Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pancreatitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html

  Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Either form is serious and can lead to complications. […] Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and usually goes away in a few days with treatment. It is often caused by gallstones. Common symptoms are severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. […] Chronic pancreatitis does not heal or improve. It gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage. The most common cause is heavy alcohol use. Other causes include cystic fibrosis and other inherited disorders, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, some medicines, and autoimmune conditions. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and oily stools.

• #2 Pancreatitis: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/pancreatic-diseases/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, a large gland located behind the stomach. The pancreas produces digestion-related enzymes and the hormone insulin for blood sugar regulation. When enzymes build up in the pancreas, the flat, leaf-shaped organ begins to destruct and may gradually lose its functioning. […] There are several types of pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Symptoms of pancreatitis may be short-term (acute) or last for years (chronic), and flare-ups may range in intensity and frequency from moderate to severe. Common pancreatitis symptoms include abdominal pain radiating to the back, nausea, changes in stool, and jaundice. […] Symptoms of acute pancreatitis may include: Severe, steady pain in the upper/middle part of the abdomen, which often radiates into the back, Nausea/vomiting, Abdominal bloating and tenderness, Lower blood pressure, Low-grade fever, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes).

• #3 Pancreatitis – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is inflammation of your pancreas that is usually mild, but if severe, can be life threatening. […] In acute (sudden onset) pancreatitis you may have sudden, severe, upper abdominal (tummy) pain spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting. […] In chronic (ongoing) pancreatitis you may have longstanding mid-abdominal pain. […] Typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis include: sudden, severe upper abdominal pain, often spreading through to your back and eased by leaning forward, it often feels worse after eating, nausea and vomiting, fevers and sweating, rapid pulse, a tender abdomen (pain when your abdomen is touched). […] The most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis is long-standing pain in the middle of your abdomen. […] If you have chronic pancreatitis, you might get repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis, where your pain gets worse.

• #4 Pancreatitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20360227

  Pancreatitis can be an acute condition. This means it appears suddenly and generally lasts a short time. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term condition. The damage to the pancreas can get worse over time. […] Symptoms of pancreatitis may vary. Acute pancreatitis symptoms may include: Pain in the upper belly. Pain in the upper belly that radiates to the back. Tenderness when touching the belly. Fever. Rapid pulse. Upset stomach. Vomiting. […] Chronic pancreatitis signs and symptoms include: Pain in the upper belly. Belly pain that feels worse after eating. Losing weight without trying. Oily, smelly stools. […] Some people with chronic pancreatitis only develop symptoms after they get complications of the disease.

• #5 Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8103-pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is inflammation in your pancreas. Its usually temporary (acute) but can also be a life-long (chronic) condition. The most common symptom is abdominal pain. Inflammation causes swelling and pain. If you have pancreatitis, it might feel like stomach pain that spreads to your back. The primary symptom of pancreatitis is abdominal pain. Additional symptoms of acute pancreatitis may include: Nausea and vomiting. Fast heart rate. Fast, shallow breathing. Fever. Additional symptoms of chronic pancreatitis may include: Indigestion and pain after eating. Loss of appetite and unintended weight loss. Fatty poops that leave an oily film in the toilet. Lightheadedness (from low blood pressure). These are symptoms of your pancreatic functions beginning to break down. Abdominal pain from pancreatitis may be moderate to severe and may radiate to your back. Acute pancreatitis tends to be more severe, with a penetrating quality. Your abdomen may feel tender to the touch. With chronic pancreatitis, the pain may vary in intensity. It may come and go, but it typically doesnt go away completely. You may notice it more after eating. For some people, the pain is constant. When long-term, chronic pancreatitis begins to affect your pancreatic function, youll notice it in your digestive system first. When your pancreas can no longer make and deliver its digestive enzymes, your body wont be able to break down and absorb all the nutrients from your food. You may feel discomfort after eating and may begin passing undigested fats in your poop. Over time, you may notice weight loss. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term, progressive condition. It doesnt go away and gets worse over time. It happens when the injury or damage to your pancreas never stops. Chronic pancreatitis will eventually do lasting damage to your pancreas, although it may take many years. Constant inflammation causes scarring of your pancreas tissues (fibrosis), which stops them from making enzymes and hormones. Most cases of acute pancreatitis dont have complications, but 1 in 5 cases is more severe. Its not clear why severe acute pancreatitis occurs in some cases and not others. A severe case can lead to serious complications, including death. Chronic pancreatitis also causes complications, but they develop more slowly and arent directly life-threatening. Most complications are manageable with treatment. Chronic pancreatitis is a slow-progressing disease. With regular care, you can keep track of its progression and stay ahead of its complications. Pain management can become a challenge for some people, and it can also affect your mental health and quality of life. When this is the case, surgery might be an option. You can live without your pancreas, although it may make you insulin-dependent.

• #6 Pancreatitis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis symptoms include pain in your upper abdomen that may extend to your back, nausea and vomiting, fever, rapid pulse, and weight loss. […] Acute pancreatitis is short term and may go away in a few days with treatment. Chronic, or long-lasting, pancreatitis can get worse over time and cause lasting damage.

