjusted more quickly to time shifts, says Peirson.

• #24 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Almost every cell in the organism has active molecular oscillators that regulate circadian gene expression in response to various time cues, mainly chemical changes induced by feeding and temperature changes. […] The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus have been established as the site of the central mammalian circadian oscillator. […] The biological clocks of average humans of all ages have an endogenous circadian cycle of slightly more than 24 hours, generally about 24.2 hours. […] Keeping the basic 24-hour cycle involves daily synchronizing of the internal clocks with the shorter environmental cycle following external zeitgebers (a process known as entraining, a control of one oscillating process by another). […] Light is the main zeitgeber of endogenous clocks in humans, as it is in other animals and plants. […] The adjustment process of the circadian timing system to a new external time schedule is slow and asymmetrical, being faster for westbound flights. […] The exact biological origin of the malaise in jet lag disorder is unknown.

• #25 Why Does Jet Lag Happen? | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/video/jet-lag/-193828

  Long-distance travel like this throws off our sleep-wake cycle and our inner clock. […] The body has its own biological mechanism that adjusts a person’s metabolism to the day’s light-dark cycle. […] Our bodies are not equipped to adjust this natural rhythm quickly enough when people speed around the planet. […] The biggest determinant of our body’s daily rhythm is sunlight. […] When it is disturbed, we get jet lag. […] Flying east, i.e. towards the sun, is often harder on travellers than flying west, i.e. in the same direction as the sun. […] The time gap you have to bridge is a lot longer.

• #26

  https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26407903

  In addition to sleep disorders, complications from jet lag can include swollen limbs, gastrointestinal problems, dehydration and even memory loss. […] Some research suggests that jet lag may also be reduced by taking supplements and natural remedies. Since plane travel is known to interfere with the bodys production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms, taking a supplement may help you adjust to new sleeping patterns. […] Indeed, a paper documenting the incidence of jet lag on the cabin crew of a commercial airline published in 2004 by the „Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine” found that melatonin delays the circadian rhythms when taken in the morning and advances them when administered in the evening. […] Exercise and diet may also affect the severity of your jet lag. While exercise itself has little direct effect on adjusting the bodys biological clock, experts say that moderate physical training leads to an increase in sleep length and nighttime alertness. […] Recognize that your whole digestive system is tightly coupled to this biological clock and takes many days to readjust, he says.

• #27 How to Defeat Jet Lag, Shift Work & Sleeplessness – Huberman Lab

  https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/find-your-temperature-minimum-to-defeat-jetlag-shift-work-and-sleeplessness

  Jet lag is a serious thing. […] Jet lag will shorten your life. It will kill you earlier. […] Jet lag has two elements, travel fatigue and time zone jet lag. Time zone jet lag is simply the inability of local sunlight and local darkness to match to your internal rhythm, this endogenous rhythm that you have. […] Jet lag can really mess yourself up. […] Traveling westward on the globe is always easier than traveling eastward. […] The effects of jet lag on longevity have shown that traveling east takes more years off your life than traveling west. […] The autonomic nervous system is asymmetrically wired such that it’s easier to stay up later than we would naturally want to, than it is to go to sleep earlier. […] If you want to read up on this, because people have asked me about papers, you can look, there’s a paper published by Davidson and colleagues, 2006, in Current Biology, that talks about the differences in lifespan for frequent eastward, versus westward, versus no travel, in longevity and etcetera.

• #28 How to Defeat Jet Lag, Shift Work & Sleeplessness – Huberman Lab

  https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/find-your-temperature-minimum-to-defeat-jetlag-shift-work-and-sleeplessness

  Jet lag is a serious thing. […] Jet lag will shorten your life. It will kill you earlier. […] Jet lag has two elements, travel fatigue and time zone jet lag. Time zone jet lag is simply the inability of local sunlight and local darkness to match to your internal rhythm, this endogenous rhythm that you have. […] Jet lag can really mess yourself up. […] Traveling westward on the globe is always easier than traveling eastward. […] The effects of jet lag on longevity have shown that traveling east takes more years off your life than traveling west. […] The autonomic nervous system is asymmetrically wired such that it’s easier to stay up later than we would naturally want to, than it is to go to sleep earlier. […] If you want to read up on this, because people have asked me about papers, you can look, there’s a paper published by Davidson and colleagues, 2006, in Current Biology, that talks about the differences in lifespan for frequent eastward, versus westward, versus no travel, in longevity and etcetera.

• #29 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Jet lag disorder occurs due to a misalignment of an individuals endogenous circadian timing with the external clock time (destinations local time zone). After rapid travel, typically two or more time zones, the endogenous circadian system initially remains aligned to the environmental time cues of the home time zone and only slowly resets to the new environmental time schedule. […] The severity and duration of these symptoms is dependent on many factors: the number of the time zones traveled, the direction of travel (east or west), departure and arrival times, the ability to sleep while traveling, exposure to local time cues, and individual differences in phase tolerance. […] Flight-related stress and fatigue, in addition to sleep deprivation, contribute to the clinical picture in the first day or two on arrival to the new time zone.

• #30 Jet lag disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027

  Jet lag occurs because your body’s internal clock is synced to your original time zone. It hasn’t changed to the time zone of where you’ve traveled. The more time zones crossed, the more likely you are to experience jet lag. […] Jet lag can occur anytime you cross two or more time zones. Crossing multiple time zones puts your internal clock out of sync with the time in your new locale. Your internal clock, also called circadian rhythms, regulates your sleep-wake cycle. […] A key influence on circadian rhythms is sunlight. Light affects the regulation of melatonin, a hormone that helps cells throughout the body work together. […] Some research shows that changes in cabin pressure and high altitudes associated with air travel may contribute to some symptoms of jet lag, regardless of travel across time zones.

• #31 Jet lag disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027

  Jet lag occurs because your body’s internal clock is synced to your original time zone. It hasn’t changed to the time zone of where you’ve traveled. The more time zones crossed, the more likely you are to experience jet lag. […] Jet lag can occur anytime you cross two or more time zones. Crossing multiple time zones puts your internal clock out of sync with the time in your new locale. Your internal clock, also called circadian rhythms, regulates your sleep-wake cycle. […] A key influence on circadian rhythms is sunlight. Light affects the regulation of melatonin, a hormone that helps cells throughout the body work together. […] Some research shows that changes in cabin pressure and high altitudes associated with air travel may contribute to some symptoms of jet lag, regardless of travel across time zones.

