Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epididymitis – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/mens-health/epididymitis

  Epididymitis is a common urological disease in men and is the most common cause for scrotal pain. […] You may be able to lower your risk of epididymitis by: […] Being vaccinated with the mumps vaccine. […] Being in a monogamous sexual relationship. […] Practicing safe sex, including use of a condom.

• #2 Epididymitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430814/

  Patients with epididymitis caused by the sexually transmitted disease should refrain from sexual intercourse until asymptomatic, should consider safe sex practices to reduce the chance of re-infection, and should refer sexual contacts to their primary care provider or to their local health department for evaluation and treatment. […] Patients with epididymitis should be educated about safe sex practice. In addition, these patients should be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids to flush the genitourinary tract and be compliant with antibiotic therapy.

• #3 Epididymitis (Testicle Infection) Diagnosis, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/testicle_infection_epididymitis/article_em.htm

  How Can You Prevent Epididymitis? […] For men younger than 39 years of age, the cause is usually a sexually related disease. If one partner is infected, the other partner should be evaluated and potentially treated as well. Otherwise, the patient may become reinfected. Other prevention methods are as follows: abstinence (no sexual relations); condom use (reduces chances for infection by about 90%); monogamy with only one uninfected sex partner; preventing child abuse in pediatric patients; and mumps vaccination. […] For men older than 39 years of age, good hygiene is suggested for those who are uncircumcised to help prevent urethral and bladder infections.

• #4 Epididymitis And Orchitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/epididymitis-and-orchitis-a-to-z

  You can reduce your risk of developing epididymitis caused by STDs. Practice safe sex. Have sex with only one, uninfected partner. Use latex or polyurethane condoms during every sexual activity. This includes oral and anal sex.

• #5 What Is Epididymitis?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/mens-health/epididymitis

  Epididymitis can be prevented by: […] Avoiding unprotected anal sex. […] Limiting the number of sexual partners. […] Getting vaccinated for tuberculosis. […] Getting screened for STIs(sexually transmitted infections) biannually. […] Circumcision of the penis also reduces the risk of infection. […] Scrotal and testicular pain should not be ignored as it could indicate a medical emergency. […] Maintaining personal hygiene to avoid UTIs (urinary tract infections).

• #6

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/sexual-reproductive-health/sexually-transmitted-infections/epididymo-orchitis

  When youre sexually active, the best way to prevent epididymo-orchitis is to use condoms or other barrier method, for oral, vaginal, and anal sex. […] Dont have any sexual contact if you or your partner(s) have symptoms of an STI or may have been exposed to an STI. […] Get STI testing every 3 to 6 months if you have: a new partner, more than one partner, anonymous partners, any symptoms. […] These effects can be prevented if you get early STI testing and treatment. […] Don’t have unprotected sex (oral, vaginal, or anal sex without a condom, or other barrier method) for 7 days after you and your partner(s) have been treated. The best protection is not to have sex (oral, vaginal, or anal) for at least 7 days.

• #7 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  To prevent complications and transmission of STIs, presumptive therapy for all sexually active men is indicated at the time of the visit before all laboratory test results are available. […] Men who have acute epididymitis confirmed or suspected to be caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be advised to abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their partners have been treated and symptoms have resolved. […] Men who have acute sexually transmitted epididymitis confirmed or suspected to be caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be instructed to refer all sex partners during the previous 60 days before symptom onset for evaluation, testing, and presumptive treatment.

• #8 Epididymitis-Standard Treatment Guidelines

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/epididymitis-standard-treatment-guidelines/

  Patients to be instructed to refer sex partners for evaluation and treatment if their contact with the index patient was within the 60 days preceding onset of their own symptoms. […] Instructed to abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their sex partners have been adequately treated (i.e., until therapy is completed and patient and partners no longer have symptoms).

• #9 Epididymitis – causes, symptoms of the disease in men, diagnosis and treatment in Moscow

  https://www.k31.ru/en/service/urologiya/epididymitis.html

  Prevention of epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis in men, includes the following aspects: […] Compliance with hygiene. Regular hygiene can help prevent many infections, including epididymitis. […] Safe sex. Because many cases of epididymitis are associated with STIs, safer sex is an important way to prevent the disease. […] Men with urological conditions and those undergoing procedures that may increase the risk of developing epididymitis are advised to undergo regular physical examinations. […] Good personal hygiene, safe sex, and regular health checks all help in preventing epididymitis. It is also important to consult a doctor in a timely manner at the first sign of malaise.

• #10 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can help reduce your risk of epididymitis by: […] Using condoms during sexual intercourse. […] Regularly washing your hands with clean water and soap. […] Covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. […] Staying up to date on vaccines.

• #11 Epididymitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epididymitis

  Sometimes, it isnt possible to prevent epididymitis. However, you can reduce your risk for infection with the following measures: […] using a condom or other barrier method to prevent STIs […] reducing your number of sexual partners […] receiving an adult male circumcision […] regularly disinfecting and cleaning shared toilet seats after use […] receiving a TB vaccination. […] However, receiving prompt treatment for acute or mild epididymitis can prevent a chronic infection.