• #7 Acute Pancreatitis – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/pancreatitis/acute-pancreatitis

  Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation of the pancreas that may be mild or life threatening but usually subsides. […] Severe abdominal pain is the predominant symptom. […] Almost everyone with acute pancreatitis has severe abdominal pain in the upper abdomen. The pain penetrates to the back in about 50% of people. […] When acute pancreatitis is caused by gallstones, the pain usually starts suddenly and reaches its maximum intensity in minutes. When pancreatitis is caused by alcohol, pain typically develops over a few days. […] Whatever the cause, the pain then remains steady and severe, has a penetrating quality, and may persist for days. […] In acute pancreatitis, a person may develop some swelling in the upper abdomen. This swelling may occur because the intestinal contents have stopped moving, causing the intestines to swell (a condition called ileus).

• #8

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-pancreatitis/symptoms/

  The main symptom of acute pancreatitis is a severe pain that develops suddenly in the centre of your tummy. […] Other symptoms of acute pancreatitis include: feeling or being sick (vomiting), indigestion, a high temperature of 38C or more (fever), yellowing of the whites of the eyes, and yellowing of the skin although this may be less obvious on brown or black skin (jaundice), tenderness or swelling of the tummy, fast heartbeat (tachycardia) or rapid breathing. […] Acute pancreatitis caused by gallstones usually develops after eating a large meal. If the condition is caused by alcohol, the pain often develops 6 to 12 hours after drinking an excessive amount of alcohol.

• #9 Symptoms & Causes of Pancreatitis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes

  The main symptom of acute and chronic pancreatitis is pain in your upper abdomen that may spread to your back. […] Acute pancreatitis usually starts with pain that begins slowly or suddenly in your upper abdomen, sometimes spreads to your back, can be mild or severe, and may last for several days. […] Other symptoms may include fever, nausea and vomiting, fast heartbeat, and swollen or tender abdomen. […] People with acute pancreatitis usually look and feel seriously ill and need to see a doctor right away. […] Most people with chronic pancreatitis feel pain in the upper abdomen, although some people have no pain at all. […] The pain may spread to your back, become constant and severe, become worse after eating, and go away as your condition gets worse. […] People with chronic pancreatitis may not have symptoms until they have complications.

• #10 Acute pancreatitis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/acute-pancreatitis/

  Most people with acute pancreatitis improve within a week and experience no further problems, but severe cases can have serious complications and can even be fatal. […] The most common symptoms of acute pancreatitis include: suddenly getting severe pain in the centre of your abdomen (tummy), feeling or being sick, diarrhoea. […] The main symptom of acute pancreatitis is a severe, dull pain around the top of your stomach that develops suddenly. […] This aching pain often gets steadily worse and can travel along your back or below your left shoulder blade. Eating or drinking may also make you feel worse very quickly, especially fatty foods. […] Other symptoms of acute pancreatitis can include: nausea (feeling sick) or vomiting, diarrhoea, indigestion, a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above, jaundice yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, tenderness or swelling of the abdomen (tummy).

• #11 Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatments, Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-pancreatitis

  Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include moderate to severe pain in the upper part of your belly that goes into your back. Eating may make it worse, especially foods high in fat. […] Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis are similar to those of the acute form. But you may also have constant pain in your upper belly that radiates to your back. This pain may be disabling. Diarrhea and weight loss may occur because your pancreas isn’t releasing enough enzymes to break down food. Upset stomach and vomiting may also be present. Fatty, oily stools that smell especially bad and leave a film in the toilet are another symptom. […] The main early sign of pancreatitis is pain in the upper belly that comes on suddenly and lingers, along with nausea and vomiting. The pain may spread to your back, and you may have yellowing (jaundice) of your skin and the whites of your eyes.

• #12

  https://www.nuhs.edu.sg/patient-care/find-a-condition/pancreatitis

  Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis: Upper abdominal pain […] Abdominal pain that radiates to your back […] Abdominal pain that feels worse after eating […] Abdominal pain that is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or curling into a ball […] Nausea […] Vomiting […] Tenderness when touching the abdomen. Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis: Upper abdominal pain […] Indigestion […] Unexplained weight loss […] Oily, smelly stools (steatorrhoea).

• #13 PANCREATITIS – A Patient’s Guide – Family Doctor

  https://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/bowel-and-abdominal-problems/pancreatitis-a-patients-guide/

  Pancreatitis is described as acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis is a condition from which the sufferer (usually) recovers, because the condition is self-limited and the pancreatic tissue returns to normal; nevertheless, acute pancreatitis may recur after a period of full recovery. […] In contrast, with chronic pancreatitis the pancreatic tissue never returns to its normal state and the sufferer has ongoing illness and continued symptoms. It may be difficult in the first instance to distinguish between a case of acute pancreatitis and the first manifestations of chronic pancreatitis. […] In both acute and chronic pancreatitis, the cardinal symptom is upper abdominal pain. Typically the pain is central, continuous, 'boring’ in nature, and radiates through to the back. It is often worse when lying down, and partly relieved by sitting forward. The pain usually builds up to a peak over half to one hour, and then remains steady for hours or days. There is usually associated nausea and vomiting, and the upper abdomen is often tender.