• #32 Terapia światłem Jet Lag: rozświetl swój powrót do zdrowia | Luminette

  https://myluminette.com/en-us/blogs/light-therapy-applications/jet-lag-light-therapy?srsltid=AfmBOooxogz6IrTc0HaAzl9xcMnLmPCnXmTJPv5kyrtYQUefgdVC2cVo

  Terapia wiatem leczy problemy zwizane z jet lagiem, zwane take jet lagiem, ktre wynika z szybkiego przekroczenia (najczciej samolotem) kilku stref czasowych. Przekada si to na zaburzenia zegara biologicznego, ktrych czas trwania i intensywno s proporcjonalne do liczby stref czasowych. Szkodliwe skutki jet lag s odczuwalne dopiero po przekroczeniu 3 stref czasowych. […] Przyczyn jest zbyt szybkie przekroczenie kilku stref czasowych, uniemoliwiajce wewntrznemu zegarowi (zegarowi biologicznemu) dostosowanie si do czasu zewntrznego. […] Jet lag nie jest patologi w cisym tego sowa znaczeniu. Dlatego nie mwimy o leczeniu, ale raczej o rozwizaniu zapewniajcym lepsze samopoczucie. Stanowi one cz klasycznego narzdzia chronoterapii, czyli narzdzi umoliwiajcych resynchronizacj zegara biologicznego z nowym czasem. Wyrniamy 3 gwne narzdzia, za pomoc ktrych podrny moe zagodzi skutki jet lag: terapi wiatem, przyjmowanie melatoniny, unikanie wiata i snu.

• #33 Jet lag – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

  Jet lag is caused by a misalignment between the internal circadian clock and the external environment, and it has been classified within the category of a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, reflecting its basis in disrupted biological timing rather than general travel fatigue. […] Jet lag is a chronobiological problem, similar to issues often induced by shift work and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. During jet lag, there is a shift in the sleep-wake cycle, disrupting the coordinated regulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The output of the SCN influences oscillatory sleep and arousal controls, which can later lead to an effect on daily sleep-wake behavior. […] Jet lag is linked only to the distance travelled along the east-west axis. A ten-hour flight between Europe and southern Africa does not cause jet lag, as the direction of travel is primarily north-south. A four-hour flight between Miami, Florida, and Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States may result in jet lag, as the direction of travel is primarily east-west.

• #34 Beating Jet Lag: A Guide to Strategic Light Exposure – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance

  https://humanperformancealliance.org/playbook/beating-jet-lag-a-guide-to-strategic-light-exposure/

  Light plays a crucial role in overcoming jet lag. A common misunderstanding, however, is that all light is equal. […] A person can adjust their circadian rhythms by approximately one hour each day if they expose themselves to the right amounts of light at the right times. […] Eastward travel across time zones is often harder to adjust to than Westward. Its generally more challenging to fall asleep earlier when traveling East than stay awake later when traveling West. […] If you are getting light after a night of sleep, even regular room light will impact your clock, so avoid this when going Westward, said Dr. Zeitzer. […] Light in the evening, however, is a little different because youve been exposed to light already during the day. You’ll need brighter light to change your clock, especially if you have been outside during the daytime, added Dr. Zeitzer.

• #35 Beating Jet Lag: A Guide to Strategic Light Exposure – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance

  https://humanperformancealliance.org/playbook/beating-jet-lag-a-guide-to-strategic-light-exposure/

  Light plays a crucial role in overcoming jet lag. A common misunderstanding, however, is that all light is equal. […] A person can adjust their circadian rhythms by approximately one hour each day if they expose themselves to the right amounts of light at the right times. […] Eastward travel across time zones is often harder to adjust to than Westward. Its generally more challenging to fall asleep earlier when traveling East than stay awake later when traveling West. […] If you are getting light after a night of sleep, even regular room light will impact your clock, so avoid this when going Westward, said Dr. Zeitzer. […] Light in the evening, however, is a little different because youve been exposed to light already during the day. You’ll need brighter light to change your clock, especially if you have been outside during the daytime, added Dr. Zeitzer.

• #36 Beating Jet Lag: A Guide to Strategic Light Exposure – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance

  https://humanperformancealliance.org/playbook/beating-jet-lag-a-guide-to-strategic-light-exposure/

  Light plays a crucial role in overcoming jet lag. A common misunderstanding, however, is that all light is equal. […] A person can adjust their circadian rhythms by approximately one hour each day if they expose themselves to the right amounts of light at the right times. […] Eastward travel across time zones is often harder to adjust to than Westward. Its generally more challenging to fall asleep earlier when traveling East than stay awake later when traveling West. […] If you are getting light after a night of sleep, even regular room light will impact your clock, so avoid this when going Westward, said Dr. Zeitzer. […] Light in the evening, however, is a little different because youve been exposed to light already during the day. You’ll need brighter light to change your clock, especially if you have been outside during the daytime, added Dr. Zeitzer.

• #37 Beating Jet Lag: A Guide to Strategic Light Exposure – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance

  https://humanperformancealliance.org/playbook/beating-jet-lag-a-guide-to-strategic-light-exposure/

  Light plays a crucial role in overcoming jet lag. A common misunderstanding, however, is that all light is equal. […] A person can adjust their circadian rhythms by approximately one hour each day if they expose themselves to the right amounts of light at the right times. […] Eastward travel across time zones is often harder to adjust to than Westward. Its generally more challenging to fall asleep earlier when traveling East than stay awake later when traveling West. […] If you are getting light after a night of sleep, even regular room light will impact your clock, so avoid this when going Westward, said Dr. Zeitzer. […] Light in the evening, however, is a little different because youve been exposed to light already during the day. You’ll need brighter light to change your clock, especially if you have been outside during the daytime, added Dr. Zeitzer.

• #38

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8

  Thus internal rhythms are not only out of synchrony with the environment (external desynchronisation) but also out of synchrony with each other (internal desynchrony). […] The problem of treatment is not simple. […] However, circadian response to time-zone change depends on individual characteristics such as initial circadian status, tau and light sensitivity, the individual exposure to artificial and natural light in the aircraft, natural light at destination and thus the season (photoperiod), and departure and arrival time of the aircraft. […] Much effort has been devoted to finding an efficient method of alleviating jet lag with only partial success. […] A major problem is the (biological) time-dependency of chronobiotics, which may have opposite effects depending on internal circadian time of treatment.

• #39 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic jet lag. […] It is known that BD is a heritable mood disorder and recently it has been suggested that circadian disruption, a risk factor for BD, may also be heritable. […] The timing of energy intake is an important peripheral cue, influencing the regulation of circadian function. […] Eating rhythms have been shown to influence body weight and energy metabolism, even when the same amount of food is consumed because energy balance does not promote expenditure during the night hours and therefore calories are stored as fat. […] In addition, the prevalence of BD in mitochondrial diseases is about 20 times higher than in the general population. […] Current evidence suggests that mitochondria are both influenced by circadian rhythm and exert effects on biological rhythms.