• #12 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. […] If you’re sexually active and have multiple partners, it’s also a good idea to get an STI test at least every three to six months.

• #13 Epididymitis and inflammation of the testicles – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/epididymitis-and-inflammation-of-the-testicles/

  Measures to prevent epididymitis and testicular inflammation are not known. Only testicular inflammation caused by mumps (mumps orchitis) can be safely prevented by vaccination against mumps. Vaccination provides reliable protection against this infectious disease and thus also against its complications, such as testicular inflammation. […] In general, men should protect themselves from violence in the genital area and wear appropriate protection when playing sports such as ice hockey, football or boxing. […] Do not hesitate to consult us at the first signs, i.e. pain in the scrotum, a feeling of heat and redness of the skin in this area. If detected quickly, targeted treatment can begin at an early stage and thus bring the best possible healing success and prevent permanent damage caused by the inflammation.

• #14 Epididymitis-Standard Treatment Guidelines

  https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/epididymitis-standard-treatment-guidelines/

  Epididymitis is common, and it carries much morbidity in terms of suffering and loss of time from work. […] General measures as applicable to all patients with suspected STIs: Educate and counsel patient and sex partner(s) regarding RTIs/STIs, genital cancers, safer sex practices and importance of taking complete treatment. […] Advise sexual abstinence during the course of treatment to minimize transmission. […] Promote the use of barrier contraception like condoms, educate about correct and consistent use. […] Consider immunization against Hepatitis B. […] Schedule return visit after 7 days to ensure treatment compliance as well as to see reports of tests done. […] If symptoms persist, assess whether it is due to treatment failure or reinfection and advise prompt referral. […] Goals of treatment are microbiologic cure of infection, improvement of signs and symptoms, prevention of transmission to others, decrease in potential complications (e.g., infertility or chronic pain).

• #15 Epididymitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001279.htm

  You can prevent complications if you get diagnosed and treated early. […] Your provider may prescribe antibiotics before a surgery. This is because some surgeries could raise the risk for epididymitis. Practice safe sex. Avoid multiple sexual partners and use condoms. This may help prevent epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted diseases.

• #16 Epididymitis Treatment | Epididymitis Symptoms

  https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/prostate/epididymitis-treatment/

  Epididymitis treatment begins with a doctor’s evaluation. […] That’s why it’s important to recognize the warning signs and to begin prompt epididymitis treatment. […] In addition to antibiotics, epididymitis treatment may entail the use of analgesic medications to ease pain, as well as ice packs, elevation of the scrotum, and bed rest to relieve discomfort. […] If chlamydia or gonorrhea have caused your infection, your sexual partner also should be tested and treated. […] Epididymitis left untreated can become chronic.

• #17

  https://webmedpharmacy.co.uk/blog/epididymitis?srsltid=AfmBOor2GV9kETxMzzo1mqeXsWEzTyTgtPCkfYEyhVFT-w4GavkeKbwa

  Epididymitis treatment in most cases is a course of antibiotics. The aim of treatment is to clear up both the primary infection (e.g. the STI or UTI) as well as the associated epididymitis. It is important that the course is completed, even if symptoms ease off – otherwise the infection will most likely persist and symptoms will return. […] Wearing supportive underwear can also help to ease epididymitis pain.

• #18 Discharge Instructions for Epididymitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-epididymitis

  Be sure to finish all the medicine your healthcare provider prescribed even if you feel better. Not finishing the medicine can make your condition harder to treat or cause the condition to come back. […] Use a condom to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] If your condition was caused by an STI, be sure to tell your sexual partner or partners.

• #19 Epididymitis | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/epididymitis

  To help protect against STIs that can cause epididymitis, practice safer sex. […] If you have recurrent urinary tract infections or other risk factors for epididymitis, your health care provider might talk with you about other ways you can help prevent the condition.

• #20

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/epididymitis

  To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: […] Use a condom during sexual activity. […] Maintain good hygiene. […] Treat urinary tract infections promptly. […] Avoid strenuous lifting. […] Minimize prolonged periods of sitting.

• #21 Epididymitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  Recurrent bacterial epididymitis secondary to incurable chronic urethritis or prostatitis occasionally can be prevented by vasectomy. […] Patients who must continuously wear an indwelling urethral catheter are prone to develop recurrent epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis. In such cases, placement of a suprapubic cystostomy or institution of a self-catheterization regimen may be useful. […] Treatment of nonbacterial epididymitis includes the above general measures, but antimicrobial therapy is not warranted.