• #14

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis develops when the pancreas becomes inflamed. […] Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic, and each type has slightly different symptoms. Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation that lasts just a few days. It usually requires emergency pancreatitis treatment, medical care and hospitalization. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. […] Repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis can lead to chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is long-lasting inflammation that develops over years and can lead to scarring, loss of normal pancreatic functioning, gallstones or diabetes. Always see your doctor for abdominal pain that doesnt get better. […] People with acute pancreatitis usually look and feel seriously ill and need to see a doctor right away. […] Pain in the upper abdomen that becomes worse after eating, especially fatty foods. […] Unexplained weight loss. […] Indigestion. […] Diarrhea. […] Oily, smelly stools.

• #15 Acute Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/gallstones-and-bile/acute-pancreatitis

  Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that develops quickly. The main symptom is abdominal pain. It usually settles in a few days but sometimes it becomes severe and very serious. […] People with acute pancreatitis tend to experience the following symptoms: Abdominal pain, just below the ribs, is the usual main symptom. It usually builds up quickly (over a few hours) and may last for several days. The pain can become severe and often spreads through to the back. The pain may be sudden and intense, or it may begin as a mild pain that is aggravated by eating and slowly grows worse. It is occasionally possible to have acute pancreatitis without any pain; this is more common in people with diabetes or kidney problems. […] If the pancreatitis becomes severe and other organs become involved (for example, the heart, lungs or kidneys) then various other symptoms may develop. Dehydration and low blood pressure may develop.

• #16 Acute Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/gallstones-and-bile/acute-pancreatitis

  Acute pancreatitis can cause people to become extremely unwell and can be life-threatening. […] In most pancreatitis cases (about 4 in 5), the inflammation is mild and settles within a week or so. Symptoms may be bad for a few days but then settle and the pancreas fully recovers. […] In some pancreatitis cases (about 1 in 5), the inflammation quickly becomes severe. Parts of the pancreas and surrounding tissues may die (necrose). Pancreatic enzymes and chemicals may get into the bloodstream and cause inflammation and damage to other organs in the body. This can lead to shock and organ failure such as respiratory failure, kidney failure and other complications. This is a very serious situation which can be fatal. […] Acute pancreatitis is classified as mild if no complications develop (about 4 in 5 cases). In these cases the outlook is very good and full recovery is usual. Severe acute pancreatitis (about 1 in 5 cases) means that one or more complications develop. Despite intensive care treatment, the mortality rate of people with severe acute pancreatitis is around a quarter.

• #17 Acute Pancreatitis – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/pancreatitis/acute-pancreatitis

  Organ failure can occur in acute pancreatitis because damage to the pancreas may permit activated enzymes and toxins such as cytokines to enter the bloodstream and cause low blood pressure and damage to other organs such as the lungs and kidneys. […] In acute pancreatitis, a CT scan helps determine the outlook or prognosis. If the scan indicates that the pancreas is only mildly swollen, the prognosis is excellent. If the scan shows large areas of destroyed pancreas, the prognosis is usually poor. […] When acute pancreatitis causes severe damage, or when the inflammation is not confined to the pancreas, the death rate can be high.

• #18 Acute Pancreatitis – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/pancreatitis/acute-pancreatitis

  Some people, especially those who develop acute pancreatitis because of alcohol use, may never develop any symptoms other than moderate to severe pain. Other people feel terrible. They look sick and are sweaty and have a fast pulse (100 to 140 beats a minute) and shallow, rapid breathing. […] At first, body temperature may be normal, but it may increase in a few hours to between 100 F and 101 F (37.7 C and 38.3 C). Blood pressure is usually low and tends to fall when the person stands, causing lightheadedness. […] Occasionally, the whites of the eyes (sclera) become yellowish. […] The main complications of acute pancreatitis are pancreatic pseudocyst, necrotizing pancreatitis, infection of the pancreas, and organ failure. […] In necrotizing pancreatitis, parts of the pancreas may die and body fluid may escape into the abdominal cavity, which decreases blood volume and results in a large drop in blood pressure, possibly causing shock and organ failure. Severe acute pancreatitis can be life threatening.

• #19 Chronic Pancreatitis – Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://allieddigestivehealth.com/chronic-pancreatitis-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Chronic Pancreatitis is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas, an organ behind the stomach that produces enzymes aiding digestion and hormones managing blood sugar. This condition occurs when the pancreas becomes permanently damaged from inflammation over time, leading to difficulty in digestion and blood sugar control. […] Symptoms include upper abdominal pain, weight loss due to malabsorption, and diarrhea. Chronic Pancreatitis manifests through a series of symptoms that might vary from patient to patient. However, some common signs include persistent upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, often worsening after eating. Unexplained weight loss is another frequent symptom due to the body’s inability to digest and absorb nutrients properly. Individuals may also experience oily, smelly stools (steatorrhea) due to fat malabsorption.

• #20 Pancreatitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can either be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic (ongoing). […] Acute pancreatitis is a sudden, debilitating attack of severe upper abdominal pain. […] Common symptoms of an acute attack include: severe abdominal pain, often spreading through into the back, bloating, fever, sweating, nausea, vomiting, collapse. […] Chronic pancreatitis typically involves recurring bouts of pancreatic inflammation, often even when known triggers are eliminated. […] Other symptoms include steady weight loss, caused by the body’s inability to properly digest and absorb food. […] Some people with chronic pancreatitis suffer recurrent or even constant abdominal pain, which may be severe. […] The damage to the pancreas is typically permanent.