• #40 How to Defeat Jet Lag, Shift Work & Sleeplessness – Huberman Lab

  https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/find-your-temperature-minimum-to-defeat-jetlag-shift-work-and-sleeplessness

  Jet lag gets worse as we age. […] If you expose your eyes to bright light in the four hours after your temperature minimum, your circadian clock will shift so that you will tend to get up earlier and go to sleep earlier in the subsequent days. […] If you view bright light in the four to six hours before your temperature minimum, you will tend to phase delay your clock. […] Understanding mechanism affords you more flexibility. […] Jet lag is a serious thing. […] Jet lag can shorten your life. […] Jet lag has two elements, travel fatigue and time zone jet lag. […] Jet lag gets worse as we age.

• #41 Jet Lag – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/jet-lag-a-to-z

  Jet lag is a type of sleep disorder that is a reaction to traveling between time zones. […] Because traveling between time zones changes the light-dark patterns in your environment, it can disrupt your body’s rhythms. A change of even a few hours may not seem significant, but often it is enough to affect the body’s sleep-wake cycle. […] The effects of jet lag go beyond being tired for a few extra hours. Because the disruption in the sleep-wake cycle affects your body’s hormone levels, many body processes can be thrown off balance, leading to a variety of symptoms. […] Older people seem to be hit harder by jet lag and may require a little more time to adjust. Traveling from west to east can cause more bothersome symptoms because the body has more difficulty adjusting its clock forward than backward.

• #42 The surprisingly simple trick to overcoming jet lag – The Brighter Side of News

  https://www.thebrighterside.news/health/the-surprisingly-simple-trick-to-overcoming-jet-lag

  Jetlag happens when the body’s circadian rhythmits built-in 24-hour cyclefalls out of sync. Tied to Earths rotation, this rhythm controls sleep, digestion, and energy levels. Crossing multiple time zones throws it into chaos, leading to fatigue, insomnia, sudden hunger pangs, and even splitting headaches. […] Sunlight helps keep the SCN in sync, but meal timing plays a crucial role too. By aligning eating habits with a new time zone, travelers may reset their internal clocks faster, reducing jetlags grip and getting back to enjoying the journey. […] Conflicting external cues, such as nighttime eating, can confuse our internal clocks, leading to desynchrony. […] The interplay between circadian clocks weakens alongside diminished light sensitivity. Consequently, older individuals might require extended recovery post-travel. […] Their findings, published in Chaos, emphasized the need for a mathematical framework encompassing both the central and peripheral clocks to deepen our circadian rhythm understanding.

• #43 The pathophysiology of jet lag – ProQuest

  https://www.proquest.com/docview/1027134860/20CB7D54A81A45E3PQ/3

  Jet Lag Disorder (JLD) is a recognized circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness (and sometimes general malaise and somatic symptoms) associated with transmeridian jet travel. […] It is a consequence of circadian misalignment that occurs after crossing time zones too rapidly for the circadian system to keep pace. […] The thesis of this review is that a rational treatment approach for jet lag can be grounded in an understanding of the biology of the human circadian timekeeping system. […] An overview of circadian rhythm physiology is presented with special emphasis on the role of light exposure and melatonin secretion in the regulation of circadian timing. […] Both timed light exposure (or avoidance) and exogenous melatonin administration have been recruited as treatment modalities to accelerate circadian realignment, based on an understanding of their role in circadian physiology. […] In addition to circadian misalignment, other contributing causes to jet lag are considered including travel-related sleep deprivation and fatigue.

• #44 Jet lag disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/jet-lag-disorder

  Jet lag disorder occurs due to a misalignment of an individuals endogenous circadian timing with the external clock time (destinations local time zone). After rapid travel, typically two or more time zones, the endogenous circadian system initially remains aligned to the environmental time cues of the home time zone and only slowly resets to the new environmental time schedule. […] The severity and duration of these symptoms is dependent on many factors: the number of the time zones traveled, the direction of travel (east or west), departure and arrival times, the ability to sleep while traveling, exposure to local time cues, and individual differences in phase tolerance. […] Flight-related stress and fatigue, in addition to sleep deprivation, contribute to the clinical picture in the first day or two on arrival to the new time zone.

• #45 Jet Lag | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60485

  Jet Lag must be distinguished from travel fatigue, that happens every time transport has been long and uncomfortable, be it in car, train, boat or jet. […] An important factor in the understanding of Jet Lag is the issue of sleep debt (cumulative sleep loss). […] Jet Lag is a phenomenon that is best explained by a mismatch between the circadian body clock and actual destination time. After fast (airplane) transportation to destination, the body clock remains set to departure schedules for a number of days that depend mostly on the amount of time zones crossed. […] The circadian clock slowly adjusts to new schedules, thanks to external time-givers, especially the alternation of outside night and dark periods but also social meetings and meals.

• #46 Jet Lag | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60485

  Jet Lag must be distinguished from travel fatigue, that happens every time transport has been long and uncomfortable, be it in car, train, boat or jet. […] An important factor in the understanding of Jet Lag is the issue of sleep debt (cumulative sleep loss). […] Jet Lag is a phenomenon that is best explained by a mismatch between the circadian body clock and actual destination time. After fast (airplane) transportation to destination, the body clock remains set to departure schedules for a number of days that depend mostly on the amount of time zones crossed. […] The circadian clock slowly adjusts to new schedules, thanks to external time-givers, especially the alternation of outside night and dark periods but also social meetings and meals.

• #47 Experimental ‘Jet Lag’ Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015267

  Experimental Jet Lag Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters […] Circadian disruptions through frequent transmeridian travel, rotating shift work, and poor sleep hygiene are associated with an array of physical and mental health maladies, including marked deficits in human cognitive function. […] In the present study, we investigated whether experimental jet lag (i.e., phase advances of the lightdark cycle) negatively impacts learning and memory and whether any deficits observed are associated with reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Circadian disruption resulted in pronounced deficits in learning and memory paralleled by marked reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Together, these findings support the view that circadian disruptions suppress hippocampal neurogenesis via a glucocorticoid-independent mechanism, imposing pronounced and persistent impairments on learning and memory. […] The present findings show, for the first time, that circadian disruptions lead to marked suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, associated with notable deficits in learning and memory. […] In contrast, the pronounced suppression of neurogenesis is independent of jet lag-induced alterations in circulating glucocorticoid and sex steroid concentrations. […] Jet-lagged animals exhibited 24-hr rhythms, not synchronized with external time, suggesting that the observed deficits result from a desynchrony between internal physiology and external time, not from gross disruptions in internal rhythmicity. […] Together, these results underscore the importance of circadian entrainment in maintaining optimal neural and cognitive functioning.