• #22 How Can I Prevent Epididymitis? | Prostate Cancer 911

  https://prostatecancer911.com/how-can-i-prevent-epididymitis/

  In younger men, the cause of epididymitis is usually because of a sexually related disease. If one partner is infected, the other partner should be evaluated and potentially treated as well. Otherwise, the patient may become reinfected. Other prevention methods are as follows: abstinence (no sexual relations); condom use (reduces chances for infection by about 90%); monogamy with only one uninfected sex partner. […] For older men, maintaining good hygiene is suggested for those who are uncircumcised to help prevent urethral and bladder infections. In addition, reducing the use of urinary catheterization, or ensuring proper methods, may also help prevent inflammation and infection. Appropriate medical care can help reduce the risk for infection in men with compromised immunity.

• #23

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: […] Using a condom during sex […] Maintaining good hygiene […] Treat urinary tract infections promptly […] Avoiding strenuous lifting […] Minimizing prolonged periods of sitting.

• #24 Epididymitis Treatment | Symptoms & Diagnosis | CLS Health

  https://cls.health/conditions/epididymitis

  How to Prevent Epididymitis: While not all cases of epididymitis are preventable, some steps help reduce your risk: […] Practice Safe Sex: Using condoms reduces the risk of STIs, which are a leading cause in younger men. […] Treat UTIs and Prostate Conditions Promptly: Early intervention for urinary tract infections or prostate issues prevents bacteria from spreading to the epididymis. […] Minimize Testicular Trauma: Wear protective gear during physical activities that might result in scrotal injury.

• #25 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) can affect children and adults and is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. […] Goals of treatment include curing microbiologic infection; preventing the spread of N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis infection to sex partners; and preventing complications from untreated epididymitis, including infertility and chronic pain. […] To prevent complications and the spread of gonorrhea and chlamydia, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends beginning treatment before all laboratory test results are available, and basing therapy choice on the risk of chlamydia and gonorrhea or enteric organisms. […] In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen.

• #26 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In men who practice insertive anal intercourse, an enteric organism is likely in addition to gonorrhea or chlamydia; intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus either oral levofloxacin (Levaquin; 500 mg once daily for 10 days) or oral ofloxacin (300 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended treatment regimen for these patients. […] Because of increased chlamydia resistance, ciprofloxacin is no longer an adequate alternative fluoroquinolone for treatment of epididymitis.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/06140/traditional_chinese_medicine_on_treating.32.aspx

  Epididymitis is a common disease in nonspecific infections of the male reproductive system according to the clinical incidence of acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis. […] Many clinical trials have proven that Chinese medicine has a significant effect in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in clinical trials in recent years. It has been undoubted that TCM has obvious curative effect in reducing chronic pain in the epididymis, reducing scrotal swelling and anti-tissue fibrosis, which have been shown by recent studies. […] According to the theory of TCM, we believe that it could regulate the balance of qi and blood in human body, which ameliorates the function of the human body by stimulating the regulated acupoints. […] TCM has a profound theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience in the treatment of chronic epididymitis.

• #28

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/06140/traditional_chinese_medicine_on_treating.32.aspx

  This kind of therapy mainly achieves therapeutic effects by stimulating the body’s righteousness and regulating the balance of qi and blood, besides, yin, and yang. […] Although the specific mechanism of TCM treatment of epididymitis is not very clear, clinical studies have shown that TCM treatment of epididymitis can relieve pain and improve symptoms to some extent. […] Therefore, we will use systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM for the treatment of epididymitis.

• #29 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  With epididymitis secondary to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treatment of all sexual partners is necessary in order to limit the rate of recurrence and to achieve maximal cure rates. Reinforce the advisability of condom use in the prevention of sexually transmitted disease. […] In addition to antibiotics (except in viral epididymitis), the mainstays of supportive therapy for acute epididymitis and orchitis are as follows: Reduction in physical activity, Scrotal support and elevation, Ice packs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Analgesics, including nerve blocks, Avoidance of urethral instrumentation, Sitz baths.

• #30 Epididymitis (Aftercare Instructions)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/epididymitis-aftercare-instructions.html

  Apply ice on your testicles for 15 to 20 minutes every hour or as directed. Ice helps prevent tissue damage and decreases swelling and pain. […] Rest in bed as directed. Elevate your scrotum when you sit or lie down to help reduce swelling and pain. […] Scrotal support may be recommended. An athletic supporter provides scrotal support and may make you more comfortable when you stand. […] Do not lift heavy objects. You can make swelling worse if you lift heavy objects or strain.

• #31 Ease Epididymitis Symptoms: A Proven Approach – Pelvis.nyc

  https://pelvis.nyc/ease-symptoms-of-epididymitis-with-physical-therapy/

  Epididymitis occurs when the epididymis, a long, coiled tube behind each testicle, becomes inflamed. Sexually transmitted infections often cause this condition, but many other types of bacteria can also cause it. To reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections, it is advisable to avoid multiple sexual partners and practice safe sex. […] To reduce the risk of complications, its essential to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of epididymitis occur. Practicing safe sex, avoiding multiple sexual partners, and getting regular STI screenings can also help prevent epididymitis and its complications. Taking these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing severe infections and other long-term health issues.

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