• #21 Patient education: Chronic pancreatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-pancreatitis-beyond-the-basics/print

  PANCREATITIS SYMPTOMS […] The most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis is long-standing pain in the middle of the abdomen. You may also have episodes when the pancreas suddenly becomes inflamed and your pain suddenly worsens (called acute pancreatitis). […] People with chronic pancreatitis can have difficulty digesting fats in foods; this can lead to weight loss and occasionally diarrhea. In severe cases, the pancreas loses its ability to produce enough insulin, leading to diabetes. […] Abdominal pain — Abdominal pain usually occurs in the upper abdomen, often spreads to the back, may be relieved by sitting up or leaning forward, and may be associated with nausea and vomiting. The pain is often worse 15 to 30 minutes after a meal. However, up to 20 percent of people with chronic pancreatitis do not have any pain at all.

• #22 Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/digestion-and-metabolic-health/chronic-pancreatitis/symptoms.html

  Most people with chronic pancreatitis experience upper abdominal pain, although some people have no pain at all. The pain may spread to the back, feel worse when eating or drinking, and become constant and disabling. In some cases, abdominal pain goes away as the condition worsens, most likely because the pancreas is no longer making digestive enzymes. […] Other chronic pancreatitis symptoms include: Nausea, Vomiting, Weight loss, Diarrhea, Oily stools. […] People with chronic pancreatitis often lose weight, even when their appetite and eating habits are normal. The weight loss occurs because the body does not secrete enough pancreatic enzymes to digest food, so nutrients are not absorbed normally. Poor digestion leads to malnutrition due to excretion of fat in the stool.

• #23 Chronic Pancreatitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/chronic-pancreatitis.html

  Your pancreas is an organ with many important functions. It makes enzymes that help you digest food. It also makes insulin to keep your blood sugar levels under control. […] Short-term (acute) pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of your pancreas. This can be very painful. You may have nausea, vomiting, and fever. If your acute pancreatitis doesnt get better and slowly gets worse, you may have chronic pancreatitis. […] Early symptoms of chronic pancreatitis are similar to acute pancreatitis. Symptoms are occasional and include: […] Pain in the upper belly that spreads into the back […] Pain in the belly that gets worse when you eat or drink alcohol […] Diarrhea or oily stools that are unusually foul smelling and light colored […] Nausea and vomiting […] Severe belly (abdominal) pain that may be constant or that comes back

• #24 Long-term view for chronic pancreatitis | I.M. Matters from ACP

  https://immattersacp.org/archives/2014/01/pancreatitis.htm

  Chronic pancreatitis accounts for more than 122,000 outpatient visits and more than 56,000 hospitalizations every year in the U.S., according to guidance published by the Cleveland Clinic. But unlike acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis is not so easily diagnosed. […] In many cases, lifestyle changes that slow the progression of chronic pancreatitis will also alleviate pain. […] In chronic pancreatitis, pain may be dull, continual or episodic with relation to eating, and it may change or even disappear over time. Pain can occur early in the course of the disease, before structural abnormalities in the pancreas become apparent via imaging. […] Because the other symptoms of chronic pancreatitis, such as pain, early satiety, nausea, diarrhea, oily stools, weight loss, jaundice, and malabsorption of nutrients, vitamins and fats, overlap with several gastrointestinal conditions, it’s best to refer patients to a gastroenterologist early in the process, said Michael L. Kochman, MD, FACP, Wilmott Family Professor of Medicine and vice chair of medicine for clinical services at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

• #25 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Pain: Symptoms, Causes, How to Treat

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pancreatitis/article_em.htm

  Symptoms of acute pancreatitis most commonly begin with abdominal pain in the middle or upper left part of the abdomen and abdominal pain may increase after eating or lying flat on the back. Other symptoms may include nausea, fever, rapid heartbeat, and dehydration. […] Severe acute pancreatitis symptoms and signs may show skin discoloration around the belly button or the side of the body between the ribs and hip (flank), or small erythematous skin nodules. […] Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis may or may not include abdominal pain that may include bleeding due to anemia, liver problems (jaundice), weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and inability to produce insulin resulting in diabetes. […] Pain is less common in chronic pancreatitis than in acute pancreatitis. Some people have pain, but many people do not experience abdominal pain. For those people who do have pain, the pain is usually constant and may be disabling; however, the pain often goes away as the condition worsens. This lack of pain is a bad sign because it probably means that the pancreas has stopped working.

• #26 Chronic Pancreatitis – National Pancreas Foundation

  https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/chronic-pancreatitis/

  Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive disorder associated with the destruction of the pancreas. The disease is more common in men and usually develops in persons between 30 and 40 years of age. Initially, chronic pancreatitis may be confused with acute pancreatitis because the symptoms are similar. […] Most individuals with chronic pancreatitis experience upper abdominal pain, although some have no pain at all. The pain may spread to the back, become worse with eating or drinking and become constant and disabling. In some cases, the abdominal pain goes away as the condition worsens, but this is uncommon. […] Other symptoms may include: upper abdominal pain, oily or fatty stools, clay-colored or pale stools, greasy, foul-smelling stools, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss. […] People with chronic pancreatitis may not have symptoms until they have complications.