• #48 Experimental ‘Jet Lag’ Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015267

  Experimental Jet Lag Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters […] Circadian disruptions through frequent transmeridian travel, rotating shift work, and poor sleep hygiene are associated with an array of physical and mental health maladies, including marked deficits in human cognitive function. […] In the present study, we investigated whether experimental jet lag (i.e., phase advances of the lightdark cycle) negatively impacts learning and memory and whether any deficits observed are associated with reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Circadian disruption resulted in pronounced deficits in learning and memory paralleled by marked reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Together, these findings support the view that circadian disruptions suppress hippocampal neurogenesis via a glucocorticoid-independent mechanism, imposing pronounced and persistent impairments on learning and memory. […] The present findings show, for the first time, that circadian disruptions lead to marked suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, associated with notable deficits in learning and memory. […] In contrast, the pronounced suppression of neurogenesis is independent of jet lag-induced alterations in circulating glucocorticoid and sex steroid concentrations. […] Jet-lagged animals exhibited 24-hr rhythms, not synchronized with external time, suggesting that the observed deficits result from a desynchrony between internal physiology and external time, not from gross disruptions in internal rhythmicity. […] Together, these results underscore the importance of circadian entrainment in maintaining optimal neural and cognitive functioning.

• #49 Experimental ‘Jet Lag’ Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015267

  Experimental Jet Lag Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters […] Circadian disruptions through frequent transmeridian travel, rotating shift work, and poor sleep hygiene are associated with an array of physical and mental health maladies, including marked deficits in human cognitive function. […] In the present study, we investigated whether experimental jet lag (i.e., phase advances of the lightdark cycle) negatively impacts learning and memory and whether any deficits observed are associated with reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Circadian disruption resulted in pronounced deficits in learning and memory paralleled by marked reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Together, these findings support the view that circadian disruptions suppress hippocampal neurogenesis via a glucocorticoid-independent mechanism, imposing pronounced and persistent impairments on learning and memory. […] The present findings show, for the first time, that circadian disruptions lead to marked suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, associated with notable deficits in learning and memory. […] In contrast, the pronounced suppression of neurogenesis is independent of jet lag-induced alterations in circulating glucocorticoid and sex steroid concentrations. […] Jet-lagged animals exhibited 24-hr rhythms, not synchronized with external time, suggesting that the observed deficits result from a desynchrony between internal physiology and external time, not from gross disruptions in internal rhythmicity. […] Together, these results underscore the importance of circadian entrainment in maintaining optimal neural and cognitive functioning.

• #50 Brain activity and transcriptional profiling in mice under chronic jet lag | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00709-6

  Chronic jet lag (CJL) induced by shifting light-dark cycles repeatedly is a commonly used protocol to mimic the environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers. […] Our results reveal the alterations of brain activities and systematic reprogramming of gene expression in brain tissues under CJL, building hypothesis for how CJL increases the susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric diseases. […] Recent work in rodents also demonstrated that CJL leads to phenotypes related to mood disorders, but the mechanism is largely unknown. […] Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain has been reported in dementia, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. […] Dysfunction of the PFC has been found in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimers disease, and Parkinsons disease.

• #51 Brain activity and transcriptional profiling in mice under chronic jet lag | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00709-6

  Chronic jet lag (CJL) induced by shifting light-dark cycles repeatedly is a commonly used protocol to mimic the environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers. […] Our results reveal the alterations of brain activities and systematic reprogramming of gene expression in brain tissues under CJL, building hypothesis for how CJL increases the susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric diseases. […] Recent work in rodents also demonstrated that CJL leads to phenotypes related to mood disorders, but the mechanism is largely unknown. […] Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain has been reported in dementia, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. […] Dysfunction of the PFC has been found in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimers disease, and Parkinsons disease.

• #52 Brain activity and transcriptional profiling in mice under chronic jet lag | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00709-6

  Chronic jet lag (CJL) induced by shifting light-dark cycles repeatedly is a commonly used protocol to mimic the environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers. […] Our results reveal the alterations of brain activities and systematic reprogramming of gene expression in brain tissues under CJL, building hypothesis for how CJL increases the susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric diseases. […] Recent work in rodents also demonstrated that CJL leads to phenotypes related to mood disorders, but the mechanism is largely unknown. […] Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain has been reported in dementia, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. […] Dysfunction of the PFC has been found in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimers disease, and Parkinsons disease.

• #53 Brain activity and transcriptional profiling in mice under chronic jet lag | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00709-6

  Chronic jet lag (CJL) induced by shifting light-dark cycles repeatedly is a commonly used protocol to mimic the environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers. […] Our results reveal the alterations of brain activities and systematic reprogramming of gene expression in brain tissues under CJL, building hypothesis for how CJL increases the susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric diseases. […] Recent work in rodents also demonstrated that CJL leads to phenotypes related to mood disorders, but the mechanism is largely unknown. […] Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain has been reported in dementia, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. […] Dysfunction of the PFC has been found in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimers disease, and Parkinsons disease.

• #54 Jet lag | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/jet-lag

  A stress hormone that is secreted in a circadian pattern and that is particularly sensitive to interruptions in sleep-wake cycles is cortisol. Levels of cortisol, which normally increase during the day and decrease at night, are found in unusually high levels in people who experience jet lag on a regular basis (e.g., flight attendants and pilots). […] Increasing cortisol levels corresponded with decreasing temporal lobe size in these individuals, suggesting a direct link between physiological desynchronization and decreased functionality of short-term memory. […] The hormone melatonin plays a major role in regulating circadian sleep-wake rhythms, and its production is influenced by light-dark cycles. […] Because long-distance transmeridian jet travelers normally experience a significant shift in the light-dark cycles, melatonin secretion is immediately out of sync upon arrival in a new time zonethus jet lag.

• #55 Jet lag | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/jet-lag

  A stress hormone that is secreted in a circadian pattern and that is particularly sensitive to interruptions in sleep-wake cycles is cortisol. Levels of cortisol, which normally increase during the day and decrease at night, are found in unusually high levels in people who experience jet lag on a regular basis (e.g., flight attendants and pilots). […] Increasing cortisol levels corresponded with decreasing temporal lobe size in these individuals, suggesting a direct link between physiological desynchronization and decreased functionality of short-term memory. […] The hormone melatonin plays a major role in regulating circadian sleep-wake rhythms, and its production is influenced by light-dark cycles. […] Because long-distance transmeridian jet travelers normally experience a significant shift in the light-dark cycles, melatonin secretion is immediately out of sync upon arrival in a new time zonethus jet lag.

• #56 Jet lag | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/jet-lag

  A stress hormone that is secreted in a circadian pattern and that is particularly sensitive to interruptions in sleep-wake cycles is cortisol. Levels of cortisol, which normally increase during the day and decrease at night, are found in unusually high levels in people who experience jet lag on a regular basis (e.g., flight attendants and pilots). […] Increasing cortisol levels corresponded with decreasing temporal lobe size in these individuals, suggesting a direct link between physiological desynchronization and decreased functionality of short-term memory. […] The hormone melatonin plays a major role in regulating circadian sleep-wake rhythms, and its production is influenced by light-dark cycles. […] Because long-distance transmeridian jet travelers normally experience a significant shift in the light-dark cycles, melatonin secretion is immediately out of sync upon arrival in a new time zonethus jet lag.

• #57 Jet lag | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/jet-lag

  A stress hormone that is secreted in a circadian pattern and that is particularly sensitive to interruptions in sleep-wake cycles is cortisol. Levels of cortisol, which normally increase during the day and decrease at night, are found in unusually high levels in people who experience jet lag on a regular basis (e.g., flight attendants and pilots). […] Increasing cortisol levels corresponded with decreasing temporal lobe size in these individuals, suggesting a direct link between physiological desynchronization and decreased functionality of short-term memory. […] The hormone melatonin plays a major role in regulating circadian sleep-wake rhythms, and its production is influenced by light-dark cycles. […] Because long-distance transmeridian jet travelers normally experience a significant shift in the light-dark cycles, melatonin secretion is immediately out of sync upon arrival in a new time zonethus jet lag.

• #58 Jet Lag Disorder | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/air-land-sea/jet-lag

  Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain during darkness and it is suppressed during the day with light exposure. If a traveler takes melatonin when their internal clock thinks it is morning, this will result in a phase delay which can facilitate adaptation to westward travel. Taking melatonin when the internal clock thinks it is early evening will result in a phase advance which can facilitate adaptation to eastward travel. […] There are several over-the-counter and prescription medications that are often used to help sustain alertness during the local day, promote sleep during the local night, and ultimately adjust to the new time zone.

• #59 Jet Lag Disorder | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/air-land-sea/jet-lag

  Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain during darkness and it is suppressed during the day with light exposure. If a traveler takes melatonin when their internal clock thinks it is morning, this will result in a phase delay which can facilitate adaptation to westward travel. Taking melatonin when the internal clock thinks it is early evening will result in a phase advance which can facilitate adaptation to eastward travel. […] There are several over-the-counter and prescription medications that are often used to help sustain alertness during the local day, promote sleep during the local night, and ultimately adjust to the new time zone.

• #60 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic jet lag. […] It is known that BD is a heritable mood disorder and recently it has been suggested that circadian disruption, a risk factor for BD, may also be heritable. […] The timing of energy intake is an important peripheral cue, influencing the regulation of circadian function. […] Eating rhythms have been shown to influence body weight and energy metabolism, even when the same amount of food is consumed because energy balance does not promote expenditure during the night hours and therefore calories are stored as fat. […] In addition, the prevalence of BD in mitochondrial diseases is about 20 times higher than in the general population. […] Current evidence suggests that mitochondria are both influenced by circadian rhythm and exert effects on biological rhythms.

• #61 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic jet lag. […] It is known that BD is a heritable mood disorder and recently it has been suggested that circadian disruption, a risk factor for BD, may also be heritable. […] The timing of energy intake is an important peripheral cue, influencing the regulation of circadian function. […] Eating rhythms have been shown to influence body weight and energy metabolism, even when the same amount of food is consumed because energy balance does not promote expenditure during the night hours and therefore calories are stored as fat. […] In addition, the prevalence of BD in mitochondrial diseases is about 20 times higher than in the general population. […] Current evidence suggests that mitochondria are both influenced by circadian rhythm and exert effects on biological rhythms.

• #62 The surprisingly simple trick to overcoming jet lag – The Brighter Side of News

  https://www.thebrighterside.news/health/the-surprisingly-simple-trick-to-overcoming-jet-lag

  Jetlag happens when the body’s circadian rhythmits built-in 24-hour cyclefalls out of sync. Tied to Earths rotation, this rhythm controls sleep, digestion, and energy levels. Crossing multiple time zones throws it into chaos, leading to fatigue, insomnia, sudden hunger pangs, and even splitting headaches. […] Sunlight helps keep the SCN in sync, but meal timing plays a crucial role too. By aligning eating habits with a new time zone, travelers may reset their internal clocks faster, reducing jetlags grip and getting back to enjoying the journey. […] Conflicting external cues, such as nighttime eating, can confuse our internal clocks, leading to desynchrony. […] The interplay between circadian clocks weakens alongside diminished light sensitivity. Consequently, older individuals might require extended recovery post-travel. […] Their findings, published in Chaos, emphasized the need for a mathematical framework encompassing both the central and peripheral clocks to deepen our circadian rhythm understanding.

• #63 The surprisingly simple trick to overcoming jet lag – The Brighter Side of News

  https://www.thebrighterside.news/health/the-surprisingly-simple-trick-to-overcoming-jet-lag

  Jetlag happens when the body’s circadian rhythmits built-in 24-hour cyclefalls out of sync. Tied to Earths rotation, this rhythm controls sleep, digestion, and energy levels. Crossing multiple time zones throws it into chaos, leading to fatigue, insomnia, sudden hunger pangs, and even splitting headaches. […] Sunlight helps keep the SCN in sync, but meal timing plays a crucial role too. By aligning eating habits with a new time zone, travelers may reset their internal clocks faster, reducing jetlags grip and getting back to enjoying the journey. […] Conflicting external cues, such as nighttime eating, can confuse our internal clocks, leading to desynchrony. […] The interplay between circadian clocks weakens alongside diminished light sensitivity. Consequently, older individuals might require extended recovery post-travel. […] Their findings, published in Chaos, emphasized the need for a mathematical framework encompassing both the central and peripheral clocks to deepen our circadian rhythm understanding.

• #64 How to Prevent Jet Lag | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-prevent-jet-lag/

  Jet lag occurs when our rhythms no longer align with the environment. […] Evidence has recently accumulated that we can apply this knowledge to minimise the negative effects of shift work and jet lag. […] Bright light exposure is the most powerful way to cause a phase shift an advance or delay in circadian rhythms. […] This simple insight can be used to minimise jet lag. […] Several field studies have reached similar conclusions. […] Thus, seeking and avoiding light at the right times can reduce jet lag. […] These people often end up jet lagged for longer than necessary. […] Besides gastrointestinal disturbances and reduced alertness, frequent jet lag is associated with cancer and digestive diseases in humans, and increases mortality in mice.

• #65 Jet lag syndrome: circadian organization, pathophysiology, and management strategies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3630947/

  The circadian system regulates the cyclical occurrence of wakefulness and sleep through a series of oscillatory networks that comprise two different theoretical processes. […] During jet lag, abrupt shifts in the environmental lightdark cycle temporarily desynchronize the SCN and downstream oscillatory networks from each other, resulting in increased sleepiness and impaired daytime functioning. […] This type of circadian misalignment can further lead to a cluster of symptoms including major metabolic, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological impairments. […] Understanding jet lag can help us address the broader problem of circadian misalignment, which has increasingly been associated with increased risk for cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive decline.