• #27 Chronic Pancreatitis – National Pancreas Foundation

  https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/chronic-pancreatitis/

  Individuals with chronic pancreatitis frequently lose weight, even when their appetite and eating habits are normal. The weight loss occurs because the body does not secrete enough pancreatic enzymes to digest food, so nutrients are not absorbed normally, leading to malnutrition. Patients who have chronic pancreatitis may have a decreased quality of life due to pain and often require admission to the hospital for treatment of symptoms. […] Seek care right away for the following symptoms of severe pancreatitis: pain or tenderness in the abdomen that is severe or becomes worse, nausea and vomiting, fever or chills, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes, called jaundice. […] These symptoms may be a sign of serious infection, inflammation, blockage of the pancreas, gallbladder, or a bile and pancreatic duct. […] Left untreated, these problems can be fatal.

• #28 Pancreatitis – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/pain/pancreatitis/

  Most people with chronic (ongoing) pancreatitis have episodes of abdominal pain that come and go. Each episode may last for hours, days or even weeks at a time, then settle down. […] Over time, people with chronic pancreatitis suffer long-term damage to the pancreas. This can lead to other symptoms. For example, the pancreas produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. Permanent damage to the pancreas means that it might not be able to produce these hormones normally, leading to the development of diabetes. […] If your pancreas is not able to make enough digestive enzymes to properly digest food, fat and other nutrients cannot be absorbed from your intestine, resulting in fatty stools, weight loss and malnutrition. […] Most people who get mild acute pancreatitis recover within a week. However, it can be severe and cause serious problems in some people and may even lead to death. Some people will have further episodes of acute pancreatitis. Each time the pancreas becomes inflamed, there is a risk that it will become permanently damaged.

• #29 Patient education: Chronic pancreatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-pancreatitis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Poor pancreatic function — The pancreas normally helps to digest food and control blood sugar levels. In people with chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas may not function normally, leading to difficulty processing fat in the diet (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency). This can cause loose, greasy, foul-smelling stools that are difficult to flush. This can lead to vitamin and nutrient deficiencies, including weight loss. These symptoms do not usually develop until the pancreas loses about 90 percent of its function. In addition, diabetes may develop after years of chronic pancreatitis (endocrine insufficiency). […] […] […] Surgery — Surgery is usually reserved for people with chronic pancreatitis who have pain that does not respond to other treatments. The best time to have surgery is debated. Some studies suggest that early surgery slows the progression of chronic pancreatitis, while others suggest that the condition worsens even in people who have surgery early.

• #30 Pancreatitis – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pancreatitis

  Your pain may get worse with eating, drinking and drinking alcohol. […] You may also develop jaundice. […] If you have chronic pancreatitis, you can have trouble digesting food, particularly fats, because of your lack of digestive juices. […] This can lead to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and other symptoms including: diarrhoea, weight loss, loose, greasy, foul-smelling stools. […] In severe cases, your pancreas may not produce enough insulin, leading to diabetes. […] Chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

• #31 Chronic Pancreatitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/chronic-pancreatitis.html

  Weight loss. […] Chronic pancreatitis causes severe damage to your pancreas. This means that your body won’t be able to make needed enzymes and hormones. This can result in malnutrition, because you won’t be able to digest foods. Chronic pancreatitis can also cause diabetes. This happens because your pancreas can’t make insulin. Insulin controls blood sugar. […] Chronic pancreatitis damages the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. This may cause these complications: […] Diabetes. […] Day-to-day treatment includes: […] Insulin, if you develop diabetes. […] If you have been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis, your healthcare provider may suggest these lifestyle changes: […] Dont drink alcoholic drinks. […] If you have been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis, your healthcare provider may suggest lifestyle changes.

• #32 Long-term view for chronic pancreatitis | I.M. Matters from ACP

  https://immattersacp.org/archives/2014/01/pancreatitis.htm

  Patients who have had prior, recurrent acute pancreatitis are at increased risk for chronic pancreatitis. […] Depending on the severity of the attacks of acute pancreatitis, there can be damage to the small or main ducts in the pancreas that lead to scarring and other changes [that lead to chronic pancreatitis], said Dr. Kochman. […] Although chronic pancreatitis is not reversible, patients can help prevent progression by avoiding behavior that can worsen it, notably alcohol consumption and smoking, Dr. Gress said, noting that smoking is an independent risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. […] Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at increased risk for conditions related to deficiencies in vitamins A, D and E, particularly bone loss due to vitamin D malabsorption. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer in these patients is usually about 5- to 10-fold that of people without chronic pancreatitis, especially in patients who have had chronic pancreatitis for more than 10 years, Dr. Gress said.