• #66 How to Prevent Jet Lag: Tips to Sleep Better and Adjust Faster

  https://www.legalnomads.com/jet-lag-tips/

  At its core, jet lag is caused by misalignment of the body’s circadian systems — i.e. your body clock is not “aligned” with the sun any longer. […] The body clock can even help dictate when medications are most effectively taken: […] Jet lag is essentially a chronobiological problem. The same issues arise not just when we fly long distances, but also we do shift work. Both require your body to make changes to how your body clock perceives time. […] Jet lag isn’t simply about sleeping a little better as you travel. As mentioned earlier, there are plenty of studies about the effects long-term circadian rhythm changes have on the body. […] Chronic misalignment of our body clocks — for example, when eating and sleeping patterns conflict with the natural light-dark cycle, or with prolonged shift work — is associated with higher risks of conditions like metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions, and cancer.

• #67 Experimental ‘Jet Lag’ Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015267

  Experimental Jet Lag Inhibits Adult Neurogenesis and Produces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Female Hamsters […] Circadian disruptions through frequent transmeridian travel, rotating shift work, and poor sleep hygiene are associated with an array of physical and mental health maladies, including marked deficits in human cognitive function. […] In the present study, we investigated whether experimental jet lag (i.e., phase advances of the lightdark cycle) negatively impacts learning and memory and whether any deficits observed are associated with reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Circadian disruption resulted in pronounced deficits in learning and memory paralleled by marked reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. […] Together, these findings support the view that circadian disruptions suppress hippocampal neurogenesis via a glucocorticoid-independent mechanism, imposing pronounced and persistent impairments on learning and memory. […] The present findings show, for the first time, that circadian disruptions lead to marked suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, associated with notable deficits in learning and memory. […] In contrast, the pronounced suppression of neurogenesis is independent of jet lag-induced alterations in circulating glucocorticoid and sex steroid concentrations. […] Jet-lagged animals exhibited 24-hr rhythms, not synchronized with external time, suggesting that the observed deficits result from a desynchrony between internal physiology and external time, not from gross disruptions in internal rhythmicity. […] Together, these results underscore the importance of circadian entrainment in maintaining optimal neural and cognitive functioning.

• #68 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  Jet lag separatrix is the key concept for understanding and coping with jet lag. […] Jet lag separatrix exists generally in oscillatory systems entrained by weak periodic stimuli. […] Near the bifurcation point, an unstable solution exists, which underlies the jet lag separatrix. […] We demonstrated that our model can predict the response to jet lag and concluded that mice cope better with jet lag when they are pre-sensitized to jet lag. […] We suspect that the bad timing of phase shift of ones daily rhythm desynchronizes the clock cells in the SCN of rotators, which may be one of the main causes of reported health problems.

• #69 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  Jet lag separatrix is the key concept for understanding and coping with jet lag. […] Jet lag separatrix exists generally in oscillatory systems entrained by weak periodic stimuli. […] Near the bifurcation point, an unstable solution exists, which underlies the jet lag separatrix. […] We demonstrated that our model can predict the response to jet lag and concluded that mice cope better with jet lag when they are pre-sensitized to jet lag. […] We suspect that the bad timing of phase shift of ones daily rhythm desynchronizes the clock cells in the SCN of rotators, which may be one of the main causes of reported health problems.

• #70 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  Jet lag separatrix is the key concept for understanding and coping with jet lag. […] Jet lag separatrix exists generally in oscillatory systems entrained by weak periodic stimuli. […] Near the bifurcation point, an unstable solution exists, which underlies the jet lag separatrix. […] We demonstrated that our model can predict the response to jet lag and concluded that mice cope better with jet lag when they are pre-sensitized to jet lag. […] We suspect that the bad timing of phase shift of ones daily rhythm desynchronizes the clock cells in the SCN of rotators, which may be one of the main causes of reported health problems.

• #71 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  Jet lag separatrix is the key concept for understanding and coping with jet lag. […] Jet lag separatrix exists generally in oscillatory systems entrained by weak periodic stimuli. […] Near the bifurcation point, an unstable solution exists, which underlies the jet lag separatrix. […] We demonstrated that our model can predict the response to jet lag and concluded that mice cope better with jet lag when they are pre-sensitized to jet lag. […] We suspect that the bad timing of phase shift of ones daily rhythm desynchronizes the clock cells in the SCN of rotators, which may be one of the main causes of reported health problems.

• #72 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  Jet lag separatrix is the key concept for understanding and coping with jet lag. […] Jet lag separatrix exists generally in oscillatory systems entrained by weak periodic stimuli. […] Near the bifurcation point, an unstable solution exists, which underlies the jet lag separatrix. […] We demonstrated that our model can predict the response to jet lag and concluded that mice cope better with jet lag when they are pre-sensitized to jet lag. […] We suspect that the bad timing of phase shift of ones daily rhythm desynchronizes the clock cells in the SCN of rotators, which may be one of the main causes of reported health problems.

• #73 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  The endogenous circadian clock drives oscillations that are completely synchronized with the environmental daynight rhythms with a period of approximately 24hours. […] However, the mechanism behind the disruption of ones internal clock is not well understood. […] To demonstrate the utility of our theoretical study, we applied it to predict that re-entrainment via a two-step jet lag in which a four-hour shift of the light-dark cycle is given in the span of two successive days requires fewer days than when given as a single eight-hour shift. […] Our model successfully reproduced our main experimental finding that the adaptation to the advanced LD cycle was accelerated when the intercellular coupling is weakened. However, its mechanism remains rather vague. […] We experimentally verified our method using mice, observing the re-entrainment process to be in good agreement with our mathematical predictions.

• #74 Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46702

  The endogenous circadian clock drives oscillations that are completely synchronized with the environmental daynight rhythms with a period of approximately 24hours. […] However, the mechanism behind the disruption of ones internal clock is not well understood. […] To demonstrate the utility of our theoretical study, we applied it to predict that re-entrainment via a two-step jet lag in which a four-hour shift of the light-dark cycle is given in the span of two successive days requires fewer days than when given as a single eight-hour shift. […] Our model successfully reproduced our main experimental finding that the adaptation to the advanced LD cycle was accelerated when the intercellular coupling is weakened. However, its mechanism remains rather vague. […] We experimentally verified our method using mice, observing the re-entrainment process to be in good agreement with our mathematical predictions.

• #75 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a potentially chronic mental disorder marked by recurrent depressive and manic episodes, circadian rhythm disruption, and changes in energetic metabolism. Metabolic jet lag refers to a state of shift in circadian patterns of energy homeostasis, affecting neuroendocrine, immune, and adipose tissue function, expressed through behavioral changes such as irregularities in sleep and appetite. […] Evidence suggests metabolic jet lag is a core component of BD pathophysiology, as individuals with BD frequently exhibit irregular eating rhythms and circadian desynchronization of their energetic metabolism, which is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. […] Metabolic jet lag constitutes a desynchronization between external cues and the temporal order of the main circadian clock and has been linked to a variety of detrimental health outcomes.