• #33 A Guide to Pancreatitis

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/health-plus/article/pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis refers to an inflammation of the pancreas. It can be acute or chronic and is commonly caused by a blockage in the bile duct due to gallstones or heavy alcohol consumption. […] Acute pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed over a short period of time, leading to severe abdominal pain. The severity of acute pancreatitis can vary from mild to life threatening. […] Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly inflamed over an extended period of time, usually several years. In severe cases, it can result in problems with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to issues with digestion, as well as diabetes. […] The symptoms associated with acute pancreatitis include: Severe pain in your upper abdomen, often spreading to the back, Pain in the abdomen after eating, Nausea and vomiting, High fever (if an infected collection or bile duct stone develops), High pulse rate. […] Patients with chronic pancreatitis may experience: Unintended weight loss, Fatty stools (floating and foul-smelling), Jaundice (yellowish discolouration of the eyes).

• #34 Long-term view for chronic pancreatitis | I.M. Matters from ACP

  https://immattersacp.org/archives/2014/01/pancreatitis.htm

  Diabetes is one of the cardinal symptoms of chronic pancreatitis. Diabetes is seen in 20% to 60% patients with chronic pancreatitis. […] Patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with familial chronic pancreatitis require special consideration, said Dr. Gress, noting that in these populations, chronic pancreatitis is largely a manifestation of genetic mutation. […] Regardless of cause, complexity or patient population, internists treating chronic pancreatitis should work in tandem with specialists throughout the disease course, said Dr. Tenner.

• #35 Acute vs. chronic pancreatitis: Differences and similarities

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/acute-vs-chronic-pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It can be either acute, producing temporary symptoms, or chronic, leading to long-term damage. […] Acute pancreatitis is the active form of pancreatitis, in which the symptoms come on suddenly. A person may experience severe stomach pain, alongside nausea and vomiting. […] Chronic pancreatitis may produce symptoms similar to those of acute pancreatitis, but it has distinct symptoms and risks. […] Acute pancreatitis causes a sudden bout of active inflammation in the pancreas. This inflammation may cause a few symptoms, such as stomach pain, pain that comes on suddenly or intensifies quickly, pain that radiates from the abdomen to the back, pain that gets worse after a meal, a tender, swollen abdomen, fever, and fast resting heart rate. […] Chronic pancreatitis causes constant or regular bouts of stomach pain. This pain may not go away completely, or it may come and go. Other symptoms may include pain that gets worse after a meal, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, excessive thirst, changes in skin color, unintentional weight loss, malnutrition, greasy or oily stools, and fibrosis or scarring on the pancreas.

• #36 Progression of alcoholic acute to chronic pancreatitis. | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/35/4/552

  Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis usually progresses from acute attacks to chronic pancreatitis within one to 19 years. […] The yearly incidence of acute attacks of pancreatitis was significantly higher in groups (a) and (b) than in group (c). Furthermore, the progression rate to advanced chronic pancreatitis (groups (a) and (b)) correlated with the incidence of severe pancreatitis (associated with pseudocysts in more than 55%). […] In conclusion, these data suggest that the progression of acute to chronic pancreatitis is closely related to the incidence and severity of acute attacks.

• #37 Symptoms & Causes of Pancreatitis – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes

  Other symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea, greasy, foul-smelling stools, vomiting, and weight loss. […] Seek care right away for the following symptoms of severe pancreatitis: pain or tenderness in the abdomen that is severe or becomes worse, nausea and vomiting, fever or chills, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, and yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes, called jaundice. […] Left untreated, these problems can be fatal.

• #38 Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatitis

  Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that comes back consistently or occurs over a long period of time. […] People with chronic pancreatitis can have permanent damage to their pancreas and other complications. […] Pancreatitis can damage cells that produce insulin. […] When pancreatitis damages these cells, it leads to diabetes in about 45 percent of people with chronic pancreatitis. […] Severe cases of acute pancreatitis can develop into necrotizing pancreatitis, which refers to the death of cells due to disease. […] Most people who have acute or chronic pancreatitis usually experience middle-left upper abdominal pain as their primary symptom. […] Some people who have chronic pancreatitis may show inflammation on diagnostic imaging scans, but they may show no symptoms otherwise. […] Pain associated with pancreatitis may last from a few minutes to several hours at a time. In severe cases, discomfort from chronic pancreatitis could become constant.

• #39 Symptoms of Pancreatitis: Pain and Other Complications | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pancreatitis/guide/symptoms/

  The pain of chronic pancreatitis takes two forms. In the first kind, the pain may come and go, flaring up for several hours or several weeks, with no discomfort in between flare-ups. In the second, the pain is steady and debilitating. […] Acute pancreatitis is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. […] Severe pancreatitis, which occurs in 15 to 20 percent of acute pancreatitis cases, can lead to multiple complications. […] The first stage of severe pancreatitis is marked by organ failure that doesn’t subside on its own within 48 hours. […] Respiratory problems caused by organ failure are the most frequent complications of acute pancreatitis. […] In severe pancreatitis, the tissues in the pancreas die this is called pancreatic necrosis and often become infected. […] Other complications of severe pancreatitis include: Hemorrhaging (bleeding), Obstruction of the common bile duct, Peritonitis, an inflammation of the tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen (the peritoneum), Rupturing of the pancreatic duct, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Acute lung injury.

• #40 Acute pancreatitis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/acute-pancreatitis/

  People with mild acute pancreatitis tend to improve within a week and experience either no further problems or problems that resolve within 48 hours. People with severe acute pancreatitis develop persistent serious problems. […] In severe cases, complications can develop that require specific additional treatment and you’ll need to be admitted to a high dependency unit or intensive care unit (ICU). In these cases, recovery may take much longer, and the condition can be fatal. […] Infected pancreatic necrosis usually develops 2 to 6 weeks after the symptoms of acute pancreatitis starts. Symptoms include increased abdominal pain and a high temperature. The infection is treated with injections of antibiotics, and the dead tissue needs to be removed to prevent the infection returning. […] Another common complication of severe acute pancreatitis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS develops in an estimated 1 in 10 severe cases of acute pancreatitis. […] If you have repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis, the damage to your pancreas may lead to chronic pancreatitis.

• #41 Pancreatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatitis

  Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe. In acute pancreatitis, a fever may occur; symptoms typically resolve in a few days. In chronic pancreatitis, weight loss, fatty stool, and diarrhea may occur. Complications may include infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, or problems with other organs. […] The most common symptoms of pancreatitis are severe upper abdominal or left upper quadrant burning pain radiating to the back, nausea, and vomiting that is worse with eating. […] Severe acute pancreatitis has mortality rates around 29%, higher where necrosis of the pancreas has occurred.

• #42 Pancreatitis (Acute & Chronic): Symptoms, Treatment, Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pancreatitis/article.htm

  Complications of pancreatitis may include: Diabetes: Damage to the pancreas can lead to diabetes due to the disruption in the secretion of insulin, Pseudocyst formation: During acute pancreatitis, fluid, and debris can collect in and around the pancreas. If rupture of this fluid-containing sac occurs, severe pain, infection, and internal bleeding can result, Malnutrition: Damage to the pancreas can lead to a decrease or absence of digestive enzymes produced, which can affect the absorption of various nutrients. This may lead to malnutrition and unintentional weight loss, Pancreatic cancer: Chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer, Infection: Individuals with pancreatitis are at risk for the development of infection, which can lead to multi-organ failure, sepsis, and ultimately death.

• #43 Chronic Pancreatitis – Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://allieddigestivehealth.com/chronic-pancreatitis-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Other symptoms could include nausea, vomiting, and a tendency to develop diabetes, as the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas may be damaged. It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience any of these symptoms. […] Chronic Pancreatitis, if not appropriately managed, can lead to several complications that can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. One common complication is Pancreatic Insufficiency, where the pancreas can no longer produce enough enzymes for proper digestion, leading to malnutrition and weight loss. […] There’s also an increased risk of developing diabetes, as damage to the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas can result in reduced insulin production. Chronic Pancreatitis can also cause Pancreatic Pseudocysts — fluid-filled sacs that can rupture and cause infection or internal bleeding.

• #44 Chronic Pancreatitis | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/chronic-pancreatitis

  Another common symptom is weight loss. This is due in part to not being able to absorb nutrition. In some cases, children avoid eating because it aggravates painful symptoms. Sometimes, pancreatitis can cause a loss of appetite, which leads to weight loss. […] Not all children who experience acute episodes of pancreatitis will develop chronic pancreatitis, but some will. […] Unfortunately, chronic pancreatitis is a lifelong condition, although symptoms sometimes come and go. Patients should see their doctor on a regular basis to evaluate their condition, ensure that they are getting enough nutrition and discuss treatment options.

• #45 Pancreatitis: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/pancreatic-diseases/pancreatitis

  Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis may include: Abdominal pain, Nausea/vomiting, Bloating, Onset of diabetes mellitus, Diarrhea and oily stools, Unexplained weight loss. […] Symptoms of severe pancreatitis that require immediate medical attention may include: Severe pain/tenderness in the abdomen, Fever/chills, Nausea and vomiting, Fast heart rate, Shortness of breath, Jaundice. […] There are several complications of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatitis can be serious and even life-threatening if left untreated and may increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer.

• #46 Chronic Pancreatitis | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/chronic-pancreatitis

  Chronic pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that worsens over time. It causes scarring and permanent damage to the pancreas. […] Over time, this tissue damage can become permanent. The ability to digest food is impaired and the pancreas cannot produce enough enzymes to help control blood sugar. At this point, the pancreatitis is considered chronic. […] Chronic pancreatitis begins with multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis. These episodes typically involve intense upper abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea. […] The most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis is pain in the upper belly that is much worse than a typical bellyache. A child may describe it as severe or have trouble standing or sitting upright. The pain can be constant, come and go, and worsen after eating, especially after eating foods that are high in fat.

• #47 Acute and chronic pancreatitis – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/breaking-down-pancreatitis

  Simply put, pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Located behind the stomach in the upper abdomen, your pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate how your body produces sugar. […] Pancreatitis can occur in two forms — acute and chronic. […] More people experience an acute form of pancreatitis, which appears suddenly. Mild cases of pancreatitis can typically be resolved in days with treatment. Severe cases of acute pancreatitis can cause life-threatening conditions, such as kidney and lung failure. […] Acute pancreatitis symptoms include: Severe upper abdominal pain, Abdominal pain that extends to your back and shoulders, Yellowing of the skin, Tender abdomen, Nausea and vomiting, Fever. […] Chronic pancreatitis that occurs over many years can damage your pancreas and lead to chronic pancreatitis. It causes permanent damage and scarring of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis can lead to weight loss, pain, diabetes and pancreatic cancer. […] Chronic pancreatitis symptoms include: Upper abdominal pain, Indigestion, Abdominal pain that worsens after eating, Unexpected weight loss, Oily, smelly stools called steatorrhea, Jaundice, which is yellowing of the eyes and skin, Development of diabetes.