• #76 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a potentially chronic mental disorder marked by recurrent depressive and manic episodes, circadian rhythm disruption, and changes in energetic metabolism. Metabolic jet lag refers to a state of shift in circadian patterns of energy homeostasis, affecting neuroendocrine, immune, and adipose tissue function, expressed through behavioral changes such as irregularities in sleep and appetite. […] Evidence suggests metabolic jet lag is a core component of BD pathophysiology, as individuals with BD frequently exhibit irregular eating rhythms and circadian desynchronization of their energetic metabolism, which is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. […] Metabolic jet lag constitutes a desynchronization between external cues and the temporal order of the main circadian clock and has been linked to a variety of detrimental health outcomes.

• #77 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a potentially chronic mental disorder marked by recurrent depressive and manic episodes, circadian rhythm disruption, and changes in energetic metabolism. Metabolic jet lag refers to a state of shift in circadian patterns of energy homeostasis, affecting neuroendocrine, immune, and adipose tissue function, expressed through behavioral changes such as irregularities in sleep and appetite. […] Evidence suggests metabolic jet lag is a core component of BD pathophysiology, as individuals with BD frequently exhibit irregular eating rhythms and circadian desynchronization of their energetic metabolism, which is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. […] Metabolic jet lag constitutes a desynchronization between external cues and the temporal order of the main circadian clock and has been linked to a variety of detrimental health outcomes.

• #78 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic jet lag. […] It is known that BD is a heritable mood disorder and recently it has been suggested that circadian disruption, a risk factor for BD, may also be heritable. […] The timing of energy intake is an important peripheral cue, influencing the regulation of circadian function. […] Eating rhythms have been shown to influence body weight and energy metabolism, even when the same amount of food is consumed because energy balance does not promote expenditure during the night hours and therefore calories are stored as fat. […] In addition, the prevalence of BD in mitochondrial diseases is about 20 times higher than in the general population. […] Current evidence suggests that mitochondria are both influenced by circadian rhythm and exert effects on biological rhythms.

• #79 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic jet lag. […] It is known that BD is a heritable mood disorder and recently it has been suggested that circadian disruption, a risk factor for BD, may also be heritable. […] The timing of energy intake is an important peripheral cue, influencing the regulation of circadian function. […] Eating rhythms have been shown to influence body weight and energy metabolism, even when the same amount of food is consumed because energy balance does not promote expenditure during the night hours and therefore calories are stored as fat. […] In addition, the prevalence of BD in mitochondrial diseases is about 20 times higher than in the general population. […] Current evidence suggests that mitochondria are both influenced by circadian rhythm and exert effects on biological rhythms.

• #80 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Metabolic abnormalities are significantly higher in BD compared to the general population and have been linked to unfavorable illness trajectories. […] The high prevalence and impact of metabolic dysfunction in individuals with BD support the view that metabolic jet lag may be a key aspect of the pathophysiology and disease progression. […] Individuals with BD routinely exhibit signs of metabolic jet lag, and more work is needed to determine the link between biological rhythms such as meal timing and disease progression.

• #81 The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/concept-of-metabolic-jet-lag-in-the-pathophysiology-of-bipolar-disorder-implications-for-research-and-clinical-care/51B49B133C09B249F6DD90F04F877B05

  Metabolic abnormalities are significantly higher in BD compared to the general population and have been linked to unfavorable illness trajectories. […] The high prevalence and impact of metabolic dysfunction in individuals with BD support the view that metabolic jet lag may be a key aspect of the pathophysiology and disease progression. […] Individuals with BD routinely exhibit signs of metabolic jet lag, and more work is needed to determine the link between biological rhythms such as meal timing and disease progression.

• #82 Jet lag disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027

  Jet lag occurs because your body’s internal clock is synced to your original time zone. It hasn’t changed to the time zone of where you’ve traveled. The more time zones crossed, the more likely you are to experience jet lag. […] Jet lag can occur anytime you cross two or more time zones. Crossing multiple time zones puts your internal clock out of sync with the time in your new locale. Your internal clock, also called circadian rhythms, regulates your sleep-wake cycle. […] A key influence on circadian rhythms is sunlight. Light affects the regulation of melatonin, a hormone that helps cells throughout the body work together. […] Some research shows that changes in cabin pressure and high altitudes associated with air travel may contribute to some symptoms of jet lag, regardless of travel across time zones.

• #83

  https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/how-to-work-with-jet-lag

  If a 1% difference in your work performance is going to matter, then jet lag matters, Zeitzer says. […] For him, it ultimately impacts a companys bottom line through missed opportunities and damaged reputation. […] Zeitzer similarly highlights that exhausting travel schedules negatively impact staff retention and sick leave, which can lead to costly recruitment processes and a hike in insurance premiums. […] Timeshifter lets you know when you should sleep, use caffeine, and get light exposure in the days prior and after traveling – as well as advising you as to when you can take melatonin if you wish to, which in Lockleys words is the only thing except light, which can help reset the circadian clock. […] McHardy believes there is also a big temptation to drink a lot of coffee and energy drinks to power on through, but by his own admission, when youre exhausted from jet lag, these just dont work and simply affect your sleep even more.

• #84

  https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/how-to-work-with-jet-lag

  Therefore, some people can have a cup of coffee in the morning and still have half a cup running around their brain at night when trying to sleep. […] Alcohol does not recapitulate normal restorative sleep – especially in large amounts. It causes dehydration, which fragments sleep. […] Zeitzer seconds this, stating that it might be that spending an extra couple hundred dollars is better for a worker and might tilt the scale to get that big contract.

• #85

  https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/how-to-work-with-jet-lag

  Therefore, some people can have a cup of coffee in the morning and still have half a cup running around their brain at night when trying to sleep. […] Alcohol does not recapitulate normal restorative sleep – especially in large amounts. It causes dehydration, which fragments sleep. […] Zeitzer seconds this, stating that it might be that spending an extra couple hundred dollars is better for a worker and might tilt the scale to get that big contract.

• #86

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-018-0973-8

  Thus internal rhythms are not only out of synchrony with the environment (external desynchronisation) but also out of synchrony with each other (internal desynchrony). […] The problem of treatment is not simple. […] However, circadian response to time-zone change depends on individual characteristics such as initial circadian status, tau and light sensitivity, the individual exposure to artificial and natural light in the aircraft, natural light at destination and thus the season (photoperiod), and departure and arrival time of the aircraft. […] Much effort has been devoted to finding an efficient method of alleviating jet lag with only partial success. […] A major problem is the (biological) time-dependency of chronobiotics, which may have opposite effects depending on internal circadian time of treatment.