• #48 Acute Pancreatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/acute-pancreatitis

  Most patients with acute pancreatitis may experience: […] Sudden onset of severe pain in the upper abdomen. […] Abdominal pain radiating to the back. […] Abdominal pain alleviated by leaning forward. […] People with gallstone pancreatitis may have preceding gallstone-related symptoms: […] Pain in the right upper abdomen, radiating to the right back, scapula, or right shoulder. […] The pain is colicky and intense. […] Nausea and vomiting. […] Abdominal pain after a meal, especially a fatty meal.

• #49 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17936-autoimmune-pancreatitis

  In its early stages, autoimmune pancreatitis doesnt always cause symptoms. As it progresses, your pancreas ducts may narrow, preventing the release of enzymes. […] Blockage of the pancreas duct can result in: Upper abdominal pain. Middle back pain. Diarrhea. Nausea/vomiting. Weight loss. […] Autoimmune pancreatitis can also cause swelling and non-cancerous growths in your pancreas and fluid collections (cysts) in or around your pancreas. If the swelling, growths or cysts occur in the head of your pancreas, they can block the portion of the bile duct (tube) that runs through your pancreas, preventing passage of bile into your small intestine. […] Chronic (long-term) inflammation of your pancreas can result in nausea, weight loss and chronic upper abdominal and back pain. Damage to the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas can lead to diabetes. […] Autoimmune pancreatitis often comes back (relapses). This is more common in people with Type 1. Relapses are likely in the first three years after diagnosis. A person with relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis is more likely to experience complications.

• #50 Can Gastric Pain Be a Symptom of Pancreatitis?

  https://curasia.com/can-gastric-pain-be-a-symptom-of-pancreatitis/

  Gastric pain is a common complaint, often associated with issues like indigestion, ulcers, or acid reflux. However, there are instances where gastric pain may indicate a more serious underlying condition, such as pancreatitis. […] Because gastric pain can be a symptom of pancreatitis, its essential to understand the connection between the two and recognize when this pain warrants medical attention. […] When gastric pain is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms such as vomiting, fever, or jaundice, it may signal a more serious condition, such as pancreatitis. […] Yes, gastric pain can indeed be a symptom of pancreatitis. However, the nature of the pain associated with pancreatitis differs from the typical gastric discomfort experienced in common digestive conditions. The pain from pancreatitis is usually more severe, persistent, and may be accompanied by other alarming symptoms.

• #51 Can Gastric Pain Be a Symptom of Pancreatitis?

  https://curasia.com/can-gastric-pain-be-a-symptom-of-pancreatitis/

  The pain associated with pancreatitis often starts in the upper abdomen, just below the ribs. It may initially feel like gastric pain, but the intensity is typically much greater. The pain can radiate to the back or shoulders and may worsen after eating, particularly after consuming fatty or greasy foods. […] Unlike typical gastric pain, which can be sharp or burning, pancreatitis pain is often described as a deep, constant, and severe ache. It tends to persist for hours or even days without relief, and over-the-counter pain relievers are generally ineffective. […] In addition to gastric pain, pancreatitis often presents with other symptoms that can help differentiate it from less serious conditions. These may include nausea and vomiting, fever, a rapid heartbeat, abdominal swelling or tenderness, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Chronic pancreatitis may also lead to unintended weight loss, malabsorption of nutrients, and diabetes.

• #52 Can Gastric Pain Be a Symptom of Pancreatitis?

  https://curasia.com/can-gastric-pain-be-a-symptom-of-pancreatitis/

  The severity, persistence, and associated symptoms of the pain are key factors in distinguishing pancreatitis from other causes of gastric pain. […] If you experience intense or prolonged gastric pain that does not respond to standard treatments, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or jaundice, its important to seek medical evaluation promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis are essential for preventing complications and promoting recovery.

• #53 How We Diagnose and Treat Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/blog/chronic-pancreatitis

  In severe cases, pancreatitis attacks can lead to unintended weight loss and severe dehydration, made worse by the fact that you may not be able to drink water and get rehydrated without vomiting again. If you notice these symptoms, get to an emergency room as soon as possible for treatment. […] Without proper care, chronic pancreatitis can lead to serious problems, such as severe pain and malnutrition. Over the long term, people with this condition are at risk for developing diabetes and pancreatic cancer. […] If we find that you have chronic pancreatitis, it’s something you’ll have to manage for the rest of your life. The pancreas is permanently damaged, and it can’t heal itself. So you’ll have to take steps to reduce the stress placed on the pancreas. […] Chronic pancreatitis can have serious and long-lasting effects. But with lifestyle changes and effective treatments, patients with this condition can reduce their pain and live a more normal life.

Zobacz więcej