• #87 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  The active agent metyrapone influences corticosterone synthesis and enables faster adaptation to altered circadian rhythms. […] The adrenal gland plays a key role in this process. When the researchers switched off the adrenal clock or manipulated the synthesis of corticosterone by the adrenal gland with the help of metyrapone, the rodents adapted more quickly to the altered circadian rhythm. […] The problems that arise with jet lag are a clear example of how external influences can disrupt our internal body clock. […] „The internal clocks and the clock genes adapt to the altered external influences at varying speeds,” says Gregor Eichele, Director of the Institutes Genes and Behaviour Department. „When an organism suffers from jet lag, it would appear that the entire clock mechanism fails to tick at the right rhythm. As a result, numerous physiological processes are no longer coordinated.”

• #88 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  The active agent metyrapone influences corticosterone synthesis and enables faster adaptation to altered circadian rhythms. […] The adrenal gland plays a key role in this process. When the researchers switched off the adrenal clock or manipulated the synthesis of corticosterone by the adrenal gland with the help of metyrapone, the rodents adapted more quickly to the altered circadian rhythm. […] The problems that arise with jet lag are a clear example of how external influences can disrupt our internal body clock. […] „The internal clocks and the clock genes adapt to the altered external influences at varying speeds,” says Gregor Eichele, Director of the Institutes Genes and Behaviour Department. „When an organism suffers from jet lag, it would appear that the entire clock mechanism fails to tick at the right rhythm. As a result, numerous physiological processes are no longer coordinated.”

• #89 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  The active agent metyrapone influences corticosterone synthesis and enables faster adaptation to altered circadian rhythms. […] The adrenal gland plays a key role in this process. When the researchers switched off the adrenal clock or manipulated the synthesis of corticosterone by the adrenal gland with the help of metyrapone, the rodents adapted more quickly to the altered circadian rhythm. […] The problems that arise with jet lag are a clear example of how external influences can disrupt our internal body clock. […] „The internal clocks and the clock genes adapt to the altered external influences at varying speeds,” says Gregor Eichele, Director of the Institutes Genes and Behaviour Department. „When an organism suffers from jet lag, it would appear that the entire clock mechanism fails to tick at the right rhythm. As a result, numerous physiological processes are no longer coordinated.”

• #90 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  As the Gttingen-based researchers discovered, the adrenal clock plays a key role in the bodys adaptation to a new circadian rhythm. […] The time-dependent release of corticosterone was crucial in enabling our rodents to adapt more quickly to the new time. […] The insights of the Gttingen scientists could produce an entirely new approach to the treatment of jet lag in the future.

• #91 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  As the Gttingen-based researchers discovered, the adrenal clock plays a key role in the bodys adaptation to a new circadian rhythm. […] The time-dependent release of corticosterone was crucial in enabling our rodents to adapt more quickly to the new time. […] The insights of the Gttingen scientists could produce an entirely new approach to the treatment of jet lag in the future.

• #92 Down with jet lag

  https://www.mpg.de/623745/pressRelease201006242

  As the Gttingen-based researchers discovered, the adrenal clock plays a key role in the bodys adaptation to a new circadian rhythm. […] The time-dependent release of corticosterone was crucial in enabling our rodents to adapt more quickly to the new time. […] The insights of the Gttingen scientists could produce an entirely new approach to the treatment of jet lag in the future.

• #93 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  Travel across multiple time zones results in desynchronization of environmental time cues and the sleep-wake schedule from their normal phase relationships with the endogenous circadian system. […] Circadian misalignment can result in poor neurobehavioral performance, decreased sleep efficiency, and inappropriately timed physiological signals including gastrointestinal activity and hormone release. […] One approach to reduce the short-term circadian, sleep-wake, and performance problems is to use mathematical models of the circadian pacemaker to design countermeasures that rapidly shift the circadian pacemaker to align with the new schedule. […] The key schedule design inputs are endogenous circadian period length, desired sleep-wake schedule, length of intervention, background light level, and countermeasure strength.

• #94 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  Travel across multiple time zones results in desynchronization of environmental time cues and the sleep-wake schedule from their normal phase relationships with the endogenous circadian system. […] Circadian misalignment can result in poor neurobehavioral performance, decreased sleep efficiency, and inappropriately timed physiological signals including gastrointestinal activity and hormone release. […] One approach to reduce the short-term circadian, sleep-wake, and performance problems is to use mathematical models of the circadian pacemaker to design countermeasures that rapidly shift the circadian pacemaker to align with the new schedule. […] The key schedule design inputs are endogenous circadian period length, desired sleep-wake schedule, length of intervention, background light level, and countermeasure strength.

• #95 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  Travel across multiple time zones results in desynchronization of environmental time cues and the sleep-wake schedule from their normal phase relationships with the endogenous circadian system. […] Circadian misalignment can result in poor neurobehavioral performance, decreased sleep efficiency, and inappropriately timed physiological signals including gastrointestinal activity and hormone release. […] One approach to reduce the short-term circadian, sleep-wake, and performance problems is to use mathematical models of the circadian pacemaker to design countermeasures that rapidly shift the circadian pacemaker to align with the new schedule. […] The key schedule design inputs are endogenous circadian period length, desired sleep-wake schedule, length of intervention, background light level, and countermeasure strength.

• #96 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  Travel across multiple time zones results in desynchronization of environmental time cues and the sleep-wake schedule from their normal phase relationships with the endogenous circadian system. […] Circadian misalignment can result in poor neurobehavioral performance, decreased sleep efficiency, and inappropriately timed physiological signals including gastrointestinal activity and hormone release. […] One approach to reduce the short-term circadian, sleep-wake, and performance problems is to use mathematical models of the circadian pacemaker to design countermeasures that rapidly shift the circadian pacemaker to align with the new schedule. […] The key schedule design inputs are endogenous circadian period length, desired sleep-wake schedule, length of intervention, background light level, and countermeasure strength.

• #97 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

• #98 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

• #99 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

• #100 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

• #101 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

• #102 Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000418

  The method presented in this paper has direct implications for designing jet lag, shift-work, and non-24-hour schedules, including scheduling for extreme environments, such as in space, undersea, or in polar regions. […] A well-known intervention to resynchronize an individual’s clock with the environment is appropriately timed light exposure. […] Essential to our approach is the use of mathematical models that simulate the body’s internal circadian clock and its effect on human performance. […] Our results include quicker design of multiple schedule alternatives and predictions of substantial performance improvements relative to no intervention. […] The CAM is an iterative technique that uses information about predicted circadian phase to determine placement of CMs such that the final result is robust and optimal. […] We have shown that a mathematical model of the effect of light on circadian phase and the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on performance can be used to automatically design light CMs to facilitate re-entrainment after a shift in schedule.